title
Erik Brynjolfsson: Economics of AI, Social Networks, and Technology | Lex Fridman Podcast #141

description
Erik Brynjolfsson is an economist at Stanford. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Vincero: https://vincerowatches.com/lex to get up to 25% off + free shipping - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Erik's Twitter: https://twitter.com/erikbryn Erik's Website: https://www.brynjolfsson.com/ The Second Machine Age (book): https://amzn.to/33f1Pk2 Machine, Platform, Crowd (book): https://amzn.to/3miJZ76 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:56 - Exponential growth 7:24 - Elon Musk exponential thinking 9:41 - Moore's law is a series of revolutions 15:03 - GPT-3 16:42 - Autonomous vehicles 23:43 - Electricity 28:12 - Productivity 33:19 - Why is Twitter and Facebook free? 43:36 - Dismantling the nature of truth 46:56 - Nutpicking and Cancel Culture 53:11 - How will AI change our world 59:12 - Existential threats 1:01:05 - AI and the nature of work 1:07:11 - Thoughts on Andrew Yang and UBI 1:13:03 - Economics of innovation 1:19:09 - Effect of COVID on the economy 1:28:22 - MIT and Stanford 1:32:56 - Book recommendations 1:36:01 - Meaning of life CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Erik Brynjolfsson: Economics of AI, Social Networks, and Technology | Lex Fridman Podcast #141', 'heatmap': [{'end': 242.527, 'start': 176.324, 'weight': 0.763}, {'end': 5692.841, 'start': 5625.319, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Erik brynjolfsson discusses the economic impact of ai, challenges of in-person conversations during covid-19, and exponential growth. the conversation also covers ai challenges, social network impacts, andrew yang's evolving perspective, pandemic's societal impacts, and university influence on shared prosperity.", 'chapters': [{'end': 242.527, 'segs': [{'end': 31.236, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.129, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2.871, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Eric Brynjolfsson.', 'start': 0.129, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 8.836, 'text': "He's an economics professor at Stanford and the director of Stanford's Digital Economy Lab.", 'start': 3.392, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 17.242, 'text': 'Previously, he was a long, long time professor at MIT, where he did groundbreaking work on the economics of information.', 'start': 9.516, 'duration': 7.726}, {'end': 26.65, 'text': "He's the author of many books, including The Second Machine Age and Machine Platform Crowd, co-authored with Andrew McAfee.", 'start': 17.903, 'duration': 8.747}, {'end': 31.236, 'text': 'Quick mention of each sponsor, followed by some thoughts related to the episode.', 'start': 27.674, 'duration': 3.562}], 'summary': "Conversation with eric brynjolfsson, economics professor at stanford, director of stanford's digital economy lab, and author of several books on economics and technology.", 'duration': 31.107, 'max_score': 0.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI129.jpg'}, {'end': 77.308, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 49.129, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 53.752, 'text': 'Please check out these sponsors in the description to get a discount and to support this podcast.', 'start': 49.129, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 55.631, 'text': 'As a side note,', 'start': 54.67, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 63.797, 'text': 'let me say that the impact of artificial intelligence and automation on our economy and our world is something worth thinking deeply about.', 'start': 55.631, 'duration': 8.166}, {'end': 68.901, 'text': 'Like with many topics that are linked to predicting the future evolution of technology,', 'start': 64.538, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 77.308, 'text': 'it is often too easy to fall into one of two camps the fear-mongering camp or the technological utopianism camp.', 'start': 68.901, 'duration': 8.407}], 'summary': "Artificial intelligence's impact on economy warrants deep consideration.", 'duration': 28.179, 'max_score': 49.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI49129.jpg'}, {'end': 159.507, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 91.971, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 100.857, 'text': 'This is probably a good time to mention Andrew Yang, the presidential candidate who has been one of the high profile thinkers on this topic.', 'start': 91.971, 'duration': 8.886}, {'end': 104.2, 'text': "And I'm sure I will speak with him on this podcast eventually.", 'start': 101.278, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 108.183, 'text': 'A conversation with Andrew has been on the table many times.', 'start': 104.84, 'duration': 3.343}, {'end': 118.39, 'text': "Our schedules just haven't aligned, especially because I have a strongly held to preference for long form two, three, four hours or more,", 'start': 108.783, 'duration': 9.607}, {'end': 119.431, 'text': 'and in person.', 'start': 118.39, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 122.472, 'text': 'I work hard to not compromise on this.', 'start': 120.211, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 124.453, 'text': "Trust me, it's not easy.", 'start': 123.133, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 129.895, 'text': 'Even more so in the times of COVID, which requires getting tested nonstop,', 'start': 125.074, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 135.399, 'text': 'staying isolated and doing a lot of costly and uncomfortable things that minimize risk for the guest.', 'start': 129.895, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 140.24, 'text': 'The reason I do this is because to me, something is lost in remote conversation.', 'start': 135.939, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 148.703, 'text': 'That something, that magic, I think is worth the effort, even if it ultimately leads to a failed conversation.', 'start': 140.921, 'duration': 7.782}, {'end': 155.306, 'text': 'This is how I approach life, treasuring the possibility of a rare moment of magic.', 'start': 148.723, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 159.507, 'text': "I'm willing to go to the ends of the world for just such a moment.", 'start': 156.066, 'duration': 3.441}], 'summary': 'Andrew yang, a high-profile thinker, is a potential guest for a long-form, in-person podcast conversation, despite the challenges posed by covid-19.', 'duration': 67.536, 'max_score': 91.971, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI91971.jpg'}, {'end': 242.527, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 176.324, 'weight': 0.763, 'content': [{'end': 180.087, 'text': 'You posted a quote on Twitter by Albert Bartlett,', 'start': 176.324, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 186.231, 'text': 'saying that the greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function.', 'start': 180.087, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 194.828, 'text': 'Why would you say the exponential growth is important to understand? Yeah, that quote, I remember posting that.', 'start': 188.041, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 201.595, 'text': "It's actually a reprise of something Andy McAfee and I said in The Second Machine Age, but I posted it in early March,", 'start': 195.328, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 205.439, 'text': 'when COVID was really just beginning to take off and I was really scared.', 'start': 201.595, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 212.125, 'text': 'There were actually only a couple dozen cases, maybe less at that time, but they were doubling every like two or three days.', 'start': 205.799, 'duration': 6.326}, {'end': 216.569, 'text': "And, you know, I could see, oh, my God, this is going to be a catastrophe and it's going to happen soon.", 'start': 212.225, 'duration': 4.344}, {'end': 219.171, 'text': 'But nobody was taking it very seriously or not.', 'start': 217.069, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 220.652, 'text': 'A lot of people were taking it very seriously.', 'start': 219.191, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 225.713, 'text': 'In fact, I remember I did my last in-person conference that week.', 'start': 220.972, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 230.377, 'text': 'I was flying back from Las Vegas, and I was the only person on the plane wearing a mask.', 'start': 225.813, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 232.278, 'text': 'And the flight attendant came over to me.', 'start': 230.897, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 233.199, 'text': 'She looked very concerned.', 'start': 232.298, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 234.38, 'text': 'She kind of put her hands on my shoulder.', 'start': 233.219, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 236.141, 'text': "She was touching me all over, which I wasn't thrilled about.", 'start': 234.4, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 242.527, 'text': "And she goes, do you have some kind of anxiety disorder? Are you okay? And I was like, no, it's because of COVID.", 'start': 236.742, 'duration': 5.785}], 'summary': 'Exponential growth is crucial to understand, as seen with early covid cases doubling every two to three days, leading to a realization of its catastrophic impact.', 'duration': 66.203, 'max_score': 176.324, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI176324.jpg'}, {'end': 212.125, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 188.041, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 194.828, 'text': 'Why would you say the exponential growth is important to understand? Yeah, that quote, I remember posting that.', 'start': 188.041, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 201.595, 'text': "It's actually a reprise of something Andy McAfee and I said in The Second Machine Age, but I posted it in early March,", 'start': 195.328, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 205.439, 'text': 'when COVID was really just beginning to take off and I was really scared.', 'start': 201.595, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 212.125, 'text': 'There were actually only a couple dozen cases, maybe less at that time, but they were doubling every like two or three days.', 'start': 205.799, 'duration': 6.326}], 'summary': 'Understanding exponential growth is important, as covid cases were doubling every two or three days at the beginning of the pandemic.', 'duration': 24.084, 'max_score': 188.041, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI188041.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Impacts of ai and in-person conversation challenges', 'summary': 'Delves into the economic impact of ai and automation, emphasizing a balanced approach and referencing andrew yang. it also explores the challenges of prioritizing in-person conversations amidst covid-19 and emphasizes the importance of understanding exponential growth through personal experiences.', 'chapters': [{'end': 108.183, 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Eric brynjolfsson on economics and technology', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the economy, emphasizing the need to avoid polarized viewpoints and instead adopt a balanced approach, referencing the work of andrew yang.', 'duration': 108.054, 'highlights': ["Eric Brynjolfsson is an economics professor at Stanford and the director of Stanford's Digital Economy Lab, with a background in groundbreaking work on the economics of information at MIT.", 'The impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the economy and the world is highlighted, with a call to avoid polarized viewpoints and embrace a balanced approach.', "The conversation also references the work of Andrew Yang, a high-profile thinker on the topic of technology's future evolution and its impact on the economy."]}, {'end': 242.527, 'start': 108.783, 'title': 'Challenges of in-person conversations', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of prioritizing in-person long-form conversations despite the difficulties and risks, with a focus on the impact of covid-19 and the importance of understanding exponential growth, as highlighted in a personal experience.', 'duration': 133.744, 'highlights': ['The speaker prioritizes long-form, in-person conversations, even amidst the challenges of COVID-19, involving extensive testing, isolation, and additional costs to minimize risk for the guest.', 'The speaker values in-person conversations due to the belief that something magical is lost in remote discussions, demonstrating a commitment to treasuring rare moments of connection.', "The significance of understanding exponential growth is emphasized through a personal experience, where the speaker's concern over COVID-19's exponential spread was evident, despite initial lack of serious attention from others, highlighted by a personal encounter during air travel."]}], 'duration': 242.398, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI129.jpg', 'highlights': ['The impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the economy and the world is highlighted, with a call to avoid polarized viewpoints and embrace a balanced approach.', 'The speaker prioritizes long-form, in-person conversations, even amidst the challenges of COVID-19, involving extensive testing, isolation, and additional costs to minimize risk for the guest.', "The significance of understanding exponential growth is emphasized through a personal experience, where the speaker's concern over COVID-19's exponential spread was evident, despite initial lack of serious attention from others, highlighted by a personal encounter during air travel.", "The conversation also references the work of Andrew Yang, a high-profile thinker on the topic of technology's future evolution and its impact on the economy.", 'The speaker values in-person conversations due to the belief that something magical is lost in remote discussions, demonstrating a commitment to treasuring rare moments of connection.', "Eric Brynjolfsson is an economics professor at Stanford and the director of Stanford's Digital Economy Lab, with a background in groundbreaking work on the economics of information at MIT."]