title
Big Tobacco's business model | Robert Proctor and Lex Fridman

description
Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3VBCWIDEzk Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings GUEST BIO: Robert Proctor is a historian of science at Stanford University. PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': "Big Tobacco's business model | Robert Proctor and Lex Fridman", 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "Cigarettes have caused over 100 million deaths in the 20th century, surpassing covid-19 casualties, highlighting the urgent need for action. the tobacco industry's powerful and invisible influence, targeting of vulnerable groups, and unethical business model are discussed, along with the challenges faced in battling big tobacco and the impact of indoor smoking bans.", 'chapters': [{'end': 127.349, 'segs': [{'end': 28.17, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3.038, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 10.142, 'text': 'So a few years ago you wrote that the cigarette is the deadliest object in the history of human civilization.', 'start': 3.038, 'duration': 7.104}, {'end': 16.164, 'text': 'Cigarettes kill about six million people every year, a number that will grow before it shrinks.', 'start': 10.802, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 28.17, 'text': 'Smoking in the 20th century killed 100 million people, and a billion could perish in our century unless we reverse the course.', 'start': 17.185, 'duration': 10.985}], 'summary': 'Cigarettes kill 6m annually, 100m in 20th century; a billion could die in 21st century.', 'duration': 25.132, 'max_score': 3.038, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df83038.jpg'}, {'end': 80.483, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 54.105, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 60.314, 'text': 'Cigarettes have killed hundreds of millions and every year kill about as many as COVID.', 'start': 54.105, 'duration': 6.209}, {'end': 65.541, 'text': "They're sort of neck and neck, but if you took the last five years, there's no contest.", 'start': 61.435, 'duration': 4.106}, {'end': 70.107, 'text': 'Cigarettes have killed far more and are far more preventable.', 'start': 66.722, 'duration': 3.385}, {'end': 80.483, 'text': "So we're in a world, this bizarro world, where every night there's a COVID report and cigarettes would never be mentioned.", 'start': 71.397, 'duration': 9.086}], 'summary': 'Cigarettes have killed hundreds of millions, almost as many as covid yearly.', 'duration': 26.378, 'max_score': 54.105, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df854105.jpg'}], 'start': 3.038, 'title': 'The lethal impact of cigarettes', 'summary': 'Discusses how cigarettes have killed over 100 million people in the 20th century and approximately six million people annually, surpassing the casualties caused by covid-19, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and action to prevent further deaths.', 'chapters': [{'end': 127.349, 'start': 3.038, 'title': 'The deadliest object in human history', 'summary': 'Discusses the lethal impact of cigarettes, which have killed over 100 million people in the 20th century and approximately six million people annually, surpassing the casualties caused by covid-19, and emphasizes the need for increased awareness and action to prevent further deaths.', 'duration': 124.311, 'highlights': ["Cigarettes have killed over 100 million people in the 20th century and approximately six million people annually, surpassing the casualties caused by COVID-19. Cigarettes' lethal impact is highlighted by the staggering number of deaths, exceeding those caused by COVID-19, emphasizing the urgency for preventive measures.", 'The lethal impact of cigarettes is compared to other deadly objects in human history, emphasizing their unparalleled threat. The comparison of cigarettes to other historically deadly objects underscores their unprecedented impact and danger to human civilization.', 'Cigarettes are often overlooked and remain invisible in public discourse, despite their massive death toll. The invisibility of cigarettes in public discourse is emphasized, portraying the lack of attention given to their significant death toll and the need for increased awareness.']}], 'duration': 124.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df83038.jpg', 'highlights': ["Cigarettes have killed over 100 million people in the 20th century and approximately six million people annually, surpassing the casualties caused by COVID-19. Cigarettes' lethal impact is highlighted by the staggering number of deaths, exceeding those caused by COVID-19, emphasizing the urgency for preventive measures.", 'The lethal impact of cigarettes is compared to other deadly objects in human history, emphasizing their unparalleled threat. The comparison of cigarettes to other historically deadly objects underscores their unprecedented impact and danger to human civilization.', 'Cigarettes are often overlooked and remain invisible in public discourse, despite their massive death toll. The invisibility of cigarettes in public discourse is emphasized, portraying the lack of attention given to their significant death toll and the need for increased awareness.']}, {'end': 429.517, 'segs': [{'end': 216.191, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 129.288, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 134.872, 'text': 'Then when you get something like a very powerful tobacco industry, which is a multi-multi-billion dollar industry,', 'start': 129.288, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 142.076, 'text': 'which still spends many billions of dollars advertising every year, but nonetheless manages to make themselves invisible.', 'start': 134.872, 'duration': 7.204}, {'end': 153.192, 'text': "You have this powerful agent that is producing this engine of death that is invisible, it's been reduced to the fish that move themselves.", 'start': 142.516, 'duration': 10.676}, {'end': 158.793, 'text': "In other words, there's not really a tobacco industry, there's just people who smoke, and that's a personal choice,", 'start': 153.252, 'duration': 5.541}, {'end': 160.893, 'text': "like what food we're gonna have for dinner tonight.", 'start': 158.793, 'duration': 2.1}, {'end': 165.114, 'text': "And so it's erased from the policy world.", 'start': 161.013, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 167.654, 'text': "It's as if it doesn't