title
Charles Isbell: Computing, Interactive AI, and Race in America | Lex Fridman Podcast #135

description
Charles Isbell is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off - Decoding Digital: https://appdirect.com/decoding-digital - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Charles's Twitter: https://twitter.com/isbellHFh Charles's Website: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~isbell/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:36 - Top 3 movies of all time 8:45 - People are easily predictable 14:27 - Breaking out of our bubbles 26:13 - Interactive AI 32:45 - Lifelong machine learning 41:12 - Faculty hiring 48:47 - University rankings 56:15 - Science communicators 1:05:39 - Hip hop 1:14:39 - Funk 1:16:03 - Computing 1:31:55 - Race 1:47:59 - Cop story 1:56:20 - Racial tensions 2:05:42 - MLK vs Malcolm X 2:09:03 - Will human civilization destroy itself? 2:13:34 - Fear of death and the passing of time CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Charles Isbell: Computing, Interactive AI, and Race in America | Lex Fridman Podcast #135', 'heatmap': [{'end': 4834.739, 'start': 4741.794, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Charles isbell discusses movies, ai, and human behavior prediction, highlighting challenges in ai, empathy, university impact, societal biases, and civil rights, emphasizing the intersection of ai and empathy, the impact of narrative biases, individual career impact, evolving music genres, and societal division dynamics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 502.743, 'segs': [{'end': 70.085, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39.493, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 43.775, 'text': 'Quick mention of each sponsor, followed by some thoughts related to the episode.', 'start': 39.493, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 51.738, 'text': 'First is Neuro, the maker of functional sugar-free gum and mints that I use to give my brain a quick caffeine boost.', 'start': 44.375, 'duration': 7.363}, {'end': 58.42, 'text': 'Second is Decoding Digital, a podcast on tech and entrepreneurship that I listen to and enjoy.', 'start': 52.418, 'duration': 6.002}, {'end': 64.602, 'text': 'Third is Masterclass, online courses that I watch from some of the most amazing humans in history.', 'start': 59.301, 'duration': 5.301}, {'end': 70.085, 'text': 'And finally, Cash App, the app I use to send money to friends for food and drinks.', 'start': 65.083, 'duration': 5.002}], 'summary': 'Mentions neuro, decoding digital, masterclass, and cash app sponsors, highlighting their products and services.', 'duration': 30.592, 'max_score': 39.493, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ39493.jpg'}, {'end': 116.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 88.297, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 91.518, 'text': "There's nothing explicitly political in these conversations,", 'start': 88.297, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 102.542, 'text': 'but they do touch on something in human nature that I hope can bring context to our difficult time and maybe for a moment allow us to empathize with people we disagree with.', 'start': 91.518, 'duration': 11.024}, {'end': 105.364, 'text': 'With Eric, we talk about the nature of evil.', 'start': 103.343, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 116.428, 'text': 'With Charles, besides AI and music, we talk a bit about race in America and how we can bring more love and empathy to our online communication.', 'start': 105.984, 'duration': 10.444}], 'summary': 'Conversations delve into human nature and empathy, touching on evil, ai, music, race, love, and empathy in online communication.', 'duration': 28.131, 'max_score': 88.297, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ88297.jpg'}, {'end': 206.656, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 179.696, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 183.939, 'text': "But I will tell you that of those genres, I'll pick one or two from each of the genres.", 'start': 179.696, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 185.72, 'text': "And I'll get us to three, sometimes I'm gonna cheat.", 'start': 184.179, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 193.045, 'text': 'So my favorite comedy of all times, but probably my favorite movie of all time, is His Girl Friday.', 'start': 186.16, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 200.314, 'text': "which is probably a movie that you've not ever heard of, but it's based on a play called The Front Page from, I don't know, early 1900s.", 'start': 194.329, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 202.936, 'text': 'And the movie is a fantastic film.', 'start': 200.914, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 206.656, 'text': "What's the story??", 'start': 206.035, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'Speaker selects 1-2 favorites from each genre, cheats to reach 3. his girl friday is favorite comedy and movie.', 'duration': 26.96, 'max_score': 179.696, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ179696.jpg'}, {'end': 328.279, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 301.779, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 307.403, 'text': "But the reason I put Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and John Wick together is because I actually think they're the same movie,", 'start': 301.779, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 311.565, 'text': 'or what I like about them the same movie, which is both of them.', 'start': 307.403, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 316.889, 'text': "create a world that you're coming in the middle of, and they don't explain it to you.", 'start': 311.565, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 320.057, 'text': 'But the story is done so well that you pick it up.', 'start': 317.776, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 325.798, 'text': "So anyone who's seen John Wick, you know, you have these little coins and they're headed out and there are these rules.", 'start': 320.137, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 328.279, 'text': 'And apparently every single person in New York City is an assassin.', 'start': 325.838, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'Crouching