}, {'end': 1261.164, 'segs': [{'end': 319.583, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 287.303, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 289.665, 'text': "After 30, it's a..", 'start': 287.303, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 289.945, 'text': 'No, sorry.', 'start': 289.665, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 290.865, 'text': "After 20, it's a million.", 'start': 289.985, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 297.87, 'text': "30, it's a billion, and pretty soon after that it just gets to these numbers that you can barely grasp.", 'start': 292.186, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 306.535, 'text': 'our world is becoming more and more exponential, mainly because of digital technologies, so more and more often our intuitions are out of whack.', 'start': 297.87, 'duration': 8.665}, {'end': 314.7, 'text': 'and uh, and that can be good in the case of things creating wonders, but it can be dangerous in the case of viruses and other things.', 'start': 306.535, 'duration': 8.165}, {'end': 319.583, 'text': "do you think it generally applies, like is there spaces where it does apply and where it doesn't?", 'start': 314.7, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': 'Our world is becoming more exponential due to digital technologies, leading to numbers that are difficult to grasp.', 'duration': 32.28, 'max_score': 287.303, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI287303.jpg'}, {'end': 443.666, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 419.689, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 430.877, 'text': "changing technologies because some of them are exponentially more dangerous and our intuitions and our human skills and our institutions that that just don't change very fast at all.", 'start': 419.689, 'duration': 11.188}, {'end': 433.299, 'text': 'And that mismatch, I think,', 'start': 432.038, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 443.666, 'text': 'is at the root of a lot of the problems in our society the growing inequality and other dysfunctions in our political and economic systems.', 'start': 433.299, 'duration': 10.367}], 'summary': 'Mismatch between changing technologies and human skills leads to societal problems.', 'duration': 23.977, 'max_score': 419.689, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI419689.jpg'}, {'end': 516.212, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 493.217, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 505.129, 'text': "like he, he doesn't meet the initial estimates of the deadlines, but he seems to deliver late but deliver, which is kind of interesting.", 'start': 493.217, 'duration': 11.912}, {'end': 508.81, 'text': 'What are your thoughts about this? Well, I think we can all learn from Elon.', 'start': 505.169, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 510.09, 'text': 'I think, going to first principles.', 'start': 508.83, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 516.212, 'text': 'I talked about two ways of getting more of a grip on the exponential function, and one of them just comes from first principles.', 'start': 510.09, 'duration': 6.122}], 'summary': 'Despite missing initial deadlines, elon delivers late but consistently, emphasizing the importance of first principles.', 'duration': 22.995, 'max_score': 493.217, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI493217.jpg'}, {'end': 590.57, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 551.449, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 559.914, 'text': 'it was when I was a grad student and my advisor asked me to plot the growth of computer power in the US economy in different industries.', 'start': 551.449, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 562.915, 'text': 'There are all these exponentially growing curves.', 'start': 560.094, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 564.456, 'text': 'I was like, holy shit, look at this.', 'start': 562.975, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 566.837, 'text': 'In each industry, it was just taking off.', 'start': 564.616, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 573.581, 'text': "You didn't have to be a rocket scientist to extend that and say wow, this means that This was in the late 80s and early 90s.", 'start': 567.458, 'duration': 6.123}, {'end': 579.504, 'text': "that if it goes anything like that, we're going to have orders of magnitude more computer power than we did at that time.", 'start': 573.581, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 581.825, 'text': 'and of course we do.', 'start': 579.504, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 590.57, 'text': "When people look at Moore's Law, they often talk about it as just, so the exponential function is actually a stack of S curves.", 'start': 581.845, 'duration': 8.725}], 'summary': 'In the late 80s and early 90s, the growth of computer power in different industries showed exponential growth, leading to orders of magnitude more computer power than before.', 'duration': 39.121, 'max_score': 551.449, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI551449.jpg'}, {'end': 744.503, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 721.388, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 729.053, 'text': "I mean one version that has become more important is something I call Kumi's Law, which is named after John Kumi, who, I should mention,", 'start': 721.388, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 730.194, 'text': 'was also my college roommate.', 'start': 729.053, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 736.878, 'text': 'But he identified the fact that energy consumption has been declining by a factor of two.', 'start': 730.254, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 738.599, 'text': "And for most of us, that's more important.", 'start': 737.298, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 741.261, 'text': "The new iPhones came out today as we're recording this.", 'start': 738.919, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 743.182, 'text': "I'm not sure when you're going to make it available.", 'start': 741.301, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 744.503, 'text': 'Very soon after this, yeah.', 'start': 743.242, 'duration': 1.261}], 'summary': "Kumi's law highlights a 2x decline in energy consumption, as new iphones are released.", 'duration': 23.115, 'max_score': 721.388, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI721388.jpg'}, {'end': 913.6, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 888.215, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 894.96, 'text': 'So you multiply together a hundredfold improvement in computer power, 100-fold or more improvement in data,', 'start': 888.215, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 903.889, 'text': "100-fold improvement in techniques of software and algorithms, and soon you're getting into million-fold improvements.", 'start': 894.96, 'duration': 8.929}, {'end': 913.6, 'text': "Somebody brought up this idea with GPT-3 that it's training in a self-supervised way on basically internet data.", 'start': 903.929, 'duration': 9.671}], 'summary': "The potential for million-fold improvements in computer power, data, and software techniques, including gpt-3's self-supervised training on internet data, was discussed.", 'duration': 25.385, 'max_score': 888.215, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI888215.jpg'}, {'end': 1127.681, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1100.476, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1110.238, 'text': "and So there's a continuum there of some places where the cars will work very well and others where it could probably take decades.", 'start': 1100.476, 'duration': 9.762}, {'end': 1117.5, 'text': 'What do you think about the Waymo? So you mentioned two companies that actually have cars on the road.', 'start': 1110.939, 'duration': 6.561}, {'end': 1120.66, 'text': "There's the Waymo approach that it's more like.", 'start': 1118.02, 'duration': 2.64}, {'end': 1127.681, 'text': "we're not going to release anything until it's perfect and we're going to be very strict about the streets that we travel on,", 'start': 1120.66, 'duration': 7.021}], 'summary': 'Waymo has a cautious approach to releasing self-driving cars, aiming for perfection on selected streets.', 'duration': 27.205, 'max_score': 1100.476, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1100476.jpg'}, {'end': 1187.959, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1161.486, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1166.089, 'text': 'Your listeners may be familiar with the different levels of self-driving, level one, two, three, four, five.', 'start': 1161.486, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 1175.014, 'text': 'I think Andrew Ng has convinced me that this idea of really focusing on level four, where you only go in areas that are well mapped,', 'start': 1166.869, 'duration': 8.145}, {'end': 1179.696, 'text': 'rather than just going out in the wild, is the way things are going to evolve.', 'start': 1175.014, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 1183.977, 'text': "but you can just keep expanding those areas where you've mapped things really well,", 'start': 1179.696, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 1187.959, 'text': 'where you really understand them and eventually all become kind of interconnected.', 'start': 1183.977, 'duration': 3.982}], 'summary': 'Focusing on level four self-driving in well-mapped areas is the future of autonomous vehicles.', 'duration': 26.473, 'max_score': 1161.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1161486.jpg'}, {'end': 1223.224, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1201.163, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1215.976, 'text': 'a public like anyone from the public in the um And the Phoenix Arizona to you know, you can get a ride in a Waymo car with no person, no driver.', 'start': 1201.163, 'duration': 14.813}, {'end': 1218.138, 'text': "Oh, they've taken away the safety driver? Oh, yeah.", 'start': 1215.996, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 1220.501, 'text': "For a while now, there's been no safety driver.", 'start': 1218.659, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1223.224, 'text': "Okay, Because I mean I've been following that one in particular,", 'start': 1220.521, 'duration': 2.703}], 'summary': 'Waymo in phoenix, arizona offers driverless rides to the public.', 'duration': 22.061, 'max_score': 1201.163, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1201163.jpg'}], 'start': 242.547, 'title': 'Exponential growth and technological evolution', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of exponential growth, its increasing prevalence in the digital world, and its impact on individuals like elon musk. it also explores the exponential growth of computer power in different industries, the evolution of moore's law, the potential continuation of kumi's law, and the implications for autonomous vehicles. additionally, it covers the progress and challenges in self-driving cars, including varying difficulty levels of driving situations and the evolution towards focusing on level four self-driving in well-mapped areas.", 'chapters': [{'end': 551.449, 'start': 242.547, 'title': 'Exponential thinking and its impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of exponential growth, its counterintuitive nature, its increasing prevalence in the digital world, the mismatch between exponential technologies and the slow pace of human evolution, and the influence of exponential thinking on individuals like elon musk.', 'duration': 308.902, 'highlights': ['The concept of exponential growth is discussed, highlighting its counterintuitive nature and its prevalence in the digital world. Not specified', 'The mismatch between the exponential pace of technological advancement and the slow evolution of human skills and institutions is pointed out as a root cause of societal problems like growing inequality. Not specified', "Elon Musk's use of first principles thinking and his tendency to overestimate deadlines while still delivering on technologies are mentioned as valuable lessons for individuals. Not specified"]}, {'end': 1070.179, 'start': 551.449, 'title': 'Revolutionizing computer power growth', 'summary': "Discusses the exponential growth of computer power in different industries, the evolution of moore's law, the potential continuation of kumi's law, and the advancements in ai and machine learning, emphasizing the massive improvements in computer power, data, and techniques, and the implications for autonomous vehicles.", 'duration': 518.73, 'highlights': ['Exponential growth of computer power in different industries The exponential growth of computer power in various industries was observed in the late 80s and early 90s, leading to orders of magnitude more computer power than before.', "Evolution of Moore's Law and S curves in exponential functions Moore's Law is discussed as a stack of S curves, and it's highlighted that all exponential functions eventually turn into S curves or stop in other ways, with examples such as the impact of COVID and the saturation of the pool of people to be infected.", 'Advancements in AI and machine learning, emphasizing improvements in computer power, data, and techniques Significant improvements in computer power, data, and techniques have led to exponential improvement in the training of neural networks and the application of deep neural nets, GPUs, and TPUs, as well as the impact of abundant digital data and advancements in training algorithms.', "Potential continuation of Kumi's Law and the implications for autonomous vehicles The potential continuation of Kumi's Law, focused on energy consumption decline, is highlighted, along with the implications for autonomous vehicles, emphasizing the continuum of how much driving and assisting the car can do."]}, {'end': 1261.164, 'start': 1070.519, 'title': 'Progress and challenges in self-driving cars', 'summary': 'Discusses the progress and challenges in self-driving cars, including the varying difficulty levels of driving situations, the differing approaches of companies like waymo, and the evolution towards focusing on level four self-driving in well-mapped areas.', 'duration': 190.645, 'highlights': ["Waymo's release of self-driving cars with no safety driver in Phoenix, Arizona Waymo recently released self-driving cars in Phoenix, Arizona, allowing the public to ride in a Waymo car with no safety driver, showcasing their progress in self-driving technology.", "The evolution towards focusing on level four self-driving in well-mapped areas Andrew Ng's argument about the importance of focusing on level four self-driving, where areas are well-mapped and understood, as a way for the technology to evolve and become more feasible over time.", "Waymo's approach of strictness and emphasis on perfection before release Waymo's approach involves not releasing anything until it's perfect and being very strict about the streets they travel on, reflecting their emphasis on perfection and cautiousness in self-driving technology."]}], 'duration': 1018.