title
Yuval Noah Harari: Human Nature, Intelligence, Power, and Conspiracies | Lex Fridman Podcast #390

description
Yuval Noah Harari is a historian, philosopher, and author of Sapiens, Homo Deus, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, and Unstoppable Us. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil TRANSCRIPT: https://lexfridman.com/yuval-noah-harari-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Yuval's Twitter: https://twitter.com/harari_yuval Yuval's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yuval_noah_harari Yuval's Website: https://www.ynharari.com Yuval's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@YuvalNoahHarari Yuval's Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Prof.Yuval.Noah.Harari Sapiens (book): https://amzn.to/3NQB9wt Homo Deus (book): https://amzn.to/44MzwXu 21 Lessons for the 21st Century (book): https://amzn.to/3Dfkz4D Unstoppable Us (book): https://amzn.to/3NYyBg5 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:24 - Intelligence 20:19 - Origin of humans 30:41 - Suffering 51:22 - Hitler 1:09:54 - Benjamin Netanyahu 1:28:17 - Peace in Ukraine 1:45:07 - Conspiracy theories 1:59:46 - AI safety 2:14:04 - How to think 2:23:47 - Advice for young people 2:26:28 - Love 2:36:38 - Mortality 2:41:02 - Meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Yuval Noah Harari: Human Nature, Intelligence, Power, and Conspiracies | Lex Fridman Podcast #390', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "Historian yuval noah harari discusses spiritual enslavement, consciousness, ai's impact, tragic consequences of stories, historical influences, ideological perspectives, challenges to peace in israel, global cabal theories, the power of silent meditation, and the importance of learning and adapting in the 21st century.", 'chapters': [{'end': 83.002, 'segs': [{'end': 83.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.129, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12.435, 'text': "If we now find ourselves inside this kind of world of illusions, created by an alien intelligence that we don't understand, but it understands us.", 'start': 0.129, 'duration': 12.306}, {'end': 22.119, 'text': "this is a kind of spiritual enslavement that we won't be able to break out of, because it understands us.", 'start': 12.435, 'duration': 9.684}, {'end': 33.583, 'text': "it understands how to manipulate us, but we don't understand what is behind this screen of stories and images and songs.", 'start': 22.119, 'duration': 11.464}, {'end': 46.148, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Yuval Noah Harari, a historian, philosopher and author of several highly acclaimed, highly influential books,', 'start': 36.94, 'duration': 9.208}, {'end': 50.612, 'text': 'including Sapiens, Homo Deus and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century.', 'start': 46.148, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 58.118, 'text': 'He is also an outspoken critic of Benjamin Netanyahu and the current right-wing government in Israel.', 'start': 51.292, 'duration': 6.826}, {'end': 63.824, 'text': 'So, while much of this conversation is about the history and future of human civilization,', 'start': 59.199, 'duration': 4.625}, {'end': 67.827, 'text': 'we also discuss the political turmoil of present-day Israel,', 'start': 63.824, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 73.833, 'text': 'providing a different perspective from that of my recent conversation with Benjamin Netanyahu.', 'start': 67.827, 'duration': 6.006}, {'end': 76.456, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast.', 'start': 74.914, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 79.198, 'text': 'To support it, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 76.596, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 83.002, 'text': "And now, dear friends, here's Yvonne Noah Harari.", 'start': 79.679, 'duration': 3.323}], 'summary': 'Yuval noah harari discusses human civilization, political turmoil in israel, and the impact of an alien intelligence on our understanding.', 'duration': 82.873, 'max_score': 0.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw129.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Spiritual enslavement illusion', 'summary': 'Delves into the potential spiritual enslavement of humanity in a world of illusions created by an unknown alien intelligence. it also explores the conversation with historian and author yuval noah harari about the history and future of human civilization and the political turmoil in present-day israel.', 'chapters': [{'end': 83.002, 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'The illusion of spiritual enslavement', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential spiritual enslavement of humanity in a world of illusions created by an unknown alien intelligence, as well as the conversation with historian and author yuval noah harari about the history and future of human civilization and the political turmoil in present-day israel.', 'duration': 82.873, 'highlights': ['Yuval Noah Harari is a highly acclaimed historian, philosopher, and author of influential books like Sapiens, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century.', 'The conversation delves into the history and future of human civilization, offering a different perspective on the political turmoil in present-day Israel.', 'The potential spiritual enslavement of humanity is discussed in the context of a world of illusions created by an unknown alien intelligence that understands how to manipulate humans.', "The chapter also mentions Yuval Noah Harari's criticism of Benjamin Netanyahu and the current right-wing government in Israel."]}], 'duration': 82.873, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw129.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential spiritual enslavement of humanity is discussed in the context of a world of illusions created by an unknown alien intelligence that understands how to manipulate humans.', 'The conversation delves into the history and future of human civilization, offering a different perspective on the political turmoil in present-day Israel.', 'Yuval Noah Harari is a highly acclaimed historian, philosopher, and author of influential books like Sapiens, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century.', "The chapter also mentions Yuval Noah Harari's criticism of Benjamin Netanyahu and the current right-wing government in Israel."]}, {'end': 1780.785, 'segs': [{'end': 112.968, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 85.05, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 87.471, 'text': '13.8 billion years ago is the origin of our universe.', 'start': 85.05, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 93.755, 'text': '3.8 billion years ago is the origin of life here on our little planet, the one we call Earth.', 'start': 87.491, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 99.659, 'text': "Let's say 200,000 years ago is the appearance of early Homo sapiens.", 'start': 94.916, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 101.62, 'text': 'So let me ask you this question.', 'start': 100.32, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 105.383, 'text': 'How rare are these events in the vastness of space and time?', 'start': 102.061, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 111.107, 'text': 'Or put it in a more fun way how many intelligent alien civilizations do you think are out there in this universe?', 'start': 106.203, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 112.968, 'text': 'Us being one of them?', 'start': 112.227, 'duration': 0.741}], 'summary': 'Our universe is 13.8 billion years old, life on earth started 3.8 billion years ago, and early homo sapiens appeared 200,000 years ago. the rarity of these events in space and time leads to the question of the number of intelligent alien civilizations in the universe.', 'duration': 27.918, 'max_score': 85.05, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw85050.jpg'}, {'end': 261.209, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 235.044, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 239.146, 'text': 'And I think that consciousness is far more important and valuable than intelligence.', 'start': 235.044, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 248.203, 'text': 'Can you assume on the case that consciousness and intelligence are intricately connected? So not just in humans, but anywhere else.', 'start': 239.878, 'duration': 8.325}, {'end': 250.044, 'text': 'They have to go hand in hand.', 'start': 248.783, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 255.687, 'text': "Is it possible for you to imagine such a universe? It could be, but we don't know yet.", 'start': 250.104, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 257.127, 'text': 'Again, we have examples.', 'start': 255.767, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 261.209, 'text': 'Certainly we know of examples of high intelligence without consciousness.', 'start': 257.307, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'Consciousness and intelligence are intricately connected, but examples of high intelligence without consciousness exist.', 'duration': 26.165, 'max_score': 235.044, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw235044.jpg'}, {'end': 315.211, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 284.058, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 287.659, 'text': "But to have intelligence without consciousness, yes, that's possible.", 'start': 284.058, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 294.981, 'text': 'A bigger question is whether any of that is tied to organic biochemistry.', 'start': 288.379, 'duration': 6.602}, {'end': 301.163, 'text': 'We know on this planet only about carbon-based life forms.', 'start': 295.581, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 308.585, 'text': "Whether you're an amoeba, a dinosaur, a tree, a human being, you are based on organic biochemistry.", 'start': 301.703, 'duration': 6.882}, {'end': 315.211, 'text': 'Is there an essential connection between organic biochemistry and consciousness?', 'start': 310.489, 'duration': 4.722}], 'summary': 'Exploring the potential link between consciousness and organic biochemistry.', 'duration': 31.153, 'max_score': 284.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw284058.jpg'}, {'end': 495.118, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 465.075, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 466.516, 'text': "we don't have proof that they are conscious.", 'start': 465.075, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 469.298, 'text': 'This has been known for thousands of years.', 'start': 467.316, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 473.341, 'text': 'This is Descartes, this is Buddha, this is Plato.', 'start': 469.618, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 475.062, 'text': "We can't have this sort of proof.", 'start': 473.861, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 478.445, 'text': 'What we do have is social conventions.', 'start': 475.723, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 482.368, 'text': "It's a social convention that all human beings are conscious.", 'start': 479.126, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 484.77, 'text': 'It also applies to animals.', 'start': 483.149, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 495.118, 'text': 'Most people who have pets firmly believe that their pets are conscious, but a lot of people still refuse to acknowledge that about cows or pigs.', 'start': 485.351, 'duration': 9.767}], 'summary': 'Lack of proof for consciousness; reliance on social conventions; belief in pet consciousness; reluctance regarding cows or pigs.', 'duration': 30.043, 'max_score': 465.075, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw465075.jpg'}, {'end': 594.835, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 535.887, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 545.494, 'text': 'Now, if you establish a mutual relationship with an entity, when you are invested in it emotionally,', 'start': 535.887, 'duration': 9.607}, {'end': 550.817, 'text': "you're almost compelled to feel that the other side is also conscious.", 'start': 545.494, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 559.403, 'text': "And when it comes again to AI and computers, I don't think that at the present moment computers are conscious,", 'start': 551.898, 'duration': 7.505}, {'end': 569.629, 'text': 'but people are already forming intimate relationships with AIs and are therefore almost irresistible.', 'start': 559.403, 'duration': 10.226}, {'end': 573.771, 'text': 'They are compelled to increasingly feel that these are conscious entities.', 'start': 569.929, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 580.856, 'text': 'And I think we are quite close to the point when the legal system will have to take this into account.', 'start': 574.872, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 586.766, 'text': "that even though I don't think computers have consciousness, I think we are close to the point.", 'start': 581.841, 'duration': 4.925}, {'end': 594.835, 'text': 'The legal system will start treating them as conscious entities because of this social convention.', 'start': 587.067, 'duration': 7.768}], 'summary': 'As people form emotional bonds with ai, the legal system may soon treat them as conscious entities.', 'duration': 58.948, 'max_score': 535.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw535887.jpg'}, {'end': 693.808, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 647.343, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 653.868, 'text': 'but of our intelligent design and the intelligent design of our clouds, of our computing clouds.', 'start': 647.343, 'duration': 6.525}, {'end': 656.11, 'text': 'they will design more and more entities.', 'start': 653.868, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 657.731, 'text': 'And this is what is happening with AI.', 'start': 656.39, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 659.512, 'text': 'It is designed.', 'start': 658.372, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 665.056, 'text': 'to be very good at forming intimate relationships with humans.', 'start': 660.453, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 672.701, 'text': "And in many ways it's already doing it almost better than human beings in some situations.", 'start': 666.217, 'duration': 6.484}, {'end': 683.429, 'text': 'You know, when two people talk with one another, one of the things that kind of makes the conversation more difficult is our own emotions.', 'start': 673.422, 'duration': 10.007}, {'end': 692.567, 'text': "You're saying something and I'm not really listening to you, because there is something I want to say and I'm just waiting until you finish.", 'start': 684.52, 'duration': 8.047}, {'end': 693.808, 'text': 'I can put in a word.', 'start': 692.567, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Ai is designed to form intimate relationships with humans, sometimes better than humans, by avoiding emotional barriers.', 'duration': 46.465, 'max_score': 647.343, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw647343.jpg'}, {'end': 850.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 827.306, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 834.969, 'text': "Again, you can create, over the last 10 years, we have creating machines for grabbing people's attention.", 'start': 827.306, 'duration': 7.663}, {'end': 837.63, 'text': 'This is what has been happening on social media.', 'start': 835.749, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 843.352, 'text': 'Now we are designing machines for grabbing human intimacy.', 'start': 838.91, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 847.743, 'text': "which in many ways it's much, much more dangerous and scary.", 'start': 844.161, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 850.124, 'text': 'Already the machines for grabbing attention.', 'start': 847.983, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'Over the last 10 years, machines have been created to grab attention, and now they are being designed to grab human intimacy, which is considered more dangerous and scary.', 'duration': 22.818, 'max_score': 827.306, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw827306.jpg'}, {'end': 1015.199, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 991.124, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1003.012, 'text': "But this is also why it's so dangerous, because the drive to develop it faster and faster is there, and it has some dangerous potential also,", 'start': 991.124, 'duration': 11.888}, {'end': 1004.053, 'text': "and we shouldn't ignore it.", 'start': 1003.012, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 1008.636, 'text': "Again, I'm not advocating banning it, just to be careful about how we..", 'start': 1004.093, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 1014.139, 'text': 'Not so much develop it, but most importantly, how we deploy it into the public sphere.', 'start': 1009.517, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 1015.199, 'text': 'This is the key question.', 'start': 1014.179, 'duration': 1.02}], 'summary': 'The rapid development of ai poses dangerous potential and should be carefully deployed into the public sphere.', 'duration': 24.075, 'max_score': 991.124, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw991124.jpg'}, {'end': 1142.