title
🔥 SQL Tutorial For Beginners 2023 | SQL Full Course 2023 | SQL Tutorial 2023 | Simplilearn

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" 🔥Post Graduate Program In Data Analytics: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-data-analytics-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=SQLTutorial2022-MtYglLPSfGw&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIT Kanpur Professional Certificate Course In Data Analytics (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/iitk-professional-certificate-course-data-analytics?utm_campaign=SQLTutorial2022-MtYglLPSfGw&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Caltech Data Analytics Bootcamp(US Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/data-analytics-bootcamp?utm_campaign=SQLTutorial2022-MtYglLPSfGw&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Data Analyst Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/data-analyst-masters-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=SQLTutorial2022-MtYglLPSfGw&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube This video by Simplilearn is based on SQL Tutorial For Beginners. This SQL Full Course 2023 by Simplilearn is designed and curated in collaboration with real-time industry experts with Data analytics knowledge and expertise. PL/SQL is a procedural language developed especially to enhance the caliber of SQL statements without altering the original SQL syntax. SQL program units are compiled by the Oracle Database server and stored inside the database. Topics we will be covering:- 0:00:00 SQL Tutorial For Beginners 0:00:25 Introduction to SQL 0:03:32 What is SQL Tutorial? 0:15.33 What is DBMS? 0:32:30 Installation of MySQL on PC 0:40:10 SQL Syntax, Data types, Commands 1:00:32 What are SQL Operators? 1:23:15 What are SQL Expressions? 1:34:02 How to create a database in MySQL? 1:40:44 What is SQL Table Tutorial? 1:57:39 SQL Select Statement tutorial 2:19:41 What is SQL Clause? 2:44:29 SQL Insert Statement tutorial 2:53:48 SQL Update Statement tutorial 3:01:12 SQL Delete Statement tutorial 3:10:21 What is SQL Join? 3:51:37 What are Keys in SQL? 4:04:53 What are Aggregate Functions? 4:21:12 What are Scalar Functions? 4:37:10 SQL Group by and Order by 4:57:08 How to use Where Clause in SQL? 5:01:24 SQL Where vs Having Clause 5:21:15 What are Subqueries? 5:31:27 How to Create a user defined Function in SQL? 5:42:51 What is Commit and Rollback in SQL? 5:58:35 SQL Like Clause Tutorial 6:11:52 How to find Nth highest Salary? 6:25:58 WebSQL Tutorial 6:41:00 Cast and Convert Function in SQL 6:57:21 What is View In SQL? 7:17:03 SQL Interview Questions for Beginners ✅Subscribe to our Channel to learn more about the top Technologies: ⏩ Check out the Design Thinking training videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFq1pgli0OQ&list=PLEiEAq2VkUUKL3yPbn8yWnatjUg0P0I-Z #SQLTutorialForBeginners #SQLFullCourse #SQLCourseForBeginners #SQL #LearnSQLForBeginners #SQLForBeginners #SQLTutorial #SQLCourse #SQLTraining #SQLStructuredQueryLanguage #Simplilearn What is SQL? SQL stands from Structured Query Language. It is used to communicate with several relational databases such as MySQL, Oracle and MS SQL Server. Using SQL queries, you can fetch, update, delete and manipulate data that is stored in the form of rows and columns. You can also permit users to perform specific tasks on tables, procedures, and views. SQL commands are divided into different types, such as data manipulation language (DML), data definition language (DDL), transaction control language (TCL), and data query language (DQL). ➡️ About Post Graduate Program In Data Analytics This Data Analytics Program is ideal for all working professionals and prior programming knowledge is not required. It covers topics like data analysis, data visualization, regression techniques, and supervised learning in-depth via our applied learning model with live sessions by leading practitioners and industry projects. ✅ Key Features - Post Graduate Program certificate and Alumni Association membership - Exclusive hackathons and Ask me Anything sessions by IBM - 8X higher live interaction in live online classes by industry experts - Capstone from 3 domains and 14+ Data Analytics Projects with Industry datasets from Google PlayStore, Lyft, World Bank etc. - Master Classes delivered by Purdue faculty and IBM experts - Simplilearn's JobAssist helps you get noticed by top hiring companies - Resume preparation and LinkedIn profile building - 1:1 mock interview - Career accelerator webinars ✅ Skills Covered - Data Analytics - Statistical Analysis using Excel - Data Analysis Python and R - Data Visualization Tableau and Power BI - Linear and logistic regression modules - Clustering using kmeans - Supervised Learning 👉 Learn More at: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-data-analytics-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=SQLTutorial2022-MtYglLPSfGw&utm_medium=Description&utm_source=youtube 🔥🔥 Interested in Attending Live Classes? Call Us: IN - 18002127688 / US - +18445327688"

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{'title': '🔥 SQL Tutorial For Beginners 2023 | SQL Full Course 2023 | SQL Tutorial 2023 | Simplilearn', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1731.147, 'start': 1152.318, 'weight': 0.748}, {'end': 2592.958, 'start': 2008.976, 'weight': 0.769}, {'end': 3167.772, 'start': 2875.719, 'weight': 0.74}], 'summary': 'This sql tutorial provides a comprehensive full course covering sql basics, practical examples, and various concepts, including understanding databases and dbms architecture, sql fundamentals, data operations, joins, keys, functions, operators, and websql database operations with practical applications and syntax examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 194.457, 'segs': [{'end': 96.715, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 64.132, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 69.977, 'text': 'SQL is a powerful and dependable tool for extracting relevant and useful data from large datasets.', 'start': 64.132, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 76.122, 'text': 'While SQL has traditionally been the domain of highly trained data analysts and programmers,', 'start': 70.578, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 81.127, 'text': 'it is gaining a lot of popularity nowadays among non-technical professionals as well.', 'start': 76.122, 'duration': 5.005}, {'end': 88.139, 'text': 'Also looking at the job opportunities, we can see an enormous demand for SQL developers across the globe right now.', 'start': 81.747, 'duration': 6.392}, {'end': 96.715, 'text': 'From finance to tech companies, consulting to e-commerce companies, it is quite evident that SQL is the most in-demand skill right now.', 'start': 88.749, 'duration': 7.966}], 'summary': 'Sql is in high demand across industries with enormous job opportunities.', 'duration': 32.583, 'max_score': 64.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw64132.jpg'}, {'end': 181.338, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 149.637, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 153.3, 'text': "And then we'll see how to install MySQL Workbench on your system.", 'start': 149.637, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 157.883, 'text': "Followed by that, we'll understand different types of SQL commands.", 'start': 153.86, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 165.628, 'text': "and followed by that, we'll discuss some of the major concepts in sql, like operators and expressions, as well as clauses,", 'start': 158.684, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 172.913, 'text': 'and see their syntaxes and how they are executed in sql with practical examples in mysql workbench next up,', 'start': 165.628, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 181.338, 'text': "we'll discuss what are joints in sql and take a quick look at different types of sql joints with examples as well.", 'start': 172.913, 'duration': 8.425}], 'summary': 'Learn mysql workbench installation and sql commands with practical examples and joint types.', 'duration': 31.701, 'max_score': 149.637, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw149637.jpg'}], 'start': 26.567, 'title': 'Sql full course tutorial', 'summary': 'Highlights the significance of sql in the technology domain, its relevance in the job market, and its in-demand status, presenting a full course tutorial covering sql basics, practical examples, and various concepts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 194.457, 'start': 26.567, 'title': 'Sql full course tutorial', 'summary': 'Highlights the significance of sql in the technology domain, its relevance in the job market, and its in-demand status, presenting a full course tutorial covering sql basics, practical examples, and various concepts.', 'duration': 167.89, 'highlights': ['SQL is highly significant today as companies across the world are gathering massive amounts of data for their growth, and it consistently ranks high in the most requested tech skills. SQL is crucial due to the increasing data needs of companies and its high demand in the tech skills market.', 'There is an enormous demand for SQL developers across the globe right now, with job opportunities in finance, tech, consulting, and e-commerce companies. SQL developers are in high demand globally, especially in finance, tech, consulting, and e-commerce sectors.', 'The tutorial covers SQL basics, practical examples, and various concepts, offering theoretical knowledge as well as practical use cases for beginners. The full course tutorial provides comprehensive coverage of SQL basics, practical examples, and various concepts, catering to beginners.']}], 'duration': 167.89, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26567.jpg', 'highlights': ['SQL is crucial due to the increasing data needs of companies and its high demand in the tech skills market.', 'SQL developers are in high demand globally, especially in finance, tech, consulting, and e-commerce sectors.', 'The full course tutorial provides comprehensive coverage of SQL basics, practical examples, and various concepts, catering to beginners.']}, {'end': 1922.088, 'segs': [{'end': 760.403, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 736.189, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 743.233, 'text': 'SQL is efficient in retrieving vast amount of data using simple queries, and also it is portable as well,', 'start': 736.189, 'duration': 7.044}, {'end': 749.837, 'text': 'which means you can perform all these operations at your home or your workplace through your laptops and PCs.', 'start': 743.233, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 760.403, 'text': 'Disadvantages of SQL There are two sides to every coin and similarly SQL also has few advantages which are not that significant.', 'start': 752.018, 'duration': 8.385}], 'summary': 'Sql efficiently retrieves vast data using simple queries, portable for home or workplace, with minimal disadvantages.', 'duration': 24.214, 'max_score': 736.189, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw736189.jpg'}, {'end': 1731.147, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1152.318, 'weight': 0.748, 'content': [{'end': 1158.86, 'text': 'The database architecture has mainly three levels and hence it is also called as the three level architecture as well.', 'start': 1152.318, 'duration': 6.542}, {'end': 1161.26, 'text': 'The first one is physical schema.', 'start': 1159.54, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 1164.481, 'text': 'It is the lowest level of database architecture.', 'start': 1162.18, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 1167.982, 'text': 'It is also called the internal level of the database schema.', 'start': 1164.901, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 1171.923, 'text': 'Internal level is the physical representation of the database.', 'start': 1168.742, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 1176.244, 'text': 'That means it describes how the data is stored in the database.', 'start': 1172.483, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 1179.185, 'text': 'logical schema.', 'start': 1178.365, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 1186.129, 'text': 'It is also called the conceptual or logical level and it is at a higher level than the physical level.', 'start': 1179.606, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 1195.974, 'text': 'This level basically represents the community view of the database and describes what data is stored within the database and the relationship among the data.', 'start': 1186.949, 'duration': 9.025}, {'end': 1198.667, 'text': 'External schema.', 'start': 1197.907, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 1203.17, 'text': 'This is the highest level in the three level architecture and closest to the user.', 'start': 1199.188, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 1205.031, 'text': 'It is also known as the view level.', 'start': 1203.59, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 1213.095, 'text': 'The external level only shows the relevant database content to the users in the form of view and hides the rest of the data.', 'start': 1205.731, 'duration': 7.364}, {'end': 1217.597, 'text': 'There may be a number of external views for database for different users.', 'start': 1213.815, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1222.24, 'text': 'Types of DBMS architecture.', 'start': 1220.799, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 1225.878, 'text': 'There are three different types of DBMS architecture.', 'start': 1223.516, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 1233.222, 'text': 'The first one is single or one-tier architecture, two-tier architecture, and finally three-tier architecture.', 'start': 1226.218, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 1239.226, 'text': 'Single-tier architecture in DBMS is the simplest architecture of database.', 'start': 1235.604, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 1243.749, 'text': 'In this architecture, the database is directly available to the user.', 'start': 1240.007, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 1247.432, 'text': 'The user can directly access and use the database.', 'start': 1244.27, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 1252.424, 'text': "For example, let's imagine you want to get all the employee records from the database.", 'start': 1248.203, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 1257.006, 'text': 'For that, you can directly communicate with the database from your computer itself.', 'start': 1252.885, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 1261.368, 'text': 'This is why this architecture is also known as local database system.', 'start': 1257.606, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 1265.489, 'text': 'Two-tier architecture.', 'start': 1264.549, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1273.252, 'text': 'In two-tier architecture, the database system is located on the server machine and the DBMS application is present on the client level.', 'start': 1265.909, 'duration': 7.343}, {'end': 1276.848, 'text': 'These two are linked via a reliable network.', 'start': 1274.226, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 1283.052, 'text': 'The two-tier DBMS architecture is used when we wish to access the DBMS with the help of an application.', 'start': 1277.328, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 1285.773, 'text': 'Three-tier architecture.', 'start': 1284.813, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1291.137, 'text': 'This is an extension to two-tier architecture and also the most widely used DBMS architecture.', 'start': 1286.494, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 1298.141, 'text': 'It is similar to this two-tier architecture only, but there is another separate layer known as application server,', 'start': 1291.617, 'duration': 6.524}, {'end': 1300.003, 'text': 'between the database server and the client.', 'start': 1298.141, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 1307.669, 'text': "In this architecture, the client application doesn't communicate directly with the database system present at the server machine.", 'start': 1300.922, 'duration': 6.747}, {'end': 1317.6, 'text': 'Instead, the client application communicates with the server application and then internally communicates with the database system present at the server.', 'start': 1308.37, 'duration': 9.23}, {'end': 1321.204, 'text': 'Data models in DBMS.', 'start': 1319.902, 'duration': 1.302}, {'end': 1328.417, 'text': 'Data model defines how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.', 'start': 1322.492, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 1333.522, 'text': 'It also defines the logical structure and design of data in DBMS.', 'start': 1328.998, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 1337.365, 'text': 'Data models are broadly classified into four types.', 'start': 1334.863, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1339.768, 'text': 'The first one is hierarchical model.', 'start': 1338.046, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 1342.69, 'text': 'It was one of the first DBMS models ever used.', 'start': 1340.368, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 1348.596, 'text': 'In this model, data is organized in tree-like structure and connected to each other by links.', 'start': 1343.231, 'duration': 5.365}, {'end': 1350.789, 'text': 'The next one is network model.', 'start': 1349.588, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1352.97, 'text': 'It is an extension to hierarchical model.', 'start': 1351.109, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 1359.875, 'text': 'It can represent complex data relationships using graph like structure where the data can have many to many relationships.', 'start': 1353.351, 'duration': 6.524}, {'end': 1363.437, 'text': 'The next one is entity relationship model.', 'start': 1361.476, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1369.041, 'text': 'In this model, we represent real life entities in a pictorial form using different shapes.', 'start': 1363.998, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 1372.243, 'text': 'Finally, relational model.', 'start': 1370.622, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1374.765, 'text': 'It is one of the most commonly used models.', 'start': 1372.644, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 1377.467, 'text': 'It represents the data in the form of tables.', 'start': 1375.285, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 1386.727, 'text': 'What is RDBMS? Let us now discuss one of the most popular data models in DBMS, which is RDBMS.', 'start': 1380.182, 'duration': 6.545}, {'end': 1391.37, 'text': 'RDBMS starts for relational database management system.', 'start': 1387.648, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 1398.236, 'text': 'All the modern DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server are based on RDBMS only.', 'start': 1392.151, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 1404.901, 'text': 'RDBMS stores the data in the form of tables, which is basically a collection of related data.', 'start': 1399.316, 'duration': 5.585}, {'end': 1408.824, 'text': 'This data is organized in the form of rows and columns.', 'start': 1405.521, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 1415.781, 'text': 'The data that is placed horizontally in table is known as the row and the vertical arrangement of data is known as columns.', 'start': 1409.997, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 1421.624, 'text': 'Field, every table is broken up into smaller entities called fields.', 'start': 1417.502, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 1429.169, 'text': 'Fields in the employee table are employee ID, employee name, job, department number and salary.', 'start': 1422.145, 'duration': 7.024}, {'end': 1432.431, 'text': 'RDBMS versus DBMS.', 'start': 1431.03, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 1436.254, 'text': 'Let us now understand the difference between RDBMS and DBMS.', 'start': 1433.132, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 1442.979, 'text': 'Though both of them are used to store physical data in the databases, there are some differences between them as well.', 'start': 1437.037, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 1454.462, 'text': 'RDBMS stores data in tabular form whereas DBMS stores data in individual files for an application like XML or JSON format etc.', 'start': 1444.819, 'duration': 9.643}, {'end': 1463.505, 'text': 'RDBMS deals with vast amount of data whereas DBMS is designed to handle small amounts of data and is meant for small organizations.', 'start': 1455.603, 'duration': 7.902}, {'end': 1467.449, 'text': 'RDBMS can support multiple users.', 'start': 1465.228, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 1471.052, 'text': 'On the other hand, DBMS is limited to a single user.', 'start': 1467.83, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 1481.038, 'text': 'RDBMS also supports distributed databases wherein you can manage and have the access for multiple databases at the same time.', 'start': 1473.193, 'duration': 7.845}, {'end': 1485.36, 'text': 'Whereas DBMS do not offer the support for distributed databases.', 'start': 1481.658, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 1488.862, 'text': 'These are some differences between RDBMS and DBMS.', 'start': 1486.221, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 1492.424, 'text': 'Types of keys in DBMS.', 'start': 1491.164, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 1495.854, 'text': 'Keys play an important role in relational databases.', 'start': 1493.533, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1498.976, 'text': 'They are used to establish a relationship between the tables.', 'start': 1496.195, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1502.919, 'text': 'It is used to fetch information from one or more rows in a table.', 'start': 1499.597, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 1507.822, 'text': 'In DBMS, there are several keys which are almost interrelated to each other.', 'start': 1503.859, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 1511.985, 'text': "But we'll look at some important and most used keys in RDBMS.", 'start': 1508.262, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 1514.126, 'text': 'The first one is primary key.', 'start': 1512.765, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 1518.929, 'text': 'It is one of the main key that uniquely identifies every row in a table.', 'start': 1514.946, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 1520.624, 'text': 'Super key.', 'start': 1520.123, 'duration': 0.501}, {'end': 1527.651, 'text': 'Super key contains additional or other sets of attributes that can uniquely identify a row within the table.', 'start': 1521.124, 'duration': 6.527}, {'end': 1529.733, 'text': 'Candidate key.', 'start': 1529.092, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 1533.336, 'text': 'Candidate key are selected from the set of super keys.', 'start': 1530.413, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 1537.3, 'text': "The only difference is it shouldn't have repeated attributes.", 'start': 1533.777, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 1539.843, 'text': 'Hence it is also called as minimal super key.', 'start': 1537.701, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 1546.769, 'text': 'Foreign key, it is used to create a relationship between two tables with the help of an already existing table.', 'start': 1541.348, 'duration': 5.421}, {'end': 1550.45, 'text': 'Basically, it acts as a cross-reference between two tables.', 'start': 1547.389, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 1554.791, 'text': 'Let us understand these keys with an example.', 'start': 1552.83, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1565.633, 'text': 'Let us consider a table called employee which has different fields, like employee ID, employee name, job role, department number, PAN number,', 'start': 1555.811, 'duration': 9.822}, {'end': 1569.874, 'text': 'Aadhar number, universal identification number, which is UAN.', 'start': 1565.633, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 1578.657, 'text': 'Now for the employee table, we can take employee ID column as a primary key because it uniquely identifies each record in the table.', 'start': 1571.294, 'duration': 7.363}, {'end': 1590.863, 'text': 'The super key can be PAN number, ADA number or even UN, because two employees can have the same name and by definition,', 'start': 1580.558, 'duration': 10.305}, {'end': 1598.766, 'text': 'a super key is a set of different attributes which can uniquely identify the table, and hence different employees have different PAN number,', 'start': 1590.863, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 1600.107, 'text': 'ADA number and UN as well.', 'start': 1598.766, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 1605.859, 'text': 'Candidate key can be taken from either of these three super keys which we have taken earlier.', 'start': 1601.653, 'duration': 4.206}, {'end': 1610.766, 'text': 'Except for the primary key employee ID, other attributes can be candidate keys.', 'start': 1606.5, 'duration': 4.266}, {'end': 1614.211, 'text': 'So I have taken UAN as the candidate key for this table.', 'start': 1611.487, 'duration': 2.724}, {'end': 1620.484, 'text': 'Now each employee works in various departments and we cannot store the department name in the employee table.', 'start': 1615.003, 'duration': 5.481}, {'end': 1624.965, 'text': "That's why we link the already existing table, that is, the employee table,", 'start': 1621.044, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 1632.587, 'text': 'with a new table by taking the department ID as primary key and creating new attribute named department name.', 'start': 1624.965, 'duration': 7.622}, {'end': 1636.908, 'text': 'So in this case, department ID is considered as foreign key.', 'start': 1633.427, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 1647.351, 'text': 'Advantages of DBMS One of the main advantages of DBMS is it controls data redundancy.', 'start': 1641.149, 'duration': 6.202}, {'end': 1650.952, 'text': 'Redundancy means storing the same data multiple times.', 'start': 1647.971, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 1656.034, 'text': 'By having a centralized database system, unnecessary duplication of data is avoided.', 'start': 1651.593, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 1662.776, 'text': 'Data Integrity Integrity means the data in the database is accurate and consistent.', 'start': 1657.414, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 1670.599, 'text': 'DBMS ensures that the data is correct and consistent for all the users as it handles multiple databases at the same time.', 'start': 1663.336, 'duration': 7.263}, {'end': 1673.764, 'text': 'Data privacy and security.', 'start': 1672.122, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 1681.713, 'text': 'Data privacy is paramount for every user and DBMS allows only authorized users to access the data from the database.', 'start': 1674.605, 'duration': 7.108}, {'end': 1686.759, 'text': 'Hence, DBMS provides improved data security under any circumstance.', 'start': 1682.394, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 1689.763, 'text': 'Data consistency.', 'start': 1688.822, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 1695.356, 'text': 'Data inconsistency occurs when the same files are located in different locations.', 'start': 1690.874, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 1704.94, 'text': 'But with DBMS, they can achieve increased data consistency because any changes in the database are immediately reflected to the user.', 'start': 1695.756, 'duration': 9.184}, {'end': 1708.081, 'text': 'Ease of sharing data.', 'start': 1707.081, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 1713.063, 'text': 'DBMS allows a user to share the data in any number of application programs.', 'start': 1708.822, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 1718.986, 'text': 'Users can also have access to the database simultaneously and share the data between themselves.', 'start': 1713.684, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 1725.982, 'text': 'Backup and Recovery DBMS takes care of recovery and backup on its own.', 'start': 1721.218, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 1731.147, 'text': 'Users are not required to take regular backups because the DBMS does it for them.', 'start': 1726.523, 'duration': 4.624}], 'summary': 'Dbms has three levels of architecture, rdbms stores data in tabular form, and dbms and rdbms have key differences.', 'duration': 578.829, 'max_score': 1152.318, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1152318.jpg'}, {'end': 1348.596, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1322.492, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1328.417, 'text': 'Data model defines how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.', 'start': 1322.492, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 1333.522, 'text': 'It also defines the logical structure and design of data in DBMS.', 'start': 1328.998, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 1337.365, 'text': 'Data models are broadly classified into four types.', 'start': 1334.863, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1339.768, 'text': 'The first one is hierarchical model.', 'start': 1338.046, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 1342.69, 'text': 'It was one of the first DBMS models ever used.', 'start': 1340.368, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 1348.596, 'text': 'In this model, data is organized in tree-like structure and connected to each other by links.', 'start': 1343.231, 'duration': 5.365}], 'summary': 'Data model organizes and connects data, with four types including hierarchical model.', 'duration': 26.104, 'max_score': 1322.492, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1322492.jpg'}, {'end': 1766.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1742.597, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1750.285, 'text': 'Disadvantages of DBMS Well, to store a huge amount of data, one needs a huge amount of space as well.', 'start': 1742.597, 'duration': 7.688}, {'end': 1755.789, 'text': 'Eventually, it requires additional hardware and software which are relatively of higher cost.', 'start': 1750.626, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 1760.932, 'text': 'And because of its constant functionality, the maintenance costs are also high as well.', 'start': 1756.249, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 1766.026, 'text': 'Complexity DBMS is an extremely complex software.', 'start': 1762.742, 'duration': 3.284}], 'summary': 'Dbms has high storage, hardware, software, and maintenance costs due to its complexity.', 'duration': 23.429, 'max_score': 1742.597, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1742597.jpg'}, {'end': 1858.736, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1820.062, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1822.664, 'text': 'Finally, let us look at some of the applications of DBMS.', 'start': 1820.062, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 1826.087, 'text': 'DBMS is widely used in various fields nowadays.', 'start': 1823.544, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 1828.791, 'text': 'Some of them are Banking.', 'start': 1826.567, 'duration': 2.224}, {'end': 1837.454, 'text': 'DBMS is used in the banking sector to store the customer information, account details, and all the transactions done on a daily basis.', 'start': 1829.431, 'duration': 8.023}, {'end': 1845.037, 'text': 'Additionally, to keep track of the loan amounts, account balance sheets, ATM and deposit records, etc.', 'start': 1838.355, 'duration': 6.682}, {'end': 1847.038, 'text': 'are maintained with the help of database.', 'start': 1845.477, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1858.736, 'text': "Education Schools and universities manage their students' information like personal details, course details, exam marks, grades, etc.", 'start': 1849.511, 'duration': 9.225}], 'summary': "Dbms is used in banking to store customer information, account details, and transactions. it's also used in education for managing student information.", 'duration': 38.674, 'max_score': 1820.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1820062.jpg'}, {'end': 1922.088, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1874.478, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1883.085, 'text': 'holdings and purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds, and it also stores real-time market data to enable online trading.', 'start': 1874.478, 'duration': 8.607}, {'end': 1894.507, 'text': 'Healthcare Hospitals and medical centers use DBMS to store the details of the patients and assist them with their diagnosis and treatment procedures.', 'start': 1885.219, 'duration': 9.288}, {'end': 1901.273, 'text': 'It also helps in maintaining patient medical record history, documents, previous bills, etc.', 'start': 1895.208, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 1907.758, 'text': 'Manufacturing Manufacturing companies make products and sell them on a daily basis.', 'start': 1902.995, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 1913.963, 'text': 'To manage the supply chain and track the production of items in factories and warehouses.', 'start': 1908.359, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 1920.967, 'text': 'maintain records of all details of the product, like number of orders, purchases, bill amounts, etc.', 'start': 1913.963, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 1922.088, 'text': 'We use DBMS.', 'start': 1921.207, 'duration': 0.881}], 'summary': 'Dbms used in finance, healthcare, and manufacturing for storing data and managing operations.', 'duration': 47.61, 'max_score': 1874.478, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1874478.jpg'}], 'start': 195.197, 'title': 'Understanding databases and dbms architecture', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of databases, compares sql and nosql, explores the need for databases, limitations of traditional file systems, advantages and disadvantages of sql, its real-life applications, components of dbms, dbms architecture, types, and its applications in various sectors.', 'chapters': [{'end': 295.388, 'start': 195.197, 'title': 'Understanding databases: sql, nosql, and subqueries', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of databases in storing and managing data, compares sql and nosql languages, and explores the need for databases as technology advanced, leading to their existence in the 1970s.', 'duration': 100.191, 'highlights': ["Databases are crucial in storing and managing data in today's world, such as work-related data, bank account details, and passwords. Data in everyday lives plays a vital role and requires secure and organized storage.", 'Popular databases include MySQL, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL. Various open source and commercially available databases cater to different needs and preferences.', 'The need for databases arose as technology advanced, making it difficult for computers to handle increasing files and growing data volumes. Advancements in technology led to the need for databases to efficiently manage growing data volume and number of files.']