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI242547.jpg', 'highlights': ['The concept of exponential growth is discussed, highlighting its counterintuitive nature and its prevalence in the digital world.', 'The mismatch between the exponential pace of technological advancement and the slow evolution of human skills and institutions is pointed out as a root cause of societal problems like growing inequality.', "Elon Musk's use of first principles thinking and his tendency to overestimate deadlines while still delivering on technologies are mentioned as valuable lessons for individuals.", 'The exponential growth of computer power in various industries was observed in the late 80s and early 90s, leading to orders of magnitude more computer power than before.', "Moore's Law is discussed as a stack of S curves, and it's highlighted that all exponential functions eventually turn into S curves or stop in other ways, with examples such as the impact of COVID and the saturation of the pool of people to be infected.", 'Significant improvements in computer power, data, and techniques have led to exponential improvement in the training of neural networks and the application of deep neural nets, GPUs, and TPUs, as well as the impact of abundant digital data and advancements in training algorithms.', "The potential continuation of Kumi's Law, focused on energy consumption decline, is highlighted, along with the implications for autonomous vehicles, emphasizing the continuum of how much driving and assisting the car can do.", 'Waymo recently released self-driving cars in Phoenix, Arizona, allowing the public to ride in a Waymo car with no safety driver, showcasing their progress in self-driving technology.', "Andrew Ng's argument about the importance of focusing on level four self-driving, where areas are well-mapped and understood, as a way for the technology to evolve and become more feasible over time.", "Waymo's approach involves not releasing anything until it's perfect and being very strict about the streets they travel on, reflecting their emphasis on perfection and cautiousness in self-driving technology."]}, {'end': 2289.131, 'segs': [{'end': 1348.444, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1300.149, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1303.071, 'text': 'And so we have to do a lot better at dealing with those edge cases.', 'start': 1300.149, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 1310.275, 'text': "And also the tricky thing that if I have a criticism for the Waymo folks, there's such a huge focus on safety.", 'start': 1303.531, 'duration': 6.744}, {'end': 1320.643, 'text': "where people don't talk enough about creating products that customers love, that human beings love using.", 'start': 1311.789, 'duration': 8.854}, {'end': 1326.732, 'text': "It's very easy to create a thing that's safe at the extremes, but then nobody wants to get into it.", 'start': 1320.703, 'duration': 6.029}, {'end': 1331.394, 'text': 'Yeah Well, back to Elon, I think part of his genius was with the electric cars.', 'start': 1326.932, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 1340.239, 'text': "Before he came along, electric cars were all kind of underpowered, really light, and they were sort of wimpy cars that, you know, weren't fun.", 'start': 1331.435, 'duration': 8.804}, {'end': 1348.444, 'text': 'And the first thing he did was, you know, he made a Roadster that went zero to 60 faster than just about any other car and went the other end.', 'start': 1340.7, 'duration': 7.744}], 'summary': 'Creating products that balance safety with customer satisfaction is crucial. elon musk transformed electric cars into high-performance vehicles.', 'duration': 48.295, 'max_score': 1300.149, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1300149.jpg'}, {'end': 1886.319, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1835.865, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1842.369, 'text': "That is how much physical production, but it's not the value we're getting.", 'start': 1835.865, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 1850.454, 'text': "we need a new set of statistics and i'm working with some colleagues, avi collis and others to develop something we call gdp-b.", 'start': 1842.369, 'duration': 8.085}, {'end': 1855.457, 'text': 'gdpb measures the benefits you get, not the cost.', 'start': 1850.454, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 1864.157, 'text': 'if you get benefit from zoom or wikipedia or facebook, then that gets counted in GDPB, even if you pay zero for it.', 'start': 1855.457, 'duration': 8.7}, {'end': 1867.4, 'text': 'So back to your original point.', 'start': 1864.577, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 1876.41, 'text': "I think there is a lot of gain over the past decade in these digital goods that doesn't show up in GDP, doesn't show up in productivity.", 'start': 1867.4, 'duration': 9.01}, {'end': 1879.593, 'text': 'By the way, productivity is just defined as GDP divided by hours worked.', 'start': 1876.43, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 1884.157, 'text': 'So if you mismeasure GDP, You measure productivity by the exact same amount.', 'start': 1880.113, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 1886.319, 'text': "That's something we need to fix.", 'start': 1885.358, 'duration': 0.961}], 'summary': 'Gdpb measures benefits, not cost, including digital goods, overlooked in gdp and productivity data.', 'duration': 50.454, 'max_score': 1835.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1835865.jpg'}, {'end': 2063.52, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2034.939, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2039.483, 'text': "There's a lot of forces, especially if there's any kind of competition that push prices down to zero.", 'start': 2034.939, 'duration': 4.544}, {'end': 2043.086, 'text': 'But you can have ad supported systems.', 'start': 2040.124, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 2044.888, 'text': 'You can bundle things together.', 'start': 2043.387, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2046.269, 'text': 'You can have volunteer.', 'start': 2044.908, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 2047.29, 'text': 'You mentioned Wikipedia.', 'start': 2046.289, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 2048.61, 'text': "There's donations.", 'start': 2047.37, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 2053.576, 'text': 'And I think economists underestimate the power of volunteerism and donations.', 'start': 2048.891, 'duration': 4.685}, {'end': 2055.777, 'text': 'your national public radio.', 'start': 2054.617, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 2063.52, 'text': "Actually, how do you do this podcast? How is this? What's the revenue model? There's sponsors at the beginning and then and people.", 'start': 2056.078, 'duration': 7.442}], 'summary': 'Various strategies, such as ad support and donations, can sustain services amid price pressure. revenue model includes sponsorships and public support.', 'duration': 28.581, 'max_score': 2034.939, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2034939.jpg'}, {'end': 2153.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2115.952, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2125.415, 'text': 'In short, when the demand curve is relatively flat and wide, like generic news and things like that, then you tend to do better with advertising.', 'start': 2115.952, 'duration': 9.463}, {'end': 2130.296, 'text': "If it's a good, that's only useful to a small number of people, but they're willing to pay a lot.", 'start': 2125.995, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 2132.738, 'text': 'they have a very high Value for it.', 'start': 2130.296, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 2134.54, 'text': "then you advertising isn't gonna work as well.", 'start': 2132.738, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 2136.182, 'text': "You're better off charging for it.", 'start': 2134.56, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 2142.049, 'text': 'Both of them have some inefficiencies and then, when you get into targeting and you get these other revenue models, it gets more complicated,', 'start': 2136.182, 'duration': 5.867}, {'end': 2145.096, 'text': "but There's some economic theory on it.", 'start': 2142.049, 'duration': 3.047}, {'end': 2153.223, 'text': "I also think, to be frank, there's just a lot of experimentation that's needed, because sometimes things are a little counterintuitive,", 'start': 2145.356, 'duration': 7.867}], 'summary': 'Advertising is more effective for wide-demand products, while niche goods are better for charging directly. economic theory and experimentation are crucial for understanding different revenue models.', 'duration': 37.271, 'max_score': 2115.952, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2115952.jpg'}, {'end': 2211.682, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2189.412, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2198.998, 'text': 'What about a mix? This is what YouTube is, right? You allow the person to decide, the customer to decide exactly which model they prefer.', 'start': 2189.412, 'duration': 9.586}, {'end': 2200.458, 'text': 'Yeah No, that can work really well.', 'start': 2199.038, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2202.679, 'text': 'And newspapers, of course, have known this for a long time.', 'start': 2200.919, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 2205.76, 'text': 'The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, they have subscription revenue.', 'start': 2202.719, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 2207.521, 'text': 'They also have advertising revenue.', 'start': 2205.82, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2211.682, 'text': 'And that can definitely work.', 'start': 2208.281, 'duration': 3.401}], 'summary': 'Youtube allows customer choice. newspapers have subscription and advertising revenue.', 'duration': 22.27, 'max_score': 2189.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2189412.jpg'}], 'start': 1261.164, 'title': 'Ai challenges and monetizing content', 'summary': 'Covers challenges in ai handling edge cases, emphasizing the need for better solutions, and discusses revenue models for content monetization, including ad-supported systems and personalized models with a mix of advertising and subscription revenue.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1348.444, 'start': 1261.164, 'title': 'Challenges of ai and the need for customer-centric products', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of ai in handling edge cases, emphasizing the need for better solutions to prevent fatalities, and highlights the importance of creating products that customers love, citing examples from the automotive industry.', 'duration': 87.28, 'highlights': ["AI's challenge in handling edge cases leads to human fatalities, with around 30,000 fatalities in the United States and approximately a million worldwide, emphasizing the need for improved solutions (e.g., Waymo's focus on safety)", "The importance of creating products that customers love, highlighting Elon Musk's approach in revolutionizing electric cars by prioritizing performance and user experience"]}, {'end': 2034.158, 'start': 1348.484, 'title': 'Rethinking technology and productivity', 'summary': 'Discusses the need for rethinking technology and business models for ai systems, the historical impact of technology on productivity growth, and the undervaluation of digital goods in gdp and productivity measurements.', 'duration': 685.674, 'highlights': ['Rethinking technology and business models for AI systems is crucial for a quantum change in operations, as evidenced by historical examples like the reinvention of factories during electrification. The reinvention of factories during electrification led to huge increases in productivity growth, underlining the importance of rethinking technology and business models for a quantum change in operations.', 'The undervaluation of digital goods like Wikipedia, Facebook, and Twitter in GDP and productivity measurements calls for a new set of metrics to measure their benefits, given their significant impact on daily lives and value creation. The undervaluation of digital goods like Wikipedia, Facebook, and Twitter in GDP and productivity measurements calls for a new set of metrics to accurately measure their benefits, reflecting their significant impact on daily lives and value creation.', 'The need for a new set of metrics, such as GDPB, to measure the benefits of digital goods and accurately reflect their impact on well-being and welfare, is essential for addressing the mismatch between GDP measurements and the actual value created by digital goods. The introduction of a new set of metrics, such as GDPB, is crucial to accurately measure the benefits of digital goods and address the mismatch between GDP measurements and the actual value created by digital goods, reflecting their impact on well-being and welfare.']}, {'end': 2289.131, 'start': 2034.939, 'title': 'Monetizing content: revenue models', 'summary': 'Discusses various revenue models for content monetization, including ad-supported systems, volunteerism, donations, and the impact of demand curve on choosing between advertising and charging for content, with emphasis on personalized models offering a mix of advertising and subscription revenue.', 'duration': 254.192, 'highlights': ['Personalized models offering a mix of advertising and subscription revenue Personalized models offering a mix of advertising and subscription revenue can be a win-win for content providers and consumers, providing a more personalized experience and potentially increasing revenue.', 'Impact of demand curve on choosing between advertising and charging for content The shape of the demand curve determines whether monetizing content through advertising or charging for it is more effective, with flat and wide demand curves favoring advertising, and goods with high value for a small number of people being better suited for charging.', 'Various revenue models including ad-supported systems, volunteerism, and donations Revenue models such as ad-supported systems, volunteerism, and donations are viable alternatives for content monetization, providing diverse options beyond traditional advertising or subscription revenue.', 'Challenges and inefficiencies in revenue models Various revenue models have some inefficiencies, and the complexity increases with targeting and other revenue models, requiring experimentation and personalized approaches to achieve optimal results.']