tiger, hidden dragon and john wick create immersive worlds with unexplained rules and engaging stories.', 'duration': 26.5, 'max_score': 301.779, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ301779.jpg'}, {'end': 400.755, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 367.91, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 370.312, 'text': 'I do not do martial arts, but I certainly watch martial arts.', 'start': 367.91, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 371.332, 'text': 'Oh, I appreciate it very much.', 'start': 370.392, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 373.674, 'text': 'Oh, we could talk about every Jackie Chan movie ever made.', 'start': 371.472, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 375.735, 'text': 'And I would be, I would be on board with that.', 'start': 374.194, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 378.737, 'text': 'Shower too, like that kind of the comedy of a cop.', 'start': 376.275, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 379.818, 'text': 'Yes Yes.', 'start': 378.957, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 383.98, 'text': 'By the way, my favorite Jackie Chan movie would be Drunken Master 2.', 'start': 380.138, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 387.643, 'text': 'Known in the States usually as Legend of the Drunken Master.', 'start': 383.98, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 394.531, 'text': 'Actually, Drunken Master, the first one, is the first kung fu movie I ever saw, but I did not know that.', 'start': 389.368, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 400.755, 'text': "First Jackie Chan movie? No, first one ever that I saw and remember, but I had no idea that that's what it was.", 'start': 395.131, 'duration': 5.624}], 'summary': 'Discussion about jackie chan movies, including preference for drunken master 2 and first kung fu movie experience.', 'duration': 32.845, 'max_score': 367.91, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ367910.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Movies, ai, and storytelling', 'summary': "Features a conversation with charles isbell, covering his interests in movies, ai, and online communication, along with a mention of sponsors and upcoming episodes. additionally, it discusses the similarities between 'crouching tiger, hidden dragon' and 'john wick', admiration for jackie chan's movies, and the impactful ending of 'the godfather'.", 'chapters': [{'end': 271.674, 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Charles isbell on movies and ai', 'summary': 'Features a conversation with charles isbell, covering his interests in movies, ai, and online communication, along with a mention of sponsors and upcoming episodes, aiming to provide context and empathy amidst difficult times.', 'duration': 271.545, 'highlights': ["Charles Isbell's favorite movie is 'His Girl Friday,' a screwball comedy from the 1930s, known for its banter and humor, showcasing his deep interest in movies. His favorite movie, 'His Girl Friday,' is a screwball comedy from the 1930s, known for its banter and humor, demonstrating his deep interest in movies and specific film genres.", "The conversation also delves into the nature of evil, race in America, and the need for more love and empathy in online communication, providing insights into Isbell's multifaceted perspectives and concerns. The conversation covers topics such as the nature of evil, race in America, and the importance of love and empathy in online communication, offering insights into Isbell's multifaceted perspectives and concerns about societal issues.", "The episode includes mentions of sponsors such as Neuro, Decoding Digital, Masterclass, and Cash App, with the aim of promoting discounts and supporting the podcast, showcasing the podcast's sponsorships and revenue generation strategies. The episode includes mentions of sponsors such as Neuro, Decoding Digital, Masterclass, and Cash App, aiming to promote discounts and support the podcast, highlighting the podcast's sponsorships and revenue generation strategies."]}, {'end': 502.743, 'start': 271.674, 'title': 'Favorite movies and the art of storytelling', 'summary': "Discusses the similarities between 'crouching tiger, hidden dragon' and 'john wick', both creating immersive worlds without explicit explanation, while also expressing admiration for jackie chan's movies and highlighting the impactful ending of 'the godfather'.", 'duration': 231.069, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the similarities between 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' and 'John Wick', both creating immersive worlds without explicit explanation. Both movies create a world that is not explicitly explained, pulling the audience in with excellent storytelling.", "Expresses admiration for Jackie Chan's movies and highlights the impactful ending of 'The Godfather'. The speaker appreciates Jackie Chan's movies and particularly mentions 'Drunken Master 2'. They also highlight the impactful ending of 'The Godfather' as one of their favorite scenes in a movie.", "Mentions 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' and 'John Wick' as two of their favorite movies, expressing love for their storytelling and immersive worlds. The speaker expresses their admiration for the storytelling and immersive worlds created in 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' and 'John Wick'."]}], 'duration': 502.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ129.jpg', 'highlights': ["Charles Isbell's favorite movie is 'His Girl Friday,' a screwball comedy from the 1930s, known for its banter and humor, showcasing his deep interest in movies.", "The conversation covers topics such as the nature of evil, race in America, and the importance of love and empathy in online communication, offering insights into Isbell's multifaceted perspectives and concerns about societal issues.", "The episode includes mentions of sponsors such as Neuro, Decoding Digital, Masterclass, and Cash App, aiming to promote discounts and support the podcast, highlighting the podcast's sponsorships and revenue generation strategies.", "The chapter discusses the similarities between 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' and 'John Wick', both creating immersive worlds without explicit explanation.", "Expresses admiration for Jackie Chan's movies and highlights the impactful ending of 'The Godfather'.", "The speaker expresses their admiration for the storytelling and immersive worlds created in 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' and 'John Wick'."]