}, {'end': 686.181, 'start': 296.369, 'title': 'Sql and traditional file systems', 'summary': 'Discusses the limitations of traditional file systems, the history and features of sql, and how sql works, with sql being a demanding skill with the latest version released in 2019 by microsoft.', 'duration': 389.812, 'highlights': ['History of SQL Dr. Codd and Donald Chamberlain proposed SQL in 1970, and it was publicly available by 1974, later standardized by ANSI in 1986, with the latest version released in 2019 by Microsoft.', 'Features of SQL SQL is a demanding skill, used to define database schema, manipulate data, and handle large records efficiently, with the flexibility to use simple English words in queries.', 'Types of SQL Commands SQL commands are classified into DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL, each serving specific functions such as defining tables, manipulating data, maintaining security, and controlling transactions.', 'Limitations of Traditional File System Traditional file systems cause data redundancy, inconsistency, isolation, limited data access, and security issues, leading to the need for a database managed by a database management system.']}, {'end': 1124.458, 'start': 687.773, 'title': 'Sql and dbms overview', 'summary': 'Covers the advantages and disadvantages of sql, its real-life applications, and the components of dbms, highlighting its widespread use, efficiency in data retrieval, and impact on various sectors including education, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance.', 'duration': 436.685, 'highlights': ['SQL is widely used in various sectors such as education, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance, and by big tech companies like Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, and Facebook. SQL is extensively used in sectors like education, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance, and by big tech companies like Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, and Facebook.', 'SQL provides high speed and faster query processing for efficient retrieval of vast amounts of data using simple queries. SQL provides high speed and faster query processing for efficient retrieval of vast amounts of data using simple queries.', 'DBMS manages large volumes of database efficiently and effectively, ensuring data availability whenever and wherever needed. DBMS manages large volumes of database efficiently and effectively, ensuring data availability whenever and wherever needed.', 'SQL is open source, straightforward to implement, and provides the user with multiple views of their content stored in the database. SQL is open source, straightforward to implement, and provides the user with multiple views of their content stored in the database.']}, {'end': 1922.088, 'start': 1127.601, 'title': 'Dbms architecture and types', 'summary': 'Explains the three levels of dbms architecture, including physical schema, logical schema, and external schema, and discusses the three types of dbms architecture, data models, rdbms, keys in dbms, advantages and disadvantages of dbms, and its applications in various fields.', 'duration': 794.487, 'highlights': ['Types of DBMS architecture The three types of DBMS architecture are single or one-tier architecture, two-tier architecture, and three-tier architecture, with three-tier architecture being the most widely used.', 'Data models in DBMS The data models in DBMS are hierarchical model, network model, entity relationship model, and relational model, with relational model being one of the most commonly used models.', 'RDBMS RDBMS, based on relational model, is used by modern DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server, storing data in the form of tables and organizing it in rows and columns.', 'Types of keys in DBMS Important keys in DBMS include primary key, super key, candidate key, and foreign key, which are used to establish relationships between tables and fetch information.', 'Advantages of DBMS DBMS controls data redundancy, ensures data integrity, privacy and security, data consistency, ease of sharing data, and provides backup and recovery.', 'Disadvantages of DBMS Disadvantages of DBMS include high cost for hardware and software, complexity, speed and performance issues, increased vulnerability, and maintenance costs.', 'Applications of DBMS DBMS is widely used in banking, education, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing to store and manage customer information, financial data, patient details, and production records.']}], 'duration': 1726.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw195197.jpg', 'highlights': ["Databases are crucial in storing and managing data in today's world, such as work-related data, bank account details, and passwords.", 'Popular databases include MySQL, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.', 'The need for databases arose as technology advanced, making it difficult for computers to handle increasing files and growing data volumes.', 'SQL is widely used in various sectors such as education, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance, and by big tech companies like Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, and Facebook.', 'SQL provides high speed and faster query processing for efficient retrieval of vast amounts of data using simple queries.', 'DBMS manages large volumes of database efficiently and effectively, ensuring data availability whenever and wherever needed.', 'Types of DBMS architecture The three types of DBMS architecture are single or one-tier architecture, two-tier architecture, and three-tier architecture, with three-tier architecture being the most widely used.', 'Data models in DBMS The data models in DBMS are hierarchical model, network model, entity relationship model, and relational model, with relational model being one of the most commonly used models.', 'RDBMS, based on relational model, is used by modern DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server, storing data in the form of tables and organizing it in rows and columns.', 'Advantages of DBMS DBMS controls data redundancy, ensures data integrity, privacy and security, data consistency, ease of sharing data, and provides backup and recovery.', 'Disadvantages of DBMS Disadvantages of DBMS include high cost for hardware and software, complexity, speed and performance issues, increased vulnerability, and maintenance costs.', 'Applications of DBMS DBMS is widely used in banking, education, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing to store and manage customer information, financial data, patient details, and production records.']}, {'end': 5410.381, 'segs': [{'end': 2592.958, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2008.976, 'weight': 0.769, 'content': [{'end': 2016.161, 'text': 'I will find this page where you will have login and sign up for the Oracle account.', 'start': 2008.976, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 2018.323, 'text': 'for time being, just ignore that and click on.', 'start': 2016.161, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 2019.644, 'text': 'no thanks, just start my download.', 'start': 2018.323, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 2028.958, 'text': "save it on your system once it's downloaded.", 'start': 2022.492, 'duration': 6.466}, {'end': 2030.979, 'text': 'open the file.', 'start': 2028.958, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2032.481, 'text': 'give all the necessary permissions.', 'start': 2030.979, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 2050.248, 'text': "Now you'll find a setup page where you'll have different options, such as developer, server, client, full and custom.", 'start': 2042.864, 'duration': 7.384}, {'end': 2054.85, 'text': "We'll choose custom because we want MySQL Workbench and MySQL Shell.", 'start': 2050.967, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 2056.11, 'text': 'So click on next.', 'start': 2055.27, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 2061.339, 'text': 'Now we have to select the products which we want to install on our system.', 'start': 2058.257, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 2066.103, 'text': 'You can find MySQL Server, click on that and expand it.', 'start': 2062.92, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 2069.505, 'text': "You'll find MySQL Server 8.0, click on that.", 'start': 2066.623, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 2075.831, 'text': "You'll find the latest version of it, click on that and select the arrow and send it to the other side.", 'start': 2070.025, 'duration': 5.806}, {'end': 2080.435, 'text': "Now scroll down a bit and you'll find applications, click on that.", 'start': 2076.632, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 2082.937, 'text': 'You can see MySQL Workbench.', 'start': 2081.416, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 2087.264, 'text': 'expand it and you will find the latest version of it as well.', 'start': 2084.342, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 2091.445, 'text': 'click on that and click on the arrow and send it to the other side.', 'start': 2087.264, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 2094.826, 'text': 'scroll down a bit and you will find mysql shell as well.', 'start': 2091.445, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 2101.169, 'text': 'click on that, expand it, select the latest version, click the arrow and send it to the other side.', 'start': 2094.826, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 2105.75, 'text': 'now we are good to go and click on next.', 'start': 2101.169, 'duration': 4.581}, {'end': 2109.391, 'text': 'now it will ask for the path where you want to install all these files.', 'start': 2105.75, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 2111.172, 'text': 'we are saving this on our C drive.', 'start': 2109.391, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 2119.117, 'text': 'just check all the necessary parts and click on next.', 'start': 2112.273, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 2121.539, 'text': 'now all the three products are ready to download.', 'start': 2119.117, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 2125.761, 'text': 'click on execute again.', 'start': 2121.539, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 2133.466, 'text': "now, depending upon your internet speed, this may take a while, so don't worry, just sit back and wait for it to get downloaded.", 'start': 2125.761, 'duration': 7.705}, {'end': 2136.167, 'text': 'you can see all the three are successfully downloaded.', 'start': 2133.466, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 2137.848, 'text': 'click on next.', 'start': 2136.167, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2139.769, 'text': 'now we need to install all the three products.', 'start': 2137.848, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 2140.59, 'text': 'click on execute,', 'start': 2139.769, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 2149.646, 'text': 'So you can do the installation process simultaneously with me or just take a note of it and perform it later as well on your PCs and laptop.', 'start': 2141.761, 'duration': 7.885}, {'end': 2153.728, 'text': "This might take a while so we'll wait for it to get installed.", 'start': 2150.566, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 2158.251, 'text': 'As you can see all the three of them are successfully installed.', 'start': 2155.209, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 2159.251, 'text': 'Click on next.', 'start': 2158.591, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 2161.833, 'text': 'Click on next again.', 'start': 2161.072, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 2165.018, 'text': 'Now you will find the server configuration type.', 'start': 2163.217, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 2167.838, 'text': 'You will find different port number and protocol port.', 'start': 2165.218, 'duration': 2.62}, {'end': 2171.46, 'text': 'Just leave as it is because it is set by default by the system.', 'start': 2168.219, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 2172.68, 'text': 'Click on next.', 'start': 2172.02, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 2175.241, 'text': 'Now you will have the authentication method.', 'start': 2172.7, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2176.901, 'text': 'You will be provided with two options.', 'start': 2175.401, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 2180.202, 'text': 'We will choose the recommended one which is given by the system.', 'start': 2176.921, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 2181.863, 'text': 'Click on next again.', 'start': 2181.123, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 2185.015, 'text': 'Now we have to set a root password.', 'start': 2183.035, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 2193.277, 'text': 'So by the way guys the root is basically the default user which will have who will have the access to all the files and programs.', 'start': 2185.696, 'duration': 7.581}, {'end': 2203.079, 'text': "So enter a password of your own choice and make sure you take a note of it because we'll have to use it at a later stage.", 'start': 2193.977, 'duration': 9.102}, {'end': 2206.9, 'text': 'And also by logging into the MySQL server you will use the same password.', 'start': 2203.359, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 2208.58, 'text': 'So click on check.', 'start': 2207.68, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 2224.7, 'text': "So as you can see there's a blue tick mark which means it's verified.", 'start': 2221.877, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 2227.042, 'text': 'So you can go ahead click on next.', 'start': 2225.38, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 2230.906, 'text': "Now you'll find the Windows service which is the standard system account.", 'start': 2227.963, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 2233.088, 'text': 'Choose that and click next.', 'start': 2231.566, 'duration': 1.522}, {'end': 2238.052, 'text': 'Now you have to apply all the configuration for the system files.', 'start': 2234.169, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 2240.274, 'text': 'For that just click on execute.', 'start': 2238.713, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 2244.919, 'text': 'And the system will automatically configure itself.', 'start': 2242.016, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 2262.129, 'text': "So this might take a while, so we'll wait for it to complete.", 'start': 2259.448, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 2266.932, 'text': 'As you can see, all the files are successfully configured.', 'start': 2263.89, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 2268.213, 'text': 'Click on Finish.', 'start': 2267.432, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 2270.154, 'text': 'Click on Next.', 'start': 2269.494, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 2278.118, 'text': 'So once you click on Finish, MySQL Workbench and MySQL Shell will automatically launch.', 'start': 2271.735, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 2284.022, 'text': 'So Workbench and Shell are started in the background.', 'start': 2280.8, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 2287.684, 'text': "As you can see, there's a local instant MySQL 80.", 'start': 2285.002, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 2288.244, 'text': 'Click on that.', 'start': 2287.684, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 2293.006, 'text': 'Now it will ask you to enter the password which you have set earlier.', 'start': 2290.35, 'duration': 2.656}, {'end': 2293.61, 'text': 'Click on that.', 'start': 2293.066, 'duration': 0.544}, {'end': 2300.547, 'text': "So that's it guys.", 'start': 2299.386, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2304.209, 'text': 'We have successfully installed MySQL Workbench on our system.', 'start': 2300.647, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 2310.714, 'text': "But before you get started, there's another little process that we are left behind with.", 'start': 2304.79, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 2317.178, 'text': 'Now you have to connect all the files and packages to the server before you start working on the tables.', 'start': 2312.095, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 2321.381, 'text': 'So for that, we need to locate where the MySQL files are stored.', 'start': 2317.819, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 2323.383, 'text': "For that, we'll go to File Manager.", 'start': 2321.902, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2340.337, 'text': 'Since we have saved the files on local disk C, click on C drive, go to program files, click on MySQL, open MySQL server 8.0, click on bin.', 'start': 2325.011, 'duration': 15.326}, {'end': 2344.238, 'text': 'Now, these are all the files and packages that you have to connect to the server.', 'start': 2341.137, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 2353.142, 'text': 'For that, double click on location path, copy the whole address, and open command prompt.', 'start': 2344.899, 'duration': 8.243}, {'end': 2366.617, 'text': 'On the command prompt you will have to type cd that is the current directory and paste the address that you have copied earlier and click enter.', 'start': 2357.492, 'duration': 9.125}, {'end': 2375.222, 'text': 'Now type mysql space myu root minus p.', 'start': 2366.637, 'duration': 8.585}, {'end': 2380.325, 'text': 'Here minus u is the user which is the root user which we have taken minus p is the password.', 'start': 2375.222, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 2381.705, 'text': 'Click on enter.', 'start': 2380.865, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 2384.927, 'text': 'Now it will ask you to enter the password that you have set earlier.', 'start': 2381.725, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 2386.188, 'text': 'Type the same.', 'start': 2385.588, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 2398.238, 'text': "So if you find what you're seeing in my system, that is, Oracle is registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and all this thing,", 'start': 2391.175, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 2407.141, 'text': "that means you've successfully downloaded and installed all the files and packages into the MySQL server and you're good to go and start working on your tables right away.", 'start': 2398.238, 'duration': 8.903}, {'end': 2416.403, 'text': 'What is SQL syntax? Just like other programming languages, SQL follows a unique set of rules and guidelines called syntax.', 'start': 2408.68, 'duration': 7.723}, {'end': 2421.705, 'text': 'We use simple English words in the SQL syntax in order to execute various queries.', 'start': 2417.043, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 2425.766, 'text': 'SQL syntax is by default case insensitive.', 'start': 2423.005, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 2431.529, 'text': 'That means the system allows the user to write the queries in both uppercase as well as lowercase.', 'start': 2426.167, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 2437.811, 'text': "But if you're working with MySQL server, then you need to give table names exactly as they exist in the database.", 'start': 2432.169, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 2444.614, 'text': 'We know that RDBMS is the basis for all modern database systems, including SQL,', 'start': 2439.551, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 2451.779, 'text': 'which manages and performs various operations on the tables like insert, update, modify and delete.', 'start': 2444.614, 'duration': 7.165}, {'end': 2457.643, 'text': 'So, in order to retrieve the data stored in the database, it is necessary to learn SQL syntax first.', 'start': 2452.419, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 2464.135, 'text': 'Before we move ahead with the topic, if you want to learn more about the basics of DBMS and SQL,', 'start': 2458.567, 'duration': 5.568}, {'end': 2469.463, 'text': 'make sure you check out our previous playlist videos on introduction to DBMS and SQL on our channel.', 'start': 2464.135, 'duration': 5.328}, {'end': 2471.666, 'text': "We'll leave the link in the description below.", 'start': 2470.184, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 2474.775, 'text': 'SQL expressions.', 'start': 2473.954, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 2482.26, 'text': 'SQL expression is a combination of one or more keywords and values, operators, data types and other SQL functions.', 'start': 2475.515, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 2489.045, 'text': 'These SQL expressions are like a formula, which are similar to mathematical formulas, which we generally use to solve a problem.', 'start': 2483.001, 'duration': 6.044}, {'end': 2493.269, 'text': 'And in this case, they are written in a query language using a proper syntax.', 'start': 2489.486, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 2496.185, 'text': 'SQL statement.', 'start': 2495.405, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 2499.747, 'text': 'SQL statements are basically collection of SQL expressions.', 'start': 2496.966, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2504.549, 'text': 'For example, let us consider an employee table to understand it in a better way.', 'start': 2500.487, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 2511.371, 'text': 'The table is having attributes like employee ID, name, age, city and salary.', 'start': 2505.229, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 2517.774, 'text': "Now, if I want to fetch the record of all the employees and their IDs, I'll write a simple SQL query.", 'start': 2512.372, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 2522.837, 'text': 'That is SELECT ID, NAME FROM EMPLOYEE.', 'start': 2518.854, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 2527.32, 'text': 'Here SELECT is the database object or the keyword that is used.', 'start': 2523.357, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 2530.823, 'text': 'ID and NAME are the columns from EMPLOYEE.', 'start': 2527.981, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 2532.184, 'text': 'EMPLOYEE is the name of the table.', 'start': 2530.943, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 2535.426, 'text': 'When I execute this query, this will be the output.', 'start': 2532.604, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 2537.928, 'text': 'It will display the ID and name of the employee.', 'start': 2535.706, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 2540.252, 'text': 'Let us look at another query.', 'start': 2539.192, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 2545.874, 'text': 'Now I want to display the salary of employees having more than 30,000.', 'start': 2540.552, 'duration': 5.322}, {'end': 2553.077, 'text': "For that, I'm using the query as SELECT ID NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE salary is greater than 30,000.", 'start': 2545.874, 'duration': 7.203}, {'end': 2557.398, 'text': "Here WHERE is the conditional statement that I'm using or it is a SQL clause.", 'start': 2553.077, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 2561.179, 'text': 'Also, we are using greater than symbol which is an SQL operator.', 'start': 2558.178, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2568.662, 'text': 'So with the help of SQL statements, we can fetch the records of all the information from SQL tables.', 'start': 2562.06, 'duration': 6.602}, {'end': 2577.733, 'text': 'SQL data types specifies which type of values is stored in the database tables.', 'start': 2572.111, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 2581.194, 'text': 'SQL data types are mainly classified into three categories.', 'start': 2578.453, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 2582.955, 'text': 'The first one is numeric.', 'start': 2581.674, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 2587.356, 'text': 'Numerical data refers to the data that is in the form of numbers.', 'start': 2583.555, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 2591.117, 'text': 'In numerical data type, we have different types as well.', 'start': 2587.936, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 2592.958, 'text': 'For example, int.', 'start': 2591.598, 'duration': 1.36}], 'summary': 'The transcript provides a detailed guide on installing mysql workbench and mysql shell, as well as explanations of sql syntax and data types.', 'duration': 583.982, 'max_score': 2008.976, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw2008976.jpg'}, {'end': 2069.505, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2042.864, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2050.248, 'text': "Now you'll find a setup page where you'll have different options, such as developer, server, client, full and custom.", 'start': 2042.864, 'duration': 7.384}, {'end': 2054.85, 'text': "We'll choose custom because we want MySQL Workbench and MySQL Shell.", 'start': 2050.967, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 2056.11, 'text': 'So click on next.', 'start': 2055.27, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 2061.339, 'text': 'Now we have to select the products which we want to install on our system.', 'start': 2058.257, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 2066.103, 'text': 'You can find MySQL Server, click on that and expand it.', 'start': 2062.92, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 2069.505, 'text': "You'll find MySQL Server 8.0, click on that.", 'start': 2066.623, 'duration': 2.882}], 'summary': 'Select the custom installation option and choose mysql server 8.0 for installation.', 'duration': 26.641, 'max_score': 2042.864, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw2042864.jpg'}, {'end': 2760.936, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2732.522, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2738.726, 'text': "For instance, I've taken the example as 2023 that is the month, 20 is the date, 23 hours, 59 is the minutes and 59 is the seconds.", 'start': 2732.522, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 2748.35, 'text': 'timestamp It is also similar to daytime data type.', 'start': 2745.148, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 2751.131, 'text': 'The format specification is also the same as well.', 'start': 2748.85, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 2755.033, 'text': 'The only difference is it has less range of values to store.', 'start': 2751.531, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 2760.936, 'text': 'It is also used to convert current time into various time zones like UTC, GMT, etc.', 'start': 2755.573, 'duration': 5.363}], 'summary': 'Timestamp data type stores date and time with less range, used for time zone conversion.', 'duration': 28.414, 'max_score': 2732.522, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw2732522.jpg'}, {'end': 3167.772, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2875.719, 'weight': 0.74, 'content': [{'end': 2882.006, 'text': 'SQL union, intersect and minus operators are some of the examples of set operations.', 'start': 2875.719, 'duration': 6.287}, {'end': 2892.333, 'text': 'SQL commands.', 'start': 2891.613, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 2896.014, 'text': 'We know that SQL commands are broadly classified into four types.', 'start': 2893.093, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 2898.894, 'text': 'The first one is data definition language, DDL.', 'start': 2896.254, 'duration': 2.64}, {'end': 2903.835, 'text': 'DDL allows the user to define the table and make changes to its overall structure.', 'start': 2899.614, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 2908.216, 'text': 'Commands that are used in DDL are, create, it is used to create a new table.', 'start': 2904.395, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 2912.717, 'text': 'Alter, it is used to modify the existing table by adding new attributes.', 'start': 2909.136, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 2916.957, 'text': 'Drop, it is used to delete the whole table and the data stored in it.', 'start': 2913.617, 'duration': 3.34}, {'end': 2920.138, 'text': 'Truncate, it is used to delete the rows in a table.', 'start': 2917.918, 'duration': 2.22}, {'end': 2929.501, 'text': 'Now that we have got the idea and understanding of various operators, data types and commands, let us look at the syntax of all these commands.', 'start': 2921.038, 'duration': 8.463}, {'end': 2936.923, 'text': 'The first one is SQL create statement, perhaps one of the most important and used SQL statement.', 'start': 2931.241, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 2944.106, 'text': 'Because if you want to create a table, you have to first name the table and then specify the columns and the columns data types.', 'start': 2937.423, 'duration': 6.683}, {'end': 2948.207, 'text': 'So let us look at the syntax of create statements.', 'start': 2945.726, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 2959.385, 'text': 'The syntax is followed as create table, which is the keyword that is used, followed by table name that you want to create, and within the parenthesis,', 'start': 2949.315, 'duration': 10.07}, {'end': 2963.268, 'text': 'you have to mention the column, give space and add the data type.', 'start': 2959.385, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 2967.953, 'text': 'So in this way you can add n number of columns and mention the data types.', 'start': 2964.129, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 2973.278, 'text': 'But make sure guys you have to give the appropriate data type for the columns that you have taken.', 'start': 2968.653, 'duration': 4.625}, {'end': 2984.244, 'text': 'because there might be an instance where you have given the column, such as age, and you are mentioning data type as character char,', 'start': 2973.838, 'duration': 10.406}, {'end': 2985.644, 'text': 'which is basically a mismatch.', 'start': 2984.244, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 2991.727, 'text': "the computer doesn't accept it because generally age is basically a numerical value.", 'start': 2985.644, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 2997.33, 'text': 'but you are mentioning char, but it should ideally be int to store the data.', 'start': 2991.727, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 2999.912, 'text': 'so just keep an eye on it when you are creating your tables.', 'start': 2997.33, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 3004.595, 'text': 'so let us now look at an example of create statement.', 'start': 3000.712, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 3006.876, 'text': 'so i want to create a table name, employee.', 'start': 3004.595, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 3017.444, 'text': 'for that i am writing is create table space, employee, and within the uh parenthesis i am mentioning employee id as my first column, space int,', 'start': 3006.876, 'duration': 10.568}, {'end': 3022.868, 'text': "which is the data type, and i'm giving name, varchar, address, varchar.", 'start': 3017.444, 'duration': 5.424}, {'end': 3027.771, 'text': 'close the parenthesis and put a semicolon, and if you execute this statement,', 'start': 3022.868, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 3035.437, 'text': 'this will be the following result it will display the table with different columns, with the first column as employee id,', 'start': 3027.771, 'duration': 7.666}, {'end': 3043.083, 'text': 'the second column as name and the third column as address, easy right.', 'start': 3035.437, 'duration': 7.646}, {'end': 3045.565, 'text': 'the next one is sql alter table.', 'start': 3043.083, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 3054.918, 'text': 'The SQL alter statement is basically used to add, modify or even delete certain columns from the existing table.', 'start': 3046.792, 'duration': 8.126}, {'end': 3057.98, 'text': 'Let us look at the syntax of SQL alter command.', 'start': 3055.318, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 3066.386, 'text': 'So the SQL alter command is alter table space, table name that you have to mention add,', 'start': 3059.201, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 3070.169, 'text': 'and within the parenthesis you have to mention the column and the data type.', 'start': 3066.386, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 3073.611, 'text': 'Similarly, you can add a number of data types as per your requirement.', 'start': 3070.769, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 3075.793, 'text': 'Let us now look at one of the example.', 'start': 3074.332, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 3080.855, 'text': 'Now I wanted to add the date of birth of the employee in a new column.', 'start': 3076.474, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 3092.298, 'text': "for that I'll write as alter table, employee add and within the parenthesis, date of birth, and I'll mention the data type as well, which is the date,", 'start': 3080.855, 'duration': 11.443}, {'end': 3094.819, 'text': 'and if you execute this, it will show the result like this', 'start': 3092.298, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 3099.2, 'text': 'It will add another column date of birth in the already existing table.', 'start': 3095.339, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 3111.485, 'text': 'Now, due to certain reasons, if you want to drop or delete the date of birth column, for that we have to write syntax as alter table.', 'start': 3101.621, 'duration': 9.864}, {'end': 3117.948, 'text': 'give the employee table name, drop column, which is the keyword we use and date of birth.', 'start': 3111.485, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 3122.189, 'text': 'So this will be the final output when you execute the query.', 'start': 3118.548, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 3125.791, 'text': 'It will completely drop the date of birth from the table.', 'start': 3122.63, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 3130.673, 'text': "Next we'll look at SQL drop statement.", 'start': 3128.852, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 3141.555, 'text': 'SQL drop statement basically removes all the data and changes the overall structure of the table by deleting the records in the table.', 'start': 3132.128, 'duration': 9.427}, {'end': 3143.737, 'text': 'So let us look at the syntax.', 'start': 3141.976, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 3150.042, 'text': 'The syntax followed is a drop table followed by the table name that we want to create.', 'start': 3144.197, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 3152.664, 'text': 'Let us look one of the example.', 'start': 3151.383, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 3163.09, 'text': 'the syntax followed is a drop table, employee, and when I execute this, it will show an error stating that table employed does not exist,', 'start': 3152.664, 'duration': 10.426}, {'end': 3167.772, 'text': 'which means you have completely deleted all the records from the employee table.', 'start': 3163.09, 'duration': 4.682}], 'summary': 'Sql commands include ddl for defining and modifying tables, with examples of create, alter, and drop commands.', 'duration': 292.053, 'max_score': 2875.