}], 'duration': 1027.967, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI1261164.jpg', 'highlights': ["AI's challenge in handling edge cases leads to human fatalities, emphasizing the need for improved solutions (e.g., Waymo's focus on safety)", "The importance of creating products that customers love, highlighting Elon Musk's approach in revolutionizing electric cars by prioritizing performance and user experience", 'The undervaluation of digital goods like Wikipedia, Facebook, and Twitter in GDP and productivity measurements calls for a new set of metrics to accurately measure their benefits, reflecting their significant impact on daily lives and value creation', 'The need for a new set of metrics, such as GDPB, is crucial to accurately measure the benefits of digital goods and address the mismatch between GDP measurements and the actual value created by digital goods, reflecting their impact on well-being and welfare', 'Personalized models offering a mix of advertising and subscription revenue can be a win-win for content providers and consumers, providing a more personalized experience and potentially increasing revenue', 'The shape of the demand curve determines whether monetizing content through advertising or charging for it is more effective, with flat and wide demand curves favoring advertising, and goods with high value for a small number of people being better suited for charging', 'Revenue models such as ad-supported systems, volunteerism, and donations are viable alternatives for content monetization, providing diverse options beyond traditional advertising or subscription revenue', 'Various revenue models have some inefficiencies, and the complexity increases with targeting and other revenue models, requiring experimentation and personalized approaches to achieve optimal results']}, {'end': 3110.198, 'segs': [{'end': 2497.28, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2472.526, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2477.927, 'text': 'So they found that the emotional valence of false information was just much higher.', 'start': 2472.526, 'duration': 5.401}, {'end': 2481.048, 'text': 'It was more likely to be shocking and therefore more likely to be spread.', 'start': 2477.947, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 2486.216, 'text': "Another interesting thing was that that wasn't necessarily driven by the algorithms.", 'start': 2482.955, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 2492.458, 'text': 'I know that there is some evidence Zeynep Tufekci and others have pointed out on YouTube.', 'start': 2487.657, 'duration': 4.801}, {'end': 2497.28, 'text': 'some of the algorithms, unintentionally, were tuned to amplify more extremist content.', 'start': 2492.458, 'duration': 4.822}], 'summary': 'False information with higher emotional valence was more likely to be spread, potentially driven by unintentionally tuned algorithms.', 'duration': 24.754, 'max_score': 2472.526, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2472526.jpg'}, {'end': 2548.848, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2518.487, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2523.088, 'text': "But I also blame the platforms because, you know, there's different ways you can design a platform.", 'start': 2518.487, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 2529.11, 'text': 'You can design a platform in a way that makes it easy to spread lies and to retweet and spread things on.', 'start': 2523.108, 'duration': 6.002}, {'end': 2533.211, 'text': 'Or you can kind of put some friction on that and try to favor truth.', 'start': 2529.59, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 2542.561, 'text': 'I had dinner with Jimmy Wales, once you know the guy who helped found Wikipedia and and he convinced me that, look, you know,', 'start': 2533.931, 'duration': 8.63}, {'end': 2548.848, 'text': "you can make some design choices, whether it's at Facebook, Twitter, at Wikipedia or Reddit, whatever.", 'start': 2542.561, 'duration': 6.287}], 'summary': 'Platforms can be designed to favor truth, with friction on spreading lies.', 'duration': 30.361, 'max_score': 2518.487, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2518487.jpg'}, {'end': 2614.238, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2590.797, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2599.064, 'text': "And I'm disappointed in in the heads of these social networks that they haven't been as successful or maybe haven't tried as hard to amplify truth.", 'start': 2590.797, 'duration': 8.267}, {'end': 2609.874, 'text': 'And part of it, going back to what we said earlier, is these revenue models may push them more towards growing fast, spreading information rapidly,', 'start': 2599.624, 'duration': 10.25}, {'end': 2614.238, 'text': "getting lots of users, which isn't the same thing as finding truth.", 'start': 2609.874, 'duration': 4.364}], 'summary': 'Social networks may prioritize growth over truth, disappointing for amplifying truth.', 'duration': 23.441, 'max_score': 2590.797, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2590797.jpg'}, {'end': 2672.246, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2645.05, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2651.213, 'text': "And as a thought experiment, I've been thinking about if it's possible that our future will have,", 'start': 2645.05, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 2653.434, 'text': "like the idea of truth is something we won't even have.", 'start': 2651.213, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 2672.246, 'text': "Do you think it's possible in the future that everything is on the table in terms of truth and we're just swimming in this kind of digital economy where ideas are just little toys that are not at all connected to reality?", 'start': 2654.454, 'duration': 17.792}], 'summary': 'Contemplates future truth becoming obsolete in a digital economy.', 'duration': 27.196, 'max_score': 2645.05, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2645050.jpg'}, {'end': 2722.618, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2692.014, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2698.558, 'text': 'So, just by us having this conversation, I hope that your audience is gonna take it upon themselves.', 'start': 2692.014, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 2702.942, 'text': 'as they design their products and they think about it, they use products as they manage companies,', 'start': 2698.558, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 2712.711, 'text': 'how can they make conscious decisions to favor truth over falsehoods, favor the better kinds of societies and not abdicate and say well,', 'start': 2702.942, 'duration': 9.769}, {'end': 2713.772, 'text': 'we just build the tools?', 'start': 2712.711, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2722.618, 'text': 'I think there was a saying that, that was at the German scientists when they were working on the the missiles in late World War Two.', 'start': 2713.832, 'duration': 8.786}], 'summary': 'Encouraging conscious decisions to favor truth and better societies in product design and management.', 'duration': 30.604, 'max_score': 2692.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2692014.jpg'}, {'end': 2897.967, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2869.21, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2875.333, 'text': 'But it certainly we all know that Twitter can be a cesspool of misinformation.', 'start': 2869.21, 'duration': 6.123}, {'end': 2881.777, 'text': 'And like I just said, unfortunately, misinformation tends to spread faster on Twitter than truth.', 'start': 2875.753, 'duration': 6.024}, {'end': 2884.179, 'text': 'And there are a lot of people who are very vulnerable to it.', 'start': 2882.358, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 2885.94, 'text': "I'm sure I've been fooled at times.", 'start': 2884.199, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2891.665, 'text': 'There are agents, whether from Russia or from political groups or others,', 'start': 2885.98, 'duration': 5.685}, {'end': 2897.967, 'text': 'that explicitly create efforts at misinformation and efforts at getting people to hate each other.', 'start': 2891.665, 'duration': 6.302}], 'summary': 'Twitter is a cesspool of misinformation, spreading faster than truth, affecting vulnerable individuals.', 'duration': 28.757, 'max_score': 2869.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2869210.jpg'}, {'end': 2974.275, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2947.22, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2951.582, 'text': 'I talked to a friend who studied Russian misinformation campaigns,', 'start': 2947.22, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 2955.444, 'text': "and they're very clever about literally being on both sides of some of these debates.", 'start': 2951.582, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 2956.245, 'text': 'They would have.', 'start': 2955.845, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 2962.949, 'text': 'some people pretend to be part of BLM, some people pretend to be white nationalists and they would be throwing epithets at each other,', 'start': 2956.245, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 2964.71, 'text': 'saying crazy things at each other.', 'start': 2962.949, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 2968.332, 'text': "And they're literally playing both sides of it, but their goal wasn't for one or the other to win.", 'start': 2965.09, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 2971.394, 'text': 'It was for everybody to be hating and distrusting everyone else.', 'start': 2968.592, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 2974.275, 'text': 'So these tools can definitely be used for that.', 'start': 2972.014, 'duration': 2.261}], 'summary': 'Russian misinformation campaigns use divisive tactics to sow hate and distrust, playing both sides of debates.', 'duration': 27.055, 'max_score': 2947.22, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2947220.jpg'}, {'end': 3099.89, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3074.842, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 3081.063, 'text': 'So anything you say at some point, someone can go back and find something you said three years ago, perhaps jokingly, perhaps not.', 'start': 3074.842, 'duration': 6.221}, {'end': 3086.904, 'text': "Maybe you're just wrong and you made them, you know, and like that becomes they can use that to define you if they have no intent.", 'start': 3081.103, 'duration': 5.801}, {'end': 3089.065, 'text': 'And we all need to be a little more forgiving.', 'start': 3086.964, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 3091.745, 'text': 'I mean somewhere in my twenties.', 'start': 3089.105, 'duration': 2.64}, {'end': 3099.89, 'text': 'I told myself I was going through all my different friends and I was, like you know, every one of them has at least like one nutty opinion.', 'start': 3091.745, 'duration': 8.145}], 'summary': 'Be forgiving and mindful of past statements; acknowledge personal growth.', 'duration': 25.048, 'max_score': 3074.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3074842.jpg'}], 'start': 2290.052, 'title': 'Impact of social networks', 'summary': "Discusses the negative impact of social networks on society, highlighting how false information spreads faster than truth, driven by people's preference for shocking content and the design choices of platforms favoring lies over truth. it emphasizes the importance of amplifying truth over falsehoods, discussing the impact of social networks on truth, the potential future of truth in the digital economy, and the role of technology in shaping our destiny. additionally, it explores the impact of misinformation on twitter, including how it spreads faster than truth, the tactics used to generate division, and the need for platforms to prioritize truth and positive communication, while also highlighting russian misinformation campaigns and the danger of misinterpreting statements.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2557.135, 'start': 2290.052, 'title': 'Social networks impact on society', 'summary': "Discusses the negative impact of social networks on society, highlighting how false information spreads faster than truth, driven by people's preference for shocking content, and the design choices of platforms favoring lies over truth.", 'duration': 267.083, 'highlights': ["False information spreads faster than truth on social networks, as documented by a study at MIT, where lies were found to spread further, faster to more people, driven by people's preference for shocking content. A study at MIT documented that false information spread faster than truth on social networks, with lies spreading further, faster to more people, driven by people's preference for shocking content.", 'The emotional valence of false information is much higher, making it more likely to be shocking and therefore more likely to be spread, regardless of the presence of algorithms or bots. The emotional valence of false information is much higher, making it more likely to be shocking and therefore more likely to be spread, regardless of the presence of algorithms or bots.', 'The design choices of platforms can influence the spread of false news, as platforms can be designed to create friction in spreading lies and favor truth. The chapter discusses how design choices of platforms can influence the spread of false news, as platforms can be designed to create friction in spreading lies and favor truth.']}, {'end': 2868.189, 'start': 2557.135, 'title': 'Amplifying truth over falsehoods', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of amplifying truth over falsehoods, discussing the impact of social networks on truth, the potential future of truth in the digital economy, and the role of technology in shaping our destiny.', 'duration': 311.054, 'highlights': ['The chapter stresses the need to prioritize truth over falsehoods in the design and management of products and companies, highlighting the potential impact of conscious decisions on favoring truth (e.g., scientific method) over falsehoods.', 'The discussion delves into the influence of social networks on truth, expressing disappointment in their failure to effectively amplify truth and attributing it to revenue models focused on rapid growth and user acquisition.', 'The transcript explores the potential future scenario where truth becomes relative in a digital economy, reflecting on the cynical view that significant profits can be made by dismantling the idea of truth.', "The conversation touches on the role of technology in shaping our destiny, emphasizing that technology doesn't inherently determine the future and highlighting the importance of conscious decision-making in favoring truth and better societies.", 'The speaker reflects on the positive impact of platforms like Twitter in speeding up the scientific process and knowledge sharing, while acknowledging the potential for divisive and harmful aspects within these networks.']}, {'end': 3110.198, 'start': 2869.21, 'title': 'Twitter misinformation impact', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of misinformation on twitter, including how it spreads faster than truth, the tactics used to generate division, and the need for platforms to prioritize truth and positive communication. russian misinformation campaigns are explored, highlighting the goal to create hate and distrust. the danger of 'nut picking' and worst case analysis in misinterpreting statements is also emphasized.", 'duration': 240.988, 'highlights': ['Russian misinformation campaigns play both sides of debates to generate hate and distrust, impacting democracy and society.', 'Misinformation on Twitter spreads faster than truth, with explicit efforts to create hate and division, emphasizing the need for platforms to prioritize truth and positive communication.', "'Nut picking' tactics involve amplifying extreme individuals to create division, while worst case analysis can misinterpret statements, leading to potential harm.", "Digital infrastructure's permanence allows for past statements to define individuals, highlighting the need for forgiveness and tolerance in online interactions."]