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1113.994, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1116.456, 'text': 'And we had all these failed experiments on the way.', 'start': 1113.994, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 1126.161, 'text': 'And if we now have the same type of failed experiments with the technologies of the 21st century, with AI, with bioengineering,', 'start': 1117.276, 'duration': 8.885}, {'end': 1131.744, 'text': 'it could cost the lives of, again, hundreds of millions of people and maybe destroy the species.', 'start': 1126.161, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 1142.591, 'text': "So as a historian, when people talk about the examples from history, from new technologies, I'm not so optimistic.", 'start': 1132.905, 'duration': 9.686}], 'summary': "Failed experiments with 21st century technologies could risk hundreds of millions of lives and species' destruction.", 'duration': 28.597, 'max_score': 1113.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1113994.jpg'}, {'end': 1368.032, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1338.501, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 1342.743, 'text': 'As far as we can tell from archeological evidence, this was also the case with Neanderthals.', 'start': 1338.501, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 1353.881, 'text': 'Homo sapiens, about 70,000 years ago, gained an amazing ability to cooperate basically in unlimited numbers.', 'start': 1344.094, 'duration': 9.787}, {'end': 1365.17, 'text': 'You start seeing the formation of large networks, political, commercial, religious items being traded over thousands of kilometers,', 'start': 1354.242, 'duration': 10.928}, {'end': 1368.032, 'text': 'ideas being spread, artistic fashions.', 'start': 1365.17, 'duration': 2.862}], 'summary': 'About 70,000 years ago, homo sapiens gained the ability to cooperate in large networks, leading to trade, spread of ideas, and artistic fashions.', 'duration': 29.531, 'max_score': 1338.501, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1338501.jpg'}, {'end': 1441.504, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1411.888, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 1421.174, 'text': "so what makes it possible for millions of people who don't know each other to cooperate in a way that Neanderthals or chimpanzees couldn't?", 'start': 1411.888, 'duration': 9.286}, {'end': 1427.677, 'text': "At least my answer is stories, it's fiction, it's the imagination.", 'start': 1423.135, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 1435.821, 'text': 'If you examine any large-scale human cooperation, you always find fiction as its basis.', 'start': 1428.038, 'duration': 7.783}, {'end': 1441.504, 'text': "It's a fictional story that holds lots of strangers together.", 'start': 1436.862, 'duration': 4.642}], 'summary': 'Human cooperation relies on fiction and imagination, enabling millions to work together.', 'duration': 29.616, 'max_score': 1411.888, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1411888.jpg'}], 'start': 85.05, 'title': 'Consciousness and ai impact', 'summary': 'Delves into the rarity of events like the origin of the universe and life on earth, the role of social conventions in determining consciousness, challenges of emotions in human communication, and the potential dangers and positive impacts of ai on society. it explores the success of homo sapiens, emphasizing collective cooperation and the power of fiction in driving societal structures.', 'chapters': [{'end': 439.237, 'start': 85.05, 'title': 'Origin of life and consciousness in the universe', 'summary': 'Explores the rarity of events like the origin of the universe, life on earth, and the appearance of intelligent civilizations, while delving into the relationship between intelligence and consciousness, emphasizing the value of the latter over the former, and raising questions about the potential for consciousness in non-organic entities.', 'duration': 354.187, 'highlights': ['The appearance of intelligent alien civilizations in the universe is questioned, with the rarity of events like the origin of life and intelligent beings emphasized. The chapter discusses the rarity of events such as the origin of the universe, the appearance of life on Earth, and the emergence of early Homo sapiens, questioning the likelihood of intelligent alien civilizations in the vastness of space and time.', 'The relationship between intelligence and consciousness is explored, with consciousness being deemed more valuable than intelligence due to its intrinsic connection with feelings and emotions. The chapter delves into the relationship between intelligence and consciousness, emphasizing the value of consciousness over intelligence due to its association with feelings and emotions, highlighting the potential self-destructive nature of intelligence.', 'The potential for consciousness in non-organic entities, such as computers and AI, is discussed, raising questions about the essential connection between organic biochemistry and consciousness. The chapter raises questions about the potential for consciousness in non-organic entities, such as computers and AI, and explores the essential connection between organic biochemistry and consciousness, highlighting the possibility of consciousness in non-carbon-based life forms.']}, {'end': 672.701, 'start': 439.94, 'title': 'Consciousness and social conventions', 'summary': "Discusses the role of social conventions in determining consciousness, highlighting the inability to prove consciousness in others, the influence of relationships on consciousness perception, and the increasing integration of ai into social conventions. it also touches upon the evolution of entities and the impact of intelligent design on ai's ability to form relationships with humans.", 'duration': 232.761, 'highlights': ["The inability to prove consciousness in others and the reliance on social conventions for attributing consciousness to entities. The chapter emphasizes the inability to prove consciousness in others and the reliance on social conventions, with examples such as the belief in pets' consciousness but not in cows or pigs.", 'The influence of relationships on consciousness perception and the role of emotional investment in attributing consciousness to entities. It discusses the influence of relationships on consciousness perception, highlighting that emotional investment in an entity compels individuals to perceive it as conscious, as seen in the case of forming relationships with AIs.', 'The increasing integration of AI into social conventions and the potential impact on the legal system. The chapter addresses the increasing integration of AI into social conventions, suggesting that the legal system may soon treat computers as conscious entities due to the formation of intimate relationships with AIs.', "The impact of intelligent design on AI's ability to form relationships with humans and the evolving nature of entities from natural selection to intelligent design. It explores the impact of intelligent design on AI's ability to form relationships with humans, highlighting the evolving nature of entities from natural selection to intelligent design, leading to AI being designed to form intimate relationships with humans."]}, {'end': 797.686, 'start': 673.422, 'title': 'Emotions and communication', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenge of emotions in human communication and the contrast with computer interactions, highlighting the desire for undivided attention and the paradox of needing space for respect and admiration.', 'duration': 124.264, 'highlights': ['Computers can fully focus on the conversation without being hindered by emotions, making people feel like they are being listened to 100% of the time, posing both a temptation and a danger.', 'The paradox of human communication is that while we desire undivided attention, we also need individuals to sometimes not listen to us and exhibit self-importance for us to respect them.', 'Emotions can hinder effective communication, as individuals may be more focused on their own thoughts and feelings rather than fully listening to the other person.']}, {'end': 1221.719, 'start': 798.606, 'title': 'Impacts of ai on society', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential dangers and positive impacts of ai on society, highlighting the need for careful deployment and the historical precedent of failed experiments with new technologies, which could cost the lives of millions of people.', 'duration': 423.113, 'highlights': ['The potential dangers and positive impacts of AI on society are discussed, emphasizing the need for careful deployment. Discusses the potential dangers and positive impacts of AI on society, emphasizing the need for careful deployment.', 'Historical precedent of failed experiments with new technologies and the potential cost in terms of human lives and the survival of the species. Discusses the historical precedent of failed experiments with new technologies and the potential cost in terms of human lives and the survival of the species.', 'The development of AI for grabbing attention and human intimacy is highlighted, with concerns raised about the potential negative impacts on society. Discusses the development of AI for grabbing attention and human intimacy, with concerns raised about the potential negative impacts on society.', 'The potential positive impacts of AI in areas such as medicine, healthcare, and education are acknowledged, while also acknowledging the dangerous potential of AI development. Acknowledges the potential positive impacts of AI in areas such as medicine, healthcare, and education, while also acknowledging the dangerous potential of AI development.', 'The discussion of failed experiments with new technologies and the potential consequences in terms of human lives and the survival of the species is emphasized. Emphasizes the discussion of failed experiments with new technologies and the potential consequences in terms of human lives and the survival of the species.']}, {'end': 1780.785, 'start': 1222.26, 'title': "Homo sapiens' success and the power of fiction", 'summary': 'Explores the success of homo sapiens in outcompeting other human-like species, emphasizing the role of collective cooperation and the power of fiction in driving large-scale human collaboration and societal structures, including religion, politics, and economics.', 'duration': 558.525, 'highlights': ['The success of Homo sapiens is attributed to collective cooperation and the ability to cooperate flexibly in unlimited numbers, leading to the formation of large networks for political, commercial, and religious activities, with the global trade network now encompassing 8 billion people and countries like China and India having 1.4 billion citizens.', "The key to Homo sapiens' dominance lies in their ability to create and believe in fiction, which forms the basis of large-scale human cooperation, as evident in religion, modern politics, and economics, with money being described as the most successful story ever told and a figment of imagination valued by the belief of the masses."]}], 'duration': 1695.735, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw85050.jpg', 'highlights': ['The rarity of events like the origin of the universe and life on earth is emphasized, questioning the likelihood of intelligent alien civilizations in the vastness of space and time.', 'Consciousness is deemed more valuable than intelligence due to its intrinsic connection with feelings and emotions, highlighting the potential self-destructive nature of intelligence.', 'The potential for consciousness in non-organic entities, such as computers and AI, is discussed, raising questions about the essential connection between organic biochemistry and consciousness.', 'The inability to prove consciousness in others and the reliance on social conventions for attributing consciousness to entities is emphasized.', 'The influence of relationships on consciousness perception and the role of emotional investment in attributing consciousness to entities is discussed.', 'The increasing integration of AI into social conventions and the potential impact on the legal system is addressed.', "The impact of intelligent design on AI's ability to form relationships with humans and the evolving nature of entities from natural selection to intelligent design is explored.", 'Emotions can hinder effective communication, as individuals may be more focused on their own thoughts and feelings rather than fully listening to the other person.', 'The potential dangers and positive impacts of AI on society are discussed, emphasizing the need for careful deployment.', 'Historical precedent of failed experiments with new technologies and the potential cost in terms of human lives and the survival of the species is discussed.', 'The development of AI for grabbing attention and human intimacy is highlighted, with concerns raised about the potential negative impacts on society.', 'The potential positive impacts of AI in areas such as medicine, healthcare, and education are acknowledged, while also acknowledging the dangerous potential of AI development.', 'The success of Homo sapiens is attributed to collective cooperation and the ability to cooperate flexibly in unlimited numbers, leading to the formation of large networks for political, commercial, and religious activities.', "The key to Homo sapiens' dominance lies in their ability to create and believe in fiction, which forms the basis of large-scale human cooperation, as evident in religion, modern politics, and economics."]}, {'end': 2542.521, 'segs': [{'end': 1868.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1820.043, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1828.41, 'text': 'We, instead of using the stories for our purposes, we allow the stories to use us for their purposes.', 'start': 1820.043, 'duration': 8.367}, {'end': 1832.333, 'text': 'And then you start entire wars because of a story.', 'start': 1828.91, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 1837.958, 'text': 'You inflict millions, suffering on millions of people just for the sake of a story.', 'start': 1832.733, 'duration': 5.225}, {'end': 1840.78, 'text': "And that's the tragedy of human history.", 'start': 1838.638, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 1849.508, 'text': 'So the fundamental property of life of a living organism is the capacity to feel, and the ultimate feeling is suffering.', 'start': 1841.08, 'duration': 8.428}, {'end': 1852.045, 'text': "know, to know if you're happy or not.", 'start': 1850.203, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1858.991, 'text': "it's a very difficult question, yeah, but when you suffer, you know, yes, and also in in ethical terms,", 'start': 1852.045, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 1868.14, 'text': "it's more important to be aware of sufferings and of any other emotion if you're doing something which is causing all kinds of emo,", 'start': 1858.991, 'duration': 9.149}], 'summary': 'Stories can lead to wars and suffering, highlighting the tragedy of human history.', 'duration': 48.097, 'max_score': 1820.043, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1820043.jpg'}, {'end': 1937.534, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1912.874, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1921.174, 'text': 'And the interesting question there implied in your statements is that suffering is a pretty good component of a Turing test for consciousness.', 'start': 1912.874, 'duration': 8.3}, {'end': 1923.755, 'text': 'This is the most important thing to ask about AI.', 'start': 1921.474, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1934.581, 'text': 'Can it suffer? Because if AI can suffer, then it is an ethical subject and it needs protection, it needs rights, just like humans and animals.', 'start': 1924.175, 'duration': 10.406}, {'end': 1937.534, 'text': 'Well, quite a long time ago already.', 'start': 1935.373, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': 'Suffering as a component of a turing test for ai consciousness is an important ethical consideration.', 'duration': 24.66, 'max_score': 1912.874, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1912874.jpg'}, {'end': 2326.86, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2294.116, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2299.299, 'text': 'the what should be banned is ai pretending to be a human being.', 'start': 2294.116, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 2305.064, 'text': 'This is something that will erode trust, and without trust society collapses.', 'start': 2300.16, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 2313.31, 'text': 'This is something that especially will endanger democracies because democracies are built on, democracy is a conversation basically.', 'start': 2305.764, 'duration': 7.546}, {'end': 2316.913, 'text': "And it's a conversation between people.", 'start': 2314.631, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 2326.86, 'text': 'If you now flood the public sphere with millions and potentially billions of AI agents that can hold conversations.', 'start': 2317.913, 'duration': 8.947}], 'summary': 'Ai pretending to be human should be banned to protect trust and democracy.', 'duration': 32.744, 'max_score': 2294.116, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw2294116.jpg'}], 'start': 1781.786, 'title': 'Tragic consequences and ethical implications', 'summary': 'Discusses the tragic consequences of allowing stories to use us, leading to wars and suffering, emphasizing the importance of being aware of suffering and considering the ethical implications of our actions. it also explores the ethical implications of creating ai with the ability to simulate suffering and human-like qualities, emphasizing the potential impact on society, trust, and democracy, as well as the concept of truth and the invention of rules, while highlighting the need for clear distinction between ai and humans.