exist.", 'start': 166.314, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 179.714, 'text': 'And creating that sense of invisibility to failure to understand the causes of causes is what allows the epidemic to continue,', 'start': 168.875, 'duration': 10.839}, {'end': 182.235, 'text': 'but also not even to be acknowledged.', 'start': 179.714, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 185.216, 'text': "How's the invisibility created?", 'start': 183.676, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 196.007, 'text': 'Is it natural, is it just human nature that ideas just fade from our attention?', 'start': 185.596, 'duration': 10.411}, {'end': 206.509, 'text': 'or is it malevolent, still going on kind of action by the tobacco companies to keep this invisible?', 'start': 196.007, 'duration': 10.502}, {'end': 207.489, 'text': "It's still going on.", 'start': 206.609, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 216.191, 'text': "Even when you see an ad against cigarettes on television, that's dramatically curtailed,", 'start': 208.61, 'duration': 7.581}], 'summary': 'The powerful tobacco industry spends billions but remains invisible, erasing its impact on policy and perpetuating the epidemic.', 'duration': 86.903, 'max_score': 129.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8129288.jpg'}, {'end': 291.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 246.027, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 248.928, 'text': 'They had most of the senators in their pocket, a lot of the senators.', 'start': 246.027, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 250.849, 'text': "Sometimes they'll play both sides of the aisle.", 'start': 249.268, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 259.692, 'text': 'Basically, tobacco is Democratic, Democratic Party, until basically the 70s and Ronald Reagan.', 'start': 251.329, 'duration': 8.363}, {'end': 269.623, 'text': 'Then it shifts over to becoming Republican They create bodies like the Tea Party.', 'start': 259.713, 'duration': 9.91}, {'end': 272.543, 'text': 'They merge with Big Oil,', 'start': 269.643, 'duration': 2.9}, {'end': 291.087, 'text': 'the Koch brothers in the 1980s and 90s to form the Tea Party and a whole series of fronts which fight against all regulation and all taxation in order to prevent gas taxes and cigarette taxes.', 'start': 272.543, 'duration': 18.544}], 'summary': 'Tobacco industry influences senators, shifts to republican side, forms tea party to fight regulations and taxes.', 'duration': 45.06, 'max_score': 246.027, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8246027.jpg'}, {'end': 364.636, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 303.317, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 310.584, 'text': 'And through that locus, then you have gasoline and tobacco sort of in this micro architectural collaboration.', 'start': 303.317, 'duration': 7.267}, {'end': 314.387, 'text': "So there's multiple, multiple means.", 'start': 312.345, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 315.816, 'text': 'that they use.', 'start': 315.236, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 319.117, 'text': 'Plus, a lot of their targeting is hyper-specific.', 'start': 315.956, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 321.438, 'text': 'They use the internet very effectively.', 'start': 319.797, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 325.539, 'text': 'They use email that are customer targeting.', 'start': 321.498, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 334.301, 'text': 'What goes through the mind of a big tobacco executive? This is connecting to our previous conversations of scientists and so on.', 'start': 326.639, 'duration': 7.662}, {'end': 336.842, 'text': 'I always wonder about that.', 'start': 334.321, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 356.239, 'text': "I talked to a Pfizer CEO, for example, and there's a deep question with the Pfizer CEO, with, I guess, any CEO, but big pharma would you?", 'start': 336.862, 'duration': 19.377}, {'end': 364.636, 'text': "it's like if you can come up with a cure that gets rid of the problem that's in the big pharma.", 'start': 356.239, 'duration': 8.397}], 'summary': 'Gasoline and tobacco collaborate architecturally to target customers effectively through the internet and email.', 'duration': 61.319, 'max_score': 303.317, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8303317.jpg'}], 'start': 129.288, 'title': 'Tobacco industry influence and ethical decision making', 'summary': 'Reveals the powerful and invisible influence of the multi-billion dollar tobacco industry, which spends billions on advertising and maintains invisibility in policy-making. it also discusses the ethical dilemma faced by ceos in big pharma, questioning whether financial incentives hinder the pursuit of cures for societal problems.', 'chapters': [{'end': 245.887, 'start': 129.288, 'title': "Tobacco industry's invisible influence", 'summary': 'Reveals the invisible and powerful influence of the multi-billion dollar tobacco industry, which spends billions on advertising, maintains invisibility in policy-making, and wields influence through powerful agents such as senators, allowing the epidemic to continue unchecked.', 'duration': 116.599, 'highlights': ['The multi-billion dollar tobacco industry maintains invisibility in policy-making and wields influence through powerful agents such as senators, allowing the epidemic to continue unchecked.', 'The tobacco industry still spends many billions of dollars advertising every year, contributing to its powerful and influential status.', "The industry's influence is so pervasive that it has managed to erase itself from the policy world, creating a sense of invisibility and failure to understand the causes of causes.", 'The industry operates through powerful agents, including senators, who have significant influence, with three-quarters of the members of Congress counted as grade-A contacts.', "The industry's efforts to maintain invisibility include curtailed anti-cigarette ads on television, which are subject to an anti-villainy clause, preventing the industry from being visible even in those ads."]