}, {'end': 1193.413, 'segs': [{'end': 711.351, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 666.414, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 673.4, 'text': 'And it turns out you can get 93% accuracy just by doing something very simple and stupid and just counting statistics.', 'start': 666.414, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 676.521, 'text': 'What was actually more interesting is that you could use that information.', 'start': 673.8, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 677.781, 'text': 'This comes up again and again in my work.', 'start': 676.561, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 687.545, 'text': 'If you try to represent people or objects by the things they do, the things you can measure about them that have to do with action in the world.', 'start': 678.602, 'duration': 8.943}, {'end': 694.007, 'text': 'so distribution over actions, and you try to represent them by the distribution of actions that are done on them,', 'start': 687.545, 'duration': 6.462}, {'end': 700.888, 'text': 'then you do a pretty good job of sort of understanding how people are, and they cluster remarkably well.', 'start': 694.747, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 702.609, 'text': 'In fact, irritatingly so.', 'start': 701.508, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 711.351, 'text': "And so by clustering people this way you can maybe you know I got the 93% accuracy of what's the next button you're going to press,", 'start': 703.229, 'duration': 8.122}], 'summary': 'Using simple statistics, achieved 93% accuracy in predicting actions based on distribution of actions, clustering people remarkably well.', 'duration': 44.937, 'max_score': 666.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ666414.jpg'}, {'end': 770.989, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 745.066, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 750.089, 'text': 'but any given individual is remarkably predictable because you keep doing the same things over and over again.', 'start': 745.066, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 758.733, 'text': "And the two things that I've learned in the long time that I've been thinking about this is people are easily predictable and people hate when you tell them that they're easily predictable.", 'start': 750.769, 'duration': 7.964}, {'end': 761.326, 'text': 'but they are, and there you go.', 'start': 759.585, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 763.186, 'text': 'What about?', 'start': 762.126, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 770.989, 'text': "let me play devil's advocate, and, philosophically speaking, is it possible to say that what defines humans is the outlier?", 'start': 763.186, 'duration': 7.803}], 'summary': 'Individuals are remarkably predictable, but hate being told so. can defining humans as outliers be a philosophical possibility?', 'duration': 25.923, 'max_score': 745.066, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ745066.jpg'}, {'end': 818.46, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 797.484, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 806.895, 'text': "I think the way I would put it is there are people who are very different from lots of other people, but they're not 0%, they're closer to 10%,", 'start': 797.484, 'duration': 9.411}, {'end': 811.677, 'text': "right?. So, in fact, even if you do this kind of clustering of people, that'll turn out to be this small number of people.", 'start': 806.895, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 817.119, 'text': 'They all behave like each other, even if they individually behave very differently from everyone else.', 'start': 811.717, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 818.46, 'text': "So I think that's kind of important.", 'start': 817.139, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': 'Approximately 10% of people behave similarly despite being different from the majority.', 'duration': 20.976, 'max_score': 797.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ797484.jpg'}, {'end': 914.103, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 862.305, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 866.726, 'text': "And I do think that that's a reasonable place to start for the question of what makes us human.", 'start': 862.305, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 874.361, 'text': "So, before we talk about sort of explore the different ideas underlying interactive artificial intelligence which we're working on,", 'start': 868.157, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 883.506, 'text': 'let me just go along this thread to skip to kind of our world of social media, which is something that, at least on the artificial intelligence side,', 'start': 874.361, 'duration': 9.145}, {'end': 884.127, 'text': 'you think about.', 'start': 883.506, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 887.104, 'text': "There's a popular narrative.", 'start': 885.202, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 895.951, 'text': "I don't know if it's true, but that we have these silos in social media and we have these clusterings, as you're kind of mentioning.", 'start': 887.104, 'duration': 8.847}, {'end': 910.901, 'text': 'And the idea is that along that narrative is that we want to break each other out of those silos so we can be empathetic to other people.', 'start': 896.732, 'duration': 14.169}, {'end': 914.103, 'text': "If you're a Democrat, you're empathetic to the Republican.", 'start': 911.101, 'duration': 3.002}], 'summary': "Exploring social media's impact on empathy and breaking silos.", 'duration': 51.798, 'max_score': 862.305, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ862305.jpg'}, {'end': 969.163, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 936.743, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 943.99, 'text': 'ai systems in that mix, helping us interacting with us humans and maybe getting us out of those silos.', 'start': 936.743, 'duration': 7.247}, {'end': 946.392, 'text': 'is that something that you think is possible?', 'start': 943.99, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 958.398, 'text': 'do you see a hopeful possibility for artificial intelligence systems in these large networks of people to get us outside of our habits,', 'start': 946.392, 'duration': 12.006}, {'end': 969.163, 'text': "in at least the idea space to where we can sort of be empathetic to other people's lived experiences, other people's points of view?", 'start': 958.398, 'duration': 10.765}], 'summary': 'Ai systems can help break silos and encourage empathy in large networks of people.', 'duration': 32.42, 'max_score': 936.