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw2875719.jpg'}, {'end': 3312.79, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3291.004, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 3300.487, 'text': "And if you execute this query, this will be the final output, where you'll have four different columns, having the first column as role number,", 'start': 3291.004, 'duration': 9.483}, {'end': 3306.228, 'text': 'the next one having name age city, with the role numbers as one Rohan 22, Hyderabad.', 'start': 3300.487, 'duration': 5.741}, {'end': 3312.79, 'text': 'And the second row consists of the role number two, Anjana, age being 20, and the city, Bangalore.', 'start': 3306.609, 'duration': 6.181}], 'summary': 'Query result: 4 columns, 2 rows; 1st: role number, name, age, city; 2nd: 2, anjana, 20, bangalore', 'duration': 21.786, 'max_score': 3291.004, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw3291004.jpg'}, {'end': 3399.302, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3367.168, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3375.351, 'text': 'And if you want to display even the city to which they belong, we have to write select star from student.', 'start': 3367.168, 'duration': 8.183}, {'end': 3378.292, 'text': 'Then it will display even the city in the table.', 'start': 3375.391, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 3383.034, 'text': 'SQL SELECT condition statement.', 'start': 3381.574, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 3389.597, 'text': 'Consider an employed table with having ID, name, age, city and salary.', 'start': 3384.755, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 3399.302, 'text': 'and if you want to specifically, you know, display the employees name who live in city New Delhi.', 'start': 3390.8, 'duration': 8.502}], 'summary': 'Sql select statement displays city from student table.', 'duration': 32.134, 'max_score': 3367.168, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw3367168.jpg'}, {'end': 4015.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3991.887, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4004.071, 'text': 'Now, if I execute this, it will display like this, that is, it will mention the ID, name, the previous salary and employ new salary simultaneously.', 'start': 3991.887, 'duration': 12.184}, {'end': 4009.533, 'text': 'so in this way you can add two or more columns in the same table using addition operator.', 'start': 4004.071, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 4012.294, 'text': 'let us now look at subtraction operator.', 'start': 4009.533, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 4015.776, 'text': 'subtraction operator is also similar to that of addition operator.', 'start': 4012.294, 'duration': 3.482}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates adding multiple columns in a table using addition operator and introduces subtraction operator.', 'duration': 23.889, 'max_score': 3991.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw3991887.jpg'}, {'end': 5034.587, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5009.911, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5015.993, 'text': 'These SQL expressions are like a formula, which are similar to that of mathematical formulas we use to solve a problem.', 'start': 5009.911, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 5024.379, 'text': 'And in this case, they are written in a query language using a proper syntax to perform operations on the data we have stored in our database table.', 'start': 5016.733, 'duration': 7.646}, {'end': 5028.242, 'text': 'For example, consider the basic syntax of the SELECT statement.', 'start': 5024.88, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 5034.587, 'text': 'Here expressions are used in many contexts, such as to retrieve any value from the table,', 'start': 5028.803, 'duration': 5.784}], 'summary': 'Sql expressions are used to retrieve values from database tables.', 'duration': 24.676, 'max_score': 5009.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw5009911.jpg'}, {'end': 5177.568, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5131.649, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5136.691, 'text': 'the stream that they have chosen and the total marks that they have scored in the final exam.', 'start': 5131.649, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 5144.574, 'text': 'And here the primary key is roll number, which basically uniquely identifies each and every record of the students in the table.', 'start': 5137.131, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 5151.877, 'text': "So now that we have created the table, if you want to retrieve the information of all the students, we'll use select command.", 'start': 5146.255, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 5162.083, 'text': 'So the following query would be select star from the table name that is student and semicolon.', 'start': 5152.197, 'duration': 9.886}, {'end': 5164.604, 'text': 'Let us execute this.', 'start': 5163.684, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 5170.626, 'text': 'And as you can see, all the records of the students are being displayed.', 'start': 5167.285, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 5177.568, 'text': 'That is the name, their age, the city they belong to, the stream and also the total marks that they have scored in the final exam.', 'start': 5170.686, 'duration': 6.882}], 'summary': 'Retrieved all student records including name, age, city, stream, and total marks.', 'duration': 45.919, 'max_score': 5131.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw5131649.jpg'}, {'end': 5415.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5387.95, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5395.333, 'text': 'So as you can see there are total four students who have scored more than 480 when the total marks are divided into half.', 'start': 5387.95, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 5405.678, 'text': 'For instance, if you take the record of Rohan, who has scored total marks 977, and if you divided it by two, that is approximately 488.5,', 'start': 5395.714, 'duration': 9.964}, {'end': 5410.381, 'text': 'which is satisfying the condition, which that is greater than 480..', 'start': 5405.678, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 5415.003, 'text': 'And if you look at this SQL statement carefully there are a lot of SQL expressions here.', 'start': 5410.381, 'duration': 4.622}], 'summary': 'Four students scored over 480, with rohan getting 977/2 = 488.5 marks, satisfying the condition.', 'duration': 27.053, 'max_score': 5387.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw5387950.jpg'}], 'start': 1923.729, 'title': 'Sql fundamentals', 'summary': 'Provides a step-by-step guide on installing mysql workbench on a windows system, and covers sql syntax, data types, operators, and commands including key points such as selecting components, syntax explanations, and examples, and also covers sql expressions and statements, data types, and commands with detailed explanations and examples, and explains sql operators and expressions, including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators, and their use in retrieving records based on specified conditions, and provides a comprehensive overview of sql components and their usage.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2381.705, 'start': 1923.729, 'title': 'Installing mysql workbench', 'summary': 'Provides a step-by-step guide on how to install mysql workbench on a windows system, including downloading, installation, and configuration process, with key points such as selecting the necessary components, setting up root password, and launching mysql workbench.', 'duration': 457.976, 'highlights': ['MySQL Workbench and MySQL Shell are essential components for the installation process on a Windows system. The chapter emphasizes the importance of MySQL Workbench and MySQL Shell and guides the user through the process of selecting and installing these components.', 'The installation process involves selecting and downloading MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench, and MySQL Shell, and configuring them on the system. The detailed step-by-step process of selecting and downloading MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench, and MySQL Shell, along with configuring them on the system, is provided for the user.', 'Setting a root password is crucial for accessing MySQL files and programs and is necessary for logging into the MySQL server. The chapter highlights the significance of setting a root password, which is essential for accessing MySQL files and programs as well as for logging into the MySQL server.']}, {'end': 2760.936, 'start': 2381.725, 'title': 'Sql syntax and data types', 'summary': 'Explains sql syntax, including case insensitivity and table naming conventions, and describes sql expressions and statements. it also covers sql data types, such as numerical, string, and date time, with detailed explanations and examples.', 'duration': 379.211, 'highlights': ['SQL syntax is case insensitive, allowing users to write queries in both uppercase and lowercase. The system allows the user to write the queries in both uppercase as well as lowercase, making SQL syntax case insensitive.', 'RDBMS is the basis for modern database systems, including SQL, which manages various table operations like insert, update, modify, and delete. RDBMS is the foundation for modern database systems, including SQL, and it manages various table operations like insert, update, modify, and delete.', 'SQL expressions are combinations of keywords, values, operators, data types, and other SQL functions, similar to mathematical formulas, used to solve problems in a query language. SQL expressions are combinations of keywords, values, operators, and functions, similar to mathematical formulas, used to solve problems in a query language.', 'SQL data types are mainly classified into three categories: numeric, string, and date time, with detailed explanations and examples of each type. SQL data types are classified into numeric, string, and date time categories, each with detailed explanations and examples.']}, {'end': 3629.856, 'start': 2762.136, 'title': 'Sql operators, data types & commands', 'summary': 'Covers sql operators, data types, and commands, including arithmetic, logical, comparison, bitwise, and set operators, as well as ddl, dml, and dcl commands, with examples and syntax, providing a comprehensive overview of these sql components.', 'duration': 867.72, 'highlights': ['SQL create statement syntax Explains the syntax for creating a table in SQL, specifying the table name, columns, and data types, with emphasis on the importance of matching appropriate data types with the columns.', 'SQL insert statement example Provides an example of inserting values into a table in SQL, demonstrating the syntax and execution result, showcasing the process of adding new data to a table.', 'SQL SELECT statement syntax Details the syntax for selecting specific columns from a table in SQL, including the use of asterisk to display all columns, with a clear example of selecting specific columns from a table.', 'SQL delete statement example Illustrates the process of deleting specific rows from a table in SQL, showcasing the syntax and execution result, highlighting the capability to erase specific records.', 'SQL grant statement explanation Explains the purpose and syntax of the grant statement in SQL, demonstrating how it grants specific privileges to a user for accessing and modifying a table.']}, {'end': 4700.144, 'start': 3631.476, 'title': 'Understanding sql operators', 'summary': 'Explains sql operators, including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators, used to manipulate data in a database, with examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, equal to, not equals to, greater than, less than, greater than equals to, less than equals to, and logical operators like and, or, not and between.', 'duration': 1068.668, 'highlights': ['SQL provides various operators to ease the process of data manipulation, including arithmetic and binary operations performed using WHERE clause. SQL provides operators for data manipulation, including arithmetic and binary operations, performed using the WHERE clause.', 'Arithmetic operators, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, perform mathematical operations on numerical data in SQL tables. Arithmetic operators, like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, perform mathematical operations on numerical data in SQL tables.', 'The chapter provides syntax and examples for using arithmetic operators in MySQL Workbench to execute addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on a table. The chapter provides syntax and examples for using arithmetic operators in MySQL Workbench to execute addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on a table.', 'Comparison operators, such as equal to, not equals to, greater than, less than, greater than equals to, and less than equals to, are used to compare data in SQL tables. Comparison operators, like equal to, not equals to, greater than, less than, greater than equals to, and less than equals to, are used to compare data in SQL tables.', 'The usage and syntax of comparison operators, including equal to, not equals to, greater than, less than, greater than equals to, and less than equals to, are demonstrated with examples in MySQL Workbench. The usage and syntax of comparison operators are demonstrated with examples in MySQL Workbench.', 'Logical operators, like AND, OR, NOT, and BETWEEN, perform Boolean operations in SQL, providing true or false results based on logical conditions. Logical operators, like AND, OR, NOT, and BETWEEN, perform Boolean operations in SQL, providing true or false results based on logical conditions.', 'The chapter explains the usage and syntax of logical operators, including AND, OR, NOT, and BETWEEN, with examples for their execution in MySQL Workbench. The chapter explains the usage and syntax of logical operators, including AND, OR, NOT, and BETWEEN, with examples for their execution in MySQL Workbench.']}, {'end': 5410.381, 'start': 4702.332, 'title': 'Sql operators and expressions', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of and, or, between, and not operators in sql to retrieve records based on specified conditions, followed by an overview of sql expressions including boolean, numeric, and date expressions, exemplified by queries and examples in mysql workbench.', 'duration': 708.049, 'highlights': ['The AND operator in SQL is used to compare data with more than one condition, displaying records only if all conditions return true. The AND operator is exemplified by a query to access employee records with salary > 25,000 and city = Hyderabad, displaying 3 records (e.g. rahul, kiran, chinmai) meeting the specified conditions.', 'The OR operator in SQL returns records if any of the conditions separated by OR evaluates to true. An example query shows employees with salary < 30,000 or city = Bangalore, displaying 4 records (e.g. Kiran, Pranay, Varsha, Rohit) meeting the specified conditions.', 'The BETWEEN operator in SQL displays records within a specified range mentioned in the query. An example query retrieves employees with salaries between 25,000 and 35,000, displaying records meeting the specified salary range.', 'The NOT operator in SQL shows records if the condition evaluates to be false, displaying data for the opposite of the specified conditions. An example query demonstrates accessing employees not having a salary of 40,000, displaying records of employees not meeting the specified salary condition.', 'SQL expressions include Boolean, Numeric, and Date expressions, used to fetch data, perform mathematical operations, and handle date and time related queries and conditions. The transcript elaborates on the types and usage of SQL expressions including Boolean, Numeric, and Date expressions, providing a comprehensive understanding of their functionalities and applications.']}], 'duration': 3486.652, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw1923729.jpg', 'highlights': ['The installation process involves selecting and downloading MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench, and MySQL Shell, and configuring them on the system. The detailed step-by-step process of selecting and downloading MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench, and MySQL Shell, along with configuring them on the system, is provided for the user.', 'SQL expressions are combinations of keywords, values, operators, and functions, similar to mathematical formulas, used to solve problems in a query language.', 'SQL data types are mainly classified into three categories: numeric, string, and date time, with detailed explanations and examples of each type.', 'SQL create statement syntax Explains the syntax for creating a table in SQL, specifying the table name, columns, and data types, with emphasis on the importance of matching appropriate data types with the columns.', 'SQL grant statement explanation Explains the purpose and syntax of the grant statement in SQL, demonstrating how it grants specific privileges to a user for accessing and modifying a table.', 'The chapter provides syntax and examples for using arithmetic operators in MySQL Workbench to execute addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on a table.', 'Comparison operators, like equal to, not equals to, greater than, less than, greater than equals to, and less than equals to, are used to compare data in SQL tables.', 'Logical operators, like AND, OR, NOT, and BETWEEN, perform Boolean operations in SQL, providing true or false results based on logical conditions.', 'The AND operator in SQL is used to compare data with more than one condition, displaying records only if all conditions return true.', 'The OR operator in SQL returns records if any of the conditions separated by OR evaluates to true.', 'The BETWEEN operator in SQL displays records within a specified range mentioned in the query.', 'The NOT operator in SQL shows records if the condition evaluates to be false, displaying data for the opposite of the specified conditions.', 'SQL expressions include Boolean, Numeric, and Date expressions, used to fetch data, perform mathematical operations, and handle date and time related queries and conditions.']}, {'end': 8176.429, 'segs': [{'end': 6324.084, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6294.689, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6300.391, 'text': 'The syntax for the drop table is drop table and then you have to mention the table name.', 'start': 6294.689, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 6302.604, 'text': 'So let us now look at the example.', 'start': 6301.263, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 6314.751, 'text': 'Now, for some reasons, if I want to delete the employee table, so the syntax would be drop table, followed by that the name of the table, that is,', 'start': 6303.364, 'duration': 11.387}, {'end': 6315.112, 'text': 'employee.', 'start': 6314.751, 'duration': 0.361}, {'end': 6316.833, 'text': 'Let us execute this.', 'start': 6315.912, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 6324.084, 'text': 'As you can see our table is completely dropped and let us now see if it is actually deleted or not.', 'start': 6318.482, 'duration': 5.602}], 'summary': "The 'drop table' syntax is used to delete tables by specifying the table name. an example of dropping the 'employee' table is demonstrated.", 'duration': 29.395, 'max_score': 6294.689, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw6294689.jpg'}, {'end': 6393.567, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6367.082, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6372.366, 'text': 'you have to mention the column names, values, and again, within the parenthesis, you have to mention the values.', 'start': 6367.082, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 6376.069, 'text': 'So here the column one column, two column,', 'start': 6373.146, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 6382.656, 'text': 'three and n number of columns are the names of the columns in which the table you want to insert the data into.', 'start': 6376.069, 'duration': 6.587}, {'end': 6388.982, 'text': "You may not need to specify the column names in the SQL query if you're adding values for all the columns of the table,", 'start': 6383.256, 'duration': 5.726}, {'end': 6393.567, 'text': 'but make sure the order of the values is in the same order as the column in the table.', 'start': 6388.982, 'duration': 4.585}], 'summary': 'Specify column names and values in sql queries for data insertion.', 'duration': 26.485, 'max_score': 6367.082, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw6367082.jpg'}, {'end': 6661.902, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6637.234, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6645.897, 'text': 'The column names of the table that is ID, name, city, job and salary have been retained, but only the values in the table have been deleted.', 'start': 6637.234, 'duration': 8.663}, {'end': 6652.28, 'text': 'So in this way you can use truncate statement to delete all the records from the table at a single time.', 'start': 6646.417, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 6661.902, 'text': 'Make sure that you use this statement carefully because the rollback process is not possible after using truncate table statement.', 'start': 6654.013, 'duration': 7.889}], 'summary': 'Using the truncate statement, all records in the table can be deleted at once, but it lacks rollback capability.', 'duration': 24.668, 'max_score': 6637.234, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw6637234.jpg'}, {'end': 7211.979, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7184.267, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7189.818, 'text': 'let us now jump into MySQL Workbench and execute this and understand it in a more better way.', 'start': 7184.267, 'duration': 5.551}, {'end': 7199.25, 'text': "As you can see, MySQL workbench has started and for time being, I've already created a table employee which is having column names as employee ID,", 'start': 7190.785, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 7205.274, 'text': 'employee name, age designation, date of birth, city that they belong to and salary.', 'start': 7199.25, 'duration': 6.024}, {'end': 7211.979, 'text': "And I've chosen primary key as employee ID because it uniquely identifies each and every record in the table.", 'start': 7205.655, 'duration': 6.324}], 'summary': 'Using mysql workbench to create a table with columns like employee id, name, age, designation, date of birth, city, and salary.', 'duration': 27.712, 'max_score': 7184.267, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw7184267.jpg'}, {'end': 8049.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8017.087, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8022.331, 'text': 'Now we have to mention the IN keyword here and within the brackets mention the IDs.', 'start': 8017.087, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 8031.597, 'text': 'So I am taking 102, 104 and 107.', 'start': 8022.871, 'duration': 8.726}, {'end': 8034.159, 'text': 'So let us execute the statement and see the output.', 'start': 8031.597, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 8045.174, 'text': 'So as you can see it is displaying the values of the employees who are having ID either 102 or 104 or 107.', 'start': 8035.64, 'duration': 9.534}, {'end': 8049.776, 'text': 'Next let us discuss about select date statement in SQL.', 'start': 8045.174, 'duration': 4.602}], 'summary': 'Sql query displayed values of employees with specified ids.', 'duration': 32.689, 'max_score': 8017.087, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8017087.jpg'}], 'start': 5410.381, 'title': 'Sql fundamentals', 'summary': 'Discusses sql expressions, inbuilt functions, and date expressions, sql database basics, sql tables, basic queries, table operations, and select functions and statements, covering numeric, inbuilt functions, database creation, table structure, data insertion, and sql select functions and statements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5626.468, 'start': 5410.381, 'title': 'Sql expressions and functions', 'summary': 'Discusses sql expressions including numeric, inbuilt functions like sum, average, count, and date expressions, with examples such as calculating the average total marks and selecting records based on date of birth.', 'duration': 216.087, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various SQL expressions including numeric, inbuilt functions like sum, average, count, minimum, and maximum, and date expressions, providing practical examples for each.', 'Example of calculating the average total marks of students in the final exam using the SQL function AVERAGE, displaying the total average of total marks as 954.375.', 'Demonstration of using the SQL function sum to calculate the sum of all the marks of the students, displaying the sum of total marks as 7635.', 'Illustration of using date expressions in SQL to retrieve records of students born after 1995 January, displaying a total of five records of such students.', 'Explanation of using the current timestamp function to display the current year, date, and month format in SQL.']}, {'end': 6041.955, 'start': 5626.648, 'title': 'Sql database basics', 'summary': "Covers the basics of sql databases, including the definition of sql databases, popular sql databases, creating a database using sql syntax, selecting a database using 'use' keyword, and dropping a database using 'drop database' statement.", 'duration': 415.307, 'highlights': ['Popular SQL databases include MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB, widely used by many companies. Mentions popular SQL databases such as MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB, which are widely used by many companies.', "Creating a database in SQL involves using the 'create database' statement followed by the desired database name, ensuring uniqueness. Explains the process of creating a database in SQL using the 'create database' statement and emphasizes the importance of ensuring the uniqueness of the database name.", "Selecting a database through the 'use' keyword allows users to perform operations on the selected database, ensuring that the selected database is unique. Describes how the 'use' keyword is used to select a database in SQL, allowing users to perform operations on the selected database and emphasizing the need for uniqueness in the selected database.", "Dropping a database using the 'drop database' statement permanently deletes all data and tables stored in the database, requiring caution when using this operation. Explains the process of dropping a database using the 'drop database' statement and emphasizes the permanent deletion of all data and tables, cautioning against potential loss of information."]}, {'end': 6454.867, 'start': 6043.49, 'title': 'Understanding sql tables and basic queries', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of sql tables, including their structure, creation, deletion, and data insertion, using sql create table, drop table, and insert table, with examples and execution in mysql workbench.', 'duration': 411.377, 'highlights': ['SQL create table The SQL create table command is used to create a new table in a database, and it involves specifying the table name, column names, and their data types, which can be executed in MySQL workbench.', 'SQL drop table The SQL drop table statement is used to delete a table from the database, and it removes the table definition and its data, which should be used with caution as it permanently deletes the table and its contents.', 'SQL insert table The SQL insert statement is used to add new rows of data into a table, and it requires specifying the table name, column names, and their corresponding values, which can be executed to insert new values into the table.']}, {'end': 7389.263, 'start': 6456.247, 'title': 'Sql table operations', 'summary': 'Covers sql table operations including inserting new values, deleting specific records using delete statement, removing all records using truncate statement, adding and renaming columns using alter and rename statements, and copying table content using select into statement. it also explains the basics of sql select statement, including syntax and usage with examples.', 'duration': 933.016, 'highlights': ["The DELETE statement in SQL is used to remove specific rows from a table based on a condition, and if no condition is specified, it removes all rows from the table. The DELETE statement allows removal of specific rows from a table based on a condition, and no condition can result in the removal of all rows. For instance, the query 'delete from employee where ID=102' successfully deletes the record with employee ID 102.", 'The TRUNCATE statement in SQL is used to remove all rows from a table, retaining the table structure, and it does not allow the use of a WHERE clause. TRUNCATE statement removes all records from a table while retaining the structure, and it does not permit the use of a WHERE clause. This operation is faster and uses fewer resources than the DELETE statement.', 'The ALTER TABLE statement in SQL is used to add, modify, or delete columns of an existing table. The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, modify, or delete columns from an existing table. It allows the addition of new columns, modification of existing columns, and deletion of columns.', 'The RENAME TABLE statement in SQL is used to change the name of an existing table. The RENAME TABLE statement allows changing the name of an existing table to a new name, providing flexibility for database users to give relevant or updated names to tables.', 'The SELECT INTO statement in SQL copies the content from an existing table into a new table using the structure of the existing table. The SELECT INTO statement copies the content of an existing table into a new table, utilizing the structure of the original table. This process creates a new table with the same structure as the source table.', 'The SQL SELECT statement is utilized to fetch data from a database table and can be used with various clauses such as WHERE to filter data based on specific conditions. The SQL SELECT statement retrieves data from a database table and can be used with clauses like WHERE to filter data based on specific conditions. It allows accessing information from one or more database tables within the database.']}, {'end': 8176.429, 'start': 7389.263, 'title': 'Sql select functions and statements', 'summary': 'Discusses sql select functions, including select distinct to fetch unique values, select count to retrieve total number of records, select limit to display a limited number of rows, select random to return a random row, select in to fetch specific rows, and select date to retrieve date values from a database.', 'duration': 787.166, 'highlights': ['The SELECT COUNT is used to get the total number of rows from a table, returning the total number of records present in the database table. The SELECT COUNT statement is used to count the total number of records in the employee table, displaying a total of 15 records present.', 'The SELECT DISTINCT in SQL is used to fetch identical or distinct column values from an existing table without any duplicate values. The SQL SELECT DISTINCT statement ensures that the value is retrieved only once and there is no room for any repeated or distinct value, allowing retrieval of unique values from the existing table.', 'The SELECT LIMIT statement in SQL shows the limited number of records or rows from the database table, specifying how many rows to display from the table. The SELECT LIMIT statement is used to display the first three records of the employees from the employee table, effectively limiting the displayed rows.', 'The SQL SELECT RANDOM statement is used to return a random row from a table present in the database, displaying the details of all the employees in a mixed manner. The SQL SELECT RANDOM statement displays the details of the employees in a random way, allowing the display of random values within a database table.', 'The SELECT IN function is used to fetch specific rows or values from an existing table with multiple conditions, reducing the need for multiple OR operators in SELECT statement. The SELECT IN function is used to fetch the details of employees with specific IDs from the employee table, reducing the complexity of multiple OR operators in the SELECT statement.', 'SQL SELECT DATE is used to retrieve the values of date from a database, allowing the retrieval of date values based on various conditions such as before a specific date, after a specific date, or between specific dates. The SQL SELECT DATE statement is used to retrieve the records of employees born before 1995 Jan 1st, after 1995, or between specific dates, demonstrating the retrieval of date values based on conditions.']}], 'duration': 2766.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw5410381.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various SQL expressions including numeric, inbuilt functions like sum, average, count, minimum, and maximum, and date expressions, providing practical examples for each.', "Creating a database in SQL involves using the 'create database' statement followed by the desired database name, ensuring uniqueness.", 'The SQL create table command is used to create a new table in a database, and it involves specifying the table name, column names, and their data types, which can be executed in MySQL workbench.', 'The DELETE statement in SQL is used to remove specific rows from a table based on a condition, and if no condition is specified, it removes all rows from the table.', 'The SELECT COUNT is used to get the total number of rows from a table, returning the total number of records present in the database table.', 'The SQL SELECT statement retrieves data from a database table and can be used with clauses like WHERE to filter data based on specific conditions.']}, {'end': 9803.382, 'segs': [{'end': 8231.608, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8202.288, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8215.894, 'text': 'then the following query would be SELECT Sum is the keyword and within the brackets, mention the salary column from the table that is, employee.', 'start': 8202.288, 'duration': 13.606}, {'end': 8219.157, 'text': 'Let us execute the statement and see the output.', 'start': 8217.174, 'duration': 1.983}, {'end': 8225.022, 'text': 'So, as you can see, it is showing the sum of the salaries of all the employees here,', 'start': 8220.68, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 8231.608, 'text': 'that is six lakh five thousand is the total value of the combined salary of all the employees.', 'start': 8225.022, 'duration': 6.586}], 'summary': 'Executing select sum on salary column returns total combined salary of all employees as 605,000.', 'duration': 29.32, 'max_score': 8202.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8202288.jpg'}, {'end': 8420.604, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8393.752, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8399.435, 'text': 'Clauses help us to restrict and manage the data using valid constraints on the data in our database.', 'start': 8393.752, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 8406.558, 'text': 'Now, since we have large amounts of data stored in the database, we use clauses to query the table to get the desired data only.', 'start': 8400.115, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 8410.82, 'text': 'So the complexity is reduced when condition is applied to an SQL statement.', 'start': 8406.918, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 8420.604, 'text': 'SQL clauses use filters and analyzes the data quickly because it is used to extract only those records that fulfill the specified condition.', 'start': 8412.026, 'duration': 8.578}], 'summary': 'Sql clauses manage data, reduce complexity, and quickly analyze records.', 'duration': 26.852, 'max_score': 8393.