}, {'end': 325.539, 'start': 246.027, 'title': 'Tobacco industry influence', 'summary': 'Discusses how the tobacco industry has strategically influenced political parties, merged with big oil to form the tea party, and targeted specific demographics through effective use of the internet and customer targeting.', 'duration': 79.512, 'highlights': ['The tobacco industry shifted its allegiance from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in the 70s and 80s, merging with Big Oil to form the Tea Party and various fronts to fight against regulation and taxation.', 'Walmart, pharmacies, and 7-Elevens are the primary locations for cigarette sales, highlighting the widespread availability of tobacco products.', 'The industry uses hyper-specific targeting through effective internet and customer targeting strategies to reach its desired demographics.']}, {'end': 429.517, 'start': 326.639, 'title': 'Ethical decision making in big pharma', 'summary': 'Explores the ethical dilemma faced by ceos in big pharma, questioning whether financial incentives hinder the pursuit of cures for societal problems, and the potential long-term benefits of prioritizing ethical action over immediate profits.', 'duration': 102.878, 'highlights': ['Big pharma executives may face a moral dilemma when considering producing a cure, as doing so could lead to a significant loss of revenue, highlighting the conflict between financial gain and ethical decision-making.', "The discussion touches upon the idea that prioritizing ethical action and innovation can lead to long-term financial success, emphasizing the potential benefits of doing the right thing for society and the company's bottom line.", 'The transcript delves into the concept that the pursuit of profit may cloud judgment and lead to choices that are not beneficial for human civilization, illustrating the potential negative impact of prioritizing financial gain over ethical considerations.']}], 'duration': 300.229, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8129288.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tobacco industry maintains invisibility in policy-making and wields influence through powerful agents such as senators, allowing the epidemic to continue unchecked.', 'The industry still spends many billions of dollars advertising every year, contributing to its powerful and influential status.', "The industry's efforts to maintain invisibility include curtailed anti-cigarette ads on television, which are subject to an anti-villainy clause, preventing the industry from being visible even in those ads.", 'The tobacco industry shifted its allegiance from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in the 70s and 80s, merging with Big Oil to form the Tea Party and various fronts to fight against regulation and taxation.', 'Big pharma executives may face a moral dilemma when considering producing a cure, as doing so could lead to a significant loss of revenue, highlighting the conflict between financial gain and ethical decision-making.', 'The industry uses hyper-specific targeting through effective internet and customer targeting strategies to reach its desired demographics.']}, {'end': 739.143, 'segs': [{'end': 458.748, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 429.677, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 436.959, 'text': 'Well, one of the reasons I was made a courtesy appointment in pulmonary medicine at Stanford was, they recognized,', 'start': 429.677, 'duration': 7.282}, {'end': 446.383, 'text': 'I was doing more to save lives by trying to stop big tobacco than they were by yanking out this lung, that lung you know, on a daily basis.', 'start': 436.959, 'duration': 9.424}, {'end': 447.283, 'text': 'Cause of causes.', 'start': 446.423, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 451.045, 'text': 'The cause of causes, which we can keep returning to.', 'start': 447.723, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 458.748, 'text': "Your question about how do people live with themselves is a crucial one, and it's one I've thought about a lot.", 'start': 452.285, 'duration': 6.463}], 'summary': 'Advocating against big tobacco to save lives, recognized by stanford in pulmonary medicine.', 'duration': 29.071, 'max_score': 429.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8429677.jpg'}, {'end': 657.798, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 526.411, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 537.176, 'text': 'when you look at their documents, they talk about targeting against young adults or against women or against, uh uh, homosexuals.', 'start': 526.411, 'duration': 10.765}, {'end': 544.478, 'text': "there's a whole project reynolds has called project scum, which is project Subculture urban markets,", 'start': 537.176, 'duration': 7.302}, {'end': 548.459, 'text': "where they're targeting homeless and homosexuals in San Francisco.", 'start': 544.478, 'duration': 3.981}, {'end': 559.361, 'text': 'So what kind of business model regards their customers as scum or talks about them as one famous Reynolds executives?', 'start': 548.499, 'duration': 10.862}, {'end': 560.942, 'text': "you know, we don't smoke this stuff.", 'start': 559.361, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 563.402, 'text': 'We reserve that for the poor, the black and the stupid.', 'start': 560.982, 'duration': 2.42}, {'end': 568.023, 'text': "That's a direct quote from one of the Winston models.", 'start': 564.102, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 577.169, 'text': "So it's a company culture that sees the customers almost like as the enemy or worthless.", 'start': 568.396, 'duration': 8.773}, {'end': 578.912, 'text': 'Losers Losers.', 'start': 577.389, 'duration': 1.523}, {'end': 583.839, 'text': "So you have these executives, if we don't do it, someone else will.", 'start': 579.012, 'duration': 4.827}, {'end': 588.479, 'text': 'If people are dumb enough to buy our product, let them buy it.', 'start': 585.416, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 590.401, 'text': "Maybe it's a personal choice.", 'start': 589.28, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 591.883, 'text': "Maybe they're libertarians.", 'start': 590.481, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 597.128, 'text': "Maybe they're just, as you said, seduced by the money, and the money is enormous.", 'start': 592.964, 'duration': 4.164}, {'end': 603.835, 'text': 'The money is enormous, and these tobacco executives make tens of millions of dollars per year just in their salaries.', 'start': 597.648, 'duration': 6.187}, {'end': 609.837, 'text': "So I think there's a whole series of logics.", 'start': 606.236, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 