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ936743.jpg'}, {'end': 1166.879, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1128.89, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1135.031, 'text': "But you know, just get them to agree on some basic definitions, because right now they talk, they're talking past each other,", 'start': 1128.89, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 1136.411, 'text': 'just completely talking past each other.', 'start': 1135.031, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 1139.612, 'text': "That's the hard part, getting them to meet, getting them to interact.", 'start': 1136.691, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 1140.992, 'text': 'That may not be that difficult.', 'start': 1139.932, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 1145.733, 'text': 'Getting them to see where their language is leading them to lead past one another.', 'start': 1141.392, 'duration': 4.341}, {'end': 1147.093, 'text': "That's, that's the hard part.", 'start': 1145.773, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 1149.13, 'text': "It's a really interesting question to me.", 'start': 1147.509, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1152.392, 'text': "It could be on the layer of language, but it feels like there's multiple layers to this.", 'start': 1149.19, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 1154.172, 'text': 'Like it could be worldview, it could be.', 'start': 1152.512, 'duration': 1.66}, {'end': 1162.977, 'text': 'I mean it all boils down to empathy being able to put yourself in the shoes of the other person, to learn the language, to learn like visually,', 'start': 1154.172, 'duration': 8.805}, {'end': 1166.879, 'text': 'how they see the world, to learn like the.', 'start': 1162.977, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'Challenges in communication and empathy; language and worldview barriers to understanding.', 'duration': 37.989, 'max_score': 1128.89, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1128890.jpg'}], 'start': 503.464, 'title': 'Human behavior prediction and ai empathy challenge', 'summary': 'Explores the predictability of human behavior, demonstrating 93% accuracy in predicting actions with two days of data and highlighting the challenge of fostering empathy and understanding across diverse perspectives in human-ai interaction.', 'chapters': [{'end': 817.119, 'start': 503.464, 'title': 'Predictability of human behavior', 'summary': 'Discusses an experiment tracking human behavior, revealing that with two days of data, 93% accuracy can be achieved in predicting the next action, and clustering people based on behaviors shows high predictability and similarity among individuals.', 'duration': 313.655, 'highlights': ['Through an experiment, it was found that with just two days of data, 93% accuracy can be achieved in predicting the next action of a human being.', 'Clustering people based on their behaviors shows that individuals exhibit high predictability and similarity in their actions, with 99% accuracy in predicting the collective behavior.', 'The experiment involved tracking all infrared activities in the house, revealing that people tend to repeat the same actions consistently over time.', 'It was discovered that individuals are easily predictable as they tend to do the same things repeatedly, even though they may dislike being labeled as such.', 'The speaker suggests that while there are individuals who are very different from others, they still exhibit similarity in behavior with a small percentage, closer to 10%, behaving differently from everyone else.']}, {'end': 1193.413, 'start': 817.139, 'title': 'The challenge of empathy in ai', 'summary': 'Discusses the difficulty in fostering empathy and understanding across different perspectives, emphasizing the importance of overcoming language and worldview barriers in human-ai interaction.', 'duration': 376.274, 'highlights': ['Fostering empathy and understanding across different perspectives is critical in human-AI interaction. The discussion emphasizes the importance of breaking out of silos to promote empathy and understanding between different social and political groups, highlighting the challenge of bridging language and worldview barriers.', 'The difficulty lies in getting individuals to agree on basic definitions and concepts, as they often talk past each other due to differing interpretations of language and ideas. Overcoming the challenge of language and worldview barriers is crucial, as individuals often use the same words with radically different meanings, making it difficult to reach a common understanding and fostering genuine interaction.', 'AI systems can facilitate interaction by slowly moving individuals together, leveraging the concept of partial ordering over ideas or behaviors. The potential for AI systems to facilitate interaction is highlighted, focusing on the concept of partial ordering and the gradual movement of individuals towards understanding, based on the existing network relationships and semantic meanings.']