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8393752.jpg'}, {'end': 8532.705, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8503.57, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 8507.756, 'text': 'Let us now execute some statement which uses var clause in MySQL workbench.', 'start': 8503.57, 'duration': 4.186}, {'end': 8516.84, 'text': 'As you can see, the MySQL workbench has started and before we write queries using a where clause, we have to first create a table.', 'start': 8509.918, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 8524.842, 'text': 'So I have created a table here employee which has columns, employee ID, employee name, age, destination, date of birth,', 'start': 8517.22, 'duration': 7.622}, {'end': 8526.703, 'text': 'the city they belong to and their salary.', 'start': 8524.842, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 8532.705, 'text': "And I've taken primary key here as employee ID because it uniquely identifies each and every record in the table.", 'start': 8526.943, 'duration': 5.762}], 'summary': "Executing var clause in mysql workbench, creating table 'employee' with columns: employee id, employee name, age, destination, date of birth, city, and salary. primary key: employee id.", 'duration': 29.135, 'max_score': 8503.57, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8503570.jpg'}, {'end': 8849.505, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8816.845, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8820.026, 'text': 'First, let us discuss about SQL AND condition.', 'start': 8816.845, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 8824.528, 'text': 'SQL AND condition is used to specify multiple conditions in WHERE clause.', 'start': 8820.626, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 8832.35, 'text': 'AND condition basically returns the rows or those values that satisfies both the conditions that are written after the WHERE clause.', 'start': 8825.068, 'duration': 7.282}, {'end': 8839.076, 'text': 'In simple terms, we can say that it will only return those values when both the conditions are met.', 'start': 8833.05, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 8841.358, 'text': 'Let us now understand this with an example.', 'start': 8839.676, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 8849.505, 'text': "Let's say if I want to access the records of all those employees whose designation is business analyst and their salary is 35,000.", 'start': 8841.718, 'duration': 7.787}], 'summary': 'Sql and condition specifies multiple conditions in where clause and returns values satisfying both conditions.', 'duration': 32.66, 'max_score': 8816.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8816845.jpg'}, {'end': 9192.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9167.725, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9174.748, 'text': 'The like condition statement is used to fetch matching rows or values from the table that satisfies the wildcard operator.', 'start': 9167.725, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 9179.831, 'text': 'Now the wildcard operator in SQL basically have two types.', 'start': 9175.329, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 9181.792, 'text': 'The first one is percentage sign.', 'start': 9180.291, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 9185.553, 'text': 'The percentage sign represents a single or multiple character.', 'start': 9182.272, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 9187.414, 'text': 'And the second one is underscore.', 'start': 9185.934, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 9190.416, 'text': 'Underscore represents a single number or character.', 'start': 9187.755, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 9192.776, 'text': 'Now you might be a bit confused here.', 'start': 9190.996, 'duration': 1.78}], 'summary': 'Sql like condition uses wildcard operators, including % and _, to fetch matching rows or values from the table.', 'duration': 25.051, 'max_score': 9167.725, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw9167725.jpg'}, {'end': 9674.073, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9643.361, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 9653.065, 'text': "So it will display the records of all those employees who's having employee ID more than 106 and it will sort the data of their salaries in descending order,", 'start': 9643.361, 'duration': 9.704}, {'end': 9654.726, 'text': 'that is, from highest to lowest again.', 'start': 9653.065, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 9662.49, 'text': 'So in this way you can use the order by descending statement to display all the records present in the table in an ascending manner.', 'start': 9655.106, 'duration': 7.384}, {'end': 9674.073, 'text': 'Let us now discuss the next order by statement that is SQL order by random and as well as limit statements.', 'start': 9664.949, 'duration': 9.124}], 'summary': 'Display records of employees with id>106, sorted by descending salaries.', 'duration': 30.712, 'max_score': 9643.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw9643361.jpg'}], 'start': 8178.055, 'title': 'Sql basics', 'summary': 'Covers various sql basics including usage of select sum to calculate sum of values, sql where clause and null values, sql conditional statements, and understanding sql order by, with practical examples and syntax explanation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8281.837, 'start': 8178.055, 'title': 'Using select sum in sql', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of the select sum statement in sql to calculate the sum of values in a specified column, such as obtaining the total salary of all employees and applying a where condition to filter the sum based on a specific criterion, with examples showcasing the total sum of all employee salaries and the sum of salaries for employees from mumbai.', 'duration': 103.782, 'highlights': ['The SELECT SUM statement in SQL is used to calculate the sum of values in a specified column, such as the total salary of all employees in the employee table, which was demonstrated to be six lakh five thousand.', 'The WHERE condition can be used in conjunction with the SELECT SUM statement to filter the sum based on specific criteria, as shown in the example of obtaining the sum of salaries for employees from Mumbai, resulting in a total of 80,000.', 'The SUM function in SQL is only applicable to numeric or numeric-related fields, ensuring that it can only be applied to relevant data types.']}, {'end': 8777.981, 'start': 8283.891, 'title': 'Sql where clause & null values', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of null values in sql, demonstrating how to query null values and explains the sql where clause with examples of using comparison operators like equals to, greater than, and less than. it also explains the use of the where clause for filtering data and how to update values in the table.', 'duration': 494.09, 'highlights': ['SQL WHERE clause usage The WHERE clause is explained as an integral part of any query to specify a condition in the SQL statement which retrieves only those records which satisfy the given condition.', "Querying null values in SQL The process of querying null values in SQL is demonstrated through an example where the details of students with null marks are retrieved, indicating the usage of 'is null' condition and the count of such records.", 'Comparison operators in WHERE clause The usage of comparison operators such as greater than, less than, and equal to in the WHERE clause is illustrated with examples, including the number of records satisfying the conditions.', 'Updating values in the table The process of updating values in the table using the UPDATE command is explained with an example of changing the salary for an employee, verifying the change, and displaying the updated details.']}, {'end': 9267.683, 'start': 8779.722, 'title': 'Sql conditional statements', 'summary': 'Covers sql conditional statements including and, or, limit, as, and like conditions, with examples to filter records and rename columns, demonstrating how to fetch matching rows and values from a table.', 'duration': 487.961, 'highlights': ['SQL AND condition is used to specify multiple conditions in WHERE clause, returning only those values that satisfy both conditions. It is used to filter records based on satisfying multiple conditions, demonstrated by querying for employees with a specific designation and salary.', 'SQL OR condition fetches rows or values which satisfy any of the conditions specified in the WHERE clause. It is used to retrieve records that meet any of the specified conditions, illustrated by querying for employees with a specific designation or city.', 'The limit condition in SQL is used to fetch a limited number of records from a table. It demonstrates how to retrieve a specific number of records from a table, such as fetching the first five employee records.', "SQL as condition is used to rename a column temporarily in a given table, enhancing query readability. It shows how to temporarily rename a column in a table for improved query understandability, exemplified by renaming the 'salary' column.", 'The like condition in SQL is used to fetch matching rows or values from the table that satisfy the wildcard operator. It explains the usage of wildcard operators to match specific patterns in the data, demonstrated by querying for employees with names starting or ending with specific letters.']}, {'end': 9803.382, 'start': 9267.683, 'title': 'Understanding sql order by', 'summary': 'Explains the sql order by clause, its syntax, and usage to sort data in ascending and descending order based on specific columns. it also demonstrates the execution and usage of order by ascending and descending statements, along with the order by random and limit statements in sql.', 'duration': 535.699, 'highlights': ['The SQL order by clause allows you to sort the results of a query based on a specific column or group of columns. The SQL order by clause allows sorting of query results based on specific columns, providing organized data retrieval.', 'The syntax of SQL order by clause is followed as SQL select column 1, column 2 up to n number of columns from table name where condition ordered by column ASC or DSC. The syntax of SQL order by clause is crucial for understanding the structure of sorting data based on specified columns in ascending or descending order.', 'The order by ascending statement is used to sort the data in ascending order. Explains the usage and significance of the order by ascending statement in sorting data in ascending order.', 'The order by descending statement is used to sort the data in the descending order. Elaborates on the usage and significance of the order by descending statement in sorting data in descending order.', 'The order by random statement is used to display the records present in the table randomly. Describes the purpose and usage of the order by random statement for displaying records in a random order.', 'The limit statement which is used to display only a specific number of columns in the database table. Explains the function and application of the limit statement for displaying a specific number of columns in the database table.', 'Order by multiple statement in SQL allows fetching rows by sorting multiple rows in either ascending or descending order. Illustrates the usage and functionality of the order by multiple statement in SQL for sorting multiple rows in ascending or descending order.']}], 'duration': 1625.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw8178055.jpg', 'highlights': ['The SELECT SUM statement in SQL is used to calculate the sum of values in a specified column, such as the total salary of all employees in the employee table, which was demonstrated to be six lakh five thousand.', 'The WHERE condition can be used in conjunction with the SELECT SUM statement to filter the sum based on specific criteria, as shown in the example of obtaining the sum of salaries for employees from Mumbai, resulting in a total of 80,000.', 'The SUM function in SQL is only applicable to numeric or numeric-related fields, ensuring that it can only be applied to relevant data types.', 'SQL WHERE clause usage The WHERE clause is explained as an integral part of any query to specify a condition in the SQL statement which retrieves only those records which satisfy the given condition.', "Querying null values in SQL The process of querying null values in SQL is demonstrated through an example where the details of students with null marks are retrieved, indicating the usage of 'is null' condition and the count of such records.", 'Comparison operators in WHERE clause The usage of comparison operators such as greater than, less than, and equal to in the WHERE clause is illustrated with examples, including the number of records satisfying the conditions.', 'SQL AND condition is used to specify multiple conditions in WHERE clause, returning only those values that satisfy both conditions. It is used to filter records based on satisfying multiple conditions, demonstrated by querying for employees with a specific designation and salary.', 'SQL OR condition fetches rows or values which satisfy any of the conditions specified in the WHERE clause. It is used to retrieve records that meet any of the specified conditions, illustrated by querying for employees with a specific designation or city.', 'The SQL order by clause allows you to sort the results of a query based on a specific column or group of columns. The SQL order by clause allows sorting of query results based on specific columns, providing organized data retrieval.', 'The syntax of SQL order by clause is followed as SQL select column 1, column 2 up to n number of columns from table name where condition ordered by column ASC or DSC. The syntax of SQL order by clause is crucial for understanding the structure of sorting data based on specified columns in ascending or descending order.', 'The order by ascending statement is used to sort the data in ascending order. Explains the usage and significance of the order by ascending statement in sorting data in ascending order.', 'The order by descending statement is used to sort the data in the descending order. Elaborates on the usage and significance of the order by descending statement in sorting data in descending order.', 'The order by random statement is used to display the records present in the table randomly. Describes the purpose and usage of the order by random statement for displaying records in a random order.', 'The limit statement which is used to display only a specific number of columns in the database table. Explains the function and application of the limit statement for displaying a specific number of columns in the database table.', 'Order by multiple statement in SQL allows fetching rows by sorting multiple rows in either ascending or descending order. Illustrates the usage and functionality of the order by multiple statement in SQL for sorting multiple rows in ascending or descending order.']}, {'end': 11544.194, 'segs': [{'end': 9841.151, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9803.382, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9811.646, 'text': 'if you want to fetch the details of all the employees from the table in ascending order of their designation as well as descending order of their salary,', 'start': 9803.382, 'duration': 8.264}, {'end': 9819.989, 'text': 'then the following query would be select star from employee order by.', 'start': 9811.646, 'duration': 8.343}, {'end': 9825.531, 'text': "so we're taking the designation as ascending order.", 'start': 9819.989, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 9841.151, 'text': 'so designation mention the keyword ASC comma and their salary in descending manner.', 'start': 9825.531, 'duration': 15.62}], 'summary': 'Fetch all employee details in ascending order of designation and descending order of salary.', 'duration': 37.769, 'max_score': 9803.382, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw9803382.jpg'}, {'end': 11197.557, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11169.132, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11174.035, 'text': 'So in this way, you can delete multiple rows by using the where condition statement.', 'start': 11169.132, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 11181.904, 'text': 'Now similarly you can delete multiple records from the table using multiple conditions as well.', 'start': 11176.4, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 11186.728, 'text': 'This can be done using various operators like AND, OR, BETWEEN etc.', 'start': 11182.085, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 11188.67, 'text': 'So let us take an example for that.', 'start': 11187.169, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 11197.557, 'text': "Suppose, let's say, if I want to delete the employee details from the employee table whose designation is, let's say,", 'start': 11189.831, 'duration': 7.726}], 'summary': 'Deleting multiple rows and records using multiple conditions and operators.', 'duration': 28.425, 'max_score': 11169.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw11169132.jpg'}, {'end': 11445.814, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11412.963, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11419.887, 'text': 'So in this way you can delete all the records from the table without specifying the condition using the WHERE clause.', 'start': 11412.963, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 11427.495, 'text': 'So, what is SQL join? In relational databases, the information you want to retrieve is often stored in various different tables.', 'start': 11420.828, 'duration': 6.667}, {'end': 11432.72, 'text': "In such scenarios, you'll need to join these tables to view data in a much better way.", 'start': 11427.895, 'duration': 4.825}, {'end': 11435.283, 'text': 'This is where SQL join comes into picture.', 'start': 11433.181, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 11445.814, 'text': 'SQL joins is widely used clause in SQL, essentially to combine and retrieve data from two or more tables based on related columns or, you can say,', 'start': 11435.904, 'duration': 9.91}], 'summary': 'Sql join allows combining data from different tables in relational databases.', 'duration': 32.851, 'max_score': 11412.963, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw11412963.jpg'}, {'end': 11488.379, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11462.588, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11467.67, 'text': "Here I've taken a different color combination to represent values that are present in various columns.", 'start': 11462.588, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 11476.834, 'text': "Now instead of querying each table every time to retrieve data, I'll simply join these two tables and this will be the following resultant table.", 'start': 11468.27, 'duration': 8.564}, {'end': 11482.556, 'text': "Also make sure when you're joining two tables, it should compulsorily have a common column.", 'start': 11477.534, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 11488.379, 'text': 'Here C is the common field which forms the basis to join these two tables here.', 'start': 11483.017, 'duration': 5.362}], 'summary': 'Joining two tables based on common field c to simplify data retrieval.', 'duration': 25.791, 'max_score': 11462.588, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw11462588.jpg'}], 'start': 9803.382, 'title': 'Sql data operations', 'summary': 'Covers sql insert statement syntax and execution, data manipulation including inserting, updating, and modifying data, understanding sql delete statement, and sql delete operations and join, featuring examples and demonstrations using mysql workbench.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10194.36, 'start': 9803.382, 'title': 'Sql insert statement syntax', 'summary': "Explains the syntax and execution of the sql insert statement, including the two methods of specifying column values and the process of inserting values into a table, featuring an example of inserting values into a 'customer' table in mysql workbench.", 'duration': 390.978, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the syntax and execution of the SQL insert statement It provides an overview of the SQL insert statement, its significance in data manipulation language (DML), and its use in various relational databases.', 'The two methods of specifying column values for the insert statement are detailed It describes the two syntax methods for specifying column values - the first method inserts values without specifying column names, while the second method specifies both column names and values to be inserted.', "An example of inserting values into a 'customer' table in MySQL Workbench is provided It demonstrates the process of creating a 'customer' table with specific column names and a primary key, followed by the insertion of values into the table using the insert into value statement, including the syntax and execution."]}, {'end': 10856.829, 'start': 10194.56, 'title': 'Sql data manipulation', 'summary': 'Discusses inserting, updating, and modifying data in a sql table, covering inserting single and multiple rows, updating single and multiple column values, and updating date and time values, demonstrated using mysql workbench.', 'duration': 662.269, 'highlights': ['Inserting Multiple Rows Inserting multiple rows in a single insert statement, reducing time and effort, demonstrated by inserting two new rows into the customer table, with successful execution and display of the new values.', 'Updating Multiple Column Values Demonstrating the update statement to change multiple column values, including example of updating employee designation and salary, with successful execution and display of the updated values.', 'Updating Date and Time Values Illustrating the update date statement to modify date and time values in the table, featuring examples of changing employee date of birth and date of joining, with successful execution and display of the updated values.']}, {'end': 11168.651, 'start': 10856.829, 'title': 'Understanding sql delete statement', 'summary': 'Discusses the sql delete statement, which allows the deletion of single or multiple rows from a table based on specified conditions, with examples demonstrating deletion of specific records and the resulting changes in the total count of records.', 'duration': 311.822, 'highlights': ['The DELETE statement allows the deletion of single or multiple rows from a table based on specified conditions. It demonstrates the capability to delete specific records based on conditions, such as deleting an employee record with a particular employee ID.', 'Executing the DELETE statement resulted in the successful deletion of records, demonstrated by changes in the total count of records in the table. It provides examples showing the actual impact of executing DELETE statements, such as reducing the total count of records after deleting specific employee details.', 'Use of the count statement to verify the changes in the total count of records after executing the DELETE statement. It emphasizes the verification process by using the count statement to confirm the changes in the total count of records in the table after executing DELETE statements.']}, {'end': 11544.194, 'start': 11169.132, 'title': 'Sql delete operations and sql join', 'summary': 'Explains how to delete multiple records from a table using various conditions and how sql join allows combining and retrieving data from multiple tables based on related columns, providing flexibility and efficiency.', 'duration': 375.062, 'highlights': ['SQL join allows combining and retrieving data from two or more tables based on related columns, providing flexibility and efficiency. SQL join is widely used in SQL to combine and retrieve data from multiple tables based on related columns, offering flexibility in managing records.', 'Using the delete statement with multiple conditions, six records were deleted from the table, with the salary of employees ranging between 30,000 and 45,000. Using the delete statement with the between operator, six records were deleted from the table where the salary of employees ranged between 30,000 and 45,000, showcasing the capability to delete records based on specified conditions.', 'Executing delete statement without the where clause deletes the entire table data, emphasizing the importance of caution while using the delete statement. Executing the delete statement without the where clause deletes the entire table data, highlighting the importance of being cautious while using the delete statement to avoid unintended consequences.']}], 'duration': 1740.812, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw9803382.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the syntax and execution of the SQL insert statement, its significance in data manipulation language (DML), and its use in various relational databases.', 'Inserting multiple rows in a single insert statement, reducing time and effort, demonstrated by inserting two new rows into the customer table, with successful execution and display of the new values.', 'The DELETE statement allows the deletion of single or multiple rows from a table based on specified conditions. It demonstrates the capability to delete specific records based on conditions, such as deleting an employee record with a particular employee ID.', 'SQL join allows combining and retrieving data from two or more tables based on related columns, providing flexibility and efficiency.']}, {'end': 12426.925, 'segs': [{'end': 11605.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11573.459, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11574.741, 'text': 'Finally, efficiency.', 'start': 11573.459, 'duration': 1.282}, {'end': 11580.147, 'text': 'SQL join executes the query faster and shows the result much more quickly,', 'start': 11575.381, 'duration': 4.766}, {'end': 11590.639, 'text': 'because instead of using various sub queries for each and every table individually, we can just simply join two tables using a simple single query.', 'start': 11580.147, 'duration': 10.492}, {'end': 11592.601, 'text': 'Types of SQL Joins.', 'start': 11591.48, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 11595.383, 'text': 'SQL Joins are broadly classified into four types.', 'start': 11593.241, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 11605.37, 'text': 'They are Inner Join, Outer Join, Left Join, Right Join, and additionally, we also have Cross Join, which is not that significant in its usage,', 'start': 11595.743, 'duration': 9.627}], 'summary': 'Sql joins improve efficiency, with four main types: inner, outer, left, and right join, and a less significant cross join.', 'duration': 31.911, 'max_score': 11573.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw11573459.jpg'}], 'start': 11544.194, 'title': 'Sql joins and inner joins', 'summary': "Delves into the benefits and types of sql joins, emphasizing their efficiency in reducing data redundancy and executing queries faster. it details inner join, outer join, left join, and right join, with inner join being the most fundamental and efficient. additionally, it explains sql inner joins, illustrating their table combinations based on a condition and retrieval of matching records, with examples and syntax. it also demonstrates the use of inner joins in mysql workbench to connect tables and retrieve specific information, highlighting the impact of the join condition and specified columns on the resultant table's records.", 'chapters': [{'end': 11910.462, 'start': 11544.194, 'title': 'Sql joins: types and efficiency', 'summary': 'Explains the benefits and types of sql joins, emphasizing that sql join allows users to efficiently combine tables, reducing data redundancy and executing queries faster. it details the inner join, outer join, left join, and right join, with inner join being the most fundamental and efficient.', 'duration': 366.268, 'highlights': ['SQL join allows the user to maintain data redundancy as much as low as possible SQL join minimizes data redundancy, reducing data anomalies and duplicate values in various tables.', 'SQL join executes the query faster and shows the result much more quickly SQL join enhances efficiency by executing queries faster, compared to using various sub queries for each table individually.', 'SQL inner join joins two tables based on a common column and selects records that have matching values in these columns SQL Inner Join selects records with matching values based on a common column, enhancing data retrieval and comparison.', 'SQL left join results in a table containing all the rows from the table on the left side of the join and only the rows that satisfy the join condition from the table on the right side SQL Left Join retrieves all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table, representing missing values with null.', 'SQL right join returns all the rows from the right table and only the conditions satisfying the rows from the left table SQL Right Join retrieves all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table, opposite to the Left Join.']}, {'end': 12426.925, 'start': 11910.882, 'title': 'Understanding sql inner joins', 'summary': "Explains sql inner joins, illustrating how they combine tables based on a condition and retrieve matching records, with examples and syntax. it demonstrates the use of inner joins in mysql workbench to connect tables and retrieve specific information, highlighting how the join condition and specified columns impact the resultant table's records.", 'duration': 516.043, 'highlights': ['The query checks all the rows of table one and table two, displaying only those values that satisfy the join predicate in the resultant table, exemplified with a scenario resulting in a output of 3 and 4 as the common values present in both tables.', "The syntax of SQL inner join is explained, detailing the selection of columns from both tables and the use of the 'inner join' keyword to connect the tables based on a specified condition.", 'The demonstration of using SQL inner joins in MySQL Workbench to connect and retrieve information from the employee and department tables, presenting the query and its execution to display employee details and their respective department IDs.', 'The utilization of SQL inner joins to retrieve employee details, project names, and project managers from the employee and project tables, showcasing the query and its execution to display the relevant information, with a mention of the absence of project names for certain employees.']}], 'duration': 882.731, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw11544194.jpg', 'highlights': ['SQL join minimizes data redundancy, reducing anomalies and duplicate values.', 'SQL join enhances efficiency by executing queries faster.', 'SQL Inner Join selects records with matching values based on a common column.', 'SQL Left Join retrieves all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.', 'SQL Right Join retrieves all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.']}, {'end': 13883.663, 'segs': [{'end': 13865.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13823.801, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13831.967, 'text': 'we have taken here orders right, so it will give the highest priority to this table and it will display all the records from the orders table here,', 'start': 13823.801, 'duration': 8.166}, {'end': 13833.849, 'text': 'even if they do not have any matching values.', 'start': 13831.967, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 13836.612, 'text': 'Similarly, just take another scenario here.', 'start': 13834.389, 'duration': 2.223}, {'end': 13838.595, 'text': "I'm just interchanging the tables here.", 'start': 13836.913, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 13842.962, 'text': "Like the first table I'm taking as orders and the second table I'm taking as customers.", 'start': 13838.615, 'duration': 4.347}, {'end': 13848.33, 'text': 'So when we execute the statement, it will display the records from all the records from the customer table.', 'start': 13843.443, 'duration': 4.887}, {'end': 13849.792, 'text': 'That is the first table.', 'start': 13848.37, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 13854.657, 'text': 'And even if they do not have the matching values, it will just display the null values here.', 'start': 13850.353, 'duration': 4.304}, {'end': 13861.962, 'text': "That's because now, if you consider Adarsh and Pranay, we have their details in the customer table,", 'start': 13854.857, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 13865.485, 'text': 'but we do not have their information present in the orders table.', 'start': 13861.962, 'duration': 3.523}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of table priority and display of all records, regardless of matching values.', 'duration': 41.684, 'max_score': 13823.801, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw13823801.jpg'}], 'start': 12426.925, 'title': 'Different sql joins and their applications', 'summary': 'Discusses sql inner join, sql outer join, full outer join, sql left join, and sql right join, with practical applications in mysql workbench. it covers syntax, execution, and practical use cases for each join type.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12652.731, 'start': 12426.925, 'title': 'Sql inner and outer joins', 'summary': 'Explains sql inner join, which fetches records with matching values from both tables, and sql outer join, returning records from either table. it also discusses the syntax for sql outer join and its execution in mysql workbench.', 'duration': 225.806, 'highlights': ['SQL outer join returns all records from either table, exemplified by table A with records 1, 2, 3, 4 and table B with records 3, 4, 5, 6 resulting in displaying records 1, 2, 3, and up to 6. The full outer join displays all records from both tables, as shown by the example of table A and table B, resulting in the display of records 1, 2, 3, and up to 6.', 'MySQL Workbench is used for executing SQL outer join, and the syntax for MySQL differs from other databases such as PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server. MySQL Workbench is utilized for executing SQL outer join, with a syntax that differs from other databases like PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server.', 'Explanation of the usage of full outer join in MySQL, where left join, right join, and union operator are combined to achieve the result. The explanation is provided for using full outer join in MySQL, involving the combination of left join, right join, and union operator to achieve the desired result.']}, {'end': 12938.579, 'start': 12653.071, 'title': 'Using full outer join in mysql workbench', 'summary': 'Explains how to use full outer join in mysql workbench to retrieve all values from two tables, irrespective of matching, for example, displaying employee details with no projects assigned and vice versa.', 'duration': 285.508, 'highlights': ['Full outer join retrieves all the values irrespective of whether they are matching or not, useful for displaying employee details with no projects assigned and vice versa. Unlike inner join, full outer join retrieves all values from both tables, for example, displaying employee details with no projects assigned and vice versa.', 'Some employees have no projects assigned, resulting in null values in the project name column. Employees like Kirti, Varun, and Nitya have no projects assigned, resulting in null values in the project name column.', "In a real-life company's database, thousands of records make it difficult to manage and access various database tables. In real-life company databases, managing and accessing various tables with thousands of records becomes challenging."]