}], 'duration': 820.146, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI2290052.jpg', 'highlights': ["False information spreads faster than truth on social networks, driven by people's preference for shocking content.", 'The emotional valence of false information is much higher, making it more likely to be spread, regardless of algorithms or bots.', 'Design choices of platforms can influence the spread of false news, favoring truth over lies.', 'The need to prioritize truth over falsehoods in the design and management of products and companies is stressed.', 'Social networks have failed to effectively amplify truth due to revenue models focused on rapid growth and user acquisition.', 'The potential future scenario where truth becomes relative in a digital economy is discussed.', "Technology doesn't inherently determine the future; conscious decision-making is crucial in favoring truth and better societies.", 'Russian misinformation campaigns play both sides of debates to generate hate and distrust, impacting democracy and society.', 'Misinformation on Twitter spreads faster than truth, with explicit efforts to create hate and division.', "Digital infrastructure's permanence allows for past statements to define individuals, highlighting the need for forgiveness and tolerance in online interactions."]}, {'end': 4041.272, 'segs': [{'end': 3263.483, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3240.876, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3249.459, 'text': "And when I look at whether it's you know, vision systems, voice recognition, problem solving systems, even if nothing new got invented,", 'start': 3240.876, 'duration': 8.583}, {'end': 3251.76, 'text': 'we would have a few decades of progress.', 'start': 3249.459, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 3253.1, 'text': "So I'm excited about that.", 'start': 3251.78, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 3257.341, 'text': "And I think that's going to lead to us being wealthier, healthier.", 'start': 3253.46, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 3261.063, 'text': "I mean, the health care is probably one of the applications I'm most excited about.", 'start': 3257.381, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 3263.483, 'text': "So that's good news.", 'start': 3262.583, 'duration': 0.9}], 'summary': 'Progress in ai technologies will lead to wealthier, healthier society, with potential in healthcare.', 'duration': 22.607, 'max_score': 3240.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3240876.jpg'}, {'end': 3329.549, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3304.214, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3310.438, 'text': "We'll have to, as machines are able to do some tasks, people are going to have to reskill and move into other areas.", 'start': 3304.214, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 3318.544, 'text': "And that's probably what's going to be going on for the next 10, 20, 30 years or more, kind of big restructuring of society.", 'start': 3311.319, 'duration': 7.225}, {'end': 3321.706, 'text': "We'll get wealthier and people will have to do new skills.", 'start': 3318.964, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 3329.549, 'text': "Now, if you turn the dial further, I don't know, 50 or 100 years into the future, then maybe all bets are off.", 'start': 3322.426, 'duration': 7.123}], 'summary': 'Machines will reshape society, requiring reskilling over 10-30 years for wealthier society.', 'duration': 25.335, 'max_score': 3304.214, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3304214.jpg'}, {'end': 3365.493, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3341.032, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3349.242, 'text': "then we're in a world where there's really little that humans can do economically better than machines other than be human.", 'start': 3341.032, 'duration': 8.21}, {'end': 3357.648, 'text': 'And that will take a transition as well, kind of more of a transition of how we get meaning in life and what our values are.', 'start': 3350.103, 'duration': 7.545}, {'end': 3360.37, 'text': 'But shame on us if we screw that up.', 'start': 3358.308, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 3362.211, 'text': 'I mean, that should be like great, great news.', 'start': 3360.39, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 3365.493, 'text': 'And it kind of saddens me that some people see that as like a big problem.', 'start': 3362.771, 'duration': 2.722}], 'summary': 'Humans need to transition to finding meaning in life as machines take over economic tasks, which should be seen as great news.', 'duration': 24.461, 'max_score': 3341.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3341032.jpg'}, {'end': 3449.497, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3423.328, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3427.43, 'text': "They're kind of low res compared to what they could be in 30 or 50 years.", 'start': 3423.328, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 3435.152, 'text': 'But certainly games and why not any other interactions could be done with VR.', 'start': 3429.01, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 3436.253, 'text': 'And that would be a pretty different world.', 'start': 3435.212, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 3439.334, 'text': 'you know, in some ways be as rich as we wanted.', 'start': 3437.273, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 3442.855, 'text': 'you know we could have castles and we could be traveling anywhere we want.', 'start': 3439.334, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 3446.076, 'text': 'um, and it could obviously be multi-sensory.', 'start': 3442.855, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 3446.876, 'text': 'so that would be.', 'start': 3446.076, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 3448.037, 'text': 'that would be possible.', 'start': 3446.876, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3449.497, 'text': "you know there's people.", 'start': 3448.037, 'duration': 1.46}], 'summary': 'Vr technology could offer high-resolution immersive experiences in 30-50 years, enabling diverse interactions and environments.', 'duration': 26.169, 'max_score': 3423.328, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3423328.jpg'}, {'end': 3516.674, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3467.887, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3469.669, 'text': 'at predicting what the future looks like??', 'start': 3467.887, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 3471.632, 'text': 'Well, it starts getting.', 'start': 3470.47, 'duration': 1.162}, {'end': 3473.514, 'text': 'I mean I feel reasonably comfortable.', 'start': 3471.632, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 3478.039, 'text': 'next, you know five, ten, 20 years in terms of that path.', 'start': 3473.514, 'duration': 4.525}, {'end': 3485.522, 'text': 'When you start getting truly superhuman artificial intelligence by definition,', 'start': 3478.84, 'duration': 6.682}, {'end': 3490.484, 'text': "I'll be able to think of a lot of things that I couldn't have thought of and create a world that I couldn't even imagine.", 'start': 3485.522, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 3496.105, 'text': "I'm not sure I can predict what that world is going to be like.", 'start': 3492.704, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 3501.807, 'text': "One thing that AI safety researchers worry about is what's called the alignment problem.", 'start': 3496.705, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 3511.672, 'text': 'When an AI is that powerful, then they can do all sorts of things and you really hope that their values are aligned with our values.', 'start': 3502.608, 'duration': 9.064}, {'end': 3514.433, 'text': "It's even tricky defining what our values are.", 'start': 3512.572, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 3516.674, 'text': 'First off, we all have different values.', 'start': 3515.314, 'duration': 1.36}], 'summary': 'Predicting future with superhuman ai poses alignment problem and uncertainty.', 'duration': 48.787, 'max_score': 3467.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3467887.jpg'}, {'end': 3585.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3558.757, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3569.488, 'text': "I mean there's a lot of exponentially improving technologies that could be ferociously destructive, whether it's in nanotechnology or biotech,", 'start': 3558.757, 'duration': 10.731}, {'end': 3574.934, 'text': 'and weaponized viruses, AI and other things that- Nuclear weapons.', 'start': 3569.488, 'duration': 5.446}, {'end': 3576.175, 'text': 'Nuclear weapons, of course.', 'start': 3575.194, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3577.496, 'text': 'The old school technology.', 'start': 3576.215, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 3585.164, 'text': 'Yeah, good old nuclear weapons that could be devastating or even existential and new things yet to be invented.', 'start': 3577.677, 'duration': 7.487}], 'summary': 'Exponentially improving technologies pose destructive threats, including nuclear weapons and potential new inventions.', 'duration': 26.407, 'max_score': 3558.757, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3558757.jpg'}, {'end': 3911.861, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3891.615, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3901.598, 'text': 'fine motor control and dexterity, emotional intelligence and human interactions and Thinking outside the box, creative work.', 'start': 3891.615, 'duration': 9.983}, {'end': 3904.479, 'text': 'If you give it a well-structured task, machines can be very good at it.', 'start': 3901.718, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 3908.48, 'text': "But even asking the right questions, that's hard.", 'start': 3905.159, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 3911.861, 'text': "There's a quote that Andrew McAfee and I use in our book, Second Machine Age.", 'start': 3908.64, 'duration': 3.221}], 'summary': 'Machines excel in well-structured tasks, struggle with asking the right questions.', 'duration': 20.246, 'max_score': 3891.615, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3891615.jpg'}, {'end': 4041.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4014.471, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4019.396, 'text': 'And over time, that scatterplot will be updated as the technology improves.', 'start': 4014.471, 'duration': 4.925}, {'end': 4022.779, 'text': 'But it was just interesting to see the pattern there.', 'start': 4020.016, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 4028.144, 'text': 'And it is a little troubling insofar as, if you just take the technology as it is today,', 'start': 4022.899, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 4031.287, 'text': "it's likely to worsen income inequality on a lot of dimensions.", 'start': 4028.144, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 4041.272, 'text': 'So, on this topic of the effect of AI on our On the landscape of work,', 'start': 4032.248, 'duration': 9.024}], 'summary': 'Ai technology likely to worsen income inequality', 'duration': 26.801, 'max_score': 4014.471, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4014471.jpg'}], 'start': 3111.218, 'title': "Ai's impact on society, future of ai, and challenges and opportunities", 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of ai on society, emphasizing potential improvements in living standards, predicting a significant restructuring, the potential future of ai and virtual reality, and the potential risks and opportunities arising from exponentially improving technologies such as ai, nanotechnology, biotech, and nuclear weapons.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3378.982, 'start': 3111.218, 'title': "Ai's impact on society", 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of ai on society, emphasizing potential improvements in living standards and predicting a significant restructuring of society with the advancement of technology, highlighting the need for human adaptation and the potential transition to an abundance economy.', 'duration': 267.764, 'highlights': ["AI's potential to significantly improve living standards and lead to wealthier, healthier societies. The chapter discusses the potential for AI to bring about significant improvements in living standards, leading to wealthier and healthier societies.", 'The prediction of a significant restructuring of society over the next 10, 20, 30 years, requiring human adaptation and reskilling. The discussion highlights the prediction of a significant restructuring of society over the next few decades, necessitating human adaptation and the need for reskilling as machines are able to perform certain tasks.', 'The potential transition to an abundance economy where machines may be able to perform most tasks, leading to a shift in how humans derive meaning in life. The chapter discusses the potential transition to an abundance economy where machines may be capable of performing most tasks, leading to a shift in how humans derive meaning in life and their values.']