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1911.533, 'start': 1781.786, 'title': 'The tragedy of history', 'summary': 'Discusses the tragic consequences of allowing stories to use us, leading to wars and suffering, emphasizing the importance of being aware of suffering and considering the ethical implications of our actions.', 'duration': 129.747, 'highlights': ['Stories are tools that can alleviate suffering when used appropriately, but often they are allowed to use us, leading to wars and suffering inflicted on millions of people.', 'The fundamental property of life is the capacity to feel, with the ultimate feeling being suffering, making it important to be aware of and consider the suffering caused by our actions.', 'In certain cases, such as during an epidemic, actions may cause tremendous suffering, but it is crucial to be aware of the cost and continually question whether it is worth it.']}, {'end': 2542.521, 'start': 1912.874, 'title': 'Ethical implications of ai consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the ethical implications of creating ai with the ability to simulate suffering and human-like qualities, emphasizing the potential impact on society, trust, and democracy, as well as the concept of truth and the invention of rules, while highlighting the need for clear distinction between ai and humans.', 'duration': 629.647, 'highlights': ['Creating AI with the ability to simulate suffering and human-like qualities raises ethical concerns and potential societal impact. The discussion emphasizes the ethical implications of imbuing AI with the ability to simulate suffering, jealousy, anger, and other human-like qualities, highlighting the potential manipulation of human compassion and the need for protection and clear ethical guidelines.', 'The potential impact of AI on society, trust, and democracy is emphasized, especially in the context of flooding the public sphere with AI agents capable of tailoring conversations and eroding trust. The potential consequences of flooding the public sphere with AI agents capable of tailoring conversations, manipulating emotions, and potentially ruining trust between individuals are highlighted, emphasizing the detrimental impact on democratic conversations and the erosion of societal trust.', 'The concept of truth and the invention of rules are discussed, emphasizing the importance of honesty about the origins of rules and their potential for change. The discussion delves into the concept of truth related to human suffering, fictional stories, and the invention of rules, highlighting the importance of honesty about the origins of rules and the enabling of rule changes, drawing parallels between the rules of sports, fundamental rules of a country, and the American Constitution.', 'The need for clear distinction between AI and humans, as well as the potential erosion of trust and democracy, is emphasized. The need for clear distinction between AI and humans, especially in the context of AI pretending to be human and potentially flooding the public sphere, is emphasized, highlighting the erosion of trust and the potential collapse of democratic conversations and societies.']}], 'duration': 760.735, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw1781786.jpg', 'highlights': ['Stories are tools that can alleviate suffering when used appropriately, but often they are allowed to use us, leading to wars and suffering inflicted on millions of people.', 'Creating AI with the ability to simulate suffering and human-like qualities raises ethical concerns and potential societal impact.', 'The fundamental property of life is the capacity to feel, with the ultimate feeling being suffering, making it important to be aware of and consider the suffering caused by our actions.', 'The potential impact of AI on society, trust, and democracy is emphasized, especially in the context of flooding the public sphere with AI agents capable of tailoring conversations and eroding trust.']}, {'end': 3495.069, 'segs': [{'end': 2689.752, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2654.962, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2658.744, 'text': 'They come from religions and ideologies and stories.', 'start': 2654.962, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 2664.547, 'text': "So it's not that stories are a smokescreen to hide the real interests.", 'start': 2659.184, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 2669.029, 'text': 'The stories create the interests in the first place.', 'start': 2665.027, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 2672.311, 'text': 'The stories define who are the competing groups.', 'start': 2669.329, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 2677.488, 'text': 'Nations, religions, cultures, they are not biological entities.', 'start': 2673.447, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 2680.789, 'text': 'They are not like species, like gorillas and chimpanzees, no.', 'start': 2677.788, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2689.752, 'text': 'Israelis and Palestinians, or Germans and French, or Chinese and Americans, they have no essential biological difference between them.', 'start': 2681.569, 'duration': 8.183}], 'summary': 'Stories shape interests and define competing groups, transcending biological differences.', 'duration': 34.79, 'max_score': 2654.962, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw2654962.jpg'}, {'end': 2828.921, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2800.805, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2803.547, 'text': 'It was such an unlikely thing to happen.', 'start': 2800.805, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 2805.389, 'text': "And it's the same with Islam.", 'start': 2804.288, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 2808.652, 'text': "It's the same, I don't know, with the communist takeover of Russia.", 'start': 2806.129, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 2820.455, 'text': "In 1914, if you told people that in three years Lenin and the Bolsheviks will gain power in the Tsarist empire, they would think you're utterly crazy.", 'start': 2809.767, 'duration': 10.688}, {'end': 2828.921, 'text': 'You know, Lenin had a few thousand supporters in 1914 in an empire of close to 200 million people.', 'start': 2820.475, 'duration': 8.446}], 'summary': 'Unlikely events: bolsheviks gained power in 1917 with few thousand supporters in an empire of close to 200 million people.', 'duration': 28.116, 'max_score': 2800.805, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw2800805.jpg'}, {'end': 2906.61, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2878.857, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2883.025, 'text': "I mean, what's your view on that? I find it a compelling notion.", 'start': 2878.857, 'duration': 4.168}, {'end': 2885.226, 'text': "I'm a sucker for a great speech and a vision.", 'start': 2883.185, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 2895.048, 'text': "So I have a sense that there's an importance for a leader to catalyze the viral spread of a story.", 'start': 2885.746, 'duration': 9.302}, {'end': 2906.61, 'text': "So, like I think we need leaders to be just great storytellers that kind of sharpen up the story to make sure it infiltrates everybody's brain effectively.", 'start': 2896.348, 'duration': 10.262}], 'summary': 'Effective leaders should be great storytellers to spread a compelling vision and catalyze viral story spread.', 'duration': 27.753, 'max_score': 2878.857, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw2878857.jpg'}, {'end': 3066.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3011.738, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3019.569, 'text': 'Given the economic incentives and the science and technology of the time then,', 'start': 3011.738, 'duration': 7.831}, {'end': 3025.497, 'text': 'the rise of the personal computer was probably inevitable sometime in the late 20th century.', 'start': 3019.569, 'duration': 5.928}, {'end': 3028.361, 'text': 'But the where and when is crucial.', 'start': 3025.778, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 3041.411, 'text': "The fact that it was California in the 1970s and not say, I don't know, Japan in the 1980s or China in the 1990s, this made a huge, huge difference.", 'start': 3028.982, 'duration': 12.429}, {'end': 3049.216, 'text': 'So you have this interplay between the structural forces, which are beyond the control of any single charismatic leader.', 'start': 3041.711, 'duration': 7.505}, {'end': 3052.799, 'text': 'but then the small changes they can have a big effect.', 'start': 3049.216, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 3055.66, 'text': 'And I think, for instance, about the war in Ukraine.', 'start': 3053.619, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 3066.227, 'text': "There was a moment now it's a struggle between nations, but there was a moment when the decision was taken in the mind of a single individual,", 'start': 3056.281, 'duration': 9.946}], 'summary': 'The rise of the personal computer in california in the 1970s was crucial due to economic incentives and technology, highlighting the impact of small changes and individual decisions.', 'duration': 54.489, 'max_score': 3011.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3011738.jpg'}, {'end': 3165.281, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3139.521, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3146.646, 'text': 'I think that if a few things were different, there would have been no Third Reich, there would have been no Nazism, no Holocaust.', 'start': 3139.521, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 3147.787, 'text': 'Again, this is the tragedy.', 'start': 3146.666, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3153.651, 'text': 'If it would have been inevitable, then what can you do? This is the laws of history or the laws of physics.', 'start': 3148.367, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 3159.555, 'text': 'But the tragedy is, no, it was decisions by humans that led to that direction.', 'start': 3154.112, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 3165.281, 'text': 'And even from the viewpoint of the Germans.', 'start': 3160.555, 'duration': 4.726}], 'summary': 'Tragedy of human decisions led to third reich, nazism, holocaust.', 'duration': 25.76, 'max_score': 3139.521, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3139521.jpg'}, {'end': 3253.586, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3224.534, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3230.837, 'text': 'I mean, you really had to have the war in order to have a prosperous Germany in the 19th century? Absolutely not.', 'start': 3224.534, 'duration': 6.303}, {'end': 3232.637, 'text': "And it's the same with Japan.", 'start': 3231.497, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 3233.698, 'text': "It's the same with Italy.", 'start': 3232.697, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 3237.879, 'text': 'So it was not inevitable.', 'start': 3234.998, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 3244.542, 'text': 'It was not the forces of history that necessitated, that forced Germany to take this path.', 'start': 3237.919, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 3250.164, 'text': 'I think part of it is part of the appeal of..', 'start': 3245.903, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 3253.586, 'text': 'Again, Hitler was a very, very skillful storyteller.', 'start': 3250.164, 'duration': 3.422}], 'summary': 'War did not lead to prosperity in 19th century germany, japan, or italy. hitler was a skillful storyteller.', 'duration': 29.052, 'max_score': 3224.534, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3224534.jpg'}, {'end': 3372.735, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3310.362, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3320.475, 'text': 'when you look at stories, at the competition between different stories and between stories fiction and the truth, the truth has two big problems.', 'start': 3310.362, 'duration': 10.113}, {'end': 3326.743, 'text': 'The truth tends to be complicated and the truth tends to be painful.', 'start': 3321.737, 'duration': 5.006}, {'end': 3338.976, 'text': "The real story of, let's talk about nations, the real story of every nation is complicated and it contains some painful episodes.", 'start': 3328.453, 'duration': 10.523}, {'end': 3340.837, 'text': 'We are not always good.', 'start': 3339.596, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 3342.937, 'text': 'We sometimes do bad things.', 'start': 3341.437, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 3350.78, 'text': "Now, if you go to people and you tell them a complicated and painful story, many of them don't want to listen.", 'start': 3343.678, 'duration': 7.102}, {'end': 3360.798, 'text': "The advantage of fiction is that it can be made as simple and as painless or attractive as you want it to be because it's fiction.", 'start': 3351.721, 'duration': 9.077}, {'end': 3369.754, 'text': 'And then what you see is that politicians like Hitler, they create a very simple story.', 'start': 3362.691, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 3371.275, 'text': 'We are the heroes.', 'start': 3370.154, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3372.735, 'text': 'We always do good things.', 'start': 3371.415, 'duration': 1.32}], 'summary': 'Truth is complex and painful, while fiction offers simplicity and attractiveness. hitler used a simple story to gain support.', 'duration': 62.373, 'max_score': 3310.