}, {'end': 13315.916, 'start': 12939.019, 'title': 'Understanding sql left join', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of sql left join, where it retrieves all rows from the left table and only the matching rows from the right table, resulting in a table with null values for missing rows, with an example of two tables displaying 1, 2, 3, 4, and 3, 4, 5, 6 resulting in 1, 2, 3, 4, and details on joining syntax and execution in mysql workbench.', 'duration': 376.897, 'highlights': ['SQL left join results in a table containing all the rows from the table on the left side of the join and only the rows that satisfy the join condition from the table on the right side of the join, with missing values represented by null values. This highlights the fundamental concept of SQL left join, emphasizing the retrieval of all rows from the left table and only the matching rows from the right table, resulting in null values for missing rows.', 'The resultant table of the left join will display only the values from the left table and the matching values from the right table, as demonstrated with the example of tables A and B resulting in 1, 2, 3, 4. This provides a specific example of how the left join operates, showing the resulting table displaying values from the left table and the matching values from the right table, illustrated with the example of tables A and B.', "The syntax for SQL left join is 'select column lists from table one left join table two on table one dot column equals to table two dot column', requiring the mention of the common attribute for joining the two tables. This highlights the syntax of the SQL left join statement, emphasizing the structure and the requirement to specify the common attribute for joining the two tables.", 'The left join statement retrieves the customer ID, customer name, address, product name, quantity, price, and purchase date of the customers in the resultant table, as demonstrated in MySQL workbench execution. This showcases the specific columns retrieved using the left join statement, emphasizing the details included in the resultant table, as demonstrated in the MySQL workbench execution.', 'The left join statement adds data from the right table to the corresponding row of the left table if a match is found based on the related columns, as demonstrated with the example of customer records and details from the orders table. This highlights how the left join statement adds data from the right table to the corresponding row of the left table when a match is found, demonstrated with the example of customer records and details from the orders table.']}, {'end': 13883.663, 'start': 13315.916, 'title': 'Understanding sql right join', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of sql right join, its syntax, and its practical application using mysql workbench, emphasizing that it returns all records from the right table and only the matching records from the left table, resulting in null values for unmatched rows. it also highlights the use cases and scenarios for employing the right join.', 'duration': 567.747, 'highlights': ['SQL right join returns all records from the right table, including null values for unmatched rows from the left table. The right join clause selects data from the right table and matches it with the rows from the left table, returning a resultant table that includes all the rows in the right table, whether or not they have matching rows from the left table.', 'Practical application of SQL right join using MySQL Workbench with customer and orders tables, demonstrating the display of matching values and null values for unmatched rows. Demonstrates the practical application of SQL right join using MySQL Workbench with customer and orders tables, displaying matching values and null values for unmatched rows based on the join condition.', 'Explanation of use cases and scenarios for employing the right join, emphasizing its application based on specific requirements and the priority of the tables. Emphasizes the use cases for employing the right join, highlighting scenarios where it is used to keep records from the second table that do not have any corresponding records from the first table, and explains the priority of tables in the right join.']}], 'duration': 1456.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw12426925.jpg', 'highlights': ['SQL outer join returns all records from either table, exemplified by table A with records 1, 2, 3, 4 and table B with records 3, 4, 5, 6 resulting in displaying records 1, 2, 3, and up to 6.', 'Full outer join retrieves all the values irrespective of whether they are matching or not, useful for displaying employee details with no projects assigned and vice versa.', 'SQL left join results in a table containing all the rows from the table on the left side of the join and only the rows that satisfy the join condition from the table on the right side of the join, with missing values represented by null values.', 'SQL right join returns all records from the right table, including null values for unmatched rows from the left table.']}, {'end': 14679.04, 'segs': [{'end': 13961.813, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13933.285, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 13937.407, 'text': 'Now needless to say there will be many duplicate rows with redundant information.', 'start': 13933.285, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 13939.007, 'text': 'So how do we deal with that?', 'start': 13937.847, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 13943.248, 'text': 'Now, how do we manage these records that are storing only unique data?', 'start': 13939.507, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 13952.691, 'text': 'Now, for that we might need a combination of one or more columns in the database table to uniquely identify a a row in a database.', 'start': 13943.689, 'duration': 9.002}, {'end': 13955.932, 'text': 'So in that case we use the SQL keys.', 'start': 13953.531, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 13961.813, 'text': 'Now SQL keys creates constraints that can be used to enforce data integrity in SQL.', 'start': 13956.592, 'duration': 5.221}], 'summary': 'Sql keys help enforce data integrity by identifying unique rows in a database table.', 'duration': 28.528, 'max_score': 13933.285, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw13933285.jpg'}, {'end': 14135.592, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14109.155, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14115.559, 'text': 'and a primary key also uniquely identifies each field and can take only one primary key for a table.', 'start': 14109.155, 'duration': 6.404}, {'end': 14119.945, 'text': 'Now a primary key column cannot accept null values as well.', 'start': 14116.684, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 14122.606, 'text': 'Let us consider an example here.', 'start': 14121.106, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 14129.889, 'text': 'Consider a student table which is having various fields such as student ID, role number, name, class section, age and address.', 'start': 14123.007, 'duration': 6.882}, {'end': 14135.592, 'text': 'Now if you look at the table clearly, student ID can be taken as a primary key here.', 'start': 14130.45, 'duration': 5.142}], 'summary': 'A primary key uniquely identifies each field; one primary key per table. example: student table, student id as primary key.', 'duration': 26.437, 'max_score': 14109.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw14109155.jpg'}], 'start': 13884.223, 'title': 'Sql keys importance and usage', 'summary': 'Delves into the significance of sql keys in maintaining data integrity, emphasizing primary, candidate, alternate, super, and foreign keys. it also highlights their unique identifiers, properties, and advantages, with practical examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14152.331, 'start': 13884.223, 'title': 'Understanding sql keys and their importance', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of sql keys in maintaining data integrity, the types of sql keys including primary key, and their advantages, with an example. it emphasizes the role of sql keys in uniquely identifying and managing data, and the properties and advantages of primary keys.', 'duration': 268.108, 'highlights': ['SQL keys plays an important role in relational databases, used for identifying unique rows from table. Emphasizes the importance of SQL keys in relational databases and their role in identifying unique rows.', 'Primary key is a single or a group of fields or columns that can uniquely identify a row in a table, enforcing uniqueness and not accepting any duplicate values. Explains the role and properties of primary key in uniquely identifying rows and enforcing uniqueness.', 'SQL keys creates constraints that can be used to enforce data integrity in SQL, defining what data values are allowed in certain data columns. Highlights the role of SQL keys in creating constraints to enforce data integrity and define allowed data values.']}, {'end': 14679.04, 'start': 14154.073, 'title': 'Understanding sql keys', 'summary': 'Discusses the syntax and usage of primary key, candidate key, alternate key, super key, and foreign key in sql, emphasizing the importance of each key and providing examples to illustrate their usage.', 'duration': 524.967, 'highlights': ['The primary key is used to uniquely identify each record in a table, and it should be selected from the candidate keys, with every table having at least a single candidate key. The primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, selected from candidate keys, with every table having at least a single candidate key.', 'A candidate key is a set of one or more columns that can uniquely identify a record in a table, and a table can have multiple candidate keys, but only a single primary key. A candidate key uniquely identifies a record in a table, and a table can have multiple candidate keys, but only a single primary key.', 'An alternate key is a subset of candidate keys that can also uniquely identify tuples in a table, and a super key is a combination of all possible attributes that can uniquely identify rows in a table. An alternate key is a subset of candidate keys that can also uniquely identify tuples, and a super key is a combination of all possible attributes that can uniquely identify rows.', 'A foreign key is used to establish a link between data in two tables, enforcing referential integrity, and helping to maintain data consistency and integrity. A foreign key establishes a link between data in two tables, enforcing referential integrity and maintaining data consistency and integrity.']}], 'duration': 794.817, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw13884223.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizes the importance of SQL keys in relational databases and their role in identifying unique rows.', 'Explains the role and properties of primary key in uniquely identifying rows and enforcing uniqueness.', 'Highlights the role of SQL keys in creating constraints to enforce data integrity and define allowed data values.', 'The primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, selected from candidate keys, with every table having at least a single candidate key.', 'A candidate key uniquely identifies a record in a table, and a table can have multiple candidate keys, but only a single primary key.', 'An alternate key is a subset of candidate keys that can also uniquely identify tuples, and a super key is a combination of all possible attributes that can uniquely identify rows.', 'A foreign key establishes a link between data in two tables, enforcing referential integrity and maintaining data consistency and integrity.']}, {'end': 16590.473, 'segs': [{'end': 14701.694, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14679.66, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 14687.785, 'text': 'And finally the foreign key is the department ID as it points to the reference to the second table that is department table.', 'start': 14679.66, 'duration': 8.125}, {'end': 14692.368, 'text': 'So in this way you can use the SQL keys accordingly.', 'start': 14688.426, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 14700.153, 'text': 'Now we have Akash, who is basically from a non-technical background and wants to upscale his career as a business analyst,', 'start': 14693.149, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 14701.694, 'text': "and for that he's learning SQL.", 'start': 14700.153, 'duration': 1.541}], 'summary': 'Foreign key is the department id pointing to the department table. akash, a non-technical professional, is learning sql to become a business analyst.', 'duration': 22.034, 'max_score': 14679.66, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw14679660.jpg'}, {'end': 14902.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14879.901, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14887.684, 'text': 'you have to replace it with the average keyword and the syntax is followed as select average column name from table name where condition.', 'start': 14879.901, 'duration': 7.783}, {'end': 14891.825, 'text': 'you can also specify the group by and the order by function, as per your requirement here as well.', 'start': 14887.684, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 14894.98, 'text': 'Next, we have the MAX function.', 'start': 14893.379, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 14902.445, 'text': 'The SQL MAX function is used to find the maximum value or highest value of a certain column or expression.', 'start': 14895.54, 'duration': 6.905}], 'summary': 'Sql functions: use average and max to calculate values.', 'duration': 22.544, 'max_score': 14879.901, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw14879901.jpg'}, {'end': 15601.517, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15550.201, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 15556.265, 'text': 'but basically it calculates the average of all the items or the records that are present in the table.', 'start': 15550.201, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 15562.929, 'text': "Now let's say, if I want to find the average price of all the items that are present in our restaurant orders table,", 'start': 15556.665, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 15572.007, 'text': 'then our following query would be select average price from restaurant table.', 'start': 15562.929, 'duration': 9.078}, {'end': 15577.173, 'text': 'So let us see the output.', 'start': 15575.931, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 15584.942, 'text': 'So as you can see the average price of all the items that are present is 5.04 dollars.', 'start': 15579.856, 'duration': 5.086}, {'end': 15587.986, 'text': 'So in this way you can use the average function as well.', 'start': 15585.463, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 15594.054, 'text': "Let's take another scenario for average price where we'll use the where condition.", 'start': 15590.393, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 15601.517, 'text': "Let's say, if I want to display all those items that are having price above the average price of all the items that are present in the table,", 'start': 15594.355, 'duration': 7.162}], 'summary': 'The average price of all items in the restaurant orders table is $5.04, and items above this price can be displayed using the where condition.', 'duration': 51.316, 'max_score': 15550.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw15550201.jpg'}, {'end': 15725.726, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15699.432, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 15703.235, 'text': 'So if you want to know more about it, make sure you check that out on our channel as well.', 'start': 15699.432, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 15704.877, 'text': 'Now coming back to scalar functions.', 'start': 15703.455, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 15711.34, 'text': 'Now, unlike the aggregate functions, which return a single value after performing calculations on a group of value,', 'start': 15705.137, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 15714.621, 'text': 'the scalar functions are a bit different in its usage.', 'start': 15711.34, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 15720.323, 'text': 'Now the function which returns only a single value from an input value is known as a scalar function.', 'start': 15715.021, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 15725.726, 'text': 'The scalar function works on each record independently and are based on user input.', 'start': 15720.743, 'duration': 4.983}], 'summary': 'Scalar functions return single value from input, unlike aggregate functions.', 'duration': 26.294, 'max_score': 15699.432, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw15699432.jpg'}], 'start': 14679.66, 'title': 'Understanding sql functions', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of aggregate and scalar functions in sql, including count, sum, average, max, min, l case, u case, length, mid, and round functions, with examples and syntax, enabling calculation and manipulation of data in sql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14861.05, 'start': 14679.66, 'title': 'Understanding sql aggregate functions', 'summary': "Explains the use of aggregate functions in sql, including the types of functions and their syntax, highlighting the count and sum functions' ability to calculate and summarize data in sql.", 'duration': 181.39, 'highlights': ['The SQL count function returns the number of rows in a table satisfying the criteria specified in the where clause, considering non-null column values only.', 'The sum function in SQL returns the total summation of the value of a specified column, performing only on numeric columns and not considering null values.', 'Aggregate functions in SQL are used to perform calculations on multiple rows of a single column and return a single value, working with groups of rows and returning all possible results based on these fields or columns.', 'SQL has five types of aggregate functions: count, sum, average, max, and minimum, each serving different purposes in summarizing and calculating data in SQL.', 'The GROUP BY clause in SQL divides the result set into groups of values, and aggregate functions return a single value for each group, identifying all the records present in a particular field or column and combining them into a single set.']}, {'end': 15453.038, 'start': 14861.05, 'title': 'Sql aggregate functions', 'summary': 'Explains the sql aggregate functions including average, max, and min functions, while providing examples of their usage and outputs, also demonstrating the count function to retrieve the total number of records and customers, along with using the where statement to filter results based on conditions.', 'duration': 591.988, 'highlights': ['The SQL aggregate functions including average, max, and min functions. Explains the SQL aggregate functions including average, max, and min functions, and their usage.', 'Examples of count function to retrieve the total number of records and customers. Provides examples of using the count function to retrieve the total number of records and customers, demonstrating its usage.', 'Using the where statement to filter results based on conditions. Demonstrates the usage of the where statement to filter results based on conditions, showcasing its functionality.']}, {'end': 15737.853, 'start': 15453.539, 'title': 'Sql functions and examples', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of sum, average, and scalar functions in sql, with examples illustrating the calculation of total sum and average price, and the categorization of sql functions into aggregate and scalar functions.', 'duration': 284.314, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the usage of sum and average functions in SQL with examples, illustrating the calculation of total sum and average price. It demonstrates the use of the sum function to calculate the total amount received by a restaurant, yielding a value of $1689.9, and the average function to find the average price of all items in the restaurant orders table, resulting in an average price of 5.04 dollars.', 'The chapter describes the categorization of SQL functions into aggregate and scalar functions, highlighting the characteristics of scalar functions. It distinguishes between aggregate and scalar functions, explaining that scalar functions return a single value from an input value, work on each record independently, and may take single or multiple arguments, always returning a single value result.', 'The explanation of scalar functions emphasizes their ability to return a single value from an input value and the mandatory nature of the resultant value. It emphasizes that scalar functions return a single value from an input value, and that the resultant value of the scalar functions can be of any data type.']}, {'end': 15878.101, 'start': 15738.274, 'title': 'Sql scalar functions overview', 'summary': 'Introduces and explains five major scalar functions in sql, including l case, u case, length, mid, and round, along with their functionality and usage on different data types.', 'duration': 139.827, 'highlights': ['The SQL function L case converts all characters of a string to lowercase, taking one argument and returning a single value, and works on all data types, transforming the value of a column field to lowercase.', 'The uppercase function is similar to L case but converts all characters of a string to uppercase, taking one argument and returning a single value, and works on all data types, converting the value of a column field into uppercase.', 'The length function returns the length of the value in the field, counting the number of characters along with spaces and returning a single value integer, and works on values of all data types.', 'The mid function extracts text from a value of a field, taking one argument and working on each value independently, extracting substrings from column values with string data type.', 'The round function is used to round a numerical value to the specified number of decimals, rounding off any numerical value to its nearest integer value, especially useful for decimal data types.']}, {'end': 16021.361, 'start': 15878.621, 'title': 'Introduction to sql scalar functions', 'summary': "Discusses the execution of sql scalar functions in mysql workbench, demonstrating the u case function to convert characters of a string into uppercase and displaying the records from the athletes' events table.", 'duration': 142.74, 'highlights': ['The U case function in SQL converts all characters of a string into uppercase, demonstrated by executing a query to display the names of athletes in uppercase.', 'The chapter demonstrates the execution of SQL scalar functions in MySQL Workbench, using the U case function to convert characters of a string into uppercase.', 'The chapter discusses the various fields present in the athletes event one table, such as ID, name, sex, age, height, weight, team, NOC, games, year, season, and city.']}, {'end': 16427.224, 'start': 16021.721, 'title': 'Sql string functions overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of l case function to convert string values to lowercase, the len function to calculate the length of characters in a field, and the mid function to extract substrings from a given string, with examples and explanations provided for each function.', 'duration': 405.503, 'highlights': ['The L case function is used to convert value of a string column to a low case character, demonstrated by converting cryptocurrency names from uppercase to lowercase, such as Bitcoin to bitcoin. Conversion of cryptocurrency names from uppercase to lowercase.', 'The len function is used to return the length of the characters present in the columns, demonstrated by calculating the length of cryptocurrency names and considering spaces as characters in the count. Calculation of the length of cryptocurrency names, including spaces.', "The mid function extracts a substring from a given string, with examples provided for extracting the first three characters of cryptocurrency names, such as 'Bit' for Bitcoin and 'Wrapped' for Wrapped Bitcoin. Extraction of substrings from cryptocurrency names, such as 'Bit' for Bitcoin and 'Wrapped' for Wrapped Bitcoin."]}, {'end': 16590.473, 'start': 16427.244, 'title': 'Sql mid and round scalar functions', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of sql mid function to display limited characters from a string and the round scalar function to round off numerical fields to a specified number of decimal places, with an example of rounding off crypto values to one decimal place.', 'duration': 163.229, 'highlights': ["The mid function can be used to display a limited number of characters or a substring from a string, such as using 'Jan' for January or 'Feb' for February. The mid function allows for displaying a limited number of characters or a substring from a string, which is useful for scenarios like displaying 'Jan' for January or 'Feb' for February.", 'The round scalar function is used to round a numerical field to the specified number of decimal places, such as rounding off crypto values to one decimal place from their original values. The round scalar function is utilized to round off numerical fields to a specified number of decimal places, like rounding off crypto values to one decimal place from their original values.']}], 'duration': 1910.813, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw14679660.jpg', 'highlights': ['Aggregate functions in SQL are used to perform calculations on multiple rows of a single column and return a single value, working with groups of rows and returning all possible results based on these fields or columns.', 'The chapter explains the usage of sum and average functions in SQL with examples, illustrating the calculation of total sum and average price.', 'The SQL function L case converts all characters of a string to lowercase, taking one argument and returning a single value, and works on all data types, transforming the value of a column field to lowercase.', 'The U case function in SQL converts all characters of a string into uppercase, demonstrated by executing a query to display the names of athletes in uppercase.', 'The L case function is used to convert value of a string column to a low case character, demonstrated by converting cryptocurrency names from uppercase to lowercase, such as Bitcoin to bitcoin.', "The mid function can be used to display a limited number of characters or a substring from a string, such as using 'Jan' for January or 'Feb' for February."]}, {'end': 18056.504, 'segs': [{'end': 16790.107, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16763.384, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 16770.229, 'text': 'And you can also use, there is an optional where clause which can be used to specify any condition according to which the row are to be selected.', 'start': 16763.384, 'duration': 6.845}, {'end': 16774.312, 'text': 'Next, let us understand what is SQL order by statement.', 'start': 16771.59, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 16779.738, 'text': 'The order by clause in SQL sorts the data of a column in the SQL database.', 'start': 16774.652, 'duration': 5.086}, {'end': 16783.381, 'text': 'It helps us sort the column in both ascending as well as the descending order.', 'start': 16779.878, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 16790.107, 'text': 'The ASC keyword helps us sort in ascending order while the DESC keyword sorts in descending order.', 'start': 16783.881, 'duration': 6.226}], 'summary': 'Sql order by sorts data in ascending or descending order based on specified column.', 'duration': 26.723, 'max_score': 16763.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw16763383.jpg'}, {'end': 17299.907, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17272.706, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 17281.03, 'text': 'now the syntax is followed as select column names from table name where column name between range start and range ends.', 'start': 17272.706, 'duration': 8.324}, {'end': 17294.281, 'text': 'so the columns to be retrieved are specified after the select statement and that and the table the columns are being retrieved from the specified is in the from statement and then we have the between operator which is used in the where clause.', 'start': 17281.03, 'duration': 13.251}, {'end': 17299.907, 'text': 'The column we want to apply the range condition on is specified with the column name parameter,', 'start': 17294.681, 'duration': 5.226}], 'summary': 'Sql syntax: select columns from table where column between range start and range ends.', 'duration': 27.201, 'max_score': 17272.706, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw17272706.jpg'}, {'end': 17422.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17393.777, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 17398.382, 'text': "so let us execute this and we'll see the output.", 'start': 17393.777, 'duration': 4.605}, {'end': 17407.97, 'text': 'So, as you can see, it will display the records of all those employees whose employee ID lies between the range, that is, 110 and 170..', 'start': 17400.165, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 17414.595, 'text': "Now, if any employee who's having their employee ID as 110, even their values are also included in the resultant set.", 'start': 17407.97, 'duration': 6.625}, {'end': 17422.12, 'text': 'And similarly, if any employee has 170 as their employee ID, even their data will be in the resultant set.', 'start': 17414.955, 'duration': 7.165}], 'summary': 'Display records of employees with id between 110 and 170.', 'duration': 28.343, 'max_score': 17393.777, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw17393777.jpg'}, {'end': 17563.266, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17536.043, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 17542.409, 'text': 'Now we can also use the not operator with the between operator to select the values that do not belong to that specified range.', 'start': 17536.043, 'duration': 6.366}, {'end': 17553.839, 'text': 'Now, instead of using between if I mentioned the not between keyword here it will basically display all those records of employees whose salary is not in the range of 35,000 and 55,000..', 'start': 17542.829, 'duration': 11.01}, {'end': 17555.842, 'text': 'Now it will display the records of all those employees.', 'start': 17553.84, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 17563.266, 'text': 'Like if you take Herman Baer, whose salary is 10,000 which is not in the bracket or in the range of 35,000 and 55,000.', 'start': 17555.862, 'duration': 7.404}], 'summary': "Using 'not between' operator to select employees with salaries outside range of 35,000 and 55,000.", 'duration': 27.223, 'max_score': 17536.043, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw17536043.jpg'}], 'start': 16590.473, 'title': 'Sql operators and mysql workbench', 'summary': 'Covers sql group by and order by statements, mysql workbench import and execution of sql queries, understanding sql between operator, and its application with numeric, date, and text values. it also discusses the usage of where, having, and group by clauses in filtering and grouping data in sql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 16941.897, 'start': 16590.473, 'title': 'Sql group by and order by', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of sql group by and order by statements, where it highlights the functionality, syntax, and differences between them, using examples and practical applications.', 'duration': 351.424, 'highlights': ['Group By in SQL helps us club together all identical rows present in the columns of a data. The Group By statement in SQL is used to group together identical rows in columns based on a specified function, facilitating the aggregation of similar data.', 'The SQL group by statement uses the split apply combine technique to split the groups, apply an aggregate function, and combine the values into a single row. The SQL group by statement follows the split apply combine technique to split groups based on values, apply aggregate functions, and then combine the resultant values into a single row, leading to efficient data aggregation.', 'The order by clause in SQL sorts the data of a column in the SQL database in ascending or descending order, based on the specified column name. The order by clause in SQL enables the sorting of column data in both ascending and descending order, providing flexibility in arranging the data based on the specified column name.']}, {'end': 17240.398, 'start': 16942.377, 'title': 'Mysql workbench: group by and order by', 'summary': 'Demonstrates importing and executing sql queries in mysql workbench, including importing a dataset, using group by to count employees in each department, and using order by to sort department ids in ascending order, concluding with a recommendation to learn more about order by statement.', 'duration': 298.021, 'highlights': ['Importing dataset into MySQL Workbench The speaker demonstrates importing a dataset into MySQL Workbench, specifying the location, naming the table, and displaying the imported data, providing practical guidance for executing SQL queries.', 'Using group by to count employees in each department The speaker explains and executes a query to count the total employees in each department using the group by clause, providing a practical example of using SQL aggregate functions to retrieve quantifiable data.', 'Using order by to sort department IDs in ascending order The speaker demonstrates using the order by statement to sort department IDs in ascending order, providing a practical example of organizing and presenting data systematically in SQL queries.', "Recommendation to learn more about order by statement The speaker advises the audience to explore the channel's SQL order by video to gain a deeper understanding of the order by statement, offering additional resources for further learning."]}, {'end': 17514.838, 'start': 17240.638, 'title': 'Understanding sql between operator', 'summary': 'Explains the sql between operator, which is used to test if an expression is within a range of values, and it can be used with select, insert, update, and delete commands. the chapter also discusses the syntax and provides examples of using the between operator to retrieve specific data from a table.', 'duration': 274.2, 'highlights': ['The SQL between operator is used to test whether an expression is within a range of values or not. The chapter introduces the SQL between operator and its purpose in testing expressions within a range of values.', 'The between operator can be used with select insert update as well as the delete command. The chapter mentions the versatility of the between operator, as it can be used with select, insert, update, and delete commands.', 'The chapter provides examples of using the between operator to retrieve specific data from a table, such as retrieving employee IDs and names within a certain range, and sorting results based on salary. The chapter demonstrates the practical application of the between operator, including retrieving employee IDs and names within a specified range and sorting results based on salary.']}, {'end': 18056.504, 'start': 17515.318, 'title': 'Using between operator in sql', 'summary': 'Discusses how to use the between operator in sql, covering its application with numeric, date, and text values, along with examples and syntax. it also highlights the usage of where, having, and group by clauses with examples and syntax, emphasizing their role in filtering and grouping data in sql.', 'duration': 541.186, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses how to use the between operator in SQL, covering its application with numeric, date, and text values. It explains the usage of the between operator with numeric, date, and text values and provides examples of each, demonstrating its versatility in SQL.', 'It also highlights the usage of where, having, and group by clauses with examples and syntax, emphasizing their role in filtering and grouping data in SQL. The chapter elaborates on the usage of where, having, and group by clauses, providing examples and syntax to illustrate their roles in filtering and grouping data in SQL.']}], 'duration': 1466.