}, {'end': 3537.363, 'start': 3379.423, 'title': 'Future of ai and virtual reality', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential future of ai and virtual reality, including the possibility of living in a virtual reality, advancements in vr technology, and the challenges of predicting and aligning with superhuman artificial intelligence.', 'duration': 157.94, 'highlights': ['The possibility of living in virtual reality is discussed, including the potential advancements in VR technology and the idea of living in a multi-sensory, immersive world. Living in virtual reality, advancements in VR technology, multi-sensory immersive world', 'The challenges of predicting and aligning with superhuman artificial intelligence are mentioned, along with the concern about the alignment problem and defining values in an AI-driven world. Challenges of predicting superhuman AI, alignment problem, defining values in AI-driven world', 'The potential for a drastically different future with the advent of superhuman artificial intelligence is acknowledged, with the recognition that it may lead to creations and a world beyond current human imagination. Drastically different future with superhuman AI, creations beyond human imagination']}, {'end': 4041.272, 'start': 3537.403, 'title': 'Challenges and opportunities in the age of ai', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential risks of exponentially improving technologies such as ai, nanotechnology, biotech, and nuclear weapons, and the impact of ai on the landscape of work, highlighting the potential restructuring and reorganization of tasks and the suitability of different occupations for machine learning.', 'duration': 503.869, 'highlights': ['Exponentially improving technologies pose risks The chapter discusses the potential risks of exponentially improving technologies such as AI, nanotechnology, biotech, and nuclear weapons.', 'Impact of AI on the landscape of work The chapter discusses the impact of AI on the landscape of work, highlighting the potential restructuring and reorganization of tasks and the suitability of different occupations for machine learning.', 'Suitability of different occupations for machine learning The chapter highlights the suitability of different occupations for machine learning, indicating that no occupation in the data set was completely replaceable by machine learning, and machines tend to be good at routine problem solving but not at tasks requiring fine motor control, emotional intelligence, human interactions, and creative thinking.']}], 'duration': 930.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI3111218.jpg', 'highlights': ["AI's potential to significantly improve living standards and lead to wealthier, healthier societies.", 'The prediction of a significant restructuring of society over the next 10, 20, 30 years, requiring human adaptation and reskilling.', 'The potential transition to an abundance economy where machines may be able to perform most tasks, leading to a shift in how humans derive meaning in life.', 'The possibility of living in virtual reality is discussed, including the potential advancements in VR technology and the idea of living in a multi-sensory, immersive world.', 'The challenges of predicting and aligning with superhuman artificial intelligence are mentioned, along with the concern about the alignment problem and defining values in an AI-driven world.', 'The potential for a drastically different future with the advent of superhuman artificial intelligence is acknowledged, with the recognition that it may lead to creations and a world beyond current human imagination.', 'Exponentially improving technologies pose risks, such as AI, nanotechnology, biotech, and nuclear weapons.', 'Impact of AI on the landscape of work, highlighting the potential restructuring and reorganization of tasks.', 'Suitability of different occupations for machine learning, indicating that machines tend to be good at routine problem solving but not at tasks requiring fine motor control, emotional intelligence, human interactions, and creative thinking.']}, {'end': 4689.446, 'segs': [{'end': 4129.234, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4084.973, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4089.436, 'text': 'And the thing that he really made the centerpiece of his campaign was UBI.', 'start': 4084.973, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 4092.698, 'text': 'And I was originally kind of a fan of it.', 'start': 4090.056, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 4097.34, 'text': "And then as I studied it more, I became less of a fan, although I'm beginning to come back a little bit.", 'start': 4093.278, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 4098.761, 'text': 'So let me tell you a little bit of my evolution.', 'start': 4097.359, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 4104.325, 'text': 'As an economist, by looking at the problem of people not having enough income.', 'start': 4099.261, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 4106.185, 'text': "and the simplest thing is well, why don't we write them a check?", 'start': 4104.325, 'duration': 1.86}, {'end': 4107.566, 'text': 'Problem solved.', 'start': 4106.866, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 4116.191, 'text': "But then I talked to my sociologist friends, and they really convinced me that Just writing a check doesn't really get at the core values.", 'start': 4108.087, 'duration': 8.104}, {'end': 4122.733, 'text': 'Voltaire once said that work solves three great ills, boredom, vice, and need.', 'start': 4116.911, 'duration': 5.822}, {'end': 4129.234, 'text': 'And you can deal with the need thing by writing a check, but people need a sense of meaning.', 'start': 4123.553, 'duration': 5.681}], 'summary': "Ubi was the centerpiece of the campaign, but check-writing alone doesn't address core values and need for meaning.", 'duration': 44.261, 'max_score': 4084.973, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4084973.jpg'}, {'end': 4287.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4258.719, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4262.101, 'text': 'Well, we know he would have, because they were tax rates of 70% when he founded it.', 'start': 4258.719, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 4265.983, 'text': "So I don't think that's as big a deterrent.", 'start': 4263.782, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4268.766, 'text': 'And we could provide more buying power to people.', 'start': 4266.224, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 4272.849, 'text': 'My own favorite tool is the Earned Income Tax Credit,', 'start': 4269.126, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 4279.915, 'text': 'which is basically a way of supplementing income of people who have jobs and giving employers an incentive to hire even more people.', 'start': 4272.849, 'duration': 7.066}, {'end': 4287.661, 'text': "The minimum wage can discourage employment, but the Earned Income Tax Credit encourages employment by supplementing people's wages.", 'start': 4280.295, 'duration': 7.366}], 'summary': 'Tax rates of 70% at founding, earned income tax credit encourages employment', 'duration': 28.942, 'max_score': 4258.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4258719.jpg'}, {'end': 4460.631, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4427.393, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4429.354, 'text': "I don't think we need to totally reinvent stuff.", 'start': 4427.393, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 4433.798, 'text': "A lot of it is what I've elsewhere with Andy and others called economics 101.", 'start': 4429.895, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 4434.779, 'text': 'You know,', 'start': 4433.798, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 4443.984, 'text': "there's just some basic principles that have worked really well in the 20th century that we sort of forgot in terms of investing in education,", 'start': 4434.779, 'duration': 9.205}, {'end': 4452.388, 'text': 'investing in infrastructure, welcoming immigrants, having a tax system that was more progressive and fair.', 'start': 4443.984, 'duration': 8.404}, {'end': 4460.631, 'text': "At one point, tax rates on top incomes were significantly higher, and they've come down a lot to the point where, in many cases,", 'start': 4453.308, 'duration': 7.323}], 'summary': 'Basic principles like investing in education and infrastructure have worked well in the 20th century.', 'duration': 33.238, 'max_score': 4427.393, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4427393.jpg'}, {'end': 4634.122, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4605.294, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4609.595, 'text': 'invest in R&D and research, which is close to a free lunch is what we have.', 'start': 4605.294, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 4615.417, 'text': 'My erstwhile MIT colleague, Bob Sola, got the Nobel Prize not yesterday,', 'start': 4610.135, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 4622.459, 'text': 'but 30 years ago for describing that most improvements in living standards come from tech progress.', 'start': 4615.417, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 4630.521, 'text': 'And Paul Romer later got a Nobel Prize for noting that investments in R&D and human capital can speed the rate of tech progress.', 'start': 4622.939, 'duration': 7.582}, {'end': 4634.122, 'text': "So if we do that, then we'll be healthier and wealthier.", 'start': 4631.121, 'duration': 3.001}], 'summary': 'Investing in r&d and research can lead to healthier and wealthier outcomes, as most improvements in living standards come from tech progress.', 'duration': 28.828, 'max_score': 4605.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4605294.jpg'}], 'start': 4041.272, 'title': 'Andrew yang and economic policies', 'summary': "Discusses andrew yang's evolving perspective, including initial support, subsequent skepticism, and a shift towards reevaluation of universal basic income. it also emphasizes the need to rethink work and economic policies by providing meaningful work, repurposing individuals, and redistributing wealth through tax reforms for a fairer and more efficient economy.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4104.325, 'start': 4041.272, 'title': 'Andrew yang and universal basic income', 'summary': "Discusses the economist's evolving perspective on andrew yang's presidential campaign, specifically focusing on the concept of universal basic income (ubi), highlighting initial support, subsequent skepticism, and a recent shift towards reevaluation.", 'duration': 63.053, 'highlights': ["The economist appreciates Andrew Yang's thoughtful and analytical approach, agreeing with his values and getting excited when Yang mentions his book.", "Initially a fan of UBI, the economist's perspective evolved as they studied it more, leading to a decreased enthusiasm, but now beginning to reevaluate their stance.", "Andrew Yang made UBI the centerpiece of his campaign, sparking discussions and prompting the economist's evolving perspective."]}, {'end': 4689.446, 'start': 4104.325, 'title': 'Rethinking work and economic policies', 'summary': 'Highlights the need to rethink work and economic policies, emphasizing the importance of providing meaningful work, repurposing individuals, and redistributing wealth through tax reforms for a fairer and more efficient economy.', 'duration': 585.121, 'highlights': ['The importance of providing meaningful work Work solves the great ills of boredom, vice, and need, emphasizing the need for individuals to have a sense of purpose and engagement, as seen in the negative social indicators and increased unhappiness among individuals who solely received financial aid without meaningful work.', 'Repurposing individuals and keeping them engaged Advocates for finding ways to repurpose individuals and keep them engaged in meaningful work rather than writing off certain demographics, highlighting the multitude of work opportunities that require a human component and the negative impact of stagnant wages on hardworking individuals.', 'Redistribution of wealth through tax reforms Advocates for providing more buying power to individuals at the lower end of the economic spectrum, suggesting tax reforms such as the Earned Income Tax Credit to supplement incomes and encourage employment, while also proposing conditional basic income tied to reskilling for the workforce.', 'Tax reforms for fair and efficient economy Calls for tax reforms that follow basic economic principles, such as investing in education and infrastructure, welcoming immigrants, and implementing progressive and fair tax systems, in addition to advocating for Pigouvian taxes to discourage negative externalities like pollution and congestion.', 'Investment in R&D and research for economic growth Stresses the importance of investing in R&D and research as close to a free lunch for economic growth, highlighting the potential improvements in living standards and the rate of technological progress through investments in human capital and R&D.']}], 'duration': 648.174, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4041272.jpg', 'highlights': ["Andrew Yang made UBI the centerpiece of his campaign, sparking discussions and prompting the economist's evolving perspective.", 'The importance of providing meaningful work Work solves the great ills of boredom, vice, and need, emphasizing the need for individuals to have a sense of purpose and engagement.', 'Redistribution of wealth through tax reforms Advocates for providing more buying power to individuals at the lower end of the economic spectrum, suggesting tax reforms such as the Earned Income Tax Credit to supplement incomes and encourage employment.', 'Investment in R&D and research for economic growth Stresses the importance of investing in R&D and research as close to a free lunch for economic growth, highlighting the potential improvements in living standards and the rate of technological progress through investments in human capital and R&D.', 'Tax reforms for fair and efficient economy Calls for tax reforms that follow basic economic principles, such as investing in education and infrastructure, welcoming immigrants, and implementing progressive and fair tax systems.']}, {'end': 5284.781, 'segs': [{'end': 4736.699, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4710.774, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4714.994, 'text': "There you need, it's a classic public good, there you need the government to be involved in it.", 'start': 4710.774, 'duration': 4.22}, {'end': 4726.397, 'text': "And the US government used to be investing much more in R&D, but we have slashed that part of the government really foolishly, and we're all poorer.", 'start': 4715.235, 'duration': 11.162}, {'end': 4727.897, 'text': 'significantly poorer.', 'start': 4726.957, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 4730.038, 'text': 'as a result, growth rates are down.', 'start': 4727.897, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 4732.318, 'text': "we're not having the kind of scientific progress we used to have.", 'start': 4730.038, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 4736.699, 'text': "um, it's been sort of a uh a short term.", 'start': 4732.318, 'duration': 4.381}], 'summary': "Us government's reduced r&d investment led to lower growth rates and scientific progress.", 'duration': 25.925, 'max_score': 4710.774, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4710774.jpg'}, {'end': 4826.466, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4799.394, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4808.379, 'text': 'And what we found was that before the pandemic, in the beginning of 2020, about one in six, a little over 15% of Americans were working remotely.', 'start': 4799.394, 'duration': 8.985}, {'end': 4816.022, 'text': 'When the pandemic hit, that grew steadily and hit 50%, roughly half of Americans working at home.', 'start': 4810.04, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 4817.383, 'text': 'So a complete transformation.', 'start': 4816.082, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4820.204, 'text': "And of course, it wasn't even, it wasn't like everybody did it.", 'start': 4817.863, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 4826.466, 'text': "If you're an information worker, professional, if you work mainly with data, then you're much more likely to work at home.", 'start': 4820.524, 'duration': 5.942}], 'summary': 'Pre-pandemic, 15% worked remotely; during pandemic, it rose to 50%, mainly for information workers.', 'duration': 27.072, 'max_score': 4799.