title
C Programming Interview Questions and Answers | C Interview Preparation | C Tutorial | Edureka

description
🔥 Edureka C Programming Course (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎"): https://www.edureka.co/c-programming-course 🔥 Edureka Computer Science Bootcamp Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/computer-science-bootcamp-program This Edureka video on C Programming Interview Questions (blog: https://www.edureka.co/blog/interview-questions/c-programming-interview-questions/ ) will help you to revise yourself for C basics. It covers all the topics for all the three categories: Learners Beginner Intermediate Experienced professionals Subscribe to our channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV Join Edureka’s Meetup community and never miss any event – YouTube Live, Webinars, Workshops etc. https://bit.ly/2EfTXS1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/edurekaIN -------------------------- Got a question on the topic? Please share it in the comment section below and our experts will answer it for you. For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: +91-9606058406 / US: 1833-855-5775 (toll-free).

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{'title': 'C Programming Interview Questions and Answers | C Interview Preparation | C Tutorial | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 169.771, 'start': 137.814, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 445.807, 'start': 388.357, 'weight': 0.847}, {'end': 618.44, 'start': 553.55, 'weight': 0.98}, {'end': 891.961, 'start': 835.154, 'weight': 0.88}, {'end': 1174.868, 'start': 1139.426, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 1365.556, 'start': 1332.259, 'weight': 0.763}, {'end': 1782.332, 'start': 1750.457, 'weight': 0.723}, {'end': 2149.621, 'start': 2112.998, 'weight': 0.703}], 'summary': 'Tutorial covers c programming interview questions in 2019, including variable scope, data types, memory management, call by value/reference, array manipulation, and sorting algorithms, for comprehensive c interview preparation and includes practical examples and detailed explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 440.603, 'segs': [{'end': 100.826, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 74.616, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 83.481, 'text': 'So the four categories of data types in C language are basic data types derived data types enumeration data types and lastly the void data type.', 'start': 74.616, 'duration': 8.865}, {'end': 85.658, 'text': 'So the basic data types?', 'start': 83.957, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 86.879, 'text': 'what are the basic data types?', 'start': 85.658, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 91.521, 'text': 'So the basic data type supported in C language are short unsigned.', 'start': 87.239, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 93.002, 'text': 'short character.', 'start': 91.521, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 95.363, 'text': 'unsigned character integer.', 'start': 93.002, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 96.803, 'text': 'unsigned integer.', 'start': 95.363, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 100.826, 'text': 'long unsigned long float double and long double.', 'start': 96.803, 'duration': 4.023}], 'summary': 'C language has four data types: basic, derived, enumeration, and void. basic data types include short, unsigned, character, integer, and float among others.', 'duration': 26.21, 'max_score': 74.616, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U74616.jpg'}, {'end': 169.771, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 122.601, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 130.448, 'text': 'So the largest among the basic data types is none other than the long double, with the data type size of 10 bytes and the range up to 3.4.', 'start': 122.601, 'duration': 7.847}, {'end': 135.172, 'text': 'rise to the power minus 4, 9, 3, 2, 2, 1 point 1.', 'start': 130.448, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 137.814, 'text': 'rise to the power 4, 9, 3, 2.', 'start': 135.172, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 143.199, 'text': 'now with this, let us move on to our next question, which is what do you mean by a pointer variable?', 'start': 137.814, 'duration': 5.385}, {'end': 154.146, 'text': 'Now, the answer for this question is now pointer variable is a variable which is declare to store the address of the actual variable declared in C programming might be little complicated.', 'start': 143.803, 'duration': 10.343}, {'end': 160.828, 'text': "Let me explain this through an example assume that you have declared a variable X and you're storing the value 10 in it.", 'start': 154.526, 'duration': 6.302}, {'end': 169.771, 'text': 'So any variable that you use in C programming has three entities, which are the data which you assign to it and the name which you provide to it,', 'start': 161.248, 'duration': 8.523}], 'summary': 'Long double is the largest basic data type, with a size of 10 bytes and a range up to 3.4e-4932 to 1.1e4932. pointer variable stores the address of the actual variable in c programming.', 'duration': 38.227, 'max_score': 122.601, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U122601.jpg'}, {'end': 248.024, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 218.645, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 221.107, 'text': 'So this is how a pointer variable works with this.', 'start': 218.645, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 225.47, 'text': 'Let us move on to our next question, which is what do you mean by the scope of the variable?', 'start': 221.347, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 236.237, 'text': 'The answer for this question is as follows scope of the variable can be defined as a part of the code area where the variables declared in the program can be accessed directly in see.', 'start': 226.351, 'duration': 9.886}, {'end': 238.939, 'text': 'all identifiers are lexically or statically scope.', 'start': 236.237, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 242.664, 'text': 'Now to understand this let us consider a simple example.', 'start': 239.537, 'duration': 3.127}, {'end': 248.024, 'text': 'So this particular example is based on finding a square of a particular number.', 'start': 243.402, 'duration': 4.622}], 'summary': 'Understanding pointer variables and variable scope, with an example of finding a square.', 'duration': 29.379, 'max_score': 218.645, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U218645.jpg'}, {'end': 303.588, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 280.704, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 289.336, 'text': 'So here the scope of the variable P is inside the function square and similarly the scope of the variables M and N are only confined to the main function.', 'start': 280.704, 'duration': 8.632}, {'end': 296.462, 'text': 'If you declare a variable outside the main function, then that particular variable can be considered as a global variable,', 'start': 289.936, 'duration': 6.526}, {'end': 299.384, 'text': 'and the scope of the global variable is throughout the program.', 'start': 296.462, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 303.588, 'text': 'That is you can access that particular variable from anywhere in the program.', 'start': 299.444, 'duration': 4.144}], 'summary': 'Variables have different scopes: local to functions or global to program.', 'duration': 22.884, 'max_score': 280.704, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U280704.jpg'}, {'end': 345.585, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 322.459, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 330.121, 'text': 'now? the answer for this question is static variables and static functions are almost the same variables and functions that we use in C programming,', 'start': 322.459, 'duration': 7.662}, {'end': 337.943, 'text': 'but the only difference is that you declare them along with the keyword called static in front of the name of the variable or name of the function.', 'start': 330.121, 'duration': 7.822}, {'end': 345.585, 'text': 'As you can see, in this particular example, we are declaring the integer type variable X and we are storing the value 10 inside it.', 'start': 338.503, 'duration': 7.082}], 'summary': 'Static variables and functions in c programming are declared using the keyword static.', 'duration': 23.126, 'max_score': 322.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U322459.jpg'}, {'end': 428.