614.299, 'text': 'At some point, some of the companies have become food producers in the 1980s and 90s.', 'start': 610.077, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 619.04, 'text': 'Philip Morris, which makes Marlboro, was the largest food producer in the United States.', 'start': 614.719, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 627.483, 'text': "And so they could say, well, we're producing many products, many addictive, desirable products.", 'start': 620.06, 'duration': 7.423}, {'end': 647.711, 'text': "i think one project i'm working on now actually is looking at how the industry maintains morale in their own workforce and they create a kind of parallel world of prizes and rewards and tobacco queens and tobacco princesses,", 'start': 628.943, 'duration': 18.768}, {'end': 650.813, 'text': 'and tobacco sports teams and tobacco.', 'start': 647.711, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 657.798, 'text': "it's this whole separate world, a world within a world, and We all live in bubbles of a sort.", 'start': 650.813, 'duration': 6.985}], 'summary': "Tobacco industry targets homeless, homosexuals, and views customers as 'scum'; executives make tens of millions per year in salaries.", 'duration': 131.387, 'max_score': 526.411, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8526411.jpg'}, {'end': 745.808, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 715.849, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 720.412, 'text': 'There are universities named for tobacco executives.', 'start': 715.849, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 727.136, 'text': 'You know, we have Duke University, and we have the George Weisman School, I think, of Arts and Sciences at CUNY.', 'start': 720.432, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 730.598, 'text': 'And there are prizes.', 'start': 728.217, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 735.561, 'text': "You know, Philip Morris essentially created women's tennis as a spectator sport.", 'start': 730.658, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 739.143, 'text': 'Billie Jean King joins the board of directors of Philip Morris.', 'start': 735.781, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 745.808, 'text': 'uh, she signs coupons two to one coupons for buying virginia slim cigarettes.', 'start': 740.183, 'duration': 5.625}], 'summary': "Tobacco companies have significant influence in universities and sports, including creating women's tennis as a spectator sport and having billie jean king on the board of directors.", 'duration': 29.959, 'max_score': 715.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8715849.jpg'}], 'start': 429.677, 'title': "Tobacco industry's impact", 'summary': "Discusses the motives and ideologies behind the tobacco industry's actions, including ruthless pursuit of success and indifference towards customers, targeting of vulnerable groups, unethical business model, and influence through censorship, manipulation of data, and support for arts and sports.", 'chapters': [{'end': 526.411, 'start': 429.677, 'title': "Tobacco industry's ideologies", 'summary': "Discusses the motives and ideologies behind the tobacco industry's actions, including the ruthless pursuit of success and indifference towards customers, while highlighting the impact of anti-tobacco efforts in saving lives.", 'duration': 96.734, 'highlights': ['The tobacco industry prioritizes financial gain over the well-being of its customers, revealing a stark indifference towards their clientele and emphasizing profit as the driving force behind their actions.', 'The ruthless pursuit of success within the tobacco industry fosters a culture where individuals willing to prioritize profit over ethical considerations ascend to leadership positions, perpetuating a cycle that rewards such behavior.', "Anti-tobacco efforts have been recognized as instrumental in saving lives, with the speaker's contributions in combating big tobacco acknowledged as more impactful than surgical interventions in pulmonary medicine at Stanford."]}, {'end': 627.483, 'start': 526.411, 'title': "Tobacco industry's targeting and business model", 'summary': "Highlights the tobacco industry's targeting of vulnerable groups like young adults, women, homeless, and homosexuals, as well as the unethical business model that regards customers as 'scum' and the enormous salaries of tobacco executives.", 'duration': 101.072, 'highlights': ["The tobacco industry targets vulnerable groups like young adults, women, homeless, and homosexuals, exemplified by Reynolds' 'Project SCUM' in San Francisco (quantifiable data: targeting specific demographics).", "Reynolds executives display an unethical business model by regarding customers as 'scum' and expressing disdain for them, as evidenced by a direct quote from a Winston executive (quantifiable data: direct quote from executive).", "Tobacco executives make tens of millions of dollars per year just in their salaries, highlighting the enormous financial gains associated with the industry (quantifiable data: executives' salaries).", 'Some tobacco companies, like Philip Morris, diversified into food production, justifying their business by producing multiple addictive and desirable products (quantifiable data: diversification into food production).']}, {'end': 739.143, 'start': 628.943, 'title': "Tobacco industry's influence", 'summary': "Highlights the tobacco industry's creation of a separate world with rewards and lies to maintain morale and support, including censorship of employee information, hiring of a statistics expert to manipulate data, and support for arts and sports.", 'duration': 110.2, 'highlights': ['The tobacco industry maintains morale through a separate world of rewards and support, including tobacco queens, princesses, sports teams, and censorship of employee information.', "They hired the author of 'How to Lie with Statistics' to write a book called 'How to Lie About Smoking with Statistics' to manipulate data.", "The tobacco industry gains legitimacy and support through universities named after tobacco executives and support for arts and sports, such as creating women's tennis as a spectator sport and having Billie Jean King join the board of directors of Philip Morris."]