}], 'duration': 689.949, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ503464.jpg', 'highlights': ['With just two days of data, 93% accuracy can be achieved in predicting human actions.', 'Individuals exhibit high predictability and similarity in their actions, with 99% accuracy in predicting collective behavior.', 'People tend to repeat the same actions consistently over time, making them easily predictable.', 'While there are individuals who are very different from others, they still exhibit similarity in behavior with a small percentage, closer to 10%, behaving differently from everyone else.', 'Fostering empathy and understanding across different perspectives is critical in human-AI interaction.', 'Breaking out of silos to promote empathy and understanding between different social and political groups is emphasized.', 'The challenge of bridging language and worldview barriers is highlighted in fostering empathy and understanding.', 'Getting individuals to agree on basic definitions and concepts is difficult, as they often talk past each other due to differing interpretations of language and ideas.', 'AI systems can facilitate interaction by slowly moving individuals together, leveraging the concept of partial ordering over ideas or behaviors.']}, {'end': 1920.778, 'segs': [{'end': 1223.291, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1194.394, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1199.256, 'text': "And I think about on the human level, that's a whole nother discussion.", 'start': 1194.394, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 1201.436, 'text': "That's psychology, that's sociology, so on.", 'start': 1199.296, 'duration': 2.14}, {'end': 1211.922, 'text': "But I wonder if AI systems can help somehow and to bridge the gap of what is this person's life like?", 'start': 1201.796, 'duration': 10.126}, {'end': 1223.291, 'text': 'Encourage me to just ask that question to put myself in their shoes, to experience the agitations, the fears, the hopes they have to experience.', 'start': 1213.143, 'duration': 10.148}], 'summary': 'Can ai help bridge the gap in understanding human experiences?', 'duration': 28.897, 'max_score': 1194.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1194394.jpg'}, {'end': 1287.434, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1245.772, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1251.919, 'text': "but it's unclear how ai can help that, because it seems like ai systems need to understand both parties first.", 'start': 1245.772, 'duration': 6.147}, {'end': 1253.999, 'text': 'So you know the word understand.', 'start': 1252.438, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1254.959, 'text': 'there is doing a lot of work, right?', 'start': 1253.999, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1262.961, 'text': 'So do you have to understand it or do you just simply have to note that there is something similar as a point to touch, right?', 'start': 1255.299, 'duration': 7.662}, {'end': 1268.523, 'text': 'So you know you use the word empathy and I like that word for a lot of reasons.', 'start': 1263.381, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 1273.285, 'text': "I think you're right in the way that you're using and the way that you're describing it, but let's separate it from sympathy, right? So..", 'start': 1268.563, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 1276.787, 'text': 'You know, sympathy is feeling sort of for someone.', 'start': 1274.685, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 1283.932, 'text': "Empathy is kind of understanding where they're coming from and how they feel, right? And for most people, those things go hand in hand.", 'start': 1277.147, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 1287.434, 'text': 'For some people, some are very good at empathy and very bad at sympathy.', 'start': 1283.972, 'duration': 3.462}], 'summary': 'Ai needs to understand both parties, empathy vs sympathy.', 'duration': 41.662, 'max_score': 1245.772, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1245772.jpg'}, {'end': 1482.383, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1461.154, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1473.759, 'text': "enjoy that commonality and There's something sticky about that that my mind will linger on and that person in my mind will become warmer and warmer and I'll start to feel more and more compassion towards them.", 'start': 1461.154, 'duration': 12.605}, {'end': 1479.421, 'text': "I think for majority of the population, that's true, but that might be, that's a hypothesis.", 'start': 1474.299, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 1482.383, 'text': "Yeah, I mean, it's an empirical question, right? You'd have to figure it out.", 'start': 1479.662, 'duration': 2.721}], 'summary': 'Commonality fosters compassion; a hypothesis to be empirically tested.', 'duration': 21.229, 'max_score': 1461.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1461154.jpg'}, {'end': 1567.956, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1539.793, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1547.86, 'text': "being forced to deal with someone as a person some equivalent to being in the same room uh, makes a huge difference, because then you're one.", 'start': 1539.793, 'duration': 8.067}, {'end': 1550.302, 'text': "you're forced to deal with their humanity because it's in front of you.", 'start': 1547.86, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 1553.545, 'text': 'the other is, of course, that, uh, you know they might punch you in the face if you go too far.', 'start': 1550.302, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 1557.389, 'text': 'so you know both of those things kind of work together, i think, to the to the right end.', 'start': 1553.545, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 1567.956, 'text': 'so i think bringing people together is really a kind of substitute for forcing them to see the humanity in another person and to not be able to treat them as bits.', 'start': 1557.389, 'duration': 10.567}], 'summary': 'Forced interaction fosters empathy and discourages dehumanization, potentially preventing conflict.', 'duration': 28.163, 'max_score': 1539.793, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1539793.jpg'}, {'end': 1743.352, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1719.574, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1725.918, 'text': 'I tend to think of ML and there are many people out there are going to be very upset at me about this but I tend to think of ML being much more concerned with the engineering of solving a problem.', 'start': 1719.574, 'duration': 6.344}, {'end': 1730.181, 'text': 'and AI about the sort of more philosophical goal of true intelligence.', 'start': 1726.478, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 1735.826, 'text': "And that's the thing that motivates me, even if I end up finding myself living in this kind of engineering-ish space.", 'start': 1730.382, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 1737.788, 'text': "I've now made Michael Jordan upset.", 'start': 1736.106, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 1741.591, 'text': 'But you know, to me, they just feel very different.', 'start': 1737.828, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 1743.352, 'text': "You're just measuring them differently.", 'start': 1741.611, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Ml focuses on engineering problem-solving, ai on philosophical goal of true intelligence.', 'duration': 23.778, 'max_score': 1719.574, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1719574.jpg'}, {'end': 1842.