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 396.266, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 401.931, 'text': 'Now the answer for this question is Kellogg and malloc are both dynamic memory allocation functions.', 'start': 396.266, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 407.456, 'text': 'We have two more dynamic allocation functions which are real log and free.', 'start': 402.411, 'duration': 5.045}, {'end': 416.083, 'text': 'Kellogg malloc, real lock, are used to allocate memory, while free is used to free or deallocate the memory which has been used by Kellogg and malloc.', 'start': 407.456, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 419.446, 'text': 'Now, what is the difference between catalog and malloc?', 'start': 416.643, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 428.213, 'text': 'Now, the major difference between catalog and malloc are if you declare the memory using the malloc function, then the memory will be allocated,', 'start': 419.926, 'duration': 8.287}], 'summary': 'Kellogg and malloc are dynamic memory allocation functions, with free used for deallocation.', 'duration': 31.947, 'max_score': 396.266, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U396266.jpg'}], 'start': 11.414, 'title': 'C programming and variable scope', 'summary': 'Covers frequently asked c programming interview questions in 2019, including basic data types, pointer variables, and variable scope. it also discusses the scope of variables in c, emphasizing the use of static variables and functions and comparing kellogg and malloc functions for dynamic memory allocation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 238.939, 'start': 11.414, 'title': 'C programming interview questions', 'summary': 'Discusses frequently asked c programming interview questions in 2019, covering basic data types, pointer variables, and variable scope in c programming.', 'duration': 227.525, 'highlights': ['The largest among the basic data types is the long double, with a data type size of 10 bytes and a range up to 3.4E+4932. The long double is the largest basic data type in C, with a size of 10 bytes and a range up to 3.4E+4932.', 'The basic data types supported in C language are short, unsigned short, char, unsigned char, int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, float, double, and long double. C language supports basic data types such as short, unsigned short, char, unsigned char, int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, float, double, and long double.', 'A pointer variable is a variable declared to store the address of the actual variable in C programming, enabling it to point to the data stored in the variable. A pointer variable in C is declared to store the address of a variable, allowing it to point to the data stored in the variable.', 'The scope of a variable in C programming can be defined as the part of the code area where the variables declared in the program can be accessed directly. The scope of a variable in C programming refers to the part of the code where the declared variables can be accessed directly.']}, {'end': 440.603, 'start': 239.537, 'title': 'Scope and static variables in c', 'summary': 'Discusses the scope of variables in c, highlighting the use of static variables and functions along with the differences between kellogg and malloc functions for dynamic memory allocation.', 'duration': 201.066, 'highlights': ["Static variables and functions are declared using the keyword 'static' in C programming. The chapter explains that static variables and functions are declared using the keyword 'static' in C programming, and provides examples to illustrate their usage.", 'Scope of variables in C is defined based on their declaration within or outside functions, affecting their accessibility. The chapter describes how the scope of variables in C is determined by their declaration within or outside functions, influencing their accessibility within the program.', 'Kellogg and malloc are dynamic memory allocation functions in C, with the difference lying in the initial values stored in the allocated memory. The chapter contrasts Kellogg and malloc as dynamic memory allocation functions in C, highlighting that malloc allocates memory with junk values, while Kellogg allocates memory with a default value of zero.']}], 'duration': 429.189, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U11414.jpg', 'highlights': ['The largest basic data type in C is long double, with a size of 10 bytes and a range up to 3.4E+4932.', 'C language supports basic data types such as short, unsigned short, char, unsigned char, int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, float, double, and long double.', 'A pointer variable in C is declared to store the address of a variable, allowing it to point to the data stored in the variable.', 'The scope of a variable in C programming refers to the part of the code where the declared variables can be accessed directly.', "Static variables and functions in C are declared using the keyword 'static', influencing their accessibility within the program.", 'The scope of variables in C is determined by their declaration within or outside functions, affecting their accessibility.', 'Kellogg and malloc are dynamic memory allocation functions in C, with malloc allocating memory with junk values, while Kellogg allocates memory with a default value of zero.']}, {'end': 703.331, 'segs': [{'end': 481.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 455.898, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 464.222, 'text': 'Now? the answer for this question is break control statement is valid to be used inside a loop and switch control statement to understand this in a better way.', 'start': 455.898, 'duration': 8.324}, {'end': 467.103, 'text': 'Let us execute a practical example of switch case.', 'start': 464.562, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 472.974, 'text': 'So this particular example is based on switch case and here we are using break control statement.', 'start': 467.99, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 476.197, 'text': 'Now, let us execute this program and see how does it work.', 'start': 473.514, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 481.661, 'text': 'As you can see the program got successfully compiled and now it is asking me for an operator.', 'start': 477.538, 'duration': 4.123}], 'summary': 'Break control statement used in switch case example.', 'duration': 25.763, 'max_score': 455.898, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U455898.jpg'}, {'end': 619.961, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 539.863, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 542.904, 'text': 'So this is how the break control statement works now with this.', 'start': 539.863, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 544.605, 'text': 'Let us move on to the next question.', 'start': 543.165, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 550.289, 'text': 'The next question is how can a negative integer be stored? To store a negative integer.', 'start': 545.406, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 553.23, 'text': 'We need to follow the ones complement method here.', 'start': 550.549, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 557.072, 'text': 'We are trying to store the negative integer, which is minus 5.', 'start': 553.55, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 564.255, 'text': 'The first thing you need to do is find out the complement of 5, which happens to be 1, 0, 5, 0, and, followed by that,', 'start': 557.072, 'duration': 7.183}, {'end': 572.619, 'text': 'the next step you need to do is add 1 to the 5 complement, which will result in 1, 0, 1, 1, which is none other than minus 5, followed by this.', 'start': 564.255, 'duration': 8.364}, {'end': 577.749, 'text': 'the next question is differentiate between actual and formal parameters.', 'start': 572.619, 'duration': 5.13}, {'end': 585.816, 'text': 'the answer for this question can be described as the parameters which are sent from the main function to the subdivided function are the actual parameters,', 'start': 577.749, 'duration': 8.067}, {'end': 592.001, 'text': 'and the parameters which are declared inside the subdivided function are called as a formal parameters, followed by this.', 'start': 585.816, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 595.704, 'text': 'the next question is can I compile a C program without mean?', 'start': 592.001, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 604.955, 'text': 'This question is a little bit interesting, but the answer is simple the program can be compiled, but it cannot be executed, followed by this.', 'start': 596.411, 'duration': 8.544}, {'end': 608.196, 'text': 'The next question is what is a nested structure??', 'start': 605.095, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 615.559, 'text': 'The answer for this question can be described