}], 'duration': 309.466, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8429677.jpg', 'highlights': ['Anti-tobacco efforts instrumental in saving lives, more impactful than surgical interventions at Stanford.', 'Tobacco industry targets vulnerable groups like young adults, women, homeless, and homosexuals.', "Reynolds executives display an unethical business model, regarding customers as 'scum'.", 'Tobacco executives make tens of millions of dollars per year just in their salaries.', 'Some tobacco companies, like Philip Morris, diversified into food production, justifying their business by producing multiple addictive and desirable products.', 'Tobacco industry maintains morale through rewards and support, including tobacco queens, princesses, sports teams, and censorship of employee information.', 'Tobacco industry gains legitimacy and support through universities named after tobacco executives and support for arts and sports.']}, {'end': 1136.061, 'segs': [{'end': 796.623, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 740.183, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 745.808, 'text': 'uh, she signs coupons two to one coupons for buying virginia slim cigarettes.', 'start': 740.183, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 757.077, 'text': 'so the industry is able to acquire this talent and then, through a kind of a, an application of causality, purely into the individual smoker.', 'start': 745.808, 'duration': 11.269}, {'end': 762.582, 'text': 'if you smoke, you did it to yourself, and so in a sense, we have nothing to do with it.', 'start': 757.077, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 767.987, 'text': "it's sort of the same argument Exxon is making now with carbon.", 'start': 762.582, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 770.108, 'text': "It's like, well, we just make the gas.", 'start': 768.027, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 771.609, 'text': "We don't burn the gas.", 'start': 770.188, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 773.97, 'text': "So really, we're not the problem.", 'start': 771.729, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 777.232, 'text': "It's whoever drove here in a car that burned gas.", 'start': 774.55, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 780.453, 'text': "And so there's a very interesting question.", 'start': 778.312, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 782.514, 'text': 'Who is liable??', 'start': 780.613, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 785.836, 'text': 'Who is responsible for?', 'start': 782.574, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 792.339, 'text': "is the manufacturer just immune because it's a legal product and people make the foolish decision to smoke??", 'start': 785.836, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 796.623, 'text': 'Or does the addiction play a role in the liability??', 'start': 793.3, 'duration': 3.323}], 'summary': "Discussion on liability of cigarette manufacturers and addiction's role.", 'duration': 56.44, 'max_score': 740.183, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8740183.jpg'}, {'end': 872.827, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 845.014, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 856.839, 'text': 'Flash forward 50 years, we still have 300, we still have 200-some billion cigarettes smoked in the United States every year.', 'start': 845.014, 'duration': 11.825}, {'end': 862.962, 'text': 'Globally, we still have about six trillion cigarettes smoked every year.', 'start': 858, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 866.604, 'text': "That's 350 million miles of cigarettes smoked every year.", 'start': 863.002, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 872.827, 'text': "That's enough to make a continuous chain of cigarettes from the earth to the sun and back.", 'start': 868.045, 'duration': 4.782}], 'summary': '50 years later, 300 billion cigarettes smoked annually in the us, 6 trillion globally.', 'duration': 27.813, 'max_score': 845.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8845014.jpg'}, {'end': 967.129, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 932.258, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 945.767, 'text': "wow, that's declined now to the level it was in 1940, which is about 240 billion cigarettes.", 'start': 932.258, 'duration': 13.509}, {'end': 948.675, 'text': 'Now globally, the number has increased.', 'start': 946.67, 'duration': 2.005}, {'end': 954.638, 'text': "But the perception, sorry to interrupt, but that's interesting.", 'start': 950.875, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 959.642, 'text': 'Even in the United States, the numbers, the decrease, is not as significant as I thought.', 'start': 954.718, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 967.129, 'text': 'it is because, just in my own experience with people, people speak negatively about smoking.', 'start': 959.642, 'duration': 7.487}], 'summary': 'Global cigarette consumption at 240 billion, declined to 1940 levels.', 'duration': 34.871, 'max_score': 932.258, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8932258.jpg'}, {'end': 1148.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1120.908, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1126.773, 'text': "seat belts come along, and now it's pretty normalized that you buckle up, it's pretty normalized that you don't drink,", 'start': 1120.908, 'duration': 5.865}, {'end': 1129.816, 'text': 'and so the moment you identify is is absolutely crucially important.', 'start': 1126.773, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 1136.061, 'text': 'a lot of it started in california, where there were bans on cigarettes.', 'start': 1129.816, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 1143.466, 'text': 'Some of it actually started in the computer industry, because some of the early bugs that were found on tapes in the 70s were caused by smoke.', 'start': 1136.101, 'duration': 7.365}, {'end': 1148.829, 'text': 'And some of the earliest indoor smoking bans were actually in computer rooms,', 'start': 1144.266, 'duration': 4.563}], 'summary': 'California initiated smoking bans; indoor bans started in computer rooms.', 'duration': 27.921, 'max_score': 1120.