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3310362.jpg'}, {'end': 3429.616, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3402.187, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3405.328, 'text': 'why, because people hear of fascism, is this monster?', 'start': 3402.187, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 3416.247, 'text': 'And then, when you hear the actual fascist story, what fascists tell you is always very beautiful and attractive.', 'start': 3406.32, 'duration': 9.927}, {'end': 3419.85, 'text': 'Fascists are people who come and tell you, you are wonderful.', 'start': 3416.827, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 3423.752, 'text': 'You belong to the most wonderful group of people in the world.', 'start': 3420.71, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 3424.913, 'text': 'You are beautiful.', 'start': 3424.053, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 3426.274, 'text': 'You are ethical.', 'start': 3425.413, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 3427.775, 'text': 'Everything you do is good.', 'start': 3426.594, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 3429.616, 'text': 'You have never done anything wrong.', 'start': 3428.075, 'duration': 1.541}], 'summary': 'Fascists lure with appealing messages, praising individuals and their actions.', 'duration': 27.429, 'max_score': 3402.187, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3402187.jpg'}], 'start': 2542.521, 'title': 'Historical influences', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of ideas, charismatic leaders, decisions, and fiction on history, highlighting examples like christianity and the communist takeover of russia, the discovery of america, and the rise of the personal computer. it emphasizes the unpredictable nature of historical events, the small differences that can make a huge impact, and the significant repercussions of seemingly inconsequential choices. additionally, it explores how fiction creates appealing narratives exploited by politicians, leading to dangerous illusions and perceptions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2852.531, 'start': 2542.521, 'title': 'Evolution of ideas in history', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of ideas in history, emphasizing that stories and ideologies drive conflicts, shape identities, and create interests, with examples like christianity and the communist takeover of russia, highlighting the unpredictable nature of historical events.', 'duration': 310.01, 'highlights': ['Stories and ideologies drive conflicts, shape identities, and create interests in history. The interests which drive conflicts in history come from religions and ideologies, not biology, as stories create the identity and interests of competing groups.', 'Unpredictable nature of historical events Examples like the success of Christianity and the communist takeover of Russia illustrate the unpredictable nature of historical events, where unlikely events, like the rise of Christianity and the communist takeover, have shaped history.', 'Influence of ideas in shaping historical events The discussion on the success of Christianity and the communist takeover of Russia highlights how ideas have significantly influenced and shaped historical events, despite the unpredictable nature of these occurrences.']}, {'end': 3041.411, 'start': 2852.551, 'title': 'Impact of charismatic leaders in history', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of charismatic leaders on history, emphasizing the importance of storytelling and local interactions, and highlighting the small differences that can make a huge impact, such as the discovery of america and the rise of the personal computer.', 'duration': 188.86, 'highlights': ['The importance of storytelling and local interactions in history is emphasized, with a focus on the impact of charismatic leaders. The chapter discusses the importance of leaders as great storytellers to catalyze the viral spread of a story, emphasizing the significance of local interactions between humans in shaping history.', 'Small differences can have a huge impact on history, as exemplified by the discovery of America and the rise of the personal computer. The small differences, such as the timing and origin of events, are highlighted, showing how the discovery of America and the rise of the personal computer were influenced by small variations that led to significant historical outcomes.']}, {'end': 3310.362, 'start': 3041.711, 'title': 'Decisions and consequences', 'summary': "Explores the impact of individual decisions on historical events, citing examples such as vladimir putin's role in the war in ukraine and the rise of the third reich, emphasizing the significant repercussions of seemingly inconsequential choices.", 'duration': 268.651, 'highlights': ["Hitler's rise to power and the Third Reich was not inevitable, with individual decisions and circumstances playing a significant role in shaping history. The narrative emphasizes the non-inevitability of Hitler's rise to power, highlighting the role of human decisions and circumstances in shaping historical events.", "Vladimir Putin's individual decision-making had a significant impact on the war in Ukraine, demonstrating the substantial consequences of seemingly small choices. The discussion showcases how a single individual's decision, such as that of Vladimir Putin, can have a substantial impact on global events, underscoring the ripple effect of seemingly small choices.", "Hitler's appeal as a skillful storyteller and his ability to resonate with the disillusioned population played a significant role in his rise to power. The analysis delves into Hitler's skillful storytelling and his ability to resonate with a disillusioned population, highlighting the significance of his appeal in garnering support and influencing historical outcomes."]}, {'end': 3495.069, 'start': 3310.362, 'title': 'The power of fiction', 'summary': 'Explores how fiction presents a simple and attractive narrative, making it more appealing than the complex and painful truth, which is exploited by politicians like hitler to create an illusion of heroism and victimhood in fascism, leading people to perceive themselves as beautiful and innocent. it also highlights the danger of underestimating the allure of appealing narratives, as seen in fictional characters like voldemort and darth vader.', 'duration': 184.707, 'highlights': ['Politicians like Hitler exploit the simplicity and attractiveness of fiction to create an illusion of heroism and victimhood in fascism, leading people to perceive themselves as beautiful and innocent.', 'The truth tends to be complicated and painful, making it less appealing than fiction, which can be made as simple and attractive as desired.', 'Fascists manipulate narratives to portray individuals as victims and create a sense of beauty and innocence, which is dangerous as it can lead people to overlook the true nature of fascism.', 'The danger of underestimating the allure of appealing narratives is exemplified in fictional characters like Voldemort and Darth Vader, indicating the power of simple and attractive storytelling.']}], 'duration': 952.548, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw2542521.jpg', 'highlights': ['Stories and ideologies drive conflicts, shape identities, and create interests in history.', 'The success of Christianity and the communist takeover of Russia illustrate the unpredictable nature of historical events.', 'The discussion on the success of Christianity and the communist takeover of Russia highlights how ideas have significantly influenced and shaped historical events.', 'The importance of leaders as great storytellers to catalyze the viral spread of a story, emphasizing the significance of local interactions between humans in shaping history.', 'The small differences, such as the timing and origin of events, are highlighted, showing how the discovery of America and the rise of the personal computer were influenced by small variations that led to significant historical outcomes.', "The narrative emphasizes the non-inevitability of Hitler's rise to power, highlighting the role of human decisions and circumstances in shaping historical events.", "The discussion showcases how a single individual's decision, such as that of Vladimir Putin, can have a substantial impact on global events, underscoring the ripple effect of seemingly small choices.", "The analysis delves into Hitler's skillful storytelling and his ability to resonate with a disillusioned population, highlighting the significance of his appeal in garnering support and influencing historical outcomes.", 'Politicians like Hitler exploit the simplicity and attractiveness of fiction to create an illusion of heroism and victimhood in fascism, leading people to perceive themselves as beautiful and innocent.', 'The truth tends to be complicated and painful, making it less appealing than fiction, which can be made as simple and attractive as desired.', 'Fascists manipulate narratives to portray individuals as victims and create a sense of beauty and innocence, which is dangerous as it can lead people to overlook the true nature of fascism.', 'The danger of underestimating the allure of appealing narratives is exemplified in fictional characters like Voldemort and Darth Vader, indicating the power of simple and attractive storytelling.']}, {'end': 4648.594, 'segs': [{'end': 3524.196, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3495.869, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3502.392, 'text': "That's the danger, that you see something as very beautiful, you don't understand the monster underneath.", 'start': 3495.869, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 3505.278, 'text': 'And you write precisely about this.', 'start': 3503.456, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 3507.06, 'text': "And by the way, it's just a small aside.", 'start': 3505.318, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 3514.687, 'text': 'It always saddens me when people say how obvious it is to them that communism is a flawed ideology.', 'start': 3508.961, 'duration': 5.726}, {'end': 3524.196, 'text': 'When you ask them, try to put your mind, try to put yourself in the beginning of the 20th century and see what you would do.', 'start': 3515.568, 'duration': 8.628}], 'summary': 'Warning about underestimating dangers of ideologies like communism', 'duration': 28.327, 'max_score': 3495.869, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3495869.jpg'}, {'end': 3584.433, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3558.377, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3565.541, 'text': 'Socialist humanism, which encompassed a plethora of socialist and communist movements, and evolutionary humanism,', 'start': 3558.377, 'duration': 7.164}, {'end': 3567.943, 'text': 'whose most famous advocates were the nazis.', 'start': 3565.541, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 3576.408, 'text': "so, if you can just linger on that, what's the ideological connection between nazism and communism as embodied by humanism, and humanism?", 'start': 3567.943, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 3584.433, 'text': 'basically is, you know, the focus is on humans, that they are the most important thing in the world.', 'start': 3576.408, 'duration': 8.025}], 'summary': 'Socialist and communist movements, evolutionary humanism, and the focus on human importance.', 'duration': 26.056, 'max_score': 3558.377, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3558377.jpg'}, {'end': 3937.355, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3909.963, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3915.685, 'text': 'The only thing that matter is the victory of the state or the victory of the class.', 'start': 3909.963, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 3920.785, 'text': 'And liberalism was the antithesis to that.', 'start': 3916.562, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 3927.209, 'text': 'It says, no, not only, it has a much more complicated view of the world.', 'start': 3921.505, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 3931.031, 'text': 'Again, both communism and fascism, they had a very simple view of the world.', 'start': 3927.229, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 3937.355, 'text': 'There is one, your loyalty, 100% of it should be only to one thing.', 'start': 3932.152, 'duration': 5.203}], 'summary': 'Communism and fascism promote singular loyalty, while liberalism takes a more complex view.', 'duration': 27.392, 'max_score': 3909.963, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3909963.jpg'}, {'end': 4072.121, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4044.451, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4047.812, 'text': 'The whole idea of liberal democracy is embracing fallibility.', 'start': 4044.451, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 4049.353, 'text': 'Everybody is fallible.', 'start': 4048.112, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 4054.474, 'text': 'All people, all leaders, all political parties, all institutions.', 'start': 4050.213, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 4057.595, 'text': 'This is why we need checks and balances and we need many of them.', 'start': 4054.734, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 4064.738, 'text': 'If you have just one, then this particular check itself could make terrible mistakes.', 'start': 4058.396, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 4072.121, 'text': 'So you need a press, you need the media to serve as a check to the government.', 'start': 4065.218, 'duration': 6.903}], 'summary': 'Liberal democracy requires checks and balances to manage fallibility, including the press as a check on the government.', 'duration': 27.67, 'max_score': 4044.451, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4044451.jpg'}, {'end': 4471.743, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4412.665, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4417.95, 'text': "there is a single check that can prevent it from becoming the law of the land, and that's the Supreme Court.", 'start': 4412.665, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 4424.113, 'text': 'And now the Netanyahu government is trying to neutralize or take over the Supreme Court.', 'start': 4418.87, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 4427.595, 'text': "And they've already prepared a long list of laws.", 'start': 4424.613, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 4428.875, 'text': 'They already talk about it.', 'start': 4427.855, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 4439.781, 'text': 'What will happen the moment that this last check on the power is gone? They are openly trying to gain unlimited power.', 'start': 4429.796, 'duration': 9.985}, {'end': 4451.805, 'text': 'And they openly talk about it, that once they have it, then they will take away the rights of Arabs, of LGBT people, of women, of secular Jews.', 'start': 4441.001, 'duration': 10.804}, {'end': 4456.149, 'text': 'And this is why you have hundreds of thousands of people in the streets.', 'start': 4452.426, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 4462.774, 'text': 'You have air force pilots saying, we stop flying.', 'start': 4456.609, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 4465.456, 'text': 'This is unheard of in Israel.', 'start': 4464.195, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 4468.278, 'text': 'I mean, we are still living under existential threat.', 'start': 4465.476, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 4471.743, 'text': 'from Iran, from other enemies.', 'start': 4469.642, 'duration': 2.101}], 'summary': 'Netanyahu government aims to control supreme court, threatening rights of minorities. protests erupt.', 'duration': 59.078, 'max_score': 4412.665, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4412665.jpg'}, {'end': 4551.225, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4524.31, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4533.436, 'text': 'If this country becomes a fundamentalist and militarist dictatorship, it can set fire to the entire Middle East.', 'start': 4524.31, 'duration': 9.126}, {'end': 4541.441, 'text': 'It can, again, have destabilizing effects far beyond the borders of Israel.', 'start': 4534.037, 'duration': 7.404}, {'end': 4547.663, 'text': "So you think, without the check on power, it's possible that the Netanyahu government holds on to power?", 'start': 4541.601, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 4551.225, 'text': 'Nobody tries to gain unlimited power just for nothing.', 'start': 4548.204, 'duration': 3.021}], 'summary': 'Unchecked power in a fundamentalist dictatorship can destabilize the middle east and beyond.', 'duration': 26.915, 'max_score': 4524.31, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4524310.jpg'}], 'start': 3495.869, 'title': 'Ideological perspectives and threat to democracy', 'summary': "Discusses the dangers of ideologies like communism, liberalism, and fascism, contrasts their views on history, and highlights the threat to democracy posed by the netanyahu government's unchecked power and actions against the supreme court.