as when a data member of one structure is referred by the data member of another function,', 'start': 608.816, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 618.44, 'text': 'then the structure can be called as a nested structure.', 'start': 615.559, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 619.961, 'text': 'to understand this in a much better way,', 'start': 618.44, 'duration': 1.521}], 'summary': 'Explanation of break control, storing negative integers, actual vs. formal parameters, compiling c program without main, and nested structures.', 'duration': 80.098, 'max_score': 539.863, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U539863.jpg'}, {'end': 637.121, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 577.749, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 585.816, 'text': 'the answer for this question can be described as the parameters which are sent from the main function to the subdivided function are the actual parameters,', 'start': 577.749, 'duration': 8.067}, {'end': 592.001, 'text': 'and the parameters which are declared inside the subdivided function are called as a formal parameters, followed by this.', 'start': 585.816, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 595.704, 'text': 'the next question is can I compile a C program without mean?', 'start': 592.001, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 604.955, 'text': 'This question is a little bit interesting, but the answer is simple the program can be compiled, but it cannot be executed, followed by this.', 'start': 596.411, 'duration': 8.544}, {'end': 608.196, 'text': 'The next question is what is a nested structure??', 'start': 605.095, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 615.559, 'text': 'The answer for this question can be described as when a data member of one structure is referred by the data member of another function,', 'start': 608.816, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 618.44, 'text': 'then the structure can be called as a nested structure.', 'start': 615.559, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 619.961, 'text': 'to understand this in a much better way,', 'start': 618.44, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 621.822, 'text': 'Let us execute a simple example.', 'start': 620.241, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 627.216, 'text': 'As you can see this particular example is based on nested structures.', 'start': 623.414, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 635.76, 'text': 'You can find the first structure as address, which consists the city name, pin code of that particular City and the phone number of an employee,', 'start': 627.576, 'duration': 8.184}, {'end': 637.121, 'text': 'followed by the address structure.', 'start': 635.76, 'duration': 1.361}], 'summary': 'Describes parameters, compiling c program without main, nested structures explained', 'duration': 59.372, 'max_score': 577.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U577749.jpg'}], 'start': 440.803, 'title': 'C programming concepts', 'summary': 'Discusses the application of break control statement inside a loop and switch statement, exemplified through a practical example of switch case usage, and the method for storing a negative integer using the ones complement method. it also covers the concepts of parameters, compilation, nested structures, and c tokens in c programming, explaining the definitions and illustrating with a nested structure example.', 'chapters': [{'end': 577.749, 'start': 440.803, 'title': 'Break control statement and negative integer storage', 'summary': 'Discusses the application of break control statement inside a loop and switch statement, exemplified through a practical example of switch case usage, and the method for storing a negative integer using the ones complement method.', 'duration': 136.946, 'highlights': ['The break control statement is valid to be used inside a loop and switch control statement. It conveys the compiler to break the execution of that particular statement at that particular point.', 'Practical example of switch case usage Executing a program demonstrating the usage of break control statement within a switch case.', 'Method for storing a negative integer using the ones complement method Find the complement of the integer and add 1 to the complement to store a negative integer.']}, {'end': 703.331, 'start': 577.749, 'title': 'C programming: parameters, compilation, nested structures, and c tokens', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of parameters, compilation, nested structures, and c tokens in c programming, explaining the definitions and illustrating with a nested structure example.', 'duration': 125.582, 'highlights': ['The parameters sent from the main function to the subdivided function are the actual parameters, and the parameters declared inside the subdivided function are called formal parameters. This distinction between actual and formal parameters is crucial in understanding function calls in C programming.', 'A program can be compiled without error, but it cannot be executed if it does not contain a main function. This emphasizes the necessity of having a main function for a C program to be executable.', 'A nested structure in C is described as when a data member of one structure is referred to by the data member of another structure. The explanation provides a clear understanding of what constitutes a nested structure in C programming.', "The chapter includes an example demonstrating nested structures using the 'address' and 'employee' structures, showcasing the interaction between the two structures. This practical example reinforces the concept of nested structures through a real-world scenario."]}], 'duration': 262.528, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U440803.jpg', 'highlights': ['Practical example of switch case usage Executing a program demonstrating the usage of break control statement within a switch case.', "The chapter includes an example demonstrating nested structures using the 'address' and 'employee' structures, showcasing the interaction between the two structures. This practical example reinforces the concept of nested structures through a real-world scenario.", 'The break control statement is valid to be used inside a loop and switch control statement. It conveys the compiler to break the execution of that particular statement at that particular point.', 'The parameters sent from the main function to the subdivided function are the actual parameters, and the parameters declared inside the subdivided function are called formal parameters. This distinction between actual and formal parameters is crucial in understanding function calls in C programming.', 'Method for storing a negative integer using the ones complement method Find the complement of the integer and add 1 to the complement to store a negative integer.', 'A program can be compiled without error, but it cannot be executed if it does not contain a main function. This emphasizes the necessity of having a main function for a C program to be executable.', 'A nested structure in C is described as when a data member of one structure is referred to by the data member of another structure. The explanation provides a clear understanding of what constitutes a nested structure in C programming.']}, {'end': 1486.591, 'segs': [{'end': 726.309, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 703.331, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 710.957, 'text': 'the keywords, constants, special symbols, strings, operators, identifiers that we use in our C program are referred as C tokens.', 'start': 703.331, 'duration': 7.626}, {'end': 715.941, 'text': 'We shall see a diagram to understand what are the C tokens we use in C programming language.', 'start': 711.437, 'duration': 4.504}, {'end': 724.527, 'text': 'So these are the C tokens which we regularly use in a C programming language, which are keywords, constants, special symbols, strings,', 'start': 716.681, 'duration': 7.846}, {'end': 726.309, 'text': 'operators and identifiers.', 'start': 724.527, 'duration': 1.782}], 'summary': 'C tokens include keywords, constants, special symbols, strings, operators, and identifiers.', 'duration': 22.978, 'max_score': 703.331, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U703331.jpg'}, {'end': 772.046, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 749.434, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 757.478, 'text': 'So stdio.h is a preprocessor directive which directs the compiler for standard input and output operations.', 'start': 749.434, 'duration': 8.044}, {'end': 763.682, 'text': 'So before you compile your program hash include stdio.h is the first line which gets compiled.', 'start': 757.939, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 772.046, 'text': 'So with this line compiled the computer understands that it must activate the input and output units in order to process this particular program.', 'start': 764.222, 'duration': 7.824}], 'summary': 'Stdio.h directs compiler for input/output operations in c programs.', 'duration': 22.612, 'max_score': 749.