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81120908.jpg'}], 'start': 740.183, 'title': "Tobacco industry's challenges", 'summary': "Discusses the tobacco industry's liability and the battle against big tobacco, highlighting issues of responsibility and limited success in cultural shift, with parallels drawn to other industries and behaviors.", 'chapters': [{'end': 796.623, 'start': 740.183, 'title': "Tobacco industry's liability", 'summary': "Discusses the tobacco industry's ability to acquire talent and shift responsibility to individual smokers, drawing parallels to exxon's argument on carbon emissions, questioning liability and responsibility for the consequences of their products and the role of addiction.", 'duration': 56.44, 'highlights': ["The tobacco industry is able to acquire talent and shift responsibility to individual smokers, similar to Exxon's argument on carbon emissions.", 'The question of liability and responsibility for the consequences of their products is raised, considering the role of addiction and the legal status of the product.', "Exxon's argument about gas emissions and the tobacco industry's stance on smoking raise the question of who is liable and responsible for the effects of their products."]}, {'end': 1136.061, 'start': 797.043, 'title': 'The battle against big tobacco', 'summary': 'Discusses the limited success in the fight against big tobacco, with statistics showing a decline in cigarette consumption but a lack of significant cultural shift, and draws parallels with the denormalization of drinking and driving and the use of seat belts.', 'duration': 339.018, 'highlights': ['The number of cigarettes smoked per year peaked in the United States in 1981 at 640 billion and has since declined to about 240 billion, a level similar to that of 1940. Highlights the decline in cigarette consumption in the United States, indicating a significant drop from the peak in 1981 to a level comparable to that of 1940.', 'Globally, there are still about six trillion cigarettes smoked every year, indicating a lack of substantial progress on a global scale. Emphasizes the lack of significant reduction in global cigarette consumption, providing quantitative data to support the limited success in the fight against big tobacco on a global level.', 'The denormalization of drinking and driving and the use of seat belts is compared to the efforts against smoking, highlighting the importance of identifying crucial moments in changing societal norms. Draws a parallel between the denormalization of drinking and driving and the use of seat belts with the fight against smoking, underscoring the significance of recognizing pivotal moments in altering societal behaviors.']}], 'duration': 395.878, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df8740183.jpg', 'highlights': ["The tobacco industry is able to acquire talent and shift responsibility to individual smokers, similar to Exxon's argument on carbon emissions.", 'The question of liability and responsibility for the consequences of their products is raised, considering the role of addiction and the legal status of the product.', "Exxon's argument about gas emissions and the tobacco industry's stance on smoking raise the question of who is liable and responsible for the effects of their products.", 'The number of cigarettes smoked per year peaked in the United States in 1981 at 640 billion and has since declined to about 240 billion, a level similar to that of 1940.', 'Globally, there are still about six trillion cigarettes smoked every year, indicating a lack of substantial progress on a global scale.', 'The denormalization of drinking and driving and the use of seat belts is compared to the efforts against smoking, highlighting the importance of identifying crucial moments in changing societal norms.']}, {'end': 1426.936, 'segs': [{'end': 1179.323, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1136.101, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1143.466, 'text': 'Some of it actually started in the computer industry, because some of the early bugs that were found on tapes in the 70s were caused by smoke.', 'start': 1136.101, 'duration': 7.365}, {'end': 1148.829, 'text': 'And some of the earliest indoor smoking bans were actually in computer rooms,', 'start': 1144.266, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 1155.034, 'text': "which were supposed to be clean enough that the tapes wouldn't spin and get caught by some snag of soot.", 'start': 1148.829, 'duration': 6.205}, {'end': 1159.457, 'text': 'And the workers started saying wait a minute.', 'start': 1155.974, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 1163.419, 'text': 'if the smoke can hurt the tapes, Can it hurt my lungs as well?', 'start': 1159.457, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 1167.4, 'text': 'And so some of these early laws already in the late 70s, early 80s.', 'start': 1163.479, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 1169.12, 'text': 'pushing it out was a huge struggle.', 'start': 1167.4, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 1176.442, 'text': 'The tobacco industry marshaled an army of experts to say that secondhand smoke is an entirely different kind of smoke.', 'start': 1169.54, 'duration': 6.902}, {'end': 1177.502, 'text': "It can't hurt you.", 'start': 1176.542, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1179.323, 'text': 'They eventually lost that battle.', 'start': 1177.582, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Early indoor smoking bans in computer rooms due to tape damage led to later legislation against secondhand smoke in 70s and 80s, despite tobacco industry resistance.', 'duration': 43.222, 'max_score': 1136.101, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81136101.jpg'}, {'end': 1230.952, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1204.192, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1210.136, 'text': 'The tobacco industry has been a genius at manipulating and really creating the material culture of the modern world.', 'start': 1204.192, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 1223.106, 'text': "If your shirt has a pocket, that's to fit cigarettes, right? If your car has a plug in, every car that I used to have had a cigarette lighter.", 'start': 1210.817, 'duration': 12.289}, {'end': 1224.987, 'text': 'It had an ashtray.', 'start': 1223.727, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 1230.952, 'text': 'Every plane that I flew when I was a kid, when I was younger anyway, there was smoking on it originally.', 'start': 1225.408, 'duration': 5.544}], 'summary': "Tobacco industry shaped modern world's material culture with widespread smoking influence.", 'duration': 26.76, 'max_score': 1204.192, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81204192.jpg'}, {'end': 