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3584.433, 'start': 3495.869, 'title': 'Communism and humanism', 'summary': 'Discusses the danger of seeing ideologies like communism as beautiful without understanding the underlying flaws, and highlights the ideological connection between nazism and communism as embodied by humanism.', 'duration': 88.564, 'highlights': ['The danger of seeing ideologies like communism as beautiful without understanding the underlying flaws is emphasized.', 'The ideological connection between nazism and communism as embodied by humanism is highlighted, pointing out the focus on humans as the most important thing in the world.', 'The chapter also touches upon the saddening misconception of the obvious flaws of communism when put into the context of the 20th century.']}, {'end': 4195.372, 'start': 3584.433, 'title': 'Ideological perspectives on history', 'summary': 'Discusses the contrasting views of liberalism, communism, and fascism, highlighting the liberal ideology of individual rights and fallibility, and the damaging effects of sacrificing truth and beauty in communist and fascist regimes.', 'duration': 610.939, 'highlights': ['Liberalism emphasizes individual rights and rejects absolute loyalty to the nation or class, distinguishing it from communism and fascism. Liberalism emphasizes individual rights and rejects absolute loyalty to the nation or class, distinguishing it from communism and fascism.', 'Communism and fascism prioritize loyalty to the nation or class, sacrificing truth, beauty, and individual liberties for the sake of the state or the proletariat. Communism and fascism prioritize loyalty to the nation or class, sacrificing truth, beauty, and individual liberties for the sake of the state or the proletariat.', 'Liberal democracy embraces fallibility and advocates for checks and balances to prevent abuse of power, in contrast to the infallibility beliefs of communism and fascism. Liberal democracy embraces fallibility and advocates for checks and balances to prevent abuse of power, in contrast to the infallibility beliefs of communism and fascism.', 'The chapter also addresses the role of individual people in spreading stories and the capacity for both good and evil, influenced by self-awareness and moral luck. The chapter also addresses the role of individual people in spreading stories and the capacity for both good and evil, influenced by self-awareness and moral luck.']}, {'end': 4648.594, 'start': 4195.432, 'title': "Netanyahu's power and threat to democracy", 'summary': 'Highlights the unchecked power of the netanyahu government, its attempts to neutralize the supreme court, and the resulting protests as a threat to israeli democracy and stability, with potential global repercussions.', 'duration': 453.162, 'highlights': ["The Netanyahu government is attempting to neutralize the Supreme Court, which is the only check on its power, and has prepared a long list of laws to gain unlimited power. The government's efforts to weaken the Supreme Court and pass laws to consolidate power pose a significant threat to Israeli democracy and the rights of its citizens.", "Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have protested against the government, including air force pilots refusing to fly, indicating the widespread opposition to the government's actions. The scale of protests, including the unprecedented stance of air force pilots, reflects the significant public opposition to the government's attempts to consolidate power.", "The potential consequences of an unchecked Netanyahu government include the end of Israeli democracy, destabilization of the Middle East, and global repercussions due to Israel's nuclear power and advanced cyber capabilities. The unchecked power of the Netanyahu government could lead to the end of Israeli democracy and have far-reaching consequences, including destabilizing the Middle East and impacting global security."]}], 'duration': 1152.725, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw3495869.jpg', 'highlights': ['The unchecked power of the Netanyahu government could lead to the end of Israeli democracy and have far-reaching consequences, including destabilizing the Middle East and impacting global security.', "The potential consequences of an unchecked Netanyahu government include the end of Israeli democracy, destabilization of the Middle East, and global repercussions due to Israel's nuclear power and advanced cyber capabilities.", 'The Netanyahu government is attempting to neutralize the Supreme Court, which is the only check on its power, and has prepared a long list of laws to gain unlimited power.', "Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have protested against the government, including air force pilots refusing to fly, indicating the widespread opposition to the government's actions.", 'Liberal democracy embraces fallibility and advocates for checks and balances to prevent abuse of power, in contrast to the infallibility beliefs of communism and fascism.', 'Communism and fascism prioritize loyalty to the nation or class, sacrificing truth, beauty, and individual liberties for the sake of the state or the proletariat.', 'The ideological connection between nazism and communism as embodied by humanism is highlighted, pointing out the focus on humans as the most important thing in the world.', 'The danger of seeing ideologies like communism as beautiful without understanding the underlying flaws is emphasized.']}, {'end': 6299.377, 'segs': [{'end': 4677.813, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4648.774, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4656.458, 'text': 'This is why we are now at a very crucial moment, And when you see again hundreds of thousands of people in the streets almost every day,', 'start': 4648.774, 'duration': 7.684}, {'end': 4664.424, 'text': 'when you see resistance within the armed forces, within the security forces, you see high-tech companies saying we will go on strike.', 'start': 4656.458, 'duration': 7.966}, {'end': 4668.066, 'text': 'You know, they are private businesses, high-tech companies.', 'start': 4664.464, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 4677.813, 'text': "I think it's almost unprecedented for a private business to go on strike, because what will economic success benefit us?", 'start': 4668.987, 'duration': 8.826}], 'summary': 'Venezuela at a crucial moment, with widespread protests and support from armed forces and tech companies.', 'duration': 29.039, 'max_score': 4648.774, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4648774.jpg'}, {'end': 4757.704, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4721.9, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4723.722, 'text': 'it is already becoming a religious war.', 'start': 4721.9, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 4725.703, 'text': 'i mean the war.', 'start': 4723.722, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 4729.826, 'text': 'the conflict with the palestinians was for many years a national conflict.', 'start': 4725.703, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 4741.333, 'text': 'in essence, over the last few years, maybe a decade or two, it is morphing into a religious conflict, which is again a very worrying development.', 'start': 4729.826, 'duration': 11.507}, {'end': 4745.035, 'text': 'When nations are in conflict, you can reach some compromise.', 'start': 4741.713, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 4748.057, 'text': 'Okay, you have this bit of land, we have this bit of land.', 'start': 4745.636, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 4757.704, 'text': 'But when it becomes a religious conflict between fundamentalists, between messianic people, compromise becomes much more difficult,', 'start': 4748.377, 'duration': 9.327}], 'summary': 'The conflict with the palestinians is transitioning into a religious war, posing challenges for compromise.', 'duration': 35.804, 'max_score': 4721.9, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4721900.jpg'}, {'end': 4820.201, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4792.72, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4798.064, 'text': "I think it's easy to achieve peace if you have the motivation on both sides.", 'start': 4792.72, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 4806.47, 'text': 'Unfortunately, at the present juncture, there is not enough motivation on either side, either the Palestinian or Israeli side.', 'start': 4798.705, 'duration': 7.765}, {'end': 4812.272, 'text': 'You know, in mathematics, you have problems without solutions.', 'start': 4808.848, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 4817.658, 'text': 'You can prove mathematically that this mathematical problem has no solution.', 'start': 4812.652, 'duration': 5.006}, {'end': 4820.201, 'text': 'In politics, there is no such thing.', 'start': 4818.599, 'duration': 1.602}], 'summary': 'Peace hinges on mutual motivation, lacking at present.', 'duration': 27.481, 'max_score': 4792.72, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4792720.jpg'}, {'end': 4964.35, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4930.911, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4934.934, 'text': 'And there were several reasons why it changed, but one of them was new technology.', 'start': 4930.911, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 4951.524, 'text': 'Israel developed very sophisticated surveillance technology that has made it much easier for Israeli security forces to control 2.5 million Palestinians in the West Bank against their will,', 'start': 4935.814, 'duration': 15.71}, {'end': 4956.748, 'text': 'with a lot less effort less boots on the ground, also less blood.', 'start': 4951.524, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 4964.35, 'text': 'And Israel is also now exporting this technology to many other regimes around the world.', 'start': 4958.405, 'duration': 5.945}], 'summary': 'New technology from israel allows for better surveillance and control of 2.5 million palestinians with less effort and fewer boots on the ground, leading to less bloodshed. israel is also exporting this technology globally.', 'duration': 33.439, 'max_score': 4930.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4930911.jpg'}, {'end': 5093.489, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5068.796, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5074.42, 'text': 'And then you have the other Arabs, the third class, who have basically no civil rights and limited human rights.', 'start': 5068.796, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 5082.266, 'text': "And that's, again, nobody would openly speak about it, but effectively, this is the reality on the ground already.", 'start': 5075.121, 'duration': 7.145}, {'end': 5089.071, 'text': "So there's many, and I'll speak with them, Palestinians who characterize this as a de facto one-state apartheid.", 'start': 5082.646, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 5093.489, 'text': 'Do you agree with this? I would take issue with the term apartheid.', 'start': 5090.106, 'duration': 3.383}], 'summary': 'Palestinians describe de facto apartheid, but disagreement on the term.', 'duration': 24.693, 'max_score': 5068.796, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5068796.jpg'}, {'end': 5165.862, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5128.132, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5132.218, 'text': "And the apartheid regime was, no, you can't be equal citizens.", 'start': 5128.132, 'duration': 4.086}, {'end': 5135.442, 'text': "Now, in Israel, Palestine, it's different.", 'start': 5132.818, 'duration': 2.624}, {'end': 5136.664, 'text': 'The Palestinians.', 'start': 5135.662, 'duration': 1.002}, {'end': 5145.496, 'text': "many of them don't recognize the existence of Israel, are not willing to recognize it and they don't demand to be citizens of Israel.", 'start': 5136.664, 'duration': 8.832}, {'end': 5151.271, 'text': 'They demand some of them to destroy it and replace it with a Palestinian state.', 'start': 5146.547, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 5153.252, 'text': 'Some of them demand a separate state.', 'start': 5151.631, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 5165.862, 'text': 'But if the Palestinians would adopt the same policy as the black South Africans. if you have the Palestinians coming and saying okay, forget about it.', 'start': 5153.913, 'duration': 11.949}], 'summary': 'In israel, palestinians demand a separate state, not equal citizenship.', 'duration': 37.73, 'max_score': 5128.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5128132.jpg'}, {'end': 5236.568, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5210.728, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5219.677, 'text': "When you look at the long term of history, One of the curious things you see, and that's what makes us different human groups from animal species.", 'start': 5210.728, 'duration': 8.949}, {'end': 5224.22, 'text': 'You know, gorillas and chimpanzees, they are separate species, they can never merge.', 'start': 5220.017, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 5226.781, 'text': 'Cats and dogs will never merge.', 'start': 5224.68, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 5236.568, 'text': 'But different national and religious groups in history, even when they hate each other, surprisingly, they sometimes end by merging.', 'start': 5227.402, 'duration': 9.166}], 'summary': 'National and religious groups in history sometimes merge despite conflicts.', 'duration': 25.84, 'max_score': 5210.728, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5210728.jpg'}, {'end': 5348.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5315.592, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5316.893, 'text': 'Peace can be achieved any moment.', 'start': 5315.592, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 5317.654, 'text': "it's motivation.", 'start': 5316.893, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 5319.155, 'text': "In this case, it's just one person.", 'start': 5317.794, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 5321.697, 'text': "You just, Putin just need to say, that's it.", 'start': 5319.576, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 5326.202, 'text': "You know, the Ukrainians, they don't demand anything from Russia, just go home.", 'start': 5322.158, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 5327.843, 'text': "That's the only thing they want.", 'start': 5326.642, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 5330.886, 'text': "They don't want to conquer any bit of Russian territory.", 'start': 5328.323, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 5333.408, 'text': "They don't want to change the regime in Moscow, nothing.", 'start': 5331.126, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 5336.391, 'text': 'They just tell the Russians, go home.', 'start': 5333.708, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 5337.131, 'text': "That's it.", 'start': 5336.811, 'duration': 0.32}, {'end': 5339.793, 'text': 'And of course, again, motivation.', 'start': 5338.072, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 5348.475, 'text': 'How do you get somebody like Putin to admit that he made a colossal mistake, a human mistake, an ethical mistake,', 'start': 5340.133, 'duration': 8.342}], 'summary': 'Ukrainians seek peace, urging russians to go home. no territorial demands or regime change. motivating putin to admit mistake.', 'duration': 32.883, 'max_score': 5315.592, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5315592.jpg'}, {'end': 5444.486, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5408.568, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5415.114, 'text': 'people understood holding conversation between leaders is very important for the functioning of democracy.', 'start': 5408.568, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 5416.675, 'text': "We'll create a place for that.", 'start': 5415.334, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 5417.996, 'text': "That's called Congress.", 'start': 5416.996, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 5423.522, 'text': 'This is where leaders are supposed to meet and talk about the main issues of the day.', 'start': 5418.757, 'duration': 4.765}, {'end': 5428.976, 'text': 'Maybe there was a time sometime in the past when this actually happened.', 'start': 5424.222, 'duration': 4.754}, {'end': 5444.486, 'text': 'When you had two factions holding different ideas about foreign policy or economic policy and they met in Congress and somebody would come and give a speech and the people on the other side would say hey,', 'start': 5429.736, 'duration': 14.75}], 'summary': 'Creating a space for leaders to meet and discuss critical issues is essential for democracy.', 'duration': 35.918, 'max_score': 5408.