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U749434.jpg'}, {'end': 891.961, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 835.154, 'weight': 0.88, 'content': [{'end': 837.176, 'text': 'It provides pointers next.', 'start': 835.154, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 846.182, 'text': 'It is faster compared to its predecessors and, finally, its Western class memory management functions like catalog, my log, real log and free.', 'start': 837.316, 'duration': 8.866}, {'end': 850.626, 'text': 'the next question is What is the use of printf and scanf?', 'start': 846.182, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 856.131, 'text': 'the answer for this question is printf is used to print the values on the screen and, on the other hand,', 'start': 850.626, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 861.615, 'text': 'scanf is used to scan the values which are inputted by the user, followed by this.', 'start': 856.131, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 864.637, 'text': 'the next question is what is an array?', 'start': 861.615, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 871.723, 'text': 'the answer for this question is array is a data structure which stores the similar kind of elements into it in a sequential order.', 'start': 864.637, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 874.549, 'text': 'There are mainly three types of arrays.', 'start': 872.347, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 877.611, 'text': 'Firstly one-dimensional array followed by that.', 'start': 875.029, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 880.953, 'text': 'We have the two-dimensional array and the three-dimensional array.', 'start': 877.651, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 885.096, 'text': 'Let us execute these examples to understand arrays in a much better way.', 'start': 881.333, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 891.961, 'text': 'So this particular example is based on one-dimensional array where we have declared an array of integer type,', 'start': 885.916, 'duration': 6.045}], 'summary': 'Faster western class memory management, printf/scnaf usage, and array structure explanation with examples.', 'duration': 56.807, 'max_score': 835.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U835154.jpg'}, {'end': 1174.868, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1139.426, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1144.207, 'text': 'You will be writing the logic according to which the function will be functioning now with this.', 'start': 1139.426, 'duration': 4.781}, {'end': 1148.989, 'text': 'Let us move on to our next question, which is what is dynamic memory allocation?', 'start': 1144.247, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 1150.749, 'text': 'mention its syntax.', 'start': 1148.989, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 1157.591, 'text': 'the answer for this question is dynamic memory allocation is a method used to allocate memory to the program in runtime.', 'start': 1150.749, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 1164.645, 'text': 'For example, if you allocate memory to a particular program, then the memory allocated at the compilation time is fixed,', 'start': 1158.123, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1167.426, 'text': 'and if you run out of memory during the run time,', 'start': 1164.645, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1174.868, 'text': 'then the program throws an error but will not resolve it until you extend the memory which you need or the program requires to compile.', 'start': 1167.426, 'duration': 7.442}], 'summary': 'Dynamic memory allocation allocates memory to program at runtime, preventing memory errors.', 'duration': 35.442, 'max_score': 1139.426, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1139426.jpg'}, {'end': 1174.868, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1150.749, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1157.591, 'text': 'the answer for this question is dynamic memory allocation is a method used to allocate memory to the program in runtime.', 'start': 1150.749, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 1164.645, 'text': 'For example, if you allocate memory to a particular program, then the memory allocated at the compilation time is fixed,', 'start': 1158.123, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1167.426, 'text': 'and if you run out of memory during the run time,', 'start': 1164.645, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1174.868, 'text': 'then the program throws an error but will not resolve it until you extend the memory which you need or the program requires to compile.', 'start': 1167.426, 'duration': 7.442}], 'summary': 'Dynamic memory allocation allows runtime memory allocation, preventing errors due to fixed memory allocation at compilation.', 'duration': 24.119, 'max_score': 1150.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1150749.jpg'}, {'end': 1246.579, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1218.939, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1224.401, 'text': 'in order to deallocate the memory which has been used by all the other three dynamic memory allocation functions.', 'start': 1218.939, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 1225.942, 'text': 'to understand this in a much better way,', 'start': 1224.401, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 1228.603, 'text': 'Let us execute examples based on all these four.', 'start': 1226.262, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1233.147, 'text': 'Firstly, let us execute an example based on malloc function here.', 'start': 1229.463, 'duration': 3.684}, {'end': 1238.071, 'text': 'We are going to use malloc function and the integer data type is been specified here.', 'start': 1233.507, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 1240.554, 'text': 'And now let us execute this program.', 'start': 1238.552, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 1246.579, 'text': 'You can see the program got successfully executed and the elements which we specified, which are five elements,', 'start': 1240.994, 'duration': 5.585}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates memory deallocation using dynamic memory allocation functions, including malloc. program executed successfully with 5 specified elements.', 'duration': 27.64, 'max_score': 1218.939, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1218939.jpg'}, {'end': 1385.744, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1332.259, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1336.943, 'text': 'The next question is where can we not use the address operator in C.', 'start': 1332.259, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 1343.108, 'text': 'The address operator is none other than the ampersand operator which we use along scanf or printf functions.', 'start': 1336.943, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 1350.033, 'text': 'Now we cannot use the ampersand on constants and on a variable which is declared using the register storage class.', 'start': 1343.788, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 1354.757, 'text': 'Now the next question is write an example for structure in C language.', 'start': 1350.854, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 1357.754, 'text': 'Now first of all, let us understand what is a structure.', 'start': 1355.433, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1365.556, 'text': 'So structure is defined as a user-defined data type that is designed to store multiple data members of the different data types in a single unit.', 'start': 1357.774, 'duration': 7.782}, {'end': 1374.498, 'text': 'Now generally if you specify a variable with an integer data type, then it can only store the elements which are of integer data type.', 'start': 1365.956, 'duration': 8.542}, {'end': 1377.439, 'text': 'but not float care or any other.', 'start': 1374.918, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 1385.744, 'text': 'but in case, if you are designing a variable for storing the elements of college or a school, then you have to write the name of the student,', 'start': 1377.439, 'duration': 8.305}], 'summary': "In c, address operator can't be used on constants or register variables. structure in c is a user-defined data type to store multiple data members of different