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw16590473.jpg', 'highlights': ['The SQL group by statement follows the split apply combine technique to split groups based on values, apply aggregate functions, and then combine the resultant values into a single row, leading to efficient data aggregation.', 'The order by clause in SQL enables the sorting of column data in both ascending and descending order, providing flexibility in arranging the data based on the specified column name.', 'Using group by to count employees in each department The speaker explains and executes a query to count the total employees in each department using the group by clause, providing a practical example of using SQL aggregate functions to retrieve quantifiable data.', 'Using order by to sort department IDs in ascending order The speaker demonstrates using the order by statement to sort department IDs in ascending order, providing a practical example of organizing and presenting data systematically in SQL queries.', 'The chapter introduces the SQL between operator and its purpose in testing expressions within a range of values.', 'The between operator can be used with select insert update as well as the delete command. The chapter mentions the versatility of the between operator, as it can be used with select, insert, update, and delete commands.', 'The chapter provides examples of using the between operator to retrieve specific data from a table, such as retrieving employee IDs and names within a certain range, and sorting results based on salary.', 'It explains the usage of the between operator with numeric, date, and text values and provides examples of each, demonstrating its versatility in SQL.', 'The chapter elaborates on the usage of where, having, and group by clauses, providing examples and syntax to illustrate their roles in filtering and grouping data in SQL.']}, {'end': 20514.177, 'segs': [{'end': 18133.66, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18105.287, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 18113.611, 'text': 'Now, where comes before group, by which means that where clause filters rows performing aggregate calculations and having comes after group,', 'start': 18105.287, 'duration': 8.324}, {'end': 18118.793, 'text': 'by which means the having clause filters rows after performing aggregate calculations.', 'start': 18113.611, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 18124.756, 'text': 'So consequently having is slower than where in terms of complexity and efficiency as well.', 'start': 18119.234, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 18133.66, 'text': 'Now, as discussed earlier, where clause cannot contain aggregate functions and having clause can contain aggregate functions such as count, sum,', 'start': 18125.617, 'duration': 8.043}], 'summary': 'Where clause filters rows before group, having clause filters after, making having slower due to complexity and efficiency.', 'duration': 28.373, 'max_score': 18105.287, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18105287.jpg'}, {'end': 18361.159, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18297.348, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 18310.031, 'text': "Now let's say, if I want to update the salary of employee who's having employee ID 116 as let's say 10,000, then the query would be update table name,", 'start': 18297.348, 'duration': 12.683}, {'end': 18311.051, 'text': 'that is, employee one.', 'start': 18310.031, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 18321.403, 'text': 'Set salary equals to 10,000.', 'start': 18313.732, 'duration': 7.671}, {'end': 18327.685, 'text': "where employee ID is equals to, let's say 116.", 'start': 18321.403, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 18332.087, 'text': 'And the employee name is Shelly Baida.', 'start': 18327.685, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 18335.969, 'text': "So I'm just taking that example.", 'start': 18332.127, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 18337.589, 'text': 'So let me just execute this query.', 'start': 18336.009, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 18341.011, 'text': 'So as you can see, our query has been successfully executed.', 'start': 18338.15, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 18344.272, 'text': 'So let me just verify whether it is executed or not.', 'start': 18341.091, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 18358.058, 'text': "So I'll use the SELECT statement SELECT star from employee one where employee id equals to 116.", 'start': 18344.792, 'duration': 13.266}, {'end': 18361.159, 'text': "so let me run this query and we'll see the output.", 'start': 18358.058, 'duration': 3.101}], 'summary': "Updating employee 116's salary to 10,000 and verifying the update.", 'duration': 63.811, 'max_score': 18297.348, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18297348.jpg'}, {'end': 18593.888, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18567.356, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 18574.558, 'text': 'and finally, the having clause is used to filter the grouped data, that is, the identical groups that are having the same values.', 'start': 18567.356, 'duration': 7.202}, {'end': 18580.938, 'text': 'Now as discussed earlier, we have to use the where condition before the group by.', 'start': 18575.814, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 18584.021, 'text': "So I'm just taking the where clause before the group by.", 'start': 18581.018, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 18593.888, 'text': "And let's say if I want to display only those departments that are having more than 80 as the department ID.", 'start': 18584.541, 'duration': 9.347}], 'summary': 'Using having clause to filter grouped data based on condition before group by', 'duration': 26.532, 'max_score': 18567.356, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18567356.jpg'}, {'end': 18688.531, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18667.33, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 18676.843, 'text': 'Now. later, at a different stage, you might need to add some additional requirements where the table might need to have some additional columns,', 'start': 18667.33, 'duration': 9.513}, {'end': 18684.234, 'text': 'or even some columns might require to be deleted, or some column names need to be changed into a new columns within that existing table.', 'start': 18676.843, 'duration': 7.391}, {'end': 18688.531, 'text': 'Now there are mainly two different ways to satisfy this condition.', 'start': 18684.927, 'duration': 3.604}], 'summary': 'Two ways to modify table: add/delete columns, change column names.', 'duration': 21.201, 'max_score': 18667.33, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18667330.jpg'}, {'end': 18736.407, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18713.573, 'weight': 18, 'content': [{'end': 18721.557, 'text': 'delete or modify the columns and the data present in it to the current table without touching the existing columns and its corresponding data.', 'start': 18713.573, 'duration': 7.984}, {'end': 18730.643, 'text': 'Now this is done by using the alter table statement which fulfills the requirement of adding new data within the existing columns.', 'start': 18722.258, 'duration': 8.385}, {'end': 18736.407, 'text': 'Now the alter table statement is used to change the structure of the existing table by adding,', 'start': 18731.443, 'duration': 4.964}], 'summary': 'Using alter table statement to add new data within existing columns.', 'duration': 22.834, 'max_score': 18713.573, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18713573.jpg'}, {'end': 18826.732, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18785.796, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 18805.178, 'text': 'And the query is alter table employee, add column, aadhar number and mention the column data type.', 'start': 18785.796, 'duration': 19.382}, {'end': 18813.041, 'text': 'I am taking varchar and will specify not null as our constraint.', 'start': 18805.438, 'duration': 7.603}, {'end': 18818.783, 'text': 'That means it must have aadhar number for every employee in the table.', 'start': 18813.421, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 18821.37, 'text': 'So let me just execute the statement.', 'start': 18819.87, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 18824.451, 'text': 'So as you can see, our query has been successfully executed.', 'start': 18821.971, 'duration': 2.48}, {'end': 18826.732, 'text': 'So let me just display the values.', 'start': 18824.471, 'duration': 2.261}], 'summary': "Successfully added 'aadhar number' column with varchar data type and not null constraint to employee table.", 'duration': 40.936, 'max_score': 18785.796, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18785796.jpg'}, {'end': 18896.449, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18854.517, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 18860.159, 'text': "Now let's say if I want to add the par number as well as the UAN, that is the universal account number of the employees.", 'start': 18854.517, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 18880.166, 'text': "So the query will be add column, par number, mention the column data type, I'm taking varchar again, comma, UAN number, mention the data type.", 'start': 18860.779, 'duration': 19.387}, {'end': 18891.884, 'text': 'So let us execute this statement and see the output.', 'start': 18889.622, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 18895.087, 'text': 'So our query has been executed successfully.', 'start': 18893.005, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 18896.449, 'text': 'Let us see the output now.', 'start': 18895.187, 'duration': 1.262}], 'summary': 'Adding par number and uan as varchar data types, query executed successfully.', 'duration': 41.932, 'max_score': 18854.517, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18854517.jpg'}, {'end': 19078.906, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19043.154, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 19049.06, 'text': 'So as you can see, the data type of the age column has been changed from varchar to int.', 'start': 19043.154, 'duration': 5.906}, {'end': 19053.966, 'text': 'So in this way, you can use the alter table to modify the column data type as well.', 'start': 19049.421, 'duration': 4.545}, {'end': 19061.199, 'text': 'Now, similarly, we can also modify a new column or an existing column with a default value as well.', 'start': 19055.236, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 19067.221, 'text': "Let's say I want to take a new column bonus, that is the bonus salary for all the employees.", 'start': 19062.019, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 19078.906, 'text': 'So for that, the following query would be alter table employee, alter column is the keyword we use here.', 'start': 19067.641, 'duration': 11.265}], 'summary': 'Data type of age column changed from varchar to int using alter table.', 'duration': 35.752, 'max_score': 19043.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw19043154.jpg'}, {'end': 19216.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19187.174, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 19190.115, 'text': 'let me just select the records.', 'start': 19187.174, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 19198.22, 'text': 'so, as you can see, uh, other number column has been successfully deleted and similarly you can also delete multiple columns as well.', 'start': 19190.115, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 19206.774, 'text': 'All you have to do is just write the same query and put a comma and write again the column drop column keyword here.', 'start': 19199.249, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 19209.717, 'text': "And let's say if I want to delete the pan number as well.", 'start': 19207.075, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 19216.081, 'text': 'So pan number as well as the UN number here now.', 'start': 19210.177, 'duration': 5.904}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to delete columns from records in a query.', 'duration': 28.907, 'max_score': 19187.174, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw19187174.jpg'}, {'end': 19517.719, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19477.193, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 19480.194, 'text': "Now since I want to display all the records, I'm using the star operator.", 'start': 19477.193, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 19491.153, 'text': 'from employees, one where salary is less than and.', 'start': 19481.164, 'duration': 9.989}, {'end': 19505.145, 'text': 'within the parenthesis, we have to mention the sub query, that is, select average salary from employees one table.', 'start': 19491.153, 'duration': 13.992}, {'end': 19507.707, 'text': 'so let us execute the statement and see the output.', 'start': 19505.145, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 19514.578, 'text': 'There is a runner in the code.', 'start': 19513.417, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 19515.318, 'text': 'Just let me check.', 'start': 19514.638, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 19517.719, 'text': 'So yeah, I forgot to mention the parentheses here.', 'start': 19515.678, 'duration': 2.041}], 'summary': 'Using subquery to calculate average salary for records with salary less than a certain value.', 'duration': 40.526, 'max_score': 19477.193, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw19477193.jpg'}, {'end': 19941.756, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19913.604, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 19920.053, 'text': 'Now these SQL functions are basically programs either developed by the user or already provided by the SQL system.', 'start': 19913.604, 'duration': 6.449}, {'end': 19927.202, 'text': 'Now we have several inbuilt functions or the system defined functions like aggregate functions, string functions, date functions etc.', 'start': 19920.493, 'duration': 6.709}, {'end': 19930.667, 'text': 'Now other than that we can create a user defined function as well.', 'start': 19927.603, 'duration': 3.064}, {'end': 19933.529, 'text': 'so firstly let us go through the syntax.', 'start': 19931.087, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 19935.551, 'text': 'uh, on how to create a function.', 'start': 19933.529, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 19941.756, 'text': 'so the syntax is followed as delimiter, which i will explain in a while when we are creating the actual functions.', 'start': 19935.551, 'duration': 6.205}], 'summary': 'Sql functions are user-defined or system-defined, including aggregate, string, and date functions, with the ability to create custom functions.', 'duration': 28.152, 'max_score': 19913.604, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw19913604.jpg'}, {'end': 20062.372, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20021.112, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 20025.655, 'text': "And finally, we'll write the code in the body section after the begin keyword.", 'start': 20021.112, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 20031.338, 'text': 'So this code will be returned in the body of the stored function in the begin end block.', 'start': 20025.955, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 20035.58, 'text': 'Now inside the body section, you need to specify at least one return statement.', 'start': 20031.678, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 20039.222, 'text': 'This return statement basically returns a value to the calling program.', 'start': 20035.82, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 20044.986, 'text': 'Now whenever the return statement is reached, this execution of this function is terminated automatically.', 'start': 20039.683, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 20048.047, 'text': 'So let us now understand this with an example.', 'start': 20045.766, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 20058.35, 'text': 'We have a query here which says like create a function bonus status which has one parameter salary of type car and returns varchar of size 20.', 'start': 20048.927, 'duration': 9.423}, {'end': 20062.372, 'text': 'Now we have to use the following operations in the statement to create this function.', 'start': 20058.35, 'duration': 4.022}], 'summary': 'Creating a stored function with a return statement and an example using sql', 'duration': 41.26, 'max_score': 20021.112, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw20021112.jpg'}], 'start': 18056.504, 'title': 'Sql query functions and performance', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences and usage of sql where and having clause, emphasizing cities with salaries above 40,000, and explains where and having clauses in sql, and mysql column operations. it also delves into sql subqueries and functions, and creating user-defined functions in mysql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 18148.334, 'start': 18056.504, 'title': 'Difference between sql where and having clause', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between sql where and having clause, highlighting that ghaziabad and noida have average salaries above 40,000, with 48,000 being the highest, and emphasizes the distinction in functionality, performance, and usage between the two clauses.', 'duration': 91.83, 'highlights': ['Both Ghaziabad and Noida have average salaries above 40,000, with Noida having the highest at 48,000, showcasing the usage of SQL HAVING clause for filtering results.', 'The WHERE clause filters individual rows based on specific conditions, while the HAVING clause filters groups, with the WHERE clause being used for SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements and the HAVING clause being exclusively used with the SELECT statement.', 'The WHERE clause comes before grouping and filters rows performing aggregate calculations, while the HAVING clause comes after grouping and filters rows after performing aggregate calculations, highlighting the difference in functionality and performance between the two clauses.', 'The WHERE clause cannot contain aggregate functions, whereas the HAVING clause can contain aggregate functions such as count, sum, and average, emphasizing their distinct usage and capabilities.']}, {'end': 18644.723, 'start': 18149.495, 'title': 'Understanding where and having clauses in sql', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of where and having clauses in sql, demonstrating how to filter and group data using logical and comparison operators, and perform operations such as select, update, delete, and aggregate functions.', 'duration': 495.228, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the usage of WHERE and HAVING clauses in SQL, demonstrating how to filter and group data using logical and comparison operators, and perform operations such as select, update, delete, and aggregate functions. Demonstration of usage of WHERE and HAVING clauses, filtering and grouping data, performing select, update, delete, and aggregate functions', 'The chapter illustrates using the WHERE clause to filter records of employees with specific criteria, such as salary less than 5000 and belonging to a particular department, resulting in the display of four relevant employee records. Example of using WHERE clause to filter records based on salary and department, resulting in display of four relevant employee records', 'Demonstrates the use of the UPDATE operation with the WHERE clause to update the salary of a specific employee, showcasing the successful execution and verification of the update. Example of using UPDATE operation with WHERE clause to update employee salary, successful execution and verification', "The chapter explains using the DELETE operation with the WHERE clause to delete employee details based on a specific employee ID, resulting in the successful deletion of the specified employee's details. Explanation of using DELETE operation with WHERE clause to delete employee details based on employee ID, successful deletion of specified employee's details", 'Illustrates the usage of the HAVING clause to display records of employees in different departments with an average salary greater than 5000, showcasing the successful execution and display of relevant data. Illustration of using HAVING clause to display records of employees with average salary greater than 5000, successful execution and display of relevant data']}, {'end': 19263.627, 'start': 18645.882, 'title': 'Mysql workbench column operations', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of column operations in mysql, emphasizing the use of alter table statement to add, delete, modify columns and data without disrupting existing data, including adding multiple columns, modifying column names, data types, setting default values, and dropping columns.', 'duration': 617.745, 'highlights': ['The alter table statement is crucial for adding, deleting, or modifying columns and their data in MySQL, providing a way to change the structure of an existing table without modifying the data, thus avoiding time-consuming data copying processes.', 'Using the alter table statement, users can add multiple columns to an existing table, as demonstrated by the addition of Aadhaar number, PAN number, and UAN number to the employee table, showcasing the flexibility and scalability of column addition.', 'The alter table statement can be used to modify column names, data types, and set default values, exemplified by the change of the salary column name to total salary, modification of the age data type from varchar to int, and setting a default value of 15,000 for the bonus column, demonstrating the versatility of column modification.', 'Additionally, the alter table statement allows the deletion of unnecessary columns from a table, as shown by the successful deletion of the Aadhaar number, PAN number, and UAN number columns from the employee table, highlighting the capability to streamline and optimize the table structure.', 'The alter table statement is also utilized to add and drop various constraints on an existing table, providing the flexibility to specify null or not null values for columns, further showcasing the comprehensive functionality of column operations in SQL.']}, {'end': 20019.836, 'start': 19264.067, 'title': 'Sql subqueries and functions', 'summary': 'Discusses sql subqueries, which are used within another query to execute a dependent query, and explains how subqueries are used with the select, insert, update, and delete statements. it also touches on the syntax and usage of functions in sql.', 'duration': 755.769, 'highlights': ['Subqueries in SQL are used with the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. Subqueries are versatile and can be used with different SQL statements to execute dependent queries.', 'Subqueries allow the user to fetch results without writing two distinct queries, saving time. Subqueries streamline the process by allowing the user to fetch results without the need for separate queries, resulting in time savings.', "The outer query's result is dependent on the result set of the inner query in a subquery. The result set of the inner query affects the outcome of the outer query, demonstrating the dependence of the outer query on the inner query.", 'The chapter also introduces the concept and syntax of SQL functions. In addition to subqueries, the chapter introduces SQL functions and explains their purpose and syntax.']}, {'end': 20514.177, 'start': 20021.112, 'title': 'Creating user-defined functions in mysql', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating user-defined functions in mysql, using a specific example to demonstrate the syntax and execution, and later showcasing how to use the created function to determine bonus eligibility for employees in a table.', 'duration': 493.065, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of creating user-defined functions in MySQL It provides an overview of the process involved in creating user-defined functions in MySQL.', 'demonstrate the syntax and execution of a specific function creation example It demonstrates the syntax and execution of a specific function creation example, including the use of parameters and return statements.', 'showcasing how to use the created function to determine bonus eligibility for employees in a table It shows how the created function can be used to determine bonus eligibility for employees in a table based on their total salary, with specific examples and outcomes provided.']}], 'duration': 2457.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw18056504.jpg', 'highlights': ['Noida has the highest average salary at 48,000, showcasing SQL HAVING clause usage.', 'WHERE clause filters rows based on specific conditions, HAVING clause filters groups.', 'WHERE clause comes before grouping, HAVING clause comes after grouping.', 'WHERE clause cannot contain aggregate functions, HAVING clause can.', 'Explains usage of WHERE and HAVING clauses in SQL for filtering and grouping data.', 'Illustrates using WHERE clause to filter records based on salary and department.', 'Demonstrates successful execution and verification of UPDATE operation with WHERE clause.', "Explanation of successful deletion of specified employee's details using DELETE operation with WHERE clause.", 'Alter table statement crucial for adding, deleting, or modifying columns and their data in MySQL.', 'Demonstrates adding multiple columns to an existing table using alter table statement.', 'Alter table statement used to modify column names, data types, and set default values.', 'Allows deletion of unnecessary columns from a table using alter table statement.', 'Subqueries in SQL used with SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.', 'Subqueries allow fetching results without writing two distinct queries, saving time.', "Outer query's result is dependent on the result set of the inner query in a subquery.", 'Introduces the concept and syntax of SQL functions.', 'Explains the process of creating user-defined functions in MySQL.', 'Demonstrates syntax and execution of a specific function creation example.', 'Shows how the created function can be used to determine bonus eligibility for employees.']}, {'end': 21438.978, 'segs': [{'end': 20557.344, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20533.627, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 20540.754, 'text': 'now. the other important thing to notice here is that we have used the function as a column, as a parameter, in our select query.', 'start': 20533.627, 'duration': 7.127}, {'end': 20549.561, 'text': 'now we have passed the parameter that is total salary into our function, that is bonus status, and the function returned a result of this calculation.', 'start': 20540.754, 'duration': 8.807}, {'end': 20557.344, 'text': 'Now, in this way, SQL function can be very useful, as we have avoided writing complex calculations in a select query,', 'start': 20550.322, 'duration': 7.022}], 'summary': 'Using sql functions as parameters in select queries can simplify complex calculations.', 'duration': 23.717, 'max_score': 20533.627, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw20533627.jpg'}, {'end': 20884.735, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20856.201, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 20861.366, 'text': "After executing commit command, any transaction can't be used for rollback, which we've discussed earlier.", 'start': 20856.201, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 20869.294, 'text': 'And on the other hand, after executing the rollback command, a transaction can be still modified and sent for commit again.', 'start': 20861.907, 'duration': 7.387}, {'end': 20876.301, 'text': "So now that we've understood what commit and rollback are, let us jump into MySQL Workbench for execution part.", 'start': 20870.275, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 20884.735, 'text': 'As you can see, MySQL workbench has started and now by default, MySQL automatically commits the changes permanently to the database.', 'start': 20877.307, 'duration': 7.428}], 'summary': "After executing commit, transactions can't be rolled back; mysql automatically commits changes.", 'duration': 28.534, 'max_score': 20856.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw20856201.jpg'}, {'end': 21068.605, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21016.339, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 21018.1, 'text': "So for that I'm using the update statement.", 'start': 21016.339, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 21021.343, 'text': 'Update the table name that is employee1.', 'start': 21019.081, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 21032.29, 'text': 'Set total salary as 35,000.', 'start': 21023.244, 'duration': 9.046}, {'end': 21036.931, 'text': 'where employee id equals to 1013 right.', 'start': 21032.29, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 21039.792, 'text': 'so let us execute this statement.', 'start': 21036.931, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 21044.192, 'text': 'so, as you can see, one row has been affected and our query has been executed successfully.', 'start': 21039.792, 'duration': 4.4}, {'end': 21052.914, 'text': 'let me just display the records again so, as you can see, uh employee sanjana, whose employee id is 1013, her sal, a total salary,', 'start': 21044.192, 'duration': 8.722}, {'end': 21054.334, 'text': 'has been changed to 35 000, which was earlier 30 000..', 'start': 21052.914, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 21058.72, 'text': "now, let's say in future.", 'start': 21054.334, 'duration': 4.386}, {'end': 21065.423, 'text': 'i have this requirement where i want to have the original salary or the previous salary now.', 'start': 21058.72, 'duration': 6.703}, {'end': 21068.605, 'text': 'for that i can use the rollback here.', 'start': 21065.423, 'duration': 3.182}], 'summary': 'Updated employee1 table, set total salary to 35,000 for employee id 1013. one row affected, query executed successfully.', 'duration': 52.266, 'max_score': 21016.339, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw21016339.jpg'}, {'end': 21154.696, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21120.459, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 21134.692, 'text': 'So delete from employee one where designation equals to business analyst.', 'start': 21120.459, 'duration': 14.233}, {'end': 21139.216, 'text': 'right, so let me just execute this statement.', 'start': 21134.692, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 21148.423, 'text': 'okay, sorry, the column name has been written wrong, so that is why it is showing me as error.', 'start': 21139.216, 'duration': 9.207}, {'end': 21154.696, 'text': 'So, as you can see, our query has been successfully executed and it shows three rows are affected.', 'start': 21150.472, 'duration': 4.224}], 'summary': 'Successfully deleted one employee with designation as business analyst, affecting three rows.', 'duration': 34.237, 'max_score': 21120.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw21120459.jpg'}], 'start': 20514.557, 'title': 'Using sql functions and commit/rollback in sql', 'summary': 'Covers using sql functions for salary calculation with a condition of salary > 35,000, and demonstrates benefits. it also explains commit and rollback in sql, their significance, usage, and differences, with specific examples of updating, deleting records, and their rollback.', 'chapters': [{'end': 20557.344, 'start': 20514.557, 'title': 'Using sql functions for salary calculation', 'summary': 'Explains how to use sql functions to calculate salary, with a specific condition that the salary should be greater than 35,000, and demonstrates the benefits of using functions to simplify complex calculations in a select query.', 'duration': 42.787, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the use of SQL functions to calculate salary, with a specified condition that the salary should be greater than 35,000.', 'It emphasizes the benefit of using functions to simplify complex calculations in a select query.', 'The function returned a result of the salary calculation based on the specified condition.']}, {'end': 20920.503, 'start': 20557.344, 'title': 'Understanding commit and rollback in sql', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of commit and rollback in sql, where commit is used to save changes permanently and rollback is used to undo changes and restore previous states, with examples and differences between the two commands.', 'duration': 363.159, 'highlights': ['Commit command in SQL The commit command in SQL saves all the changes made by a transaction, making them visible to other users, and the database cannot be restored to its previous state once the commit command is executed.', 'Rollback command in SQL The rollback command in SQL is used to revert changes performed by a transaction, restoring the original state, and it can be used after an unsuccessful transaction.', 'Differences between commit and rollback The commit is used to save changes permanently, whereas the rollback is used to undo changes and restore previous states, and after executing the commit command, the transaction cannot be used for rollback.']}, {'end': 21438.978, 'start': 20920.543, 'title': 'Commit and rollback in sql', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of commit and rollback commands in sql, demonstrating the permanent changes made by the commit command and the ability of the rollback command to revert changes, with specific examples of updating and deleting records and their subsequent rollback.', 'duration': 518.435, 'highlights': ['The commit command permanently saves the changes made to a database table. The commit command is used to permanently save changes made to a database table, demonstrating the permanent nature of the update to the salary of an employee in the example.', "The rollback command reverts changes made to a table to its previous state. The rollback command successfully reverts the changes made to the employee's salary and the deletion of records in the example, showcasing its ability to undo transactions and cancel changes.", "Executing transactions after the commit command prevents further changes to the records. Performing transactions after the commit command results in the inability to make further changes to the records, as seen in the example where the employee's salary is updated and records are deleted after the commit command."]}], 'duration': 924.421, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw20514557.jpg', 'highlights': ['The commit command permanently saves the changes made to a database table.', 'The rollback command reverts changes made to a table to its previous state.', 'The function returned a result of the salary calculation based on the specified condition.', 'Differences between commit and rollback The commit is used to save changes permanently, whereas the rollback is used to undo changes and restore previous states, and after executing the commit command, the transaction cannot be used for rollback.', 'It emphasizes the benefit of using functions to simplify complex calculations in a select query.']