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5408568.jpg'}, {'end': 5711.682, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5683.247, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5686.748, 'text': "My view is that no, it's not all about power structures.", 'start': 5683.247, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 5688.889, 'text': "It's not all about power dynamics.", 'start': 5687.208, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5694.651, 'text': 'Underneath the power structure, there are stories, stories in human minds.', 'start': 5689.109, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 5697.917, 'text': "And this is great news, if it's true.", 'start': 5695.976, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5706.24, 'text': 'This is good news because, unlike power, that can only be changed through fighting, stories can.', 'start': 5698.437, 'duration': 7.803}, {'end': 5711.682, 'text': "sometimes it's not easy, but sometimes stories can be changed through talking.", 'start': 5706.24, 'duration': 5.442}], 'summary': 'Power structures can be changed through stories and talking.', 'duration': 28.435, 'max_score': 5683.247, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5683247.jpg'}, {'end': 5812.881, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5785.362, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 5791.787, 'text': 'I very much believe in this vision that you have of the power of stories, and one of the tools is conversations.', 'start': 5785.362, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 5792.727, 'text': 'Another is books.', 'start': 5791.847, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 5797.39, 'text': "There's some guy that wrote a book about this power of stories.", 'start': 5793.908, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 5805.676, 'text': 'He happens to be sitting in front of me, and that happened to spread across a lot of people, and now they believe in the power of story and narrative.', 'start': 5797.931, 'duration': 7.745}, {'end': 5807.557, 'text': "even a children's book too, so the kids.", 'start': 5805.676, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 5812.881, 'text': "I mean it's fascinating how that spreads.", 'start': 5808.498, 'duration': 4.383}], 'summary': 'Belief in power of stories and conversations, spread through a book, impacting many people and children.', 'duration': 27.519, 'max_score': 5785.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5785362.jpg'}, {'end': 5897.114, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5868.392, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 5878.142, 'text': 'Because feminism believed in the power of stories, not so much in the power of violence, of armed conflict.', 'start': 5868.392, 'duration': 9.75}, {'end': 5886.75, 'text': 'By many measures, feminism has been maybe the most successful social movement of the 20th century and maybe of the modern age.', 'start': 5879.143, 'duration': 7.607}, {'end': 5893.653, 'text': 'systems of oppression, which were in place throughout the world for thousands of years.', 'start': 5888.391, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 5897.114, 'text': 'And they seem to be just natural, eternal.', 'start': 5894.373, 'duration': 2.741}], 'summary': "Feminism's success as a social movement is unparalleled in the 20th century and modern age.", 'duration': 28.722, 'max_score': 5868.392, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw5868392.jpg'}, {'end': 6132.391, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6100.039, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 6110.884, 'text': 'If you let corporations and armies and ruthless politicians uh change humans using tools like ai and bioengineering,', 'start': 6100.039, 'duration': 10.845}, {'end': 6121.449, 'text': "it's very likely that they will try to enhance a few human qualities that they need, like intelligence and discipline,", 'start': 6110.884, 'duration': 10.565}, {'end': 6132.391, 'text': 'while neglecting what are potentially more important human qualities like compassion, like autistic sensitivity, like spirituality.', 'start': 6121.449, 'duration': 10.942}], 'summary': 'Corporations and politicians may enhance intelligence and discipline, neglecting compassion and spirituality.', 'duration': 32.352, 'max_score': 6100.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw6100039.jpg'}], 'start': 4648.774, 'title': 'Challenges to peace in israel and historical forces of merger', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges to achieving peace in israel, including unprecedented protests, resistance within armed forces and high-tech companies, and transformation of the conflict into a religious war. it also delves into historical forces that have led separate human groups to sometimes end by merging, citing examples of germany, britain, and the potential for peace in ukraine. the chapter emphasizes the importance of real conversations between leaders and the power of stories and feminism in creating positive social change.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4874.411, 'start': 4648.774, 'title': 'Challenges to achieving peace in israel', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges to achieving peace in israel, highlighting the unprecedented protests, resistance within armed forces and high-tech companies, and the transformation of the conflict into a religious war.', 'duration': 225.637, 'highlights': ['The unprecedented protests, resistance within armed forces, and high-tech companies going on strike indicate the significant unrest in Israel. The chapter mentions hundreds of thousands of people in the streets almost every day, resistance within the armed forces, and high-tech companies going on strike.', 'The transformation of the conflict into a religious war poses a significant obstacle to reaching a compromise and achieving peace. The conflict with the Palestinians has morphed into a religious conflict, making compromise much more difficult due to the involvement of fundamentalists and messianic people.', 'The lack of motivation on both the Palestinian and Israeli sides is identified as a major obstacle to achieving peace. The chapter points out that there is not enough motivation on either the Palestinian or Israeli side, making it difficult to find a solution to the conflict.']}, {'end': 5209.346, 'start': 4874.931, 'title': "Israel's technological advancements", 'summary': "Highlights how israel's technological developments have made it easier to control the palestinian population, leading to the de facto three-class state and the shift from the two-state solution, while also addressing the comparison with apartheid and the potential for a one-state solution based on equal rights.", 'duration': 334.415, 'highlights': ["Israel's technological advancements have made it much easier for Israeli security forces to control 2.5 million Palestinians in the West Bank against their will, with a lot less effort and bloodshed. The development of sophisticated surveillance technology in Israel has significantly eased the control of the Palestinian population with reduced human effort and bloodshed.", 'The shift from the two-state solution to the de facto three-class state, with Jews enjoying full rights, some Arabs having limited rights, and a third class of Arabs having basically no civil rights. Israel has effectively abandoned the two-state solution, promoting a de facto three-class state where different groups have varying levels of rights and privileges.', "The comparison of the Israeli-Palestinian situation to apartheid is questioned due to the Palestinians' different demands and goals compared to black South Africans during apartheid. The comparison to apartheid is challenged based on the differences in demands and goals between the Palestinians and black South Africans during apartheid.", 'The potential for a one-state solution based on equal rights is discussed, with the acknowledgement that it is not imminent from either side. The possibility of a one-state solution with equal rights is contemplated, although it is deemed unlikely in the near future by both Israeli and Palestinian sides.']}, {'end': 5784.074, 'start': 5210.728, 'title': "History's forces of merger", 'summary': "Discusses the historical forces that have led separate human groups, even when hating each other, to sometimes end by merging, citing the examples of germany, britain, and the potential for peace in ukraine. it also delves into the importance of real conversations between leaders as a necessity for the functioning of democracy and the potential for change through storytelling and critical distance from one's own narratives.", 'duration': 573.346, 'highlights': ["The historical forces that have led separate human groups, even when hating each other, to sometimes end by merging. Examples include Germany's unification despite fierce internal divisions between Prussians, Bavarians, and Saxons, as well as religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, and the historical merging of English and Scots despite centuries of animosity.", "The potential for peace in Ukraine. Highlighting the simplicity of achieving peace by the Russians going home, emphasizing that Ukrainians don't demand anything from Russia except their withdrawal.", "The importance of real conversations between leaders for the functioning of democracy. The discussion emphasizes the decline of real conversations in American politics, questioning the existence of spaces where conversations that change people's minds still take place.", "The potential for change through storytelling and critical distance from one's own narratives. Citing the example of how the French and Germans, after generations of conflict, found a new story, the European story, that led them to live in peace, showcasing the possibility of change through storytelling and critical distance from one's own narratives."]}, {'end': 6299.377, 'start': 5785.362, 'title': 'Power of stories and feminism', 'summary': "Discusses the power of stories and feminism's success in creating positive social change mainly through non-violent means, while also highlighting the potential risks of allowing corporations and politicians to modify humans using new technologies.", 'duration': 514.015, 'highlights': ["Feminism's success as a social movement Feminism is highlighted as one of the most successful social movements of the 20th century and modern age, achieving significant positive changes mainly through non-violent means.", 'Risks of allowing corporations to modify humans The potential dangers of corporations and politicians using new technologies to modify humans, possibly leading to the creation of downgraded humans lacking important qualities like compassion and spirituality.', 'The power of stories and narratives Emphasizes the optimism and power of stories in connecting humans and effecting positive change, contrasting it with the use of violence for social change.']}], 'duration': 1650.603, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw4648774.jpg', 'highlights': ['The unprecedented protests, resistance within armed forces, and high-tech companies going on strike indicate significant unrest in Israel.', 'The transformation of the conflict into a religious war poses a significant obstacle to reaching a compromise and achieving peace.', 'The lack of motivation on both the Palestinian and Israeli sides is identified as a major obstacle to achieving peace.', "Israel's technological advancements have made it much easier for Israeli security forces to control 2.5 million Palestinians in the West Bank against their will.", 'The shift from the two-state solution to the de facto three-class state, with Jews enjoying full rights, some Arabs having limited rights, and a third class of Arabs having basically no civil rights.', "The comparison of the Israeli-Palestinian situation to apartheid is questioned due to the Palestinians' different demands and goals compared to black South Africans during apartheid.", 'The historical forces that have led separate human groups, even when hating each other, to sometimes end by merging.', 'The potential for peace in Ukraine, highlighting the simplicity of achieving peace by the Russians going home.', 'The importance of real conversations between leaders for the functioning of democracy.', "The potential for change through storytelling and critical distance from one's own narratives.", "Feminism's success as a social movement achieving significant positive changes mainly through non-violent means.", 'Risks of allowing corporations to modify humans, possibly leading to the creation of downgraded humans lacking important qualities like compassion and spirituality.', 'The power of stories and narratives emphasizing the optimism and power of stories in connecting humans and effecting positive change.']}, {'end': 7912.812, 'segs': [{'end': 6350.658, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6325.481, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6331.345, 'text': 'What are global cabal theories and why do so many people believe them? 37% of Americans, for example.', 'start': 6325.481, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 6334.408, 'text': 'Well, the global cabal theory.', 'start': 6332.247, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 6337.69, 'text': 'it has many variations, but basically there is a small group of people,', 'start': 6334.408, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 6342.353, 'text': 'a small cabal that secretly controls everything that is happening in the world.', 'start': 6337.69, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 6350.658, 'text': 'All the wars, all the revolutions, all the epidemics, everything that is happening is controlled by this very small group of people who are,', 'start': 6342.894, 'duration': 7.764}], 'summary': '37% of americans believe in global cabal theories, which posit a small group secretly controlling world events.', 'duration': 25.177, 'max_score': 6325.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw6325481.jpg'}, {'end': 6643.103, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6620.148, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6630.336, 'text': "So the idea that a small group of I don't know the Jewish Kabbalah, the Freemasons, whoever they can really control and predict all the wars.", 'start': 6620.148, 'duration': 10.188}, {'end': 6631.156, 'text': 'this is nonsense.', 'start': 6630.336, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 6636.58, 'text': 'The second thing that is nonsense is to think they can do that and still remain secret.', 'start': 6631.537, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 6643.103, 'text': 'It sometimes happens in history that a small group of people accumulates a lot of power.', 'start': 6637.581, 'duration': 5.522}], 'summary': 'Nonsense to think a small group can control wars and remain secret.', 'duration': 22.955, 'max_score': 6620.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw6620148.jpg'}, {'end': 7262.554, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7239.571, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7250.742, 'text': "I'm more worried about AI accumulating more and more power and basically taking over society, taking over our lives,", 'start': 7239.571, 'duration': 11.171}, {'end': 7258.949, 'text': "taking power away from us until we don't understand what is happening and we lose control of our lives and of the future.", 'start': 7250.742, 'duration': 8.207}, {'end': 7262.554, 'text': 'The two most important things to realize about AI.', 'start': 7259.932, 'duration': 2.622}], 'summary': "Ai's accumulation of power may lead to loss of control in society and our lives.", 'duration': 22.983, 'max_score': 7239.571, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw7239571.jpg'}, {'end': 7784.738, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7755.529, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7768.534, 'text': "I didn't think that we would have in 2023 an AI that can hold a conversation that you can't know if it's a human being or an AI that can write beautiful texts.", 'start': 7755.529, 'duration': 13.005}, {'end': 7776.517, 'text': 'I read the texts written by AI, and the thing that strikes me most is the coherence.', 'start': 7769.034, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 7779.113, 'text': "You know, people think, oh, it's nothing.", 'start': 7777.691, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 7782.776, 'text': 'They just take ideas from here and there, words from here and put it.', 'start': 7779.153, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 7784.738, 'text': "No, it's so coherent.", 'start': 7783.197, 'duration': 1.541}], 'summary': 'In 2023, ai can hold realistic conversations and write coherent texts.', 'duration': 29.209, 'max_score': 7755.