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1815.614, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1820.698, 'text': "We're hardwired to like find intention, even whether there is no intention, why we anthropomorphize everything.", 'start': 1815.614, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 1829.386, 'text': 'I think the interactive AI part is being intelligent in and of myself in isolation is a meaningless act in some sense.', 'start': 1821.059, 'duration': 8.327}, {'end': 1833.47, 'text': 'the correct answer is you have to be intelligent in the way that you interact with others.', 'start': 1830.547, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 1839.136, 'text': "It's also efficient because it allows you to learn faster because you can import from past history.", 'start': 1833.53, 'duration': 5.606}, {'end': 1842.2, 'text': 'It also allows you to be efficient in the transmission of that.', 'start': 1839.837, 'duration': 2.363}], 'summary': 'Anthropomorphizing ai helps in efficient interaction and learning from past history.', 'duration': 26.586, 'max_score': 1815.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1815614.jpg'}, {'end': 1882.78, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1853.608, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1859.832, 'text': 'And so I think that notion of being intelligent with others is kind of the key thing, because otherwise you come and you go,', 'start': 1853.608, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 1861.233, 'text': "and then it doesn't matter.", 'start': 1859.832, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 1864.234, 'text': "And so that's why I care about that aspect of it.", 'start': 1861.653, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1866.976, 'text': 'And it has lots of other implications.', 'start': 1864.635, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1872.846, 'text': "One is not just building something intelligent with others, but understanding that you can't always communicate with those others.", 'start': 1867.759, 'duration': 5.087}, {'end': 1876.491, 'text': "They have been in a room where there's a clock on the wall that you haven't seen,", 'start': 1873.167, 'duration': 3.324}, {'end': 1882.78, 'text': 'which means you have to spend an enormous amount of time communicating with one another constantly in order to figure out what each other wants right?', 'start': 1876.491, 'duration': 6.289}], 'summary': "Building intelligence with others is key; communication is essential for understanding each other's needs.", 'duration': 29.172, 'max_score': 1853.608, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1853608.jpg'}], 'start': 1194.394, 'title': "Ai's role in fostering empathy and interactive ai", 'summary': "Explores ai's potential to foster empathy by encouraging compassion and humanizing interactions, with a focus on social media dynamics and psychological aspects. it also discusses the intersection of machine learning and ai, emphasizing the goal of building truly intelligent artifacts and the importance of social interaction in intelligence, while exploring the distinction between ml and ai.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1571.419, 'start': 1194.394, 'title': "Ai's role in fostering empathy", 'summary': 'Explores the potential for ai systems to bridge the gap of understanding and empathy between individuals by identifying commonalities, encouraging compassion, and humanizing interactions, ultimately aiming to foster empathy and connection, with a focus on social media dynamics and the psychological aspect of empathy.', 'duration': 377.025, 'highlights': ['AI can help bridge the gap of understanding and empathy by identifying commonalities between individuals. N/A', 'Encouraging compassion and humanizing interactions through the identification of commonalities can foster empathy and connection among individuals. N/A', "The psychological aspect of empathy and the distinction between empathy and sympathy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of understanding others' perspectives. N/A", 'The impact of social media dynamics on humanizing interactions and fostering empathy is highlighted, with a focus on the potential of AI to facilitate the discovery of commonalities and encourage compassion. N/A', 'The significance of face-to-face interactions and the humanizing effect of personal engagement in fostering empathy and preventing dismissiveness are explored. N/A']}, {'end': 1920.778, 'start': 1572.842, 'title': 'Interactive ai: goals and challenges', 'summary': 'Discusses the intersection of machine learning and ai, emphasizing the goal of building truly intelligent artifacts and the importance of social interaction in intelligence, while also exploring the distinction between ml and ai.', 'duration': 347.936, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the goal of building truly intelligent artifacts. The speaker shares his passion for the overarching goal of building intelligent artifacts that are at least as intelligent and interesting as humans.', 'The chapter discusses the importance of social interaction in intelligence. The speaker emphasizes the significance of being intelligent in the way one interacts with others, highlighting the efficient learning and transmission of knowledge through interactions.', 'The chapter explores the distinction between machine learning and AI. The speaker differentiates between machine learning, which is more concerned with the engineering of problem-solving, and AI, which is focused on the philosophical goal of true intelligence.']