types in a single unit.", 'duration': 53.485, 'max_score': 1332.259, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1332259.jpg'}], 'start': 703.331, 'title': 'C language fundamentals and memory management', 'summary': 'Covers c tokens, preprocessor directives, and features, arrays, null characters, compiler vs interpreter, function declaration, dynamic memory allocation using malloc, calloc, realloc, and free, and structures. it includes examples and explanations for better understanding.', 'chapters': [{'end': 856.131, 'start': 703.331, 'title': 'Understanding c tokens, preprocessor directives, and c programming features', 'summary': 'Explains c tokens, preprocessor directives, and the significance of c as the foundation of modern programming languages, including its features and the use of printf and scanf functions in c programming.', 'duration': 152.8, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of C tokens, including keywords, constants, special symbols, strings, operators, and identifiers, which are fundamental elements in C programming.', 'The significance of C as the foundation of modern programming languages is highlighted, emphasizing its introduction of major data structures used in languages like Java and Python.', 'The explanation of preprocessor directives, with a specific example of the hash include stdio.h, is provided, illustrating its role in directing the compiler for standard input and output operations.', 'The important features of C programming language are mentioned, including its high-level nature, structured oriented programming, rich library, extensibility, recursion, pointers, speed compared to its predecessors, and top-class memory management functions.', 'The use of printf and scanf functions in C programming is explained, with printf used for printing values on the screen.']}, {'end': 1132.784, 'start': 856.131, 'title': 'Arrays, null characters, compiler vs interpreter, function declaration', 'summary': "Covers topics such as arrays with examples of one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, null character's role in strings, the difference between compiler and interpreter, and the declaration of a function in c language along with an explanation of using int data type for storing values and its limitations.", 'duration': 276.653, 'highlights': ['The answer for this question is array is a data structure which stores the similar kind of elements into it in a sequential order. Explains the definition of an array as a data structure storing similar elements sequentially.', 'You cannot use int data type to store 32768 value. Clarifies the limitation of the integer data type to store values, emphasizing the range.', 'The only difference between strings at an array is the string ends with a null character. Highlights the distinction between strings and arrays, emphasizing the role of null character in strings.', 'The compiler takes in the whole program and compiles it at one shot. Contrasts the compilation process between C and Java programming languages, emphasizing the behavior of the compiler.', 'Syntax what you use to declare a function in C programming language. Explains the basic syntax for declaring a function in C programming language.']}, {'end': 1486.591, 'start': 1132.784, 'title': 'Dynamic memory allocation and structures in c', 'summary': 'Discusses dynamic memory allocation, explaining its purpose, advantages, and syntax using functions like malloc, calloc, realloc, and free, followed by an example for each function as well as the concept of structures in c.', 'duration': 353.807, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of dynamic memory allocation, highlighting its purpose and advantages with a comparison between fixed and dynamic memory allocation, emphasizing that dynamic memory allocation allows for automatic memory increase during runtime, preventing program stoppage. It then delves into the syntax of dynamic memory allocation, detailing the process of declaring pointers, casting data types, and specifying byte sizes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the topic.', 'The chapter provides examples for each of the dynamic memory allocation functions - malloc, calloc, realloc, and free, demonstrating their usage and effectiveness. It explains the successful execution of programs using these functions, each showcasing the allocation, reallocation, and deallocation of memory, providing practical insights into the applications of dynamic memory allocation in C programming.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of structures in C, defining it as a user-defined data type designed to store multiple data members of different data types in a single unit. It elaborates on the limitations of standard variables in storing diverse data types, highlighting the need for structures to store elements of multiple data types as one single unit, and provides a practical example to demonstrate the application of structures in C programming.']}], 'duration': 783.26, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U703331.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of dynamic memory allocation, highlighting its purpose and advantages with a comparison between fixed and dynamic memory allocation, emphasizing that dynamic memory allocation allows for automatic memory increase during runtime, preventing program stoppage.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of structures in C, defining it as a user-defined data type designed to store multiple data members of different data types in a single unit. It elaborates on the limitations of standard variables in storing diverse data types, highlighting the need for structures to store elements of multiple data types as one single unit, and provides a practical example to demonstrate the application of structures in C programming.', 'The explanation of preprocessor directives, with a specific example of the hash include stdio.h, is provided, illustrating its role in directing the compiler for standard input and output operations.', 'The chapter explains the concept of C tokens, including keywords, constants, special symbols, strings, operators, and identifiers, which are fundamental elements in C programming.', 'The chapter provides examples for each of the dynamic memory allocation functions - malloc, calloc, realloc, and free, demonstrating their usage and effectiveness. It explains the successful execution of programs using these functions, each showcasing the allocation, reallocation, and deallocation of memory, providing practical insights into the applications of dynamic memory allocation in C programming.']}, {'end': 1728.165, 'segs': [{'end': 1579.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1546.256, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1549.938, 'text': 'So the values or the arguments are not safe followed by that.', 'start': 1546.256, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 1552.16, 'text': 'The next factor is memory location.', 'start': 1550.178, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 1555.444, 'text': "If you're calling a function through call by value method,", 'start': 1552.84, 'duration': 2.604}, {'end': 1563.374, 'text': 'then separate memory locations will be created for the actual as well as the formal parameters, but in case of call by reference,', 'start': 1555.444, 'duration': 7.93}, {'end': 1567.198, 'text': 'actual and formal parameters share the same memory location.', 'start': 1563.374, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 1568.941, 'text': 'again there is a risk for values.', 'start': 1567.198, 'duration': 1.743}, {'end': 1572.363, 'text': 'followed by that the final factor is arguments.', 'start': 1569.541, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 1579.508, 'text': 'If you call a function by call by value method then a copy of actual parameters are sent but not the original ones.', 'start': 1572.904, 'duration': 6.604}], 'summary': 'Call by value creates separate memory locations, while call by reference shares the same memory location, posing risks for values.', 'duration': 33.252, 'max_score': 1546.256, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1546256.jpg'}, {'end': 1646.729, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1622.213, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1628.777, 'text': 'Now, let us execute this program and see how does it work? You can see the program has been successfully compiled.', 'start': 1622.213, 'duration': 6.564}, {'end': 1633.58, 'text': 'And the values of a and B are being changed here.', 'start': 1630.078, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 1639.427, 'text': 'You can see The actual values in the main are a is equals to 10 and B is equals to 20.', 'start': 1634.021, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 