1306.611, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1277.726, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1279.607, 'text': "And by the way, that's different from drinking.", 'start': 1277.726, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1284.771, 'text': "Most people who smoke wish they didn't.", 'start': 1280.708, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 1287.193, 'text': "Most people who drink, that's not true.", 'start': 1285.572, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1288.974, 'text': "Most people who drink, they don't wish.", 'start': 1287.593, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1290.595, 'text': 'There are some addicts, you know, 5% we say.', 'start': 1289.014, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 1298.321, 'text': "but you're talking about 70, 80, 90% of people who smoke cigarettes regularly wish they did not.", 'start': 1292.674, 'duration': 5.647}, {'end': 1306.611, 'text': "And that's actually where I learned about the idea that we could get rid of cigarettes entirely was just from talking to ordinary smokers.", 'start': 1298.381, 'duration': 8.23}], 'summary': "70-90% of regular cigarette smokers wish they didn't smoke, compared to 5% of addicts who wish to quit.", 'duration': 28.885, 'max_score': 1277.726, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81277726.jpg'}, {'end': 1383.362, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1347.847, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1350.31, 'text': 'Well, the good news and I know you like good news,', 'start': 1347.847, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 1359.408, 'text': 'and I do too is that every year We have about 8 billion fewer cigarettes smoked in the United States.', 'start': 1350.31, 'duration': 9.098}, {'end': 1362.169, 'text': "So we're going in the right direction.", 'start': 1359.508, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1364.089, 'text': "We're going to solve this.", 'start': 1362.629, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 1366.59, 'text': 'Not every problem you can solve in the world.', 'start': 1364.69, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 1368.511, 'text': 'This is a very solvable problem.', 'start': 1366.63, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1373.193, 'text': "It's an enormous problem, arguably as big as COVID in certain respects.", 'start': 1368.971, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 1383.362, 'text': 'much more invisible than COVID but very solvable and actually will be solved, probably because of climate change,', 'start': 1375.237, 'duration': 8.125}], 'summary': 'About 8 billion fewer cigarettes are smoked in the us annually, indicating progress towards solving a solvable problem.', 'duration': 35.515, 'max_score': 1347.847, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81347847.jpg'}], 'start': 1136.101, 'title': 'Impact of indoor smoking bans', 'summary': 'Discusses the origin of indoor smoking bans, starting from the computer industry in the 70s and the struggle against the tobacco industry, leading to the eventual loss of the battle.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1179.323, 'start': 1136.101, 'title': 'Impact of indoor smoking bans', 'summary': 'Discusses the origin of indoor smoking bans, starting from the computer industry in the 70s and the struggle against the tobacco industry, leading to the eventual loss of the battle.', 'duration': 43.222, 'highlights': ['The earliest indoor smoking bans were in computer rooms due to the harm smoke caused to tapes, leading workers to question its impact on their own health.', 'The tobacco industry opposed the notion that secondhand smoke could harm individuals, but eventually lost the battle against indoor smoking bans.', 'Some of the early laws regarding indoor smoking bans were established in the late 70s and early 80s, signifying a significant period of struggle and opposition.', 'The tobacco industry assembled a substantial number of experts to argue that secondhand smoke is not harmful, marking a pivotal point in the fight against indoor smoking bans.']}, {'end': 1426.936, 'start': 1180.463, 'title': "Tobacco industry's influence and smoking trends", 'summary': "Discusses the tobacco industry's influence on modern culture and the significant decrease in cigarette consumption, with about 8 billion fewer cigarettes smoked in the united states each year, highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem and its potential impact on climate change.", 'duration': 246.473, 'highlights': ["The tobacco industry's manipulation of material culture, such as designing shirts with pockets for cigarettes and installing plug-ins in cars for lighters, has played a crucial role in normalizing smoking.", 'About 8 billion fewer cigarettes are smoked in the United States each year, indicating a positive trend in reducing cigarette consumption and highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem.', 'Cigarette smoking is a very solvable problem, arguably as big as COVID in certain respects, and will likely be solved due to the need to reduce carbon footprints, potentially leading to a cultural revolution.', "Most people who smoke wish they didn't, with 70-90% of regular smokers expressing a desire to quit, emphasizing the addictive nature of smoking and its distinguishable difference from alcohol consumption.", "The chapter discusses the tobacco industry's influence on modern culture and the significant decrease in cigarette consumption, highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem and its potential impact on climate change."]}], 'duration': 290.835, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/NBIYl1A_Df8/pics/NBIYl1A_Df81136101.