}], 'duration': 726.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1194394.jpg', 'highlights': ['AI can help bridge the gap of understanding and empathy by identifying commonalities between individuals.', 'Encouraging compassion and humanizing interactions through the identification of commonalities can foster empathy and connection among individuals.', "The psychological aspect of empathy and the distinction between empathy and sympathy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of understanding others' perspectives.", 'The impact of social media dynamics on humanizing interactions and fostering empathy is highlighted, with a focus on the potential of AI to facilitate the discovery of commonalities and encourage compassion.', 'The significance of face-to-face interactions and the humanizing effect of personal engagement in fostering empathy and preventing dismissiveness are explored.', 'The chapter emphasizes the goal of building truly intelligent artifacts. The speaker shares his passion for the overarching goal of building intelligent artifacts that are at least as intelligent and interesting as humans.', 'The chapter discusses the importance of social interaction in intelligence. The speaker emphasizes the significance of being intelligent in the way one interacts with others, highlighting the efficient learning and transmission of knowledge through interactions.', 'The chapter explores the distinction between machine learning and AI. The speaker differentiates between machine learning, which is more concerned with the engineering of problem-solving, and AI, which is focused on the philosophical goal of true intelligence.']}, {'end': 3225.737, 'segs': [{'end': 2060.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2029.529, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2034.734, 'text': "I don't think they spend a lot of time on learning period, in the sense that they tend to be very task focused.", 'start': 2029.529, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 2038.298, 'text': 'Everybody is overfitting to whatever problem is they happen to have.', 'start': 2035.175, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 2040.901, 'text': "They're overengineering their solutions to the task.", 'start': 2038.318, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 2046.024, 'text': 'Even the people and I think these people too are trying to solve a hard problem of transfer learning right?', 'start': 2041.542, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 2048.344, 'text': "I'm going to learn on one task, I'm going to learn the other task.", 'start': 2046.064, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 2049.585, 'text': 'You still end up creating the task.', 'start': 2048.364, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 2054.368, 'text': "You know, it's like looking for your keys where the light is, because that's where the light is, right? It's not because the keys have to be there.", 'start': 2049.606, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 2058.35, 'text': 'I mean, one could argue that we tend to do this in general.', 'start': 2054.928, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 2060.551, 'text': 'We tend to kind of do it as a group.', 'start': 2058.389, 'duration': 2.162}], 'summary': 'People overfocus on tasks, overengineering solutions, and struggle with transfer learning.', 'duration': 31.022, 'max_score': 2029.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2029529.jpg'}, {'end': 2152.13, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2113.732, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2116.234, 'text': "there's all of AI and there's like nothing in the middle.", 'start': 2113.732, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 2118.536, 'text': "Like it's very hard to get from here to here.", 'start': 2116.574, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 2121.698, 'text': "And it's very hard to see how to get from here to here.", 'start': 2118.796, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 2128.103, 'text': "And I don't think that we've done a very good job of it because we get stuck trying to solve the small problem that's in front of it, myself included.", 'start': 2121.718, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 2130.945, 'text': "I'm not gonna pretend that I'm better at this than anyone else.", 'start': 2128.123, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 2138.931, 'text': 'And of course, all the incentives in academia and in industry are set to make that very hard because you have to get the next paper out.', 'start': 2131.466, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 2140.432, 'text': 'You have to get the next product out.', 'start': 2138.951, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2141.653, 'text': 'You have to solve this problem.', 'start': 2140.453, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 2143.395, 'text': "And it's very sort of naturally incremental.", 'start': 2141.894, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2152.13, 'text': "And none of the incentives are set up to allow you to take a huge risk unless you're already so well established you can take that big risk.", 'start': 2143.915, 'duration': 8.215}], 'summary': 'Challenges in ai development due to incremental focus and lack of incentives for risk-taking.', 'duration': 38.398, 'max_score': 2113.732, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2113732.jpg'}, {'end': 2252.716, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2221.859, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2227.805, 'text': "Not rerunning the same experiment over and over again and refining the machine so it's slightly better at whatever, but actually,", 'start': 2221.859, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 2234.471, 'text': 'having it out there and living in the chaos of the world and seeing what its learning algorithm say,', 'start': 2227.805, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 2237.053, 'text': 'can learn what data structure it can build and how it can go from there.', 'start': 2234.471, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 2239.075, 'text': "Without that, you're going to be stuck all the time.", 'start': 