1644.349, 'text': 'but the values are swapped, as a is equals to 20 and B is equals to 10 in the function.', 'start': 1639.427, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 1646.729, 'text': 'So this is the risk what we have to take up.', 'start': 1644.909, 'duration': 1.82}], 'summary': 'Program successfully compiles, swaps values of a and b, a=20, b=10.', 'duration': 24.516, 'max_score': 1622.213, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1622213.jpg'}, {'end': 1728.165, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1686.877, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1695.183, 'text': 'For example, consider that you have declared a string ABC in lower case, and if you apply to upper function on that particular string ABC,', 'start': 1686.877, 'duration': 8.306}, {'end': 1698.105, 'text': 'then the lower case string will be converted into uppercase string.', 'start': 1695.183, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 1704.13, 'text': 'Now, let us go through an example to understand this in a better way as you can see the program got successfully compiled.', 'start': 1698.586, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 1705.731, 'text': 'Now, let us insert a string.', 'start': 1704.49, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1711.335, 'text': 'The string has been successfully inserted in lower order or lower case.', 'start': 1707.812, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 1714.277, 'text': 'Now, let us see if it gets converted into uppercase or not.', 'start': 1711.695, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 1722.323, 'text': 'As you can see the entire string is Edureka in lowercase and after that the Edureka string has been converted into uppercase with this.', 'start': 1714.841, 'duration': 7.482}, {'end': 1728.165, 'text': 'Let us move on to our next question write a simple code to generate random numbers in C.', 'start': 1722.583, 'duration': 5.582}], 'summary': "Converting a lowercase string 'edureka' to uppercase with a function, and inserting a string in lower case.", 'duration': 41.288, 'max_score': 1686.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1686877.jpg'}], 'start': 1486.871, 'title': 'Call by value and call by reference', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between call by value and call by reference, highlighting safety, memory location, and arguments. it also demonstrates program execution with examples resulting in unchanged and swapped values, and covers the risk of call by reference, differentiating between get ch and get chp, explaining the to upper function with an example, and writing a simple code to generate random numbers in c.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1589.435, 'start': 1486.871, 'title': 'Call by value vs call by reference', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between call by value and call by reference, highlighting the factors of safety, memory location, and arguments when using each method.', 'duration': 102.564, 'highlights': ['Call by reference method allows for altering the original values, while call by value method keeps the original values unchanged.', 'Call by reference shares the same memory location for actual and formal parameters, increasing the risk for values, whereas call by value creates separate memory locations for them.', 'In call by reference, the original actual parameters are passed using memory addresses, posing a risk, while call by value sends a copy of actual parameters, ensuring safety.']}, {'end': 1646.729, 'start': 1589.715, 'title': 'Call by value and call by reference', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the execution of programs based on call by value and call by reference, with an example showing successful compilation and unchanged value of x in call by value, and a successful compilation with swapped values in call by reference.', 'duration': 57.014, 'highlights': ['The values of a and B are being changed here, with a is equals to 20 and B is equals to 10 in the function, despite their actual values in the main being a is equals to 10 and B is equals to 20.', 'The program has been successfully compiled and the value of X remains as hundred after the call by value method.', 'The program has been successfully compiled and the values of a and B are swapped in the call by reference method.']}, {'end': 1728.165, 'start': 1647.009, 'title': 'Call by reference, get ch vs get chp, to upper function, generating random numbers in c', 'summary': 'Covers the risk of call by reference, differentiating between get ch and get chp, explaining the to upper function with an example, and writing a simple code to generate random numbers in c.', 'duration': 81.156, 'highlights': ["Explaining the to upper function with an example The to upper function converts a lowercase string into an uppercase string, demonstrated by applying it to the string 'Edureka' and successfully converting it from lowercase to uppercase.", 'Differentiating between get CH and get CHP get CH reads data from the keyboard without using buffers, while get CHP reads the data from the keyboard and uses a buffer, continuously displaying the data on the screen.', 'The risk of call by reference The chapter discusses the risk involved when calling a function using the call by reference method, highlighting the successful compilation and execution of the program.', 'Writing a simple code to generate random numbers in C The chapter concludes with a simple code demonstration to generate random numbers in C.']}], 'duration': 241.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1486871.jpg', 'highlights': ['Call by reference shares the same memory location for actual and formal parameters, increasing the risk for values, whereas call by value creates separate memory locations for them.', 'The program has been successfully compiled and the values of a and B are swapped in the call by reference method.', "The to upper function converts a lowercase string into an uppercase string, demonstrated by applying it to the string 'Edureka' and successfully converting it from lowercase to uppercase.", 'Writing a simple code to generate random numbers in C The chapter concludes with a simple code demonstration to generate random numbers in C.', 'The values of a and B are being changed here, with a is equals to 20 and B is equals to 10 in the function, despite their actual values in the main being a is equals to 10 and B is equals to 20.']}, {'end': 2343.902, 'segs': [{'end': 1754.842, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1728.165, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1732.806, 'text': 'So what you have to basically do here is to take up a data type like integer or float,', 'start': 1728.165, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 1736.347, 'text': 'and you need to generate some random numbers which you will not be inserting.', 'start': 1732.806, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 1738.788, 'text': 'It should be generated by the computer itself.', 'start': 1736.847, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 1742.169, 'text': 'Now, let us see an example to understand this in a much better way.', 'start': 1739.248, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 1747.133, 'text': 'So this particular program will make the computer to generate some random integer type numbers.', 'start': 1742.768, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 1748.835, 'text': 'Let us execute this program.', 'start': 1747.534, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1754.842, 'text': 'You can see that the program has generated 10 different random numbers through this program.', 'start': 1750.457, 'duration': 4.385}], 'summary': 'Generate 10 random integers using computer-generated program.', 'duration': 26.677, 'max_score': 1728.165, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1728165.jpg'}, {'end': 1782.332, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1750.457, 'weight': 0.723, 'content': [{'end': 1754.842, 'text': 'You can see that the program has generated 10 different random numbers through this program.', 'start': 1750.457, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 1758.847, 'text': 'Now with this let us move on to our next question.', 'start': 1756.704, 'duration': 2.143}, {'end': 1763.856, 'text': 'The next question is can I generate customized header file in C language?', 'start': 1759.631, 'duration': 4.225}, {'end': 1764.977, 'text': 'and the answer is yes.', 'start': 1763.856, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 1772.887, 'text': 'it is possible to create a new header file, create a file with function prototypes that needs to be used in the program and include the file in hash.', 'start': 