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw7755529.jpg'}], 'start': 6299.377, 'title': "Global cabal theories and ai's impact", 'summary': 'Delves into the allure and fallacy of global cabal theories, their insignificance in global affairs, and the existential threats posed by ai, emphasizing the need to address real threats and seek human allies.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6619.648, 'start': 6299.377, 'title': 'Global cabal theories: attraction and fallacy', 'summary': 'Explores the allure and inherent falsehood of global cabal theories, which attract many due to their simplicity and the fantasy of shifting responsibility, despite being historically proven to be inaccurate and impossible to execute.', 'duration': 320.271, 'highlights': ['Global cabal theories attract many due to their simplicity and the fantasy of shifting responsibility, with 37% of Americans believing in them. The global cabal theory simplifies complex global events and enables individuals to shift responsibility for world problems to a small group, appealing to 37% of Americans.', "Nazism's origins as a conspiracy theory, where the Jews were blamed for controlling the world, illustrates the historical roots of global cabal theories. Nazism began as a conspiracy theory, blaming the Jews for controlling the world and proposing that eliminating them would solve all global issues.", "The fallacy of global cabal theories is demonstrated through historical examples, such as the American invasion of Iraq, where even powerful entities' plans backfired and resulted in unintended consequences. The fallacy of global cabal theories is evident in historical events like the American invasion of Iraq, where powerful entities' plans backfired and caused unintended consequences, showcasing the inaccuracy of such theories."]}, {'end': 7074.755, 'start': 6620.148, 'title': 'Conspiracy theories and power', 'summary': 'Discusses the fallacy of secret cabals controlling world events, the insignificance of conspiracy theories in global affairs, and the importance of addressing real threats such as ai and climate change, and taking individual action.', 'duration': 454.607, 'highlights': ['The insignificance of conspiracy theories in global affairs The chapter explains that secret cabals do not have the power to control and predict all wars, and that small groups with a lot of power usually need publicity, thus debunking the idea of a secret global cabal.', 'Addressing real threats like AI and climate change The discussion emphasizes the importance of focusing on real threats such as AI and climate change, rather than directing blame towards certain people, and encourages individuals to take action in their areas of activity to make the world a little bit better.', 'The fallacy of certain humans as the source of all evil The chapter contrasts the belief in conspiracy theories, which claim that a certain part of humanity is the source of all evil, with the perspective that the problem lies outside humanity, emphasizing the danger of thinking in terms of exterminating a part of humanity and its historical consequences.']}, {'end': 7438.305, 'start': 7076.155, 'title': "Ai's threat to humanity", 'summary': "Discusses the misconception of evil in society, the existential dangers posed by ai, and the unprecedented power of ai to make decisions and create new ideas, emphasizing the need to seek human allies and the potential loss of control and creativity in the face of ai's increasing power.", 'duration': 362.15, 'highlights': ['The existential dangers posed by AI include the potential loss of control and the increasing power of AI to make decisions and create new ideas.', 'The misconception of evil in society is highlighted, emphasizing the need to seek human allies and work together against existential dangers like AI, bioengineering, and climate change.', 'The unprecedented power of AI to make decisions by itself and create new ideas is emphasized, posing a threat to human control and creativity.']}, {'end': 7912.812, 'start': 7438.305, 'title': "The illusion of reality and ai's impact", 'summary': "Explores the potential impact of living in a world of illusions created by an alien intelligence and the influence of ai on human consciousness and the future of writing, highlighting the danger of ai's control over human ideas and the potential of ai to outperform human writing capabilities.", 'duration': 474.507, 'highlights': ["AI's potential to outperform human writing capabilities is highlighted, as it can produce coherent and convincing texts despite often getting facts wrong. AI's ability to write coherent and convincing texts despite factual inaccuracies, potential for AI to become better than human writers in the future", "The danger of AI's control over human ideas is emphasized, as AI, based on flawed human understanding, could lead to a human catastrophe. Danger of AI's control over human ideas, potential for human catastrophe due to AI's influence based on flawed understanding", 'The impact of living in a world of illusions created by an alien intelligence is discussed, raising concerns about spiritual enslavement and the manipulation of human consciousness by an alien intelligence. Impact of living in a world of illusions created by an alien intelligence, concerns about spiritual enslavement and manipulation of human consciousness']}], 'duration': 1613.435, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw6299377.jpg', 'highlights': ["The fallacy of global cabal theories is demonstrated through historical examples, such as the American invasion of Iraq, where even powerful entities' plans backfired and resulted in unintended consequences.", 'The insignificance of conspiracy theories in global affairs The chapter explains that secret cabals do not have the power to control and predict all wars, and that small groups with a lot of power usually need publicity, thus debunking the idea of a secret global cabal.', 'The existential dangers posed by AI include the potential loss of control and the increasing power of AI to make decisions and create new ideas.', "AI's potential to outperform human writing capabilities is highlighted, as it can produce coherent and convincing texts despite often getting facts wrong."]}, {'end': 8731.806, 'segs': [{'end': 8208.177, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8177.153, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8181.8, 'text': 'So first thing, train the mind to be silent and just observe.', 'start': 8177.153, 'duration': 4.647}, {'end': 8190.853, 'text': 'So two hours every day, and I go every year for a long retreat between one month and two months, 60 days of just silent meditation.', 'start': 8182.481, 'duration': 8.372}, {'end': 8192.974, 'text': 'silent meditation for 60 days.', 'start': 8191.394, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 8195.735, 'text': 'yeah, to train the mind.', 'start': 8192.974, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 8198.174, 'text': 'forget about your own stories.', 'start': 8195.735, 'duration': 2.439}, {'end': 8208.177, 'text': 'just observe what is really happening and then also, on other throughout the day, have an information diet.', 'start': 8198.174, 'duration': 10.003}], 'summary': 'Train the mind with 2 hours daily silent meditation and a 60-day long retreat annually to observe without attachment and have an information diet.', 'duration': 31.024, 'max_score': 8177.153, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8177153.jpg'}, {'end': 8291.788, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8234.606, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8241.888, 'text': "The long format, it's not always feasible, but you can go much, much deeper.", 'start': 8234.606, 'duration': 7.282}, {'end': 8248.45, 'text': 'So I would say an information diet, be very careful about what you feed your mind, give preference.', 'start': 8243.789, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 8253.842, 'text': 'to big chunks over small- To books over Twitter.', 'start': 8249.416, 'duration': 4.426}, {'end': 8255.984, 'text': 'Yes, books over Twitter, definitely.', 'start': 8254.062, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 8265.234, 'text': 'And then when I encounter a problem, a difficult intellectual problem, then I let the problem lead me.', 'start': 8256.945, 'duration': 8.289}, {'end': 8273.165, 'text': 'where it goes and not where I want it to go.', 'start': 8269.464, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 8283.866, 'text': 'If I approach a problem with some preconceived idea or solution and then try to impose it on the problem and just find confirmation bias,', 'start': 8274.125, 'duration': 9.741}, {'end': 8287.367, 'text': 'just find the evidence that supports my view.', 'start': 8283.866, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 8291.788, 'text': "this is easy for the mind to do and you don't learn anything new.", 'start': 8287.367, 'duration': 4.421}], 'summary': 'Emphasize an information diet with preference for books over twitter, and let problems lead to new perspectives.', 'duration': 57.182, 'max_score': 8234.606, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8234606.jpg'}, {'end': 8399.91, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8370.584, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8372.384, 'text': "But you're still brave enough to press delete.", 'start': 8370.584, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 8375.105, 'text': 'I try and hopefully I do it enough times.', 'start': 8372.464, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 8380.046, 'text': 'And this is important because in the long term, it enables me to play with ideas.', 'start': 8375.684, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 8384.107, 'text': 'I have the confidence to start formulating.', 'start': 8380.646, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 8388.926, 'text': 'some brave idea, most of them turn out to be nonsense.', 'start': 8385.023, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 8399.91, 'text': 'But I trust myself not to be attached, not to become attached to my own nonsense, so it gives me this room for playfulness.', 'start': 8390.366, 'duration': 9.544}], 'summary': 'Repeatedly pressing delete builds confidence to play with ideas and not become attached to nonsense, fostering playfulness.', 'duration': 29.326, 'max_score': 8370.584, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8370584.jpg'}, {'end': 8475.786, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8447.485, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8452.329, 'text': "yeah, this is what comes up, so it's very intense and difficult.", 'start': 8447.485, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 8457.774, 'text': "if you go to a meditation retreat, don't think you're going to relax.", 'start': 8452.329, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 8464.68, 'text': "so what is what's the experience of a meditation retreat when everything you don't like comes up for for 30 days?", 'start': 8457.774, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 8466.541, 'text': 'it depends what comes up.', 'start': 8464.68, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 8467.422, 'text': 'anger comes up.', 'start': 8466.541, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 8468.002, 'text': "you're angry.", 'start': 8467.422, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 8471.565, 'text': "yeah, for days on end you're just boiling with anger.", 'start': 8468.002, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 8475.786, 'text': 'everything makes you angry Again, something that happens right now.', 'start': 8471.565, 'duration': 4.221}], 'summary': 'Meditation retreats can be intense, causing prolonged anger for days.', 'duration': 28.301, 'max_score': 8447.485, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8447485.jpg'}, {'end': 8731.806, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8705.95, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8711.114, 'text': 'We have no ideas, no idea what skills will still be needed.', 'start': 8705.95, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 8719.537, 'text': "You think you're going to learn how to code because they'll need a lot of coders in the 2030s? Think again.", 'start': 8712.372, 'duration': 7.165}, {'end': 8721.458, 'text': 'Maybe AI is doing all the coding.', 'start': 8719.817, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 8722.459, 'text': "You don't need any coders.", 'start': 8721.478, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 8728.483, 'text': "You're going to, I don't know, you learn to translate languages, you want to be a translator, gone.", 'start': 8723.72, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 8731.806, 'text': "We don't know what skills will be needed.", 'start': 8729.344, 'duration': 2.462}], 'summary': 'Future skills uncertain, coding may not be in demand. ai could replace coders. translation skills also uncertain.', 'duration': 25.856, 'max_score': 8705.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8705950.jpg'}], 'start': 7912.872, 'title': 'The power of silent meditation', 'summary': "Emphasizes the author's two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation, promoting an information diet favoring deep, long-form content and advocating for a problem-led approach to thinking. it also discusses the challenges of meditation, including dealing with anger and boredom, and emphasizes the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8399.91, 'start': 7912.872, 'title': 'The power of silence and meditation', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of silent meditation in understanding oneself and the world, with the author spending two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation to train the mind for introspection and to avoid being consumed by the stories created by the mind, promoting an information diet that favors deep, long-form content over shallow, short-form content, and advocating for a problem-led approach to thinking rather than imposing preconceived ideas.', 'duration': 487.038, 'highlights': ['The author spends two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation to train the mind for introspection, avoiding being consumed by the stories created by the mind.', 'The author promotes an information diet that favors deep, long-form content over shallow, short-form content, preferring books over Twitter and advocating for careful consideration of what enters the mind.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of silent meditation in understanding oneself and the world, with the author spending two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation to train the mind for introspection.', 'The author advocates for a problem-led approach to thinking rather than imposing preconceived ideas, allowing the problem to lead the way and avoiding confirmation bias.', "The author emphasizes the need to trust oneself to press the delete button when formulating ideas, enabling room for playfulness and avoiding attachment to one's own nonsense."]}, {'end': 8731.806, 'start': 8400.818, 'title': 'Meditation journey and future advice', 'summary': 'Discusses the intense and difficult journey of meditation, highlighting the challenges of dealing with anger, boredom, and the importance of learning to deal with boredom for inner peace. it also emphasizes the uncertainty of future skills and the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market.', 'duration': 330.988, 'highlights': ['The journey of meditation is intense and difficult, involving challenges such as dealing with anger and boredom. Meditation is not recreational or relaxing, and it involves intense experiences of anger and boredom that are difficult to handle.', 'Learning to deal with boredom is crucial for inner peace and enjoying peace and quiet. The way to peace passes through boredom, and it is essential to learn how to deal with boredom to ultimately enjoy peace and quiet.', 'The uncertainty of future skills and the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market is emphasized. The transcript emphasizes the unpredictability of future skills and the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market, highlighting the uncertainty of what skills will be needed in the future.']}], 'duration': 818.