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4799394.jpg'}, {'end': 4870.451, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4839.25, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4843.893, 'text': "So it's been something that's had very disparate effects on different parts of the workforce.", 'start': 4839.25, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 4853.94, 'text': "Do you think it's going to be sticky in a sense that after vaccine comes out and the economy reopens, do you think remote work will continue??", 'start': 4844.514, 'duration': 9.426}, {'end': 4856.25, 'text': "That's a great question.", 'start': 4855.168, 'duration': 1.082}, {'end': 4858.954, 'text': 'My hypothesis is yes, a lot of it will.', 'start': 4856.27, 'duration': 2.684}, {'end': 4863.08, 'text': 'Of course, some of it will go back, but a surprising amount of it will stay.', 'start': 4858.974, 'duration': 4.106}, {'end': 4870.451, 'text': 'I personally, for instance, I moved my seminars, my academic seminars to Zoom, and I was surprised how well it worked.', 'start': 4863.58, 'duration': 6.871}], 'summary': 'Remote work may continue post-pandemic, with surprising resilience shown in academic seminars moving to zoom.', 'duration': 31.201, 'max_score': 4839.25, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4839250.jpg'}, {'end': 5094.554, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5049.385, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5056.125, 'text': 'I mean, I share the values of I think most Americans, we like to see shared prosperity or most people on the planet.', 'start': 5049.385, 'duration': 6.74}, {'end': 5060.207, 'text': 'And we would like to see people not falling behind.', 'start': 5056.805, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 5065.809, 'text': 'and they have fallen behind not just due to COVID, but in the previous couple of decades.', 'start': 5060.207, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 5068.951, 'text': 'median income has barely moved, depending on how you measure it.', 'start': 5065.809, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 5072.875, 'text': 'and the incomes of the top 1% have skyrocketed.', 'start': 5069.952, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 5076.419, 'text': 'And part of that is due to the ways technology has been used.', 'start': 5073.476, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 5084.629, 'text': "Part of it's been due to, frankly, our political system has continually shifted more wealth into those people who have the powerful interest.", 'start': 5076.479, 'duration': 8.15}, {'end': 5089.731, 'text': "So there's just, I think, a moral imperative to do a better job.", 'start': 5085.209, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 5094.554, 'text': "And ultimately, we're all going to be wealthier if more people can contribute, more people have the wherewithal.", 'start': 5089.811, 'duration': 4.743}], 'summary': 'Americans seek shared prosperity, addressing income inequality, and promoting shared contribution for wealthier society.', 'duration': 45.169, 'max_score': 5049.385, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5049385.jpg'}, {'end': 5177.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5154.197, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5162.34, 'text': "that there can be winners and losers in some of the people who didn't have the skills to compete with somebody else or didn't have other assets.", 'start': 5154.197, 'duration': 8.143}, {'end': 5167.201, 'text': 'And so trade can shift prices in ways that are averse some people.', 'start': 5162.94, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 5175.984, 'text': "So there's a formula that economists have, which is that you have free trade, but then you compensate the people who were hurt,", 'start': 5168.522, 'duration': 7.462}, {'end': 5177.844, 'text': 'and free trade makes the pie bigger.', 'start': 5175.984, 'duration': 1.86}], 'summary': 'Free trade can create winners and losers, but compensating the affected can lead to a larger pie.', 'duration': 23.647, 'max_score': 5154.197, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5154197.jpg'}], 'start': 4689.466, 'title': 'Pandemic and societal impacts', 'summary': "Examines the pandemic's impact on remote work, r&d investment, and potential hysteresis effect, with remote work increasing to 50% during the pandemic, reduced r&d investment leading to slower growth rates, and the likelihood of remote work persisting post-pandemic. it also delves into the societal impacts of suffering, economic inequality, technological advancement, and political dissatisfaction, posing potential destructive consequences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5003.001, 'start': 4689.466, 'title': 'Impact of pandemic on work and research', 'summary': 'Highlights the impact of the pandemic on remote work, r&d investment, and the potential hysteresis effect on the economy, with a significant increase in remote work to 50% during the pandemic, reduced r&d investment leading to slower growth rates, and the likelihood of remote work persisting post-pandemic due to its surprising success and benefits.', 'duration': 313.535, 'highlights': ['The shift to remote work during the pandemic saw a significant increase, with roughly half of Americans working at home, reflecting a complete transformation in work dynamics. Before the pandemic, about one in six, a little over 15% of Americans were working remotely. When the pandemic hit, that grew steadily and hit 50%, roughly half of Americans working at home.', "Reduced R&D investment by the US government has led to slower growth rates and a lack of scientific progress. The US government used to be investing much more in R&D, but we have slashed that part of the government really foolishly, and we're all poorer. significantly poorer. as a result, growth rates are down. we're not having the kind of scientific progress we used to have.", 'The potential hysteresis effect on the economy suggests that the move to remote work may not snap back entirely post-pandemic, indicating a lasting impact on work dynamics. The economy is likely to have a fair amount of hysteresis, moving to a new remote work system that will not snap all the way back to where it was before.']}, {'end': 5284.781, 'start': 5006.384, 'title': 'Impact of suffering on society', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential societal impact of suffering and the failure to address economic inequality, technological advancement, and political dissatisfaction, posing the risk of destructive consequences.', 'duration': 278.397, 'highlights': ['The failure to address economic inequality and technological advancement can lead to destructive consequences. The chapter discusses the potential societal impact of suffering and the failure to address economic inequality, technological advancement, and political dissatisfaction, posing the risk of destructive consequences.', "Rising economic inequality and stagnant median income contribute to societal dissatisfaction. There's a moral imperative to address rising economic inequality and stagnant median income, as it contributes to societal dissatisfaction and poses a political risk.", 'Free trade and technology have uneven effects, leading to winners and losers in society. Free trade and technology have uneven effects, leading to winners and losers in society, and the failure to compensate those who are hurt can result in destructive consequences.']}], 'duration': 595.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI4689466.jpg', 'highlights': ['Remote work increased to 50% during the pandemic, reflecting a complete transformation in work dynamics.', 'Reduced R&D investment by the US government has led to slower growth rates and a lack of scientific progress.', 'The potential hysteresis effect on the economy suggests that the move to remote work may not snap back entirely post-pandemic, indicating a lasting impact on work dynamics.', 'The failure to address economic inequality and technological advancement can lead to destructive consequences.', 'Rising economic inequality and stagnant median income contribute to societal dissatisfaction.', 'Free trade and technology have uneven effects, leading to winners and losers in society.']}, {'end': 5980.088, 'segs': [{'end': 5310.049, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5284.781, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5290.346, 'text': "who smashed the looms and the spinning machines because they felt like those machines weren't helping them.", 'start': 5284.781, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 5297.607, 'text': 'We have a real imperative not just to do the morally right thing, but to do the thing that is gonna save the country,', 'start': 5291.346, 'duration': 6.261}, {'end': 5301.408, 'text': 'which is make sure that we create not just prosperity but shared prosperity.', 'start': 5297.607, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 5307.329, 'text': "So you've been at MIT for over 30 years, I think.", 'start': 5303.128, 'duration': 4.201}, {'end': 5308.869, 'text': "Don't tell me how old I am.", 'start': 5307.369, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 5310.049, 'text': "That's true, that's true.", 'start': 5309.029, 'duration': 1.02}], 'summary': 'Advocacy for shared prosperity to save the country, smashing of machines in history referenced.', 'duration': 25.268, 'max_score': 5284.781, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5284781.jpg'}, {'end': 5365.258, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5334.601, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5337.744, 'text': "I'm very fortunate to have been able to spend a lot of time at MIT.", 'start': 5334.601, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 5340.085, 'text': "Stanford's also amazing.", 'start': 5338.504, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 5344.927, 'text': 'And part of what attracted me out here was not just the weather, but also, you know, Silicon Valley.', 'start': 5340.265, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 5348.909, 'text': "let's face it is really more of the epicenter of the technological revolution.", 'start': 5344.927, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 5352.271, 'text': 'And I want to be close to the people who are inventing AI and elsewhere.', 'start': 5348.97, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 5357.254, 'text': 'A lot of it is being invested at MIT, for that matter, in Europe and China and elsewhere.', 'start': 5352.311, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 5365.258, 'text': 'But being a little closer to some of the key technologists was something that was important to me.', 'start': 5360.375, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': 'Mit and stanford are key players in tech innovation, with silicon valley being the epicenter.', 'duration': 30.657, 'max_score': 5334.601, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5334601.jpg'}, {'end': 5433.04, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5406.179, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5412.142, 'text': 'I always kind of try to find the words to tell people that these are magical places.', 'start': 5406.179, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 5422.852, 'text': 'Is there something that you can speak to that is beautiful or powerful about universities? Well, sure.', 'start': 5413.222, 'duration': 9.63}, {'end': 5426.595, 'text': 'I mean, first off, I mean, economists have this concept called revealed preference.', 'start': 5422.932, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 5429.397, 'text': 'You can ask people what they say or you can watch what they do.', 'start': 5426.695, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 5433.04, 'text': 'And so, obviously, by revealed preferences, I love academia.', 'start': 5430.018, 'duration': 3.022}], 'summary': "Academia holds power and beauty, as revealed by the speaker's preference.", 'duration': 26.861, 'max_score': 5406.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5406179.jpg'}, {'end': 5478.707, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5450.172, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5453.474, 'text': 'I love to have conversations like this with you and with my students, with my fellow colleagues.', 'start': 5450.172, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 5458.577, 'text': 'I love being around the smartest people I can find and learning something from them and having them challenge me.', 'start': 5453.754, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 5461.439, 'text': 'And that just gives me gives me joy.', 'start': 5458.657, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 5465.461, 'text': 'And every day I find something new and exciting to work on.', 'start': 5462.559, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 5469.383, 'text': 'And a university environment is really filled with other people who feel that way.', 'start': 5465.561, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 5472.885, 'text': 'And so I feel very fortunate to be part of it.', 'start': 5469.964, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 5478.707, 'text': "And I'm lucky that I'm in a society where I can actually get paid for it and put food on the table while doing the stuff that I really love.", 'start': 5472.985, 'duration': 5.722}], 'summary': 'Thrives in university environment, finds joy in learning and teaching, grateful for being paid to do what is loved.', 'duration': 28.535, 'max_score': 5450.172, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5450172.jpg'}, {'end': 5625.279, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5596.201, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5597.321, 'text': 'Yeah, my Herman Hesse, exactly.', 'start': 5596.201, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 5604.823, 'text': "Don't get too wrapped up in material things or other things and just sort of try to find peace on things.", 'start': 5597.381, 'duration': 7.442}, {'end': 5610.147, 'text': 'a book that actually influenced me a lot in terms of my career was called The Worldly Philosophers by Robert Heilbrenner.', 'start': 5604.823, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 5611.648, 'text': "It's actually about economists.", 'start': 5610.447, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 5614.811, 'text': 'It goes through a series of different companies written in a very lively form.', 'start': 5611.668, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 5620.455, 'text': "And it probably sounds boring, but it did describe whether it's Adam Smith or Karl Marx or John Maynard Keynes,", 'start': 5614.951, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 5625.279, 'text': 'and each of them sort of what their key insights were, but also kind of their personalities.', 'start': 5620.455, 'duration': 4.824}], 'summary': 'Influential books: the worldly philosophers by robert heilbrenner, inspired by different economists and their key insights.', 'duration': 29.078, 'max_score': 5596.