1764.977, 'duration': 7.91}, {'end': 1774.649, 'text': 'include section and its name.', 'start': 1772.887, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 1778.61, 'text': "and that's how you create your own customized header file with this.", 'start': 1775.249, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 1780.271, 'text': 'Let us move on to our next question.', 'start': 1778.85, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1782.332, 'text': 'What do you mean by memory leak??', 'start': 1780.691, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': "Program generates 10 random numbers. yes, you can create a customized header file in c language. it's possible to create a new header file with function prototypes. memory leak is the next topic.", 'duration': 31.875, 'max_score': 1750.457, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1750457.jpg'}, {'end': 1806.547, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1782.732, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1791.995, 'text': 'The answer for this question is memory leak can be defined as a situation where the programmer allocates memory using dynamic memory allocation functions but fails to free.', 'start': 1782.732, 'duration': 9.263}, {'end': 1800.782, 'text': 'For example, if you allocate memory to a program using any of the three memory allocating functions, such as caloc, malloc or real lock,', 'start': 1792.555, 'duration': 8.227}, {'end': 1806.547, 'text': 'and forget to deallocate it, then the trouble may be that if another program requires the same memory,', 'start': 1800.782, 'duration': 5.765}], 'summary': 'Memory leak occurs when programmer fails to deallocate memory allocated using dynamic memory allocation functions, like calloc, malloc, or realloc.', 'duration': 23.815, 'max_score': 1782.732, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1782732.jpg'}, {'end': 1966.299, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1942.969, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1951.134, 'text': "So this particular method will enhance by storing the value directly in the CPU so that the compiler won't have to search it many number of times.", 'start': 1942.969, 'duration': 8.165}, {'end': 1954.016, 'text': 'So this increases efficiency in your execution.', 'start': 1951.555, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 1960.76, 'text': 'Now the next question is which statement is efficient and why so you have two different statements.', 'start': 1954.576, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 1966.299, 'text': 'Firstly X is equals to X plus 1 and the next one is x++.', 'start': 1961, 'duration': 5.299}], 'summary': 'Storing value in cpu enhances efficiency, x++ is more efficient than x = x + 1.', 'duration': 23.33, 'max_score': 1942.969, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1942969.jpg'}, {'end': 2040.082, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2011.265, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2018.108, 'text': 'can I declare int X is equals to 10 in main function and int X is equals to 10 in subdivided function?', 'start': 2011.265, 'duration': 6.843}, {'end': 2025.392, 'text': 'Is it possible? The answer is yes, the same variable can be declared in two different scopes to understand this in a much better way.', 'start': 2018.429, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 2027.053, 'text': 'Let us execute a simple example.', 'start': 2025.532, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 2032.658, 'text': 'So this particular example is based on declaring a variable with same name at two different locations.', 'start': 2027.955, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 2040.082, 'text': "You can see that I have declared the variable name as variable in the main function as well as I've declared the same variable name in the function.", 'start': 2033.098, 'duration': 6.984}], 'summary': 'Same variable can be declared in two scopes, as shown in example.', 'duration': 28.817, 'max_score': 2011.265, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2011265.jpg'}, {'end': 2165.699, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2112.998, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2118.563, 'text': 'As you can see the program has been successfully executed and the program is reading the content present in the file.', 'start': 2112.998, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 2121.305, 'text': 'Now with this let us move on to our next question.', 'start': 2119.103, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 2125.808, 'text': 'What are the different storage class specifiers available in C programming language?', 'start': 2121.605, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 2134.035, 'text': 'So, basically, there are four storage class specifiers in C language, which are Auto, register, static and finally the external.', 'start': 2126.289, 'duration': 7.746}, {'end': 2136.797, 'text': 'and the next question is what is typecasting?', 'start': 2134.035, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 2143.535, 'text': 'The answer is typecasting is basically converting the lower data type into higher level of data type.', 'start': 2137.429, 'duration': 6.106}, {'end': 2149.621, 'text': 'For example, if you have a data type integer and the result is in float data type,', 'start': 2143.876, 'duration': 5.745}, {'end': 2153.605, 'text': 'then the compiler automatically converts the data type of integer to float.', 'start': 2149.621, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 2157.149, 'text': 'This type of conversion is called as implicit type conversion.', 'start': 2154.106, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 2165.699, 'text': 'and there is another type of conversion where you manually convert the data type from a lower level to higher level or higher level to lower level.', 'start': 2157.791, 'duration': 7.908}], 'summary': 'Successful program execution, 4 storage class specifiers in c, typecasting explanation', 'duration': 52.701, 'max_score': 2112.998, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2112998.jpg'}], 'start': 1728.165, 'title': 'C programming in detail', 'summary': 'Covers various aspects of c programming including generating random numbers, creating customized header files, defining memory leaks, efficient coding practices, storage class specifiers, typecasting, file operations, and advanced interview questions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1864.014, 'start': 1728.165, 'title': 'C programming faqs and examples', 'summary': 'Covers generating random numbers, creating customized header files, defining memory leaks, and explaining static local variables in c programming.', 'duration': 135.849, 'highlights': ['The program generates 10 different random numbers using computer-generated random integer type numbers.', 'It is possible to create a new header file in C by creating a file with function prototypes and including it in the hash include section.', 'Memory leak occurs when memory is allocated using dynamic memory allocation functions but not deallocated, leading to potential memory reuse issues.', 'Static local variables in C have a lifetime throughout the entire program, similar to global variables, and can be accessed from anywhere.']}, {'end': 2343.902, 'start': 1864.794, 'title': 'C programming: header files, storage specifiers, file operations, typecasting, pointers, and advanced interview questions', 'summary': 'Covers topics including header file declaration, register storage specifier, efficient coding practices, variable declaration in different scopes, file operations, storage class specifiers, typecasting, dangling pointers, swapping variables without a third variable, and advanced interview questions in c programming.', 'duration': 479.108, 'highlights': ['The most efficient statement for incrementing a variable is x++, as it is one single instruction compared to the two instructions required for x = x + 1, thus improving execution efficiency. x++ is one single instruction as opposed to x = x + 1, which requires two instructions, resulting in improved execution efficiency.', 'You can declare the same variable in two different scopes in C programming, such as in the main function and a subdivided function, allowing for better organization and management of variables. In C programming, it is possible to declare the same variable in two different scopes, enabling better organization and management of variables in different parts of the program.', 'The C language has four storage class specifiers: auto, register, static, and external, each serving different purposes in variable declaration and memory allocation. C programming language has four storage class specifiers: auto, register, static, and external, each serving distinct purposes in variable declaration and memory allocation.', 'Typecasting involves converting data from a lower data type to a higher data type, and it can be either implicit, where the compiler automatically converts the data type, or explicit, where the conversion is done manually. Typecasting in C programming involves converting data from a lower data type to a higher data type, and it can be implicit, where the compiler automatically performs the conversion, or explicit, where the conversion is done manually.', 'A dangling pointer in C occurs when the pointer still points to the memory location of a deleted variable, potentially leading to unpredictable behavior and memory-related issues. A dangling pointer in C programming occurs when the pointer still points to the memory location of a deleted variable, potentially resulting in unpredictable behavior and memory-related issues.']