}, {'end': 23133.531, 'segs': [{'end': 21817.481, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21793.257, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 21800.66, 'text': 'As you can see, MySQL workbench has started and in order to execute the SQL like operator, let us consider a following table in our database.', 'start': 21793.257, 'duration': 7.403}, {'end': 21805.202, 'text': "Let's say new employees on which will apply various operations using the like operator.", 'start': 21800.68, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 21809.264, 'text': 'So let me first display the records that are presenting the new employees table.', 'start': 21805.563, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 21814.987, 'text': "And for that, I'm using the select operator and the query select star from new employees.", 'start': 21809.424, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 21817.481, 'text': 'So let me just execute this.', 'start': 21816.24, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Using mysql workbench to execute sql like operator on new employees table.', 'duration': 24.224, 'max_score': 21793.257, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw21793257.jpg'}, {'end': 21856.029, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21828.564, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 21835.625, 'text': 'So firstly let us discuss some examples, using the percent wildcard, which basically uses the percentage sign right?', 'start': 21828.564, 'duration': 7.061}, {'end': 21843.407, 'text': "So let's say if I want to fix the details of all those employees whose first name starts with A, or let's say S,", 'start': 21835.985, 'duration': 7.422}, {'end': 21851.528, 'text': 'then the following query would be select star from the table name, that is, new employees.', 'start': 21843.407, 'duration': 8.121}, {'end': 21856.029, 'text': 'Where is the conditional clause?', 'start': 21852.888, 'duration': 3.141}], 'summary': 'Using the percent wildcard to filter employees by first name.', 'duration': 27.465, 'max_score': 21828.564, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw21828564.jpg'}, {'end': 22277.671, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22244.195, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 22246.556, 'text': "so let me just execute this statement and we'll see the output.", 'start': 22244.195, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 22252.557, 'text': 'So, as you can see, we have two records of employees Susan Mavris and Sigal Tobias.', 'start': 22248.154, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 22260.821, 'text': 'Now, if you look carefully, Susan, whose first name has a total of five characters, that is S-U-S-A, and that is five.', 'start': 22252.877, 'duration': 7.944}, {'end': 22262.602, 'text': 'And similarly, we have Sigal.', 'start': 22261.141, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 22269.086, 'text': "Now, if you want at least, let's say, five characters in length, then you have to mention the percentage sign.", 'start': 22263.103, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 22277.671, 'text': "So it basically means the employee's name will start with S and it will have at least five characters in length.", 'start': 22270.647, 'duration': 7.024}], 'summary': 'Demo of using sql to filter employees with specific name length.', 'duration': 33.476, 'max_score': 22244.195, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw22244195.jpg'}, {'end': 22922.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22861.54, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 22872.508, 'text': "we are writing the order by clause and we'll mention the expression as and we'll give a alias name to this dense rank function from the table name.", 'start': 22861.54, 'duration': 10.968}, {'end': 22882.614, 'text': 'So now, basically, the function is always used with over clause here, which will always assign rank on basis of the order by clause,', 'start': 22874.13, 'duration': 8.484}, {'end': 22885.596, 'text': 'and the rank is also assigned to the rows in a sequential manner.', 'start': 22882.614, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 22894.42, 'text': 'That is the assignment of rank to these rows will always start from one and the next value will be one greater than the previous rank aside.', 'start': 22885.696, 'duration': 8.724}, {'end': 22896.781, 'text': 'So let us understand this with an example.', 'start': 22894.9, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 22903.585, 'text': "Now let's say I'll use the select clause here and I want to display the employee ID.", 'start': 22897.542, 'duration': 6.043}, {'end': 22913.601, 'text': 'The first name of the employee, last name, comma salary.', 'start': 22906.414, 'duration': 7.187}, {'end': 22922.891, 'text': "And next I'll mention the dense rank keyword, over.", 'start': 22913.621, 'duration': 9.27}], 'summary': 'Dense rank function assigns sequential ranks to rows based on order by clause.', 'duration': 61.351, 'max_score': 22861.54, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw22861540.jpg'}, {'end': 23032.609, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23001.404, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 23003.925, 'text': 'and the rank is assigned as 5, which is same.', 'start': 23001.404, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 23010.075, 'text': 'Now if you carefully look here, it will assign rank based on the value and not on the number.', 'start': 23004.625, 'duration': 5.45}, {'end': 23016.487, 'text': 'So even if the values are repeated, it will assign the same rank to that value.', 'start': 23010.796, 'duration': 5.691}, {'end': 23022.184, 'text': "So I hope you've understood how to use the dense rank function here.", 'start': 23019.022, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 23027.186, 'text': "Now let's say to find the nth highest salary, we'll have to use a sub query here.", 'start': 23022.584, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 23032.609, 'text': "Now basically I'll keep this as a sub query here and I'll use another select statement.", 'start': 23027.327, 'duration': 5.282}], 'summary': 'The dense rank function assigns rank based on value, not number. subquery used to find nth highest salary.', 'duration': 31.205, 'max_score': 23001.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw23001404.jpg'}], 'start': 21440.822, 'title': 'Sql commands and operators', 'summary': 'Covers sql commit and rollback commands, sql like operator for pattern matching with wildcard characters, finding employee details and nth highest salary using sql queries, and usage of mysql denserank function for assigning sequential ranks to rows.', 'chapters': [{'end': 21479.02, 'start': 21440.822, 'title': 'Commit and rollback in sql', 'summary': 'Discusses the commit and rollback commands in sql, where the commit command ensures permanent changes after successful transactions, and the rollback command reverts changes in case of transaction errors.', 'duration': 38.198, 'highlights': ['The commit statement in SQL ensures that the changes made by transactions are permanently saved in the database after successful completion.', 'The rollback statement in SQL is used to undo or revert the changes done by transactions in case of errors during execution.']}, {'end': 22004.511, 'start': 21479.58, 'title': 'Understanding sql like operator', 'summary': 'Explains the use of sql like operator for pattern matching, including the wildcard characters % and underscore, with examples of different pattern matching operations, such as finding values starting or ending with specific characters, and using % and _ in different positions, and executing queries to retrieve specific records based on the patterns, also demonstrating the use of sql like operator in mysql workbench with various examples and operations.', 'duration': 524.931, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the use of SQL LIKE operator for pattern matching, including the wildcard characters % and underscore, with examples of different pattern matching operations, such as finding values starting or ending with specific characters, and using % and _ in different positions. It elaborates on how the SQL LIKE operator is used for pattern matching in SQL queries, including the utilization of wildcard characters % and underscore, with examples of finding values starting or ending with specific characters, and using % and _ in different positions.', 'Executing queries to retrieve specific records based on the patterns, also demonstrating the use of SQL LIKE operator in MySQL Workbench with various examples and operations. It demonstrates the execution of SQL queries to retrieve specific records based on patterns using the SQL LIKE operator, and further showcases the practical application of SQL LIKE operator in MySQL Workbench with various examples and operations.', 'Examples of different pattern matching operations, such as finding values starting or ending with specific characters, and using % and _ in different positions. It provides examples of different pattern matching operations, such as finding values starting or ending with specific characters, and using % and _ in different positions to illustrate the functionality of the SQL LIKE operator.']}, {'end': 22822.917, 'start': 22004.711, 'title': 'Finding employee details and nth highest salary', 'summary': 'Explains how to find employee details based on salary range and name pattern using sql queries, and also discusses the process of finding the nth highest salary using the limit clause and subqueries, with examples and detailed explanations. it also covers using the underscore character to find employees with specific name lengths.', 'duration': 818.206, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains how to use SQL queries to find employee details based on salary range and name patterns. The transcript provides examples of using SQL queries to find employees based on salary ranges and name patterns, demonstrating the use of 'like' and 'between' operators to retrieve specific employee details.", 'It discusses the process of finding the nth highest salary using the limit clause and subqueries, with examples and detailed explanations. The transcript explains the process of finding the nth highest salary using the limit clause and subqueries, providing detailed examples and explanations for implementing this in SQL.', 'The chapter also covers using the underscore character to find employees with specific name lengths. The transcript discusses using the underscore character to find employees with specific name lengths, demonstrating how to use the underscore to retrieve employees with a particular number of characters in their names.']}, {'end': 23133.531, 'start': 22823.337, 'title': 'Using mysql denserank function', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of the mysql denserank function to assign sequential ranks to rows based on the order by clause, illustrated with an example of finding the nth highest salary using a subquery and demonstrating the assignment of ranks to repeated values.', 'duration': 310.194, 'highlights': ['The MySQL denseRank function assigns sequential ranks to rows based on the order by clause, starting from one. The denseRank function in MySQL assigns sequential ranks to rows based on the order by clause, starting from one, and assigns the next rank as one greater than the previous rank.', 'Illustration of using the denseRank function to find the nth highest salary using a subquery and demonstrating the assignment of ranks to repeated values. The transcript provides an example of using the denseRank function to find the nth highest salary using a subquery and demonstrates the assignment of ranks to repeated values, showing that even if the values are repeated, the same rank is assigned to that value.', "Demonstration of correcting the error of not providing an alias name to the table in the subquery. The transcript demonstrates the correction of an error by providing an alias name to the table in the subquery to resolve the issue of 'every derived table must have its own alias name.'"]}], 'duration': 1692.709, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw21440822.jpg', 'highlights': ['The commit statement in SQL ensures that the changes made by transactions are permanently saved in the database after successful completion.', 'The rollback statement in SQL is used to undo or revert the changes done by transactions in case of errors during execution.', 'The chapter explains the use of SQL LIKE operator for pattern matching, including the wildcard characters % and underscore, with examples of different pattern matching operations.', 'Executing queries to retrieve specific records based on the patterns, also demonstrating the use of SQL LIKE operator in MySQL Workbench with various examples and operations.', 'The chapter explains how to use SQL queries to find employee details based on salary range and name patterns.', 'It discusses the process of finding the nth highest salary using the limit clause and subqueries, with examples and detailed explanations.', 'The MySQL denseRank function assigns sequential ranks to rows based on the order by clause, starting from one.', 'Illustration of using the denseRank function to find the nth highest salary using a subquery and demonstrating the assignment of ranks to repeated values.']}, {'end': 23998.213, 'segs': [{'end': 23197.219, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23158.1, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 23167.463, 'text': 'Web storage API offers a really nice way to store key value pair data information within the user browser itself without any hassle and in a convenient way.', 'start': 23158.1, 'duration': 9.363}, {'end': 23173.325, 'text': 'But what if you need to store complex relational data and perform simple or complex queries on this data?', 'start': 23167.983, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 23177.127, 'text': 'Well, web storage does not allow this, but WebSQL database does.', 'start': 23173.806, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 23187.473, 'text': 'Basically, WebSQL Database is a web browser API specification for storing and managing data in databases that can be queried using a variant of SQL.', 'start': 23177.927, 'duration': 9.546}, {'end': 23190.875, 'text': 'That means just like any other SQL databases,', 'start': 23187.953, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 23197.219, 'text': 'WebSQL also provides a way to store the data in the database that can be queried using various SQL statements.', 'start': 23190.875, 'duration': 6.344}], 'summary': 'Web storage api offers key-value pair storage, but websql allows storing and querying relational data using sql.', 'duration': 39.119, 'max_score': 23158.1, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw23158100.jpg'}, {'end': 23998.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23970.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 23976.595, 'text': 'And again, this is completely based on HTML guys, so you might need a reference of HTML first to understand this.', 'start': 23970.089, 'duration': 6.506}, {'end': 23985.602, 'text': 'So I would recommend you to first check the HTML videos on tags, attributes and all so that it will be clear.', 'start': 23976.635, 'duration': 8.967}, {'end': 23990.066, 'text': 'So let me just execute this statement now and let us see the output.', 'start': 23986.183, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 23993.569, 'text': 'So we have to save the file in the HTML format.', 'start': 23990.827, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 23998.213, 'text': 'Let me just open the file.', 'start': 23996.531, 'duration': 1.682}], 'summary': 'The transcript emphasizes the importance of understanding html before executing a statement and saving the file in html format.', 'duration': 28.124, 'max_score': 23970.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw23970089.jpg'}], 'start': 23133.911, 'title': 'Websql database operations', 'summary': 'Covers the functionality, usage, limitations, and security concerns of websql database, along with support from browsers, core methods, database creation, table creation, record insertion, data reading and display, sql queries, and callback functions in websql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 23608.3, 'start': 23133.911, 'title': 'Websql database overview', 'summary': 'Explains the functionality of websql database, its usage, limitations, and security concerns, including the support from browsers and core methods. it also details the process of creating and opening a database, and the usage of transactions and execute sql method.', 'duration': 474.389, 'highlights': ['WebSQL Database is a web browser API specification for storing and managing data in databases that can be queried using a variant of SQL. Explains the purpose of WebSQL Database and its capability to store and manage data using SQL.', 'W3C stopped supporting the usage of WebSQL database specification, but it is still implemented and supported by some browsers like Google Chrome, Android, and some mobile versions of Safari and Apple iOS. Highlights the lack of support from W3C but mentions the continued implementation and support from specific browsers.', 'WebSQL helps developers to perform database operations on the client side, like creating databases, opening transactions, creating tables, inserting values to tables, deleting and reading data from it. Describes the capabilities of WebSQL in performing various database operations on the client side.', 'The three core methods in WebSQL are open database, transaction, and execute SQL. Lists the core methods of WebSQL, essential for performing CRUD operations and executing SQL queries.', 'Creating an opening database in WebSQL involves using the open database method, which creates a database object and accepts parameters such as database name, version number, text description, size, and creation callback. Details the process of creating and opening a database in WebSQL, including the parameters for the open database method.']}, {'end': 23998.213, 'start': 23608.74, 'title': 'Websql database operations', 'summary': 'Covers the creation of a table, insertion of records, reading and displaying data using execute sql method, with examples of sql queries and use of callback functions in websql.', 'duration': 389.473, 'highlights': ['Creating a new table with execute SQL method to add columns like ID, first name, last name using primary key and unique keyword. The speaker demonstrates the use of execute SQL method to create a new table in WebSQL with columns like ID, first name, last name, using primary key and unique keyword to uniquely identify and record.', 'Inserting records into the table using the execute SQL method with examples of SQL queries for inserting multiple records. The speaker explains the process of inserting records into the table using the execute SQL method, providing examples of SQL queries to insert multiple records into the table.', "Reading and displaying the inserted records using execute SQL command with a callback method to process the result of the query. The chapter explains how to read and display the inserted records using the execute SQL command with a callback method to process the result of the query, which iterates through the rows and formats the person's name in the list."]}], 'duration': 864.302, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw23133911.jpg', 'highlights': ['WebSQL Database is a web browser API specification for storing and managing data in databases using SQL.', 'W3C stopped supporting the usage of WebSQL database specification, but it is still implemented and supported by some browsers.', 'WebSQL helps developers to perform database operations on the client side, like creating databases, opening transactions, creating tables, inserting values to tables, deleting and reading data from it.', 'The three core methods in WebSQL are open database, transaction, and execute SQL.', 'Creating an opening database in WebSQL involves using the open database method, which creates a database object and accepts parameters such as database name, version number, text description, size, and creation callback.', 'Creating a new table with execute SQL method to add columns like ID, first name, last name using primary key and unique keyword.', 'Inserting records into the table using the execute SQL method with examples of SQL queries for inserting multiple records.', 'Reading and displaying the inserted records using execute SQL command with a callback method to process the result of the query.']}, {'end': 25021.602, 'segs': [{'end': 24055.23, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24024.864, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 24027.286, 'text': 'it will insert the values into our table now.', 'start': 24024.864, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 24030.77, 'text': 'similarly, you can add a number of values as per your choice.', 'start': 24027.286, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 24040.579, 'text': 'let us take another example here ids3, name kiran and location as channel.', 'start': 24030.77, 'duration': 9.809}, {'end': 24045.343, 'text': 'So in this way we can add values into our table.', 'start': 24043.021, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 24052.508, 'text': 'It will keep on adding every time you insert a new value into these three columns, that is ID, name, and location.', 'start': 24045.403, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 24055.23, 'text': 'So that was all about WebSQL, guys.', 'start': 24052.969, 'duration': 2.261}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates inserting values into a table in websql, showcasing flexibility and functionality.', 'duration': 30.366, 'max_score': 24024.864, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw24024864.jpg'}, {'end': 24172.678, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24146.509, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 24156.173, 'text': "Here I'm taking a string value which is 76.87 and I'm converting this data type into the int value.", 'start': 24146.509, 'duration': 9.664}, {'end': 24161.695, 'text': 'Now the output is as expected that is 76 which is an integer value.', 'start': 24156.633, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 24167.716, 'text': 'In this way you can use the cast function to change one data type to another data type in real time.', 'start': 24162.075, 'duration': 5.641}, {'end': 24172.678, 'text': 'Next let us discuss about what is convert function.', 'start': 24169.677, 'duration': 3.001}], 'summary': 'Converting 76.87 to int gives 76, showing data type conversion using cast function.', 'duration': 26.169, 'max_score': 24146.509, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw24146509.jpg'}, {'end': 24306.666, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24273.71, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 24275.971, 'text': 'So in this way you can use the convert function as well.', 'start': 24273.71, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 24282.016, 'text': 'Let us now understand the difference between the cast and convert function in SQL.', 'start': 24277.591, 'duration': 4.425}, {'end': 24285.98, 'text': 'Now, both these SQL conversion functions are row functions,', 'start': 24282.516, 'duration': 3.464}, {'end': 24292.087, 'text': 'which are capable of typecasting column values or an expression from one data type to another,', 'start': 24285.98, 'duration': 6.107}, {'end': 24298.835, 'text': 'and the functionality of both of the functions are almost similar, but there are some major differences in them as well.', 'start': 24292.087, 'duration': 6.748}, {'end': 24306.666, 'text': 'Now, both the cast and convert functions are obviously used to convert one data type to another data type,', 'start': 24299.98, 'duration': 6.686}], 'summary': 'Sql cast and convert functions typecast data with some differences.', 'duration': 32.956, 'max_score': 24273.71, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw24273710.jpg'}, {'end': 24459.49, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24428.415, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 24432.097, 'text': 'So these were some major differences between the cast and convert function.', 'start': 24428.415, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 24434.677, 'text': 'I know you might be confusing at first,', 'start': 24432.497, 'duration': 2.18}, {'end': 24442.58, 'text': "because there isn't much difference between these two functions and also there is no difference in the performance of these two functions as well.", 'start': 24434.677, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 24446.141, 'text': "So it's just a matter of preference to choose which function to use.", 'start': 24442.94, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 24454.066, 'text': 'You can choose to use cast when you work with multiple relational databases and the syntaxes are pretty standardized, easy to remember.', 'start': 24446.641, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 24459.49, 'text': 'And since it is an ANSI standard function, you can use it in any database as well.', 'start': 24454.626, 'duration': 4.864}], 'summary': 'Cast and convert functions have minor differences, yet similar performance. use cast for standardized syntax and ansi compatibility.', 'duration': 31.075, 'max_score': 24428.415, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw24428415.jpg'}], 'start': 24000.029, 'title': 'Sql and mysql conversion functions', 'summary': 'Demonstrates working with websql, creating and inserting values into a table, sql cast and convert functions, and mysql cast and convert functions. it includes examples of adding new records, table structure, and converting various data types.', 'chapters': [{'end': 24055.23, 'start': 24000.029, 'title': 'Working with websql', 'summary': 'Illustrates the process of creating and inserting values into a websql table, with examples of adding new records and the structure of the table.', 'duration': 55.201, 'highlights': ['Values insertion process demonstrated with specific examples, including adding records with ID, name, and location, showcasing the functionality of WebSQL.', 'Explanation of the process of creating a file and opening it, displaying the ID, name, and location fields, and inserting values into the table.', 'Emphasizing the capability to add multiple values into the table and the continuous addition of records with each insertion.']}, {'end': 24514.333, 'start': 24055.45, 'title': 'Sql conversion functions', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of cast and convert functions in sql, with the cast function being a commonly used conversion function to convert data types, and the convert function being similar but allowing more flexibility in formatting data types and is specific to microsoft sql server.', 'duration': 458.883, 'highlights': ['Usage of Cast Function The cast function in SQL is one of the most commonly used conversion functions, allowing the user to convert from one data type to another and is very useful for concatenating results from various data types.', 'Syntax of Cast Function The syntax of cast function is followed as cast expression as data type length, where the expression represents the data to be converted and the data type specifies the target data type.', 'Usage of Convert Function The convert function converts an expression from one data type to another and is useful for converting strings to date formats, with the syntax followed as convert expression comma data type.', 'Difference Between Cast and Convert Functions The cast and convert functions are both used for typecasting column values or expressions, with the main differences being in syntax, portability, flexibility, and formatting abilities.', "Preference and Usage of Functions It's a matter of preference to choose between the cast and convert functions, with cast being more standardized and portable, while convert allows for more flexibility and formatting abilities, especially for date time values."]}, {'end': 25021.602, 'start': 24514.854, 'title': 'Mysql conversion functions', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the cast function to convert data types, including examples of converting string values to integer, date, and date time data types, as well as rounding off decimal values. it also explores the usage of the convert function to change data types such as decimal, date time, year, and time, with examples demonstrating the conversion process.', 'duration': 506.748, 'highlights': ['The cast function converts string values to different data types, such as integer, date, and date time, and can also be used to change the data type of column values in tables. The cast function can convert string values to different data types, such as integer and date time, and can also change the data type of column values in tables.', 'Demonstrates rounding off decimal values using the cast function, with examples showing the conversion of decimal values to integer and rounding off to the nearest decimal value. The cast function is used to round off decimal values, converting them to integers and rounding off to the nearest decimal value.', 'The convert function is utilized to change data types such as decimal, date time, year, and time, with examples showcasing the conversion process and resultant output. The convert function is used to change data types, such as decimal, date time, year, and time, with examples demonstrating the conversion process and resultant output.']}], 'duration': 1021.573, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw24000029.jpg', 'highlights': ['Values insertion process demonstrated with specific examples, including adding records with ID, name, and location, showcasing the functionality of WebSQL.', 'Demonstrates working with websql, creating and inserting values into a table, sql cast and convert functions, and mysql cast and convert functions.', 'Usage of Cast Function The cast function in SQL is one of the most commonly used conversion functions, allowing the user to convert from one data type to another and is very useful for concatenating results from various data types.', 'The cast function converts string values to different data types, such as integer, date, and date time, and can also be used to change the data type of column values in tables.', 'Demonstrates rounding off decimal values using the cast function, with examples showing the conversion of decimal values to integer and rounding off to the nearest decimal value.', 'The convert function is utilized to change data types such as decimal, date time, year, and time, with examples showcasing the conversion process and resultant output.']}, {'end': 28462.687, 'segs': [{'end': 25302.046, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25273.581, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 25282.433, 'text': 'Now, views provide security to the data, acting as a security mechanism, and views can actually enhance security by restricting data access to users.', 'start': 25273.581, 'duration': 8.852}, {'end': 25288.381, 'text': 'For instance, we can limit a user from accessing the actual table that contains sensitive data,', 'start': 25282.773, 'duration': 5.608}, {'end': 25292.222, 'text': 'but provide access to the view that has only insensitive data.', 'start': 25288.781, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 25294.103, 'text': "Let's take an example to understand this.", 'start': 25292.482, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 25302.046, 'text': 'Now in a company there is an employee HR and a manager who might be working on a same database table to fetch some information.', 'start': 25294.143, 'duration': 7.903}], 'summary': 'Views enhance security by restricting data access to users.', 'duration': 28.465, 'max_score': 25273.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25273581.jpg'}, {'end': 25387.149, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25340.384, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 25348.952, 'text': 'Now views are introduced or whatever actually introduced to reduce the complexity of the multiple tables and deliver data in a simple manner.', 'start': 25340.384, 'duration': 8.568}, {'end': 25359.801, 'text': 'Views, hide the complexity of the data in the database as they join and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual table which is easier for user to understand.', 'start': 25349.392, 'duration': 10.409}, {'end': 25364.145, 'text': 'And finally because of consistency reasons.', 'start': 25360.782, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 25372.301, 'text': 'Now views also maintain the data integrity as it presents a consistent and accurate data from the database.', 'start': 25364.997, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 25380.685, 'text': 'You can easily make changes to the views according to the user requirement and the effect of the same will be seen quickly in a quick manner.', 'start': 25372.661, 'duration': 8.024}, {'end': 25387.149, 'text': "So now that we've understood why we use views in SQL, let us just quickly get into the execution part now.", 'start': 25380.926, 'duration': 6.223}], 'summary': 'Views simplify complex data by joining multiple tables, maintaining data integrity, and allowing quick changes according to user requirements.', 'duration': 46.765, 'max_score': 25340.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25340384.jpg'}, {'end': 25616.704, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25578.296, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 25580.718, 'text': 'Let me just display the values now.', 'start': 25578.296, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 25584.941, 'text': 'So as you can see a total of five records have been inserted into our table.', 'start': 25581.718, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 25589.584, 'text': 'Now we can proceed into creating a view for our table customer.', 'start': 25585.301, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 25598.746, 'text': "Now to begin with, we'll create a simple view from our customer table, which is an existing table, which we've created just now.", 'start': 25591.963, 'duration': 6.783}, {'end': 25603.228, 'text': 'So the following syntax would be create view, which is the keyword we use.', 'start': 25599.066, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 25605.189, 'text': 'You can give any name to your view.', 'start': 25603.268, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 25616.704, 'text': "Let's say customer view, as select the columns that you want to display in your resultant view table, which is a virtual table right.", 'start': 25605.369, 'duration': 11.335}], 'summary': 'Five records inserted, creating view for customer table.', 'duration': 38.408, 'max_score': 25578.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25578296.jpg'}, {'end': 25710.742, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25684.039, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 25688.183, 'text': 'Now similarly, you can also create a view from the existing table as well.', 'start': 25684.039, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 25690.225, 'text': 'So for that, let us take an example.', 'start': 25688.303, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 25693.568, 'text': "Let's say if I want to create a view of projects table here.", 'start': 25690.265, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 25703.357, 'text': "So let me just display the records from the projects table and we'll see the output.", 'start': 25694.128, 'duration': 9.229}, {'end': 25710.742, 'text': 'So as you can see the project table has various fields such as project ID, employee ID, project name, project manager.', 'start': 25705.54, 'duration': 5.202}], 'summary': 'Creating a view from the projects table with project id, employee id, project name, and project manager.', 'duration': 26.703, 'max_score': 25684.