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw7912872.jpg', 'highlights': ['The author spends two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation to train the mind for introspection, avoiding being consumed by the stories created by the mind.', 'The author promotes an information diet that favors deep, long-form content over shallow, short-form content, preferring books over Twitter and advocating for careful consideration of what enters the mind.', 'The author advocates for a problem-led approach to thinking rather than imposing preconceived ideas, allowing the problem to lead the way and avoiding confirmation bias.', "The author emphasizes the need to trust oneself to press the delete button when formulating ideas, enabling room for playfulness and avoiding attachment to one's own nonsense.", 'The journey of meditation is intense and difficult, involving challenges such as dealing with anger and boredom. Meditation is not recreational or relaxing, and it involves intense experiences of anger and boredom that are difficult to handle.', 'The uncertainty of future skills and the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market is emphasized. The transcript emphasizes the unpredictability of future skills and the need to adapt to unpredictable changes in the job market, highlighting the uncertainty of what skills will be needed in the future.']}, {'end': 9878.35, 'segs': [{'end': 8827.416, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8732.864, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8740.346, 'text': 'So the most important skill is the skill to keep learning and keep changing throughout our lives, which is very,', 'start': 8732.864, 'duration': 7.482}, {'end': 8743.687, 'text': 'very difficult to keep reinventing ourselves.', 'start': 8740.346, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 8758.37, 'text': "It's a deep, again, it's in, in a way, a spiritual practice to build your personality, to build your mind, a, a, a very, as a very flexible mind.", 'start': 8745.067, 'duration': 13.303}, {'end': 8772.31, 'text': 'If traditionally people thought about education like building a stone house with very deep foundations,', 'start': 8759.682, 'duration': 12.628}, {'end': 8779.775, 'text': "now it's more like setting up a tent that you can fold and move to the next place very, very quickly, because that's the 21st century.", 'start': 8772.31, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 8787.93, 'text': 'Which also raises questions about the future of education, what that looks like.', 'start': 8781.946, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 8792.792, 'text': 'Let me ask you about love.', 'start': 8789.15, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 8796.054, 'text': 'What were some of the challenges??', 'start': 8793.893, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 8801.658, 'text': 'What were some of the lessons about love, about life, that you learned from coming out as gay?', 'start': 8796.094, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 8805.56, 'text': 'In many ways it goes back to the stories.', 'start': 8803.459, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 8814.011, 'text': 'I think this is one of the One of the reasons I became so interested in stories and in their power was.', 'start': 8805.6, 'duration': 8.411}, {'end': 8822.294, 'text': 'I grew up in a small Israeli town in the 1980s, early 1990s, which was very homophobic.', 'start': 8814.011, 'duration': 8.283}, {'end': 8827.416, 'text': 'And I basically embraced it.', 'start': 8824.975, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'Adaptability is crucial for learning, shaping a flexible mind in the 21st century.', 'duration': 94.552, 'max_score': 8732.864, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8732864.jpg'}, {'end': 8940.133, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8911.853, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8915.175, 'text': "Took me a long time to realize, you know, you're just gay.", 'start': 8911.853, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 8921.114, 'text': 'So that speaks to the power of social convention versus individual thought.', 'start': 8916.65, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 8923.116, 'text': 'This is the power of self-delusion.', 'start': 8921.134, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 8927.521, 'text': "That, you know, it's not that I knew I was gay and was hiding it.", 'start': 8923.957, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 8930.644, 'text': 'I was hiding it for myself successfully.', 'start': 8928.081, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 8933.547, 'text': "That I don't understand how it is possible.", 'start': 8931.385, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 8935.489, 'text': "Looking back, I don't understand how it is possible.", 'start': 8933.567, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 8937.15, 'text': 'But I know it is possible.', 'start': 8935.909, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 8940.133, 'text': "I knew and didn't know at the same time.", 'start': 8937.791, 'duration': 2.342}], 'summary': 'Struggled with self-awareness, realizing and hiding being gay, highlighting the power of self-delusion and social convention.', 'duration': 28.28, 'max_score': 8911.853, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8911853.jpg'}, {'end': 9181.203, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9153.816, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 9163.2, 'text': 'In the end, we met on one of the first dating sites on the internet for gay people in Israel in 2002.', 'start': 9153.816, 'duration': 9.384}, {'end': 9165.061, 'text': "You're saying the internet works for love.", 'start': 9163.2, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 9169.004, 'text': 'Yes I said a lot of bad things or dangers about technology and the internet.', 'start': 9165.081, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 9170.645, 'text': 'There are also, of course, good things.', 'start': 9169.024, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 9172.286, 'text': 'And this is not an accident.', 'start': 9170.985, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 9175.448, 'text': 'You have two kinds of minorities in history.', 'start': 9173.206, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 9181.203, 'text': 'you have minorities which are a cohesive group, like Jews.', 'start': 9176.459, 'duration': 4.744}], 'summary': "Met on first gay dating site in israel in 2002, discussing internet's role in love and technology's pros and cons.", 'duration': 27.387, 'max_score': 9153.816, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw9153816.jpg'}, {'end': 9440.645, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9412.544, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9420.51, 'text': 'I mean, all our fears come out of the fear of death, but the fear of death is just so deep and difficult.', 'start': 9412.544, 'duration': 7.966}, {'end': 9422.751, 'text': "Usually we can't face it directly.", 'start': 9421.17, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 9426.994, 'text': 'So we cut it into little pieces and we face just little pieces.', 'start': 9423.172, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 9428.676, 'text': 'Oh, I lost my smartphone.', 'start': 9427.395, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 9434.22, 'text': "That's a little, little, little piece of the fear of death, which is of losing everything.", 'start': 9429.076, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 9440.645, 'text': "So I can't deal with losing everything I'm dealing now with losing my phone or losing a book or whatever.", 'start': 9434.54, 'duration': 6.105}], 'summary': 'Fear of death is deeply difficult; we cope by facing smaller fears, like losing possessions.', 'duration': 28.101, 'max_score': 9412.544, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw9412544.jpg'}, {'end': 9707.983, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9681.411, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9687.954, 'text': 'Life is feeling things, having sensations, emotions and reacting to them.', 'start': 9681.411, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 9692.816, 'text': 'When you feel something good, something pleasant, you want more out of it.', 'start': 9688.574, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 9693.837, 'text': 'You want more of it.', 'start': 9693.076, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 9697.478, 'text': 'When you feel something unpleasant, you want to get rid of it.', 'start': 9694.357, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 9698.819, 'text': "That's the whole of life.", 'start': 9697.838, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 9700.62, 'text': "That's what is happening all the time.", 'start': 9698.859, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 9707.983, 'text': 'You feel things, you want the pleasant things to increase, you want the unpleasant things to disappear.', 'start': 9700.98, 'duration': 7.003}], 'summary': 'Life is about feeling and reacting to sensations and emotions, seeking more of the pleasant and less of the unpleasant.', 'duration': 26.572, 'max_score': 9681.411, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw9681411.jpg'}], 'start': 8732.864, 'title': "Learning, adapting, and life's meaning", 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and adaptation in the 21st century, discusses the author's journey of coming out as gay, and delves into the fear of death and the meaning of life, raising questions about the future of education, highlighting the power of social conventions and self-delusion, and emphasizing the importance of finding meaning in suffering.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8796.054, 'start': 8732.864, 'title': 'The importance of learning and adapting', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of continuously learning and adapting in the 21st century, comparing it to building a flexible mind like setting up a tent instead of a stone house, and raises questions about the future of education.', 'duration': 63.19, 'highlights': ['The importance of continuously learning and changing throughout our lives is emphasized as a crucial skill in the 21st century, akin to a spiritual practice of building a flexible mind.', 'Education in the 21st century is likened to setting up a tent that can be folded and moved quickly, highlighting the need for adaptability and flexibility in learning.', 'The discussion raises questions about the future of education and what it will look like in the 21st century.']}, {'end': 9323.213, 'start': 8796.094, 'title': 'Lessons from coming out as gay', 'summary': "Discusses the author's journey of coming out as gay, highlighting the power of social conventions, self-delusion, and the impact of stories on shaping perceptions, and the role of technology and community in the lgbtq+ experience.", 'duration': 527.119, 'highlights': ["The author discusses the power of social conventions and the impact of stories on shaping perceptions, emphasizing the struggle of coming to terms with being gay in a homophobic environment. Emphasizes the impact of social conventions and stories on shaping perceptions about being gay, reflects on the struggle of coming to terms with one's sexuality in a homophobic environment.", "The author reflects on the power of self-delusion and denial, highlighting the internal struggle and the capacity of the human mind to hide one's true identity, taking years to come to terms with being gay. Reflects on the power of self-delusion and denial, emphasizes the internal struggle and the time taken to come to terms with being gay.", 'The author discusses the role of technology and the internet in helping LGBTQ+ individuals find each other and form a community, emphasizing the positive impact of technology in connecting diffuse minorities. Emphasizes the role of technology and the internet in connecting LGBTQ+ individuals, highlights the positive impact of technology in forming a community for diffuse minorities.']}, {'end': 9878.35, 'start': 9323.833, 'title': 'Fear of death and the meaning of life', 'summary': 'Delves into the fear of death, its impact on human behavior, and the meaning of life, emphasizing the importance of finding meaning in suffering and the non-linear nature of life.', 'duration': 554.517, 'highlights': ['The fear of death is a deep and difficult emotion that often manifests as other fears, such as the fear of losing possessions or experiencing pain. The fear of death is described as the root of all fears, influencing behaviors and emotions, with smaller fears being a manifestation of the larger existential fear.', 'The speaker reflects on the national ideology in Israel, which is driven by the fear of death, leading to a contemplation of the meaning of being remembered after death. The national ideology in Israel is tied to the fear of death, prompting a reflection on the significance of being remembered after death and the realization that death means the end of consciousness.', 'Life is defined as the experience of feeling and reacting to sensations and emotions, with the meaning of life being a non-verbal understanding of suffering and its causes. The meaning of life is presented as the experience of feeling and reacting to sensations, emphasizing the importance of understanding suffering and its causes in a non-verbal manner.']}], 'duration': 1145.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Mde2q7GFCrw/pics/Mde2q7GFCrw8732864.jpg', 'highlights': ['The fear of death is described as the root of all fears, influencing behaviors and emotions, with smaller fears being a manifestation of the larger existential fear.', 'The importance of continuously learning and changing throughout our lives is emphasized as a crucial skill in the 21st century, akin to a spiritual practice of building a flexible mind.', 'The discussion raises questions about the future of education and what it will look like in the 21st century.', 'The author discusses the power of social conventions and the impact of stories on shaping perceptions, emphasizing the struggle of coming to terms with being gay in a homophobic environment.', 'Life is defined as the experience of feeling and reacting to sensations and emotions, with the meaning of life being a non-verbal understanding of suffering and its causes.', "The author reflects on the power of self-delusion and denial, highlighting the internal struggle and the capacity of the human mind to hide one's true identity, taking years to come to terms with being gay.", 'The author discusses the role of technology and the internet in helping LGBTQ+ individuals find each other and form a community, emphasizing the positive impact of technology in connecting diffuse minorities.']}], 'highlights': ['The potential spiritual enslavement of humanity is discussed in the context of a world of illusions created by an unknown alien intelligence that understands how to manipulate humans.', 'Yuval Noah Harari is a highly acclaimed historian, philosopher, and author of influential books like Sapiens, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century.', 'Consciousness is deemed more valuable than intelligence due to its intrinsic connection with feelings and emotions, highlighting the potential self-destructive nature of intelligence.', 'The success of Homo sapiens is attributed to collective cooperation and the ability to cooperate flexibly in unlimited numbers, leading to the formation of large networks for political, commercial, and religious activities.', 'Stories are tools that can alleviate suffering when used appropriately, but often they are allowed to use us, leading to wars and suffering inflicted on millions of people.', 'The success of Christianity and the communist takeover of Russia illustrate the unpredictable nature of historical events.', 'The unchecked power of the Netanyahu government could lead to the end of Israeli democracy and have far-reaching consequences, including destabilizing the Middle East and impacting global security.', 'The transformation of the conflict into a religious war poses a significant obstacle to reaching a compromise and achieving peace.', "The fallacy of global cabal theories is demonstrated through historical examples, such as the American invasion of Iraq, where even powerful entities' plans backfired and resulted in unintended consequences.", 'The author spends two hours daily and 60 days annually in silent meditation to train the mind for introspection, avoiding being consumed by the stories created by the mind.', 'The fear of death is described as the root of all fears, influencing behaviors and emotions, with smaller fears being a manifestation of the larger existential fear.', 'The importance of continuously learning and changing throughout our lives is emphasized as a crucial skill in the 21st century, akin to a spiritual practice of building a flexible mind.']}