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5596201.jpg'}, {'end': 5675.771, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5647.86, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5650.462, 'text': 'It needs to be updated a bit, but, you know, you could at least look through the..', 'start': 5647.86, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 5654.264, 'text': 'first couple hundred years of economics, which is not a bad place to start.', 'start': 5651.263, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 5661.286, 'text': 'More recently, I mean, a book I really enjoyed is by my friend and colleague Max Tegmark called Life 3.0.', 'start': 5655.044, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 5663.066, 'text': "You should have it on your podcast if you haven't already.", 'start': 5661.286, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 5665.087, 'text': 'It was episode number one.', 'start': 5663.286, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5666.267, 'text': 'Oh my God.', 'start': 5665.507, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 5668.568, 'text': "And he's back, he'll be back soon.", 'start': 5666.507, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 5671.389, 'text': "yeah, no, he's terrific.", 'start': 5670.208, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5675.771, 'text': 'i i love the way his brain works and he makes you think about profound things.', 'start': 5671.389, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': 'Suggests exploring economics and recommends the podcast episode life 3.0 by max tegmark.', 'duration': 27.911, 'max_score': 5647.86, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5647860.jpg'}, {'end': 5727.309, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5625.319, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5632.865, 'text': "And I think that's one of the reasons I became an economist was was just understanding how they grapple with the big questions of the world.", 'start': 5625.319, 'duration': 7.546}, {'end': 5638.05, 'text': 'So would you recommend it as a good whirlwind overview of the history of economics? Yeah, yeah.', 'start': 5633.126, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 5639.011, 'text': "I think that's exactly right.", 'start': 5638.13, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 5645.798, 'text': 'It kind of takes you through the different things and, you know, so you can understand how they reach, thinking some of the strengths and weaknesses.', 'start': 5639.051, 'duration': 6.747}, {'end': 5647.84, 'text': "I mean, probably it's a little out of date now.", 'start': 5646.398, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 5650.462, 'text': 'It needs to be updated a bit, but, you know, you could at least look through the..', 'start': 5647.86, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 5654.264, 'text': 'first couple hundred years of economics, which is not a bad place to start.', 'start': 5651.263, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 5661.286, 'text': 'More recently, I mean, a book I really enjoyed is by my friend and colleague Max Tegmark called Life 3.0.', 'start': 5655.044, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 5663.066, 'text': "You should have it on your podcast if you haven't already.", 'start': 5661.286, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 5665.087, 'text': 'It was episode number one.', 'start': 5663.286, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5666.267, 'text': 'Oh my God.', 'start': 5665.507, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 5668.568, 'text': "And he's back, he'll be back soon.", 'start': 5666.507, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 5671.389, 'text': "yeah, no, he's terrific.", 'start': 5670.208, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5675.771, 'text': 'i i love the way his brain works and he makes you think about profound things.', 'start': 5671.389, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 5681.895, 'text': "he's got such a joyful approach to life and uh, so that's been a great book and you know you learn.", 'start': 5675.771, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 5684.377, 'text': 'i learn a lot from it, i think everybody, but he explains it in a way,', 'start': 5681.895, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 5688.84, 'text': "even though he's so brilliant that you know everyone can understand that i can understand.", 'start': 5684.377, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 5692.841, 'text': "um, You know that's three, but let me mention maybe one or two others.", 'start': 5688.84, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 5698.182, 'text': 'I mean, I recently read More from Less by my sometimes co-author Andrew McAfee.', 'start': 5692.901, 'duration': 5.281}, {'end': 5706.044, 'text': 'It made me optimistic about how we can continue to have rising living standards while living more lightly on the planet.', 'start': 5698.642, 'duration': 7.402}, {'end': 5711.505, 'text': 'In fact, because of higher living standards, because of technology, because of digitization that I mentioned,', 'start': 5706.064, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 5713.446, 'text': "we don't have to have as big an impact on the planet.", 'start': 5711.505, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5715.646, 'text': "And that's a great story to tell.", 'start': 5713.646, 'duration': 2}, {'end': 5717.047, 'text': 'And he documents it very carefully.', 'start': 5715.706, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 5723.747, 'text': 'You know, a personal kind of self-help book that I find kind of useful, people, is Atomic Habits.', 'start': 5719.704, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 5725.848, 'text': "I think it's, what's his name? James Clear.", 'start': 5724.107, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5727.309, 'text': 'Yeah, James Clear.', 'start': 5726.129, 'duration': 1.18}], 'summary': "Economist recommends books on history of economics, technology's impact on planet, and personal development.", 'duration': 42.932, 'max_score': 5625.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5625319.jpg'}, {'end': 5784.613, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5759.975, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5768.062, 'text': "Yeah, The biggest ridiculous question, especially to ask an economist, but also a human being what's the meaning of life??", 'start': 5759.975, 'duration': 8.087}, {'end': 5771.2, 'text': "I hope you've gotten the answer to that from somebody.", 'start': 5769.498, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 5772.902, 'text': "I think we're all still working on that one.", 'start': 5771.5, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 5774.703, 'text': 'But what is it?', 'start': 5773.522, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5784.613, 'text': "I actually learned a lot from my son Luke, and he's 19 now, but he's always loved philosophy and he reads way more sophisticated philosophy than I do.", 'start': 5774.784, 'duration': 9.829}], 'summary': "Economist discusses the meaning of life, influenced by son's love for philosophy.", 'duration': 24.638, 'max_score': 5759.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5759975.jpg'}], 'start': 5284.781, 'title': 'Universities and book recommendations', 'summary': "Emphasizes the impact of universities on shared prosperity, highlights economist erik brynjolfsson's book recommendations, and discusses insights on happiness and the meaning of life.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5570.748, 'start': 5284.781, 'title': 'The power of universities', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of creating shared prosperity, the impact of moving from mit to stanford, and the joy of working in academia, emphasizing the magical environment of universities and the joy of working on important problems.', 'duration': 285.967, 'highlights': ['The importance of creating shared prosperity and the need to make sure the country achieves not just prosperity but shared prosperity.', 'The impact of moving from MIT to Stanford and the attraction of being closer to the technological revolution and key technologists in Silicon Valley.', 'The joy of working in academia, the magical environment of universities, and the joy of working on important problems while being surrounded by smart and challenging individuals.', 'The concept of revealed preference in economics and the love for academia, expressed through the enjoyment of research and conversations with colleagues and students.']}, {'end': 5980.088, 'start': 5570.748, 'title': "Economist's book recommendations", 'summary': "Discusses economist erik brynjolfsson's book recommendations, including 'siddhartha' and 'the worldly philosophers', as well as his insights on happiness and the meaning of life.", 'duration': 409.34, 'highlights': ["Erik Brynjolfsson recommends 'Siddhartha' and 'The Worldly Philosophers' as impactful books in his life, with the latter providing a lively overview of economists like Adam Smith and Karl Marx. He mentions the books 'Siddhartha' and 'The Worldly Philosophers' as influential in his life, with the latter providing a lively overview of economists like Adam Smith and Karl Marx.", "Brynjolfsson suggests 'Life 3.0' by Max Tegmark as a profound and enjoyable book that makes readers think about important concepts. He recommends 'Life 3.0' by Max Tegmark as a profound and enjoyable book that makes readers think about important concepts.", "Brynjolfsson finds 'More from Less' by Andrew McAfee to be an optimistic book that discusses rising living standards while living more lightly on the planet. He expresses his optimism about 'More from Less' by Andrew McAfee, which discusses rising living standards while living more lightly on the planet.", "He appreciates 'Atomic Habits' by James Clear for its clear and reinforcing approach to building positive habits. He finds 'Atomic Habits' by James Clear useful for its clear and reinforcing approach to building positive habits.", "Brynjolfsson shares his insights on the meaning of life, discussing his son's perspective on hedonism and his belief that real happiness comes from doing something meaningful and helping others. He shares his insights on the meaning of life, including his son's perspective on hedonism and his belief that real happiness comes from doing something meaningful and helping others."]}], 'duration': 695.307, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NOReE-3EBhI/pics/NOReE-3EBhI5284781.jpg', 'highlights': ['The importance of creating shared prosperity and the need to make sure the country achieves not just prosperity but shared prosperity.', 'The impact of moving from MIT to Stanford and the attraction of being closer to the technological revolution and key technologists in Silicon Valley.', 'The joy of working in academia, the magical environment of universities, and the joy of working on important problems while being surrounded by smart and challenging individuals.', 'The concept of revealed preference in economics and the love for academia, expressed through the enjoyment of research and conversations with colleagues and students.', "Erik Brynjolfsson recommends 'Siddhartha' and 'The Worldly Philosophers' as impactful books in his life, with the latter providing a lively overview of economists like Adam Smith and Karl Marx.", "Brynjolfsson suggests 'Life 3.0' by Max Tegmark as a profound and enjoyable book that makes readers think about important concepts.", "Brynjolfsson finds 'More from Less' by Andrew McAfee to be an optimistic book that discusses rising living standards while living more lightly on the planet.", "He appreciates 'Atomic Habits' by James Clear for its clear and reinforcing approach to building positive habits.", "Brynjolfsson shares his insights on the meaning of life, discussing his son's perspective on hedonism and his belief that real happiness comes from doing something meaningful and helping others."]}], 'highlights': ['The impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the economy and the world is highlighted, with a call to avoid polarized viewpoints and embrace a balanced approach.', 'The speaker prioritizes long-form, in-person conversations, even amidst the challenges of COVID-19, involving extensive testing, isolation, and additional costs to minimize risk for the guest.', "The significance of understanding exponential growth is emphasized through a personal experience, where the speaker's concern over COVID-19's exponential spread was evident, despite initial lack of serious attention from others, highlighted by a personal encounter during air travel.", 'The concept of exponential growth is discussed, highlighting its counterintuitive nature and its prevalence in the digital world.', 'The mismatch between the exponential pace of technological advancement and the slow evolution of human skills and institutions is pointed out as a root cause of societal problems like growing inequality.', "Elon Musk's use of first principles thinking and his tendency to overestimate deadlines while still delivering on technologies are mentioned as valuable lessons for individuals.", 'The exponential growth of computer power in various industries was observed in the late 80s and early 90s, leading to orders of magnitude more computer power than before.', "AI's challenge in handling edge cases leads to human fatalities, emphasizing the need for improved solutions (e.g., Waymo's focus on safety)", 'The emotional valence of false information is much higher, making it more likely to be spread, regardless of algorithms or bots.', "AI's potential to significantly improve living standards and lead to wealthier, healthier societies.", "Andrew Yang made UBI the centerpiece of his campaign, sparking discussions and prompting the economist's evolving perspective.", 'Remote work increased to 50% during the pandemic, reflecting a complete transformation in work dynamics.', 'The importance of creating shared prosperity and the need to make sure the country achieves not just prosperity but shared prosperity.', 'The joy of working in academia, the magical environment of universities, and the joy of working on important problems while being surrounded by smart and challenging individuals.']}