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25684039.jpg'}, {'end': 25901.119, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25858.954, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 25866.138, 'text': "Now, the view already had, let's say, I think 10 rows and we'll insert another row using the insert into command.", 'start': 25858.954, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 25882.065, 'text': 'So the following syntax is insert into name of the view, that is project views, project view values,', 'start': 25866.618, 'duration': 15.447}, {'end': 25888.671, 'text': "and inside that let's say I'm taking a project ID as 1120 comma project name.", 'start': 25882.065, 'duration': 6.606}, {'end': 25893.735, 'text': 'let us say artificial neural network.', 'start': 25888.671, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 25901.119, 'text': 'and let us say the project manager name is Akash.', 'start': 25898.277, 'duration': 2.842}], 'summary': 'Inserting a new row into a view with 10 existing rows using sql insert command.', 'duration': 42.165, 'max_score': 25858.954, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25858954.jpg'}, {'end': 25961.154, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25938.082, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 25945.207, 'text': 'in this way we can create another row by inserting in the view which confirms that the insert statement has been successfully executed.', 'start': 25938.082, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 25951.012, 'text': 'Right? So next let us discuss how to update a record in a view.', 'start': 25946.068, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 25954.691, 'text': 'Now just like inserting, we can also update a row in a view.', 'start': 25951.929, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 25961.154, 'text': 'If you notice the previous example, we have inserted a new row that is with the project ID as 1120.', 'start': 25955.011, 'duration': 6.143}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates inserting and updating rows in a view.', 'duration': 23.072, 'max_score': 25938.082, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25938082.jpg'}, {'end': 26155.708, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26125.68, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 26133.564, 'text': 'Now for some reasons, if you want to delete it, you can simply use the drop command here, which will completely delete the view that you have created.', 'start': 26125.68, 'duration': 7.884}, {'end': 26142.848, 'text': 'So the query would be drop, mention the view name, which is project view, right? So let us just execute this.', 'start': 26133.644, 'duration': 9.204}, {'end': 26146.882, 'text': 'So our query has been successfully executed.', 'start': 26144.861, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 26155.708, 'text': 'So let me just use the SELECT statement to display the record SELECT star from which is project view.', 'start': 26146.982, 'duration': 8.726}], 'summary': 'Use the drop command to delete a view, successfully executed.', 'duration': 30.028, 'max_score': 26125.68, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26125680.jpg'}, {'end': 26221.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26198.252, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 26207.198, 'text': "For instance, if a view is using the email column of a table and you drop that column or even a single data of it that isn't used by the view,", 'start': 26198.252, 'duration': 8.946}, {'end': 26209.199, 'text': 'the output of the view will be impacted.', 'start': 26207.198, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 26219.066, 'text': 'Now the short answer to when to use views in SQL is when you want to write complex select queries that require gathering data from multiple tables.', 'start': 26210.02, 'duration': 9.046}, {'end': 26221.661, 'text': 'In that case, you can use SQL views.', 'start': 26219.58, 'duration': 2.081}], 'summary': 'Use sql views for complex select queries from multiple tables.', 'duration': 23.409, 'max_score': 26198.252, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26198252.jpg'}, {'end': 26576.474, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26548.986, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 26553.509, 'text': 'Now, SQL commands are further categorized into four different types.', 'start': 26548.986, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 26556.811, 'text': 'The first one is data definition language or DDL.', 'start': 26554.069, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 26565.377, 'text': 'DDL helps the user to define the database structure or schemas that are capable of creating, deleting and modifying data.', 'start': 26557.552, 'duration': 7.825}, {'end': 26572.766, 'text': 'Create, Drop, Alter, Truncate are some examples of DDL commands or statements.', 'start': 26566.758, 'duration': 6.008}, {'end': 26576.474, 'text': 'Next we have Data Manipulation Language or DML.', 'start': 26573.933, 'duration': 2.541}], 'summary': 'Sql commands are categorized into ddl and dml. ddl helps define database structure and can create, delete, and modify data.', 'duration': 27.488, 'max_score': 26548.986, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26548986.jpg'}, {'end': 26830.041, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26785.768, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 26794.975, 'text': 'whereas the truncate statement occupies less transaction space because it maintains a transaction log for the entire data page instead of each row.', 'start': 26785.768, 'duration': 9.207}, {'end': 26798.037, 'text': 'so those are the main differences between delete and truncate.', 'start': 26794.975, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 26803.49, 'text': 'Right moving ahead, the next question is what are the constraints in SQL?', 'start': 26799.246, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 26809.155, 'text': 'Constraints are a set of rules imposed on the tables of relational databases.', 'start': 26805.272, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 26815.701, 'text': 'Constraints help in maintaining the data accuracy, integrity and reliability of a database.', 'start': 26809.535, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 26821.126, 'text': 'Constraints can be imposed at the time of creation of the table or after its creation as well.', 'start': 26816.181, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 26824.776, 'text': 'Now constraints can be a column level or table level.', 'start': 26822.133, 'duration': 2.643}, {'end': 26830.041, 'text': 'Column level constraints apply to a column and the table level constraints apply to the whole table.', 'start': 26824.936, 'duration': 5.105}], 'summary': 'Truncate uses less transaction space and maintains data integrity. constraints in sql maintain data accuracy and integrity at column or table level.', 'duration': 44.273, 'max_score': 26785.768, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26785768.jpg'}, {'end': 26946.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26919.605, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 26923.788, 'text': 'Now, clauses are built-in functions available to the user in SQL.', 'start': 26919.605, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 26927.711, 'text': 'With the help of clauses, we can deal with data easily stored in the table.', 'start': 26924.128, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 26936.177, 'text': 'SQL clause helps to limit the result set by providing a condition to the query and helps to filter records from the entire set of records.', 'start': 26928.251, 'duration': 7.926}, {'end': 26938.559, 'text': 'Now we have various clauses in SQL.', 'start': 26936.737, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 26941.561, 'text': 'Some of them are, the first one is where clause.', 'start': 26938.839, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 26945.077, 'text': 'Where clause is used to filter the records in the database.', 'start': 26941.994, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 26946.398, 'text': 'Order by clause.', 'start': 26945.717, 'duration': 0.681}], 'summary': 'Sql clauses help to filter and limit data in the database, including the where and order by clauses.', 'duration': 26.793, 'max_score': 26919.605, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw26919605.jpg'}, {'end': 27089.199, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27065.811, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 27073.97, 'text': 'Now, the first type of operator is basically the arithmetic operators, which are used to perform day to day operations like addition, subtraction,', 'start': 27065.811, 'duration': 8.159}, {'end': 27077.892, 'text': 'multiplication, division and remainder and modulus operations.', 'start': 27073.97, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 27086.477, 'text': 'Next, we have the bitwise operators and in bitwise operators, we have bitwise AND bitwise OR, bitwise XOR, etc.', 'start': 27078.353, 'duration': 8.124}, {'end': 27089.199, 'text': 'Next, we have comparison operators.', 'start': 27087.318, 'duration': 1.881}], 'summary': 'Introduction to various types of operators including arithmetic, bitwise, and comparison operators.', 'duration': 23.388, 'max_score': 27065.811, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27065811.jpg'}, {'end': 27295.917, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27266.166, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 27275.15, 'text': 'SQL is used for querying relational database system, whereas MySQL is used to modify and delete data in the database in an organized way.', 'start': 27266.166, 'duration': 8.984}, {'end': 27282.934, 'text': 'SQL, though considered as a language, we have SQL Server, which is a licensed product of Microsoft.', 'start': 27275.971, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 27287.136, 'text': 'MySQL is an open source platform managed by Oracle Corporation.', 'start': 27283.534, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 27295.917, 'text': 'sql provides adequate protection to sql servers against intruders, whereas mysql, being an open source platform,', 'start': 27288.311, 'duration': 7.606}], 'summary': 'Sql is for querying relational databases, mysql is for data modification. sql server is licensed, mysql is open source.', 'duration': 29.751, 'max_score': 27266.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27266166.jpg'}, {'end': 27412.392, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27385.256, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 27391.621, 'text': 'Now the reason why we use SQL keys are keys identify each record separately and uniquely.', 'start': 27385.256, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 27399.241, 'text': "Now, if you're working on a large data sets, you might want to specify a different key to each column,", 'start': 27391.974, 'duration': 7.267}, {'end': 27404.625, 'text': 'because you want to uniquely identify each and every record using certain columns right?', 'start': 27399.241, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 27407.248, 'text': 'So in that case, you have to use keys.', 'start': 27404.926, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 27412.392, 'text': 'Now keys also allows the user to establish and identify a relationship between tables.', 'start': 27407.808, 'duration': 4.584}], 'summary': 'Sql keys uniquely identify records and establish table relationships.', 'duration': 27.136, 'max_score': 27385.256, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27385256.jpg'}, {'end': 27475.56, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27451.148, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 27457.033, 'text': "Now, let's say, if you're working on an employee table, so in that case you can see employee ID as a primary key,", 'start': 27451.148, 'duration': 5.885}, {'end': 27463.438, 'text': 'because it uniquely identifies each and every record or the details of an employee in that table.', 'start': 27457.033, 'duration': 6.405}, {'end': 27465.379, 'text': 'Next we have the super key.', 'start': 27463.998, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 27472.505, 'text': 'A super key is basically a combination of all possible attributes which can uniquely identify the rows in a table.', 'start': 27465.8, 'duration': 6.705}, {'end': 27475.56, 'text': 'next we have the candidate key.', 'start': 27473.419, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'Explanation of primary key, super key, and candidate key in database tables.', 'duration': 24.412, 'max_score': 27451.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27451148.jpg'}, {'end': 27563.937, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27538.669, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 27545.254, 'text': 'Char data type can be assigned multiple bytes, whereas the varchar can accept character strings up to 255 bytes.', 'start': 27538.669, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 27549.778, 'text': 'Char data type can be used when the character length is known.', 'start': 27546.255, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 27553.949, 'text': 'whereas varchar data type is used when the character length is not known.', 'start': 27550.066, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 27563.937, 'text': 'Next, the char is used when the character length of the data is same whereas the varchar is used when the character length of the data is variable.', 'start': 27554.75, 'duration': 9.187}], 'summary': 'Char data type can hold fixed-length data, while varchar can hold variable-length data up to 255 bytes.', 'duration': 25.268, 'max_score': 27538.669, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27538669.jpg'}, {'end': 27621.833, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27592.282, 'weight': 21, 'content': [{'end': 27593.003, 'text': 'Moving ahead.', 'start': 27592.282, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 27596.144, 'text': 'the next question is what are aggregate functions in SQL?', 'start': 27593.003, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 27602.868, 'text': 'An aggregate function, SQL, performs calculation on multiple values and returns a single value.', 'start': 27596.685, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 27608.931, 'text': 'It allows the user to perform complex calculation on a set of values to return a single scalar value.', 'start': 27603.428, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 27614.226, 'text': 'We often use these aggregate functions with a group by and having clauses of the select statement.', 'start': 27609.482, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 27618.03, 'text': 'Now SQL aggregate functions are further classified into five types.', 'start': 27614.807, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 27620.492, 'text': 'The first one is count.', 'start': 27618.37, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 27621.833, 'text': 'Next one is sum.', 'start': 27620.572, 'duration': 1.261}], 'summary': 'Sql aggregate functions perform calculations on multiple values to return a single scalar value, including count and sum.', 'duration': 29.551, 'max_score': 27592.282, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27592282.jpg'}, {'end': 27754.266, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27725.911, 'weight': 19, 'content': [{'end': 27730.517, 'text': 'A subquery is basically a type of query which is written inside another query.', 'start': 27725.911, 'duration': 4.606}, {'end': 27736.944, 'text': 'A subquery becomes a part of a larger query and a subquery is also called as inner query or a nested query.', 'start': 27730.917, 'duration': 6.027}, {'end': 27742.611, 'text': 'A subquery provides data to the main query also called the parent query or the outer query.', 'start': 27737.765, 'duration': 4.846}, {'end': 27754.266, 'text': 'A subquery is basically a select statement that is embedded in a clause of another SQL statement and the inner query is executed once before its parent or outer query,', 'start': 27743.314, 'duration': 10.952}], 'summary': 'A subquery provides data to the main query, serving as an inner query in sql.', 'duration': 28.355, 'max_score': 27725.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27725911.jpg'}, {'end': 27833.377, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27806.781, 'weight': 20, 'content': [{'end': 27810.664, 'text': 'Moving ahead, what are joins in SQL and mention it types?', 'start': 27806.781, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 27820.712, 'text': 'The SQL join clause is used to combine records or rows from two or more tables in a SQL database based on a related column between one or two tables.', 'start': 27811.464, 'duration': 9.248}, {'end': 27826.879, 'text': 'SQL joins are mostly used when a user is trying to fetch data from multiple tables.', 'start': 27821.473, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 27833.377, 'text': 'Join keyword merges two or more tables and creates a temporary resultant set of the merged tables.', 'start': 27827.432, 'duration': 5.945}], 'summary': 'Sql joins combine records from multiple tables based on related columns.', 'duration': 26.596, 'max_score': 27806.781, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27806781.jpg'}, {'end': 27996.897, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27971.701, 'weight': 22, 'content': [{'end': 27979.528, 'text': 'we need to type this following query, which is used with the like operator, and the queries follow as select star from employee, where ename,', 'start': 27971.701, 'duration': 7.827}, {'end': 27983.211, 'text': "which is basically I'm taking as the common name, like A percentage.", 'start': 27979.528, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 27988.693, 'text': 'So this will basically display records of all those employees whose name starts with A.', 'start': 27983.55, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 27991.995, 'text': 'And similarly, you might be asked to display the names of all the employees.', 'start': 27988.693, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 27996.897, 'text': 'that ends with A, and the following queries are similar to that of the first one we have discussed.', 'start': 27991.995, 'duration': 4.902}], 'summary': 'Query uses like operator to find employees whose names start or end with a.', 'duration': 25.196, 'max_score': 27971.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw27971701.jpg'}, {'end': 28267.327, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 28240.345, 'weight': 18, 'content': [{'end': 28250.693, 'text': 'And finally, the question is, what are the applications of SQL in real life? Now, SQL is used in various fields in nowadays.', 'start': 28240.345, 'duration': 10.348}, {'end': 28260.982, 'text': 'For example, SQL is used in banking, it is used in education, it is used in finance, it is used in healthcare, it is used in e-commerce sector,', 'start': 28251.174, 'duration': 9.808}, {'end': 28262.483, 'text': 'it is used in traveling sector.', 'start': 28260.982, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 28265.085, 'text': 'it is used in manufacturing sector as well.', 'start': 28262.483, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 28267.327, 'text': 'Now talking about banking.', 'start': 28265.526, 'duration': 1.801}], 'summary': 'Sql is widely used in banking, education, finance, healthcare, e-commerce, traveling, and manufacturing sectors.', 'duration': 26.982, 'max_score': 28240.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw28240345.jpg'}], 'start': 25021.942, 'title': 'Sql views and operations', 'summary': 'Covers the advantages and syntax of sql views, creating and managing views, deleting rows and views, sql constraints, clauses, and operators, as well as sql basics such as aggregates, subqueries, joins, and applications. it provides syntax examples, outcomes, and practical applications, including the differences between delete and truncate, various constraints, and the types of operators.', 'chapters': [{'end': 25577.856, 'start': 25021.942, 'title': 'Sql views: advantages and syntax', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of sql views including security, complexity reduction, and data consistency, and provides syntax examples for creating and using views in sql, with a demonstration of creating a table and inserting data.', 'duration': 555.914, 'highlights': ['SQL views provide security by restricting data access to users, enhancing security by limiting access to sensitive data, and simplifying data presentation. Views enhance security by restricting data access, simplifying data presentation, and can limit user access to sensitive data.', 'Views reduce complexity by joining and simplifying multiple tables into a single virtual table, making it easier for users to understand. Views simplify complex data by joining multiple tables into a single virtual table, easing user understanding.', 'Views ensure data consistency and integrity by presenting accurate data from the database, allowing quick changes according to user requirements. Views maintain data integrity, present accurate data, and enable quick changes based on user needs.', "Demonstration of creating a table named 'customers' and inserting data into the table using SQL statements. The chapter provides a demonstration of creating a table named 'customers' and inserting data using SQL statements.", "Syntax examples for creating views in SQL using 'create view' statement, and querying the view using 'select' statement. The chapter includes syntax examples for creating views using 'create view' statement and querying views using 'select' statement."]}, {'end': 26052.605, 'start': 25578.296, 'title': 'Creating and managing views in sql', 'summary': "Discusses creating views from existing tables, inserting, updating, and deleting records in a view, and their respective syntax and outcomes, with examples from the 'customer' and 'projects' tables.", 'duration': 474.309, 'highlights': ["Creating a view from an existing table The chapter explains the syntax for creating a view from an existing table, using the 'create view' command and 'select' statement to display all fields in the resultant view table, with an example of creating views from the 'customer' and 'projects' tables.", "Inserting a row in a view It details the process of inserting a row in a view using the 'insert into' command, with an example of inserting a new row into the 'project view' and the successful execution outcome.", "Updating a record in a view The chapter discusses updating a row in a view using the 'update' statement, with an example of updating the project details in the 'project view' and the successful execution outcome.", 'Deleting a record in a view It explains the process of deleting a record in a view and the successful execution outcome, with the syntax for deleting a record in a view and an example of deleting a record from a view.']}, {'end': 26785.768, 'start': 26052.725, 'title': 'Deleting rows and views in sql', 'summary': 'Discusses deleting rows and views in sql, including using the delete statement to remove specific rows and the drop command to delete views, with the importance of using views for complex select queries and the advantages of using sql, which includes being easy to learn and having the ability to perform data manipulation and retrieval from databases. it also explains the types of sql commands, the working of sql, and the difference between delete and truncate commands.', 'duration': 733.043, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses deleting rows and views in SQL, including using the delete statement to remove specific rows and the drop command to delete views. It covers the use of the delete statement to remove specific rows based on conditions and the drop command to delete views, providing practical examples of executing these commands.', 'Importance of using views for complex select queries and the advantages of using SQL, which includes being easy to learn and having the ability to perform data manipulation and retrieval from databases. It emphasizes the importance of using views for complex select queries and lists the advantages of SQL, such as being easy to learn, allowing efficient data manipulation, and retrieval from databases.', 'Types of SQL commands, the working of SQL, and the difference between delete and truncate commands. It explains the types of SQL commands including DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL, the working of SQL using a database server and SQL engine, and the difference between delete and truncate commands, comparing their usage, performance, and rollback capabilities.']}, {'end': 27590.481, 'start': 26785.768, 'title': 'Sql constraints, clauses, and operators', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between delete and truncate, various constraints in sql, clauses like where, order by, group by, having, limit, and distinct, different types of operators, sql vs mysql, keys in sql, and the difference between char and varchar data types.', 'duration': 804.713, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the differences between delete and truncate Truncate statement occupies less transaction space and maintains a transaction log for the entire data page instead of each row.', 'Various constraints in SQL are explained Constraints include unique, primary key, foreign key, default, check, and not null constraints, which help in maintaining data accuracy, integrity, and reliability.', 'Explanation of various clauses in SQL, such as where, order by, group by, having, limit, and distinct Clauses like where, order by, group by, having, limit, and distinct are detailed, including their functions and usage in SQL queries.', 'Different types of operators used in SQL are described Types of operators include arithmetic, bitwise, comparison, compound, logical, and string operators, used for specific mathematical and logical computations.', 'Comparison between SQL and MySQL is discussed Differences between SQL and MySQL, including their usage, support, and security features, are explained.', 'Explanation of the difference between WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL Key differences between WHERE and HAVING clause, including their usage, implementation, and compatibility with aggregate functions, are highlighted.', 'The concept of keys in SQL and their significance are explained SQL keys serve to identify and establish relationships between records in a table, ensuring quick data access and management.', 'Different types of keys used in SQL, including primary key, super key, candidate key, and foreign key, are mentioned Primary, super, candidate, and foreign keys in SQL are detailed, emphasizing their roles in uniquely identifying and relating records across tables.', 'Difference between char and varchar data types is explained Char data type is fixed-length, while varchar is variable-length, with differences in memory allocation and usage based on the character length.']}, {'end': 28462.687, 'start': 27592.282, 'title': 'Sql basics: aggregates, subqueries, joins, and applications', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of sql, including aggregate functions, subqueries, joins, and practical applications. it discusses the types of aggregate functions, sql queries to find the second highest salary and employee names, returning even and odd number records, using aliases, creating a new table, and real-life applications of sql in various sectors.', 'duration': 870.405, 'highlights': ['SQL is used in various fields such as banking, education, finance, healthcare, e-commerce, travel, and manufacturing sectors. SQL is extensively used in banking to store customer account details and transactions, in education to manage student and staff information, in finance for managing assets and revenue details, in healthcare for storing patient details and bills, in manufacturing for tracking shipments, and in e-commerce for making better decisions and providing solutions to customers.', "Explanation of subqueries and their use in SQL, including a detailed example with the 'select' and 'where' clauses. A subquery is a type of query written inside another query, providing data to the main query. It is executed before the outer query and can be used to perform complex operations, such as selecting records based on a condition like 'listed price greater than average listed price.'", 'Types of joins in SQL, including inner join, outer join, left join, and right outer join. SQL joins are used to combine records from multiple tables based on related columns. The types of joins include inner join (returns matching values in both tables), outer join (returns all records when there is a match in either table), left join (returns all records from the left table and matching records from the right table), and right outer join (returns all records from the right table and matching records from the left table).', "Use of aggregate functions in SQL, including count, sum, average, minimum, and maximum. Aggregate functions in SQL perform calculations on multiple values and return a single value. They are commonly used with 'group by' and 'having' clauses in the select statement. The types of aggregate functions include count, sum, average, minimum, and maximum.", "SQL query to find names of all employees that begin with 'A' using the 'like' operator. To find names of employees that begin with 'A,' the SQL query uses the 'like' operator with the pattern 'A%,' which displays records of employees whose names start with 'A.' Similar queries can be used to find names that end with 'A.'"]}], 'duration': 3440.745, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MtYglLPSfGw/pics/MtYglLPSfGw25021942.jpg', 'highlights': ['SQL views enhance security by restricting data access, simplifying data presentation, and limiting user access to sensitive data.', 'Views reduce complexity by joining and simplifying multiple tables into a single virtual table, easing user understanding.', 'Views maintain data integrity, present accurate data, and enable quick changes based on user needs.', "The chapter provides syntax examples for creating views using 'create view' statement and querying views using 'select' statement.", 'The chapter explains the syntax for creating a view from an existing table and displays all fields in the resultant view table.', "It details the process of inserting a row in a view using the 'insert into' command, with an example of successful execution outcome.", "The chapter discusses updating a row in a view using the 'update' statement, with an example of successful execution outcome.", 'It covers the use of the delete statement to remove specific rows based on conditions and the drop command to delete views.', 'It emphasizes the importance of using views for complex select queries and lists the advantages of SQL.', 'It explains the types of SQL commands including DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL, the working of SQL using a database server and SQL engine, and the difference between delete and truncate commands.', 'Truncate statement occupies less transaction space and maintains a transaction log for the entire data page instead of each row.', 'Constraints include unique, primary key, foreign key, default, check, and not null constraints, which help in maintaining data accuracy, integrity, and reliability.', 'Clauses like where, order by, group by, having, limit, and distinct are detailed, including their functions and usage in SQL queries.', 'Types of operators include arithmetic, bitwise, comparison, compound, logical, and string operators, used for specific mathematical and logical computations.', 'Differences between SQL and MySQL, including their usage, support, and security features, are explained.', 'SQL keys serve to identify and establish relationships between records in a table, ensuring quick data access and management.', 'Primary, super, candidate, and foreign keys in SQL are detailed, emphasizing their roles in uniquely identifying and relating records across tables.', 'Char data type is fixed-length, while varchar is variable-length, with differences in memory allocation and usage based on the character length.', 'SQL is extensively used in banking, education, finance, healthcare, e-commerce, travel, and manufacturing sectors.', 'A subquery is a type of query written inside another query, providing data to the main query and can be used to perform complex operations.', 'SQL joins are used to combine records from multiple tables based on related columns, including inner join, outer join, left join, and right outer join.', "Aggregate functions in SQL perform calculations on multiple values and return a single value, commonly used with 'group by' and 'having' clauses.", "To find names of employees that begin with 'A,' the SQL query uses the 'like' operator with the pattern 'A%,' which displays records of employees whose names start with 'A.'"]}], 'highlights': ['SQL is crucial due to the increasing data needs of companies and its high demand in the tech skills market.', 'SQL developers are in high demand globally, especially in finance, tech, consulting, and e-commerce sectors.', 'The full course tutorial provides comprehensive coverage of SQL basics, practical examples, and various concepts, catering to beginners.', 'Popular databases include MySQL, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.', 'SQL is widely used in various sectors such as education, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance, and by big tech companies like Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, and Facebook.', 'DBMS manages large volumes of database efficiently and effectively, ensuring data availability whenever and wherever needed.', 'RDBMS, based on relational model, is used by modern DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server, storing data in the form of tables and organizing it in rows and columns.', 'SQL expressions are combinations of keywords, values, operators, and functions, similar to mathematical formulas, used to solve problems in a query language.', 'SQL data types are mainly classified into three categories: numeric, string, and date time, with detailed explanations and examples of each type.', 'The chapter covers various SQL expressions including numeric, inbuilt functions like sum, average, count, minimum, and maximum, and date expressions, providing practical examples for each.', 'The SQL create table command is used to create a new table in a database, and it involves specifying the table name, column names, and their data types, which can be executed in MySQL workbench.', 'SQL join allows combining and retrieving data from two or more tables based on related columns, providing flexibility and efficiency.', 'SQL join minimizes data redundancy, reducing anomalies and duplicate values.', 'SQL Inner Join selects records with matching values based on a common column.', 'SQL Left Join retrieves all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.', 'SQL outer join returns all records from either table, exemplified by table A with records 1, 2, 3, 4 and table B with records 3, 4, 5, 6 resulting in displaying records 1, 2, 3, and up to 6.', 'Emphasizes the importance of SQL keys in relational databases and their role in identifying unique rows.', 'Aggregate functions in SQL are used to perform calculations on multiple rows of a single column and return a single value, working with groups of rows and returning all possible results based on these fields or columns.', 'The SQL group by statement follows the split apply combine technique to split groups based on values, apply aggregate functions, and then combine the resultant values into a single row, leading to efficient data aggregation.', 'The commit command permanently saves the changes made to a database table.', 'The rollback command reverts changes made to a table to its previous state.', 'WebSQL Database is a web browser API specification for storing and managing data in databases using SQL.', 'Values insertion process demonstrated with specific examples, including adding records with ID, name, and location, showcasing the functionality of WebSQL.', 'SQL views enhance security by restricting data access, simplifying data presentation, and limiting user access to sensitive data.', 'Views reduce complexity by joining and simplifying multiple tables into a single virtual table, easing user understanding.', 'Views maintain data integrity, present accurate data, and enable quick changes based on user needs.']}