}], 'duration': 615.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U1728165.jpg', 'highlights': ['The program generates 10 different random numbers using computer-generated random integer type numbers.', 'Memory leak occurs when memory is allocated using dynamic memory allocation functions but not deallocated, leading to potential memory reuse issues.', 'The most efficient statement for incrementing a variable is x++, as it is one single instruction compared to the two instructions required for x = x + 1, thus improving execution efficiency.', 'You can declare the same variable in two different scopes in C programming, such as in the main function and a subdivided function, allowing for better organization and management of variables.', 'Typecasting involves converting data from a lower data type to a higher data type, and it can be either implicit, where the compiler automatically converts the data type, or explicit, where the conversion is done manually.']}, {'end': 2772.11, 'segs': [{'end': 2414.01, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2368.902, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2373.043, 'text': 'then the duplicate elements here are 1 and 1.', 'start': 2368.902, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 2375.825, 'text': 'what we need to do here is to remove the duplicate one.', 'start': 2373.043, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 2379.166, 'text': 'Now, let us execute an example to understand how is it done.', 'start': 2376.445, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2383.969, 'text': 'So this particular example is based on removing the duplicates elements in the array.', 'start': 2379.727, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 2387.05, 'text': 'Let us execute this program and see if it works or not.', 'start': 2384.589, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 2414.01, 'text': 'As you can see the program has been successfully compiled and now it is asking me to enter the number of elements in the array.', 'start': 2408.228, 'duration': 5.782}], 'summary': 'Remove duplicate elements from array, successful program compilation', 'duration': 45.108, 'max_score': 2368.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2368902.jpg'}, {'end': 2530.142, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2499.369, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2507.533, 'text': 'The elements are minus 2 45 0 11 and minus 9 so you can see that the elements are not in ascending order.', 'start': 2499.369, 'duration': 8.164}, {'end': 2516.697, 'text': 'So now we will be using bubble sort to arrange the elements in order, which is minus 9, minus 2, 0, 11 and 45.', 'start': 2507.873, 'duration': 8.824}, {'end': 2519.178, 'text': 'now let us execute this program and see if it works or not.', 'start': 2516.697, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 2530.142, 'text': 'As you can see, the elements have been successfully sorted in ascending order using bubble sort, and the elements are, as expected, minus 9, minus 2,', 'start': 2521.46, 'duration': 8.682}], 'summary': 'Bubble sort arranged 5 elements in ascending order successfully.', 'duration': 30.773, 'max_score': 2499.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2499369.jpg'}, {'end': 2649.17, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2627.508, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2638.459, 'text': 'now you can see that the output has been generated and The average waiting time for each process is 11.5 seconds and the average turnaround time for each process is 11 seconds.', 'start': 2627.508, 'duration': 10.951}, {'end': 2641.546, 'text': 'Now with this let us move on to our next question.', 'start': 2639.08, 'duration': 2.466}, {'end': 2649.17, 'text': 'How do I link a program with operating system? So the answer for this question is file links the operating system to the program.', 'start': 2642.265, 'duration': 6.905}], 'summary': 'Average waiting time: 11.5 sec, average turnaround time: 11 sec. linking a program to os is done via file links.', 'duration': 21.662, 'max_score': 2627.508, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2627508.jpg'}], 'start': 2344.594, 'title': 'Array manipulation and sorting algorithms', 'summary': 'Covers removing duplicates in an array, implementing bubble sort for sorting, and comprehending the round-robin algorithm in c programming. it includes key concepts and popular interview questions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2772.11, 'start': 2344.594, 'title': 'Removing duplicates in array & sorting with bubble sort & round-robin algorithm', 'summary': 'Discusses removing duplicates in an array, sorting elements using bubble sort, and understanding the round-robin algorithm with examples, along with important concepts and frequently asked interview questions in c programming.', 'duration': 427.516, 'highlights': ['The round-robin algorithm is explained with an example, illustrating the total number of processes, their arrival time, burst time, and quantum time, resulting in an average waiting time of 11.5 seconds and an average turnaround time of 11 seconds. The round-robin algorithm example demonstrates the computation of average waiting time and average turnaround time, resulting in 11.5 seconds and 11 seconds respectively.', "The program successfully removes duplicate elements from an array, exemplifying the removal of the duplicate element '1' from the given array of integers. The program effectively removes the duplicate element '1' from the array, showcasing the successful removal of the duplicate element.", 'The program sorts elements in ascending order using bubble sort, arranging the elements as expected: -9, -2, 0, 11, and 45. The bubble sort program effectively arranges the elements in ascending order as -9, -2, 0, 11, and 45.']}], 'duration': 427.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/MJ2N2CjHb4U/pics/MJ2N2CjHb4U2344594.jpg', 'highlights': ['The round-robin algorithm example demonstrates the computation of average waiting time and average turnaround time, resulting in 11.5 seconds and 11 seconds respectively.', 'The program sorts elements in ascending order using bubble sort, arranging the elements as expected: -9, -2, 0, 11, and 45.', "The program successfully removes duplicate elements from an array, exemplifying the removal of the duplicate element '1' from the given array of integers."]}], 'highlights': ['Dynamic memory allocation allows for automatic memory increase during runtime, preventing program stoppage.', 'The largest basic data type in C is long double, with a size of 10 bytes and a range up to 3.4E+4932.', 'A pointer variable in C is declared to store the address of a variable, allowing it to point to the data stored in the variable.', 'The scope of a variable in C programming refers to the part of the code where the declared variables can be accessed directly.', 'The explanation of preprocessor directives, with a specific example of the hash include stdio.h, is provided, illustrating its role in directing the compiler for standard input and output operations.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of structures in C, defining it as a user-defined data type designed to store multiple data members of different data types in a single unit.', "The program successfully removes duplicate elements from an array, exemplifying the removal of the duplicate element '1' from the given array of integers.", 'The round-robin algorithm example demonstrates the computation of average waiting time and average turnaround time, resulting in 11.5 seconds and 11 seconds respectively.', 'The program sorts elements in ascending order using bubble sort, arranging the elements as expected: -9, -2, 0, 11, and 45.', 'The program generates 10 different random numbers using computer-generated random integer type numbers.']}