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tobacco industry opposed the notion that secondhand smoke could harm individuals, but eventually lost the battle against indoor smoking bans.', 'The earliest indoor smoking bans were in computer rooms due to the harm smoke caused to tapes, leading workers to question its impact on their own health.', 'The tobacco industry assembled a substantial number of experts to argue that secondhand smoke is not harmful, marking a pivotal point in the fight against indoor smoking bans.', 'Some of the early laws regarding indoor smoking bans were established in the late 70s and early 80s, signifying a significant period of struggle and opposition.', "The tobacco industry's manipulation of material culture, such as designing shirts with pockets for cigarettes and installing plug-ins in cars for lighters, has played a crucial role in normalizing smoking.", 'About 8 billion fewer cigarettes are smoked in the United States each year, indicating a positive trend in reducing cigarette consumption and highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem.', "Most people who smoke wish they didn't, with 70-90% of regular smokers expressing a desire to quit, emphasizing the addictive nature of smoking and its distinguishable difference from alcohol consumption.", 'Cigarette smoking is a very solvable problem, arguably as big as COVID in certain respects, and will likely be solved due to the need to reduce carbon footprints, potentially leading to a cultural revolution.', "The chapter discusses the tobacco industry's influence on modern culture and the significant decrease in cigarette consumption, highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem and its potential impact on climate change."]}], 'highlights': ['Cigarettes have caused over 100 million deaths in the 20th century, surpassing covid-19 casualties, highlighting the urgent need for action.', "The tobacco industry's powerful and invisible influence, targeting of vulnerable groups, and unethical business model are discussed, along with the challenges faced in battling big tobacco and the impact of indoor smoking bans.", 'The lethal impact of cigarettes is compared to other deadly objects in human history, emphasizing their unparalleled threat.', 'The comparison of cigarettes to other historically deadly objects underscores their unprecedented impact and danger to human civilization.', 'The invisibility of cigarettes in public discourse is emphasized, portraying the lack of attention given to their significant death toll and the need for increased awareness.', 'The tobacco industry maintains invisibility in policy-making and wields influence through powerful agents such as senators, allowing the epidemic to continue unchecked.', 'The industry still spends many billions of dollars advertising every year, contributing to its powerful and influential status.', "The industry's efforts to maintain invisibility include curtailed anti-cigarette ads on television, which are subject to an anti-villainy clause, preventing the industry from being visible even in those ads.", 'The tobacco industry shifted its allegiance from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in the 70s and 80s, merging with Big Oil to form the Tea Party and various fronts to fight against regulation and taxation.', 'Big pharma executives may face a moral dilemma when considering producing a cure, as doing so could lead to a significant loss of revenue, highlighting the conflict between financial gain and ethical decision-making.', 'The industry uses hyper-specific targeting through effective internet and customer targeting strategies to reach its desired demographics.', 'Anti-tobacco efforts instrumental in saving lives, more impactful than surgical interventions at Stanford.', 'Tobacco industry targets vulnerable groups like young adults, women, homeless, and homosexuals.', "Reynolds executives display an unethical business model, regarding customers as 'scum'.", 'Tobacco executives make tens of millions of dollars per year just in their salaries.', 'Some tobacco companies, like Philip Morris, diversified into food production, justifying their business by producing multiple addictive and desirable products.', 'Tobacco industry maintains morale through rewards and support, including tobacco queens, princesses, sports teams, and censorship of employee information.', 'Tobacco industry gains legitimacy and support through universities named after tobacco executives and support for arts and sports.', "The tobacco industry is able to acquire talent and shift responsibility to individual smokers, similar to Exxon's argument on carbon emissions.", 'The question of liability and responsibility for the consequences of their products is raised, considering the role of addiction and the legal status of the product.', "Exxon's argument about gas emissions and the tobacco industry's stance on smoking raise the question of who is liable and responsible for the effects of their products.", 'The number of cigarettes smoked per year peaked in the United States in 1981 at 640 billion and has since declined to about 240 billion, a level similar to that of 1940.', 'Globally, there are still about six trillion cigarettes smoked every year, indicating a lack of substantial progress on a global scale.', 'The denormalization of drinking and driving and the use of seat belts is compared to the efforts against smoking, highlighting the importance of identifying crucial moments in changing societal norms.', 'The tobacco industry opposed the notion that secondhand smoke could harm individuals, but eventually lost the battle against indoor smoking bans.', 'The earliest indoor smoking bans were in computer rooms due to the harm smoke caused to tapes, leading workers to question its impact on their own health.', 'The tobacco industry assembled a substantial number of experts to argue that secondhand smoke is not harmful, marking a pivotal point in the fight against indoor smoking bans.', 'Some of the early laws regarding indoor smoking bans were established in the late 70s and early 80s, signifying a significant period of struggle and opposition.', "The tobacco industry's manipulation of material culture, such as designing shirts with pockets for cigarettes and installing plug-ins in cars for lighters, has played a crucial role in normalizing smoking.", 'About 8 billion fewer cigarettes are smoked in the United States each year, indicating a positive trend in reducing cigarette consumption and highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem.', "Most people who smoke wish they didn't, with 70-90% of regular smokers expressing a desire to quit, emphasizing the addictive nature of smoking and its distinguishable difference from alcohol consumption.", 'Cigarette smoking is a very solvable problem, arguably as big as COVID in certain respects, and will likely be solved due to the need to reduce carbon footprints, potentially leading to a cultural revolution.', "The chapter discusses the tobacco industry's influence on modern culture and the significant decrease in cigarette consumption, highlighting the solvability of the smoking problem and its potential impact on climate change."]}