2237.413, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 2244.672, 'text': 'What do you think about the possibility of N equals one growing?', 'start': 2239.81, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 2252.716, 'text': "it's probably crude approximation, but growing like if you look at language models like GPT-3, if you just make it big enough,", 'start': 2244.672, 'duration': 8.044}], 'summary': 'Experimenting with machine learning in real-world chaos to learn data structure and adapt. potential for n=1 growth.', 'duration': 30.857, 'max_score': 2221.859, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2221859.jpg'}, {'end': 2500.291, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2465.146, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2470.01, 'text': "So I'm very grateful for Google, but they just have to make certain the first five things are right.", 'start': 2465.146, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 2472.553, 'text': 'And everything after that is wrong.', 'start': 2471.272, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 2479.296, 'text': "Look, I know we're going off on a totally different topic here, Think about the way we hire faculty.", 'start': 2472.753, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 2480.999, 'text': "It's exactly the same thing.", 'start': 2479.716, 'duration': 1.283}, {'end': 2482.641, 'text': 'Not getting controversial.', 'start': 2481.479, 'duration': 1.162}, {'end': 2483.703, 'text': 'Not getting controversial.', 'start': 2482.802, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 2489.153, 'text': "It's exactly the same problem, right? It's minimizing false positives.", 'start': 2484.565, 'duration': 4.588}, {'end': 2500.291, 'text': 'We say things like we wanna find the best person to be an assistant professor at MIT, in the new College of Computing, which, I will point out,', 'start': 2490.509, 'duration': 9.782}], 'summary': 'Google needs to ensure first 5 things are right. hiring faculty has similar problem of minimizing false positives.', 'duration': 35.145, 'max_score': 2465.146, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2465146.jpg'}, {'end': 2547.06, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2517.894, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2519.314, 'text': "That's what we say, the best person for this job.", 'start': 2517.894, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2521.735, 'text': "But that's not what we do at all right?", 'start': 2519.614, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2530.418, 'text': 'Do you know which percentage of faculty in the top four earn their PhDs from the top four? Say in 2017,', 'start': 2522.535, 'duration': 7.883}, {'end': 2532.538, 'text': 'for which we have which is the most recent year for which I have data.', 'start': 2530.418, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 2534.039, 'text': 'Maybe a large percentage.', 'start': 2532.878, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2535.059, 'text': 'About 60%.', 'start': 2534.279, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 2538.48, 'text': '60 60% of the faculty in the top four earn their PhDs in the top four.', 'start': 2535.059, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 2539.321, 'text': 'This is computer science.', 'start': 2538.5, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 2541.161, 'text': 'Yeah For which there is no top five.', 'start': 2539.841, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 2543.222, 'text': "There's only a top four, right? Because they're all tied for one.", 'start': 2541.201, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2547.06, 'text': "For people who don't know, by the way, that would be MIT Stanford, Berkeley, CMU.", 'start': 2543.459, 'duration': 3.601}], 'summary': 'Approximately 60% of faculty in the top four computer science institutions earned their phds from the same four institutions in 2017.', 'duration': 29.166, 'max_score': 2517.894, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2517894.jpg'}, {'end': 2879.735, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2850.798, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2852.439, 'text': 'But let me tell you something else.', 'start': 2850.798, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 2854.399, 'text': 'I did a sort of study.', 'start': 2853.439, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 2855.059, 'text': 'I call it a study.', 'start': 2854.439, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 2858.22, 'text': 'I called up eight of my friends and asked them for all of their data for graduate admissions.', 'start': 2855.079, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 2860.24, 'text': 'But then someone else followed up and did an actual study.', 'start': 2858.26, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 2865.421, 'text': 'And it turns out that I can tell you how everybody gets into grad school more or less.', 'start': 2860.76, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 2866.942, 'text': 'more or less.', 'start': 2866.482, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 2870.366, 'text': 'You basically admit everyone from places higher ranked than you.', 'start': 2868.083, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 2874.65, 'text': 'You admit most people from places ranked around you and you admit almost no one from places ranked below you,', 'start': 2870.726, 'duration': 3.924}, {'end': 2878.634, 'text': "with the exception of the small liberal arts colleges that aren't ranked at all, like Harvey Mudd, because they don't.", 'start': 2874.65, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 2879.735, 'text': "they don't have PhDs, so they aren't ranked.", 'start': 2878.634, 'duration': 1.101}], 'summary': 'Friend study reveals grad school admissions trends based on ranking, admitting higher-ranked, some from same rank, few from lower-ranked.', 'duration': 28.937, 'max_score': 2850.798, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2850798.jpg'}, {'end': 3015.109, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2990.256, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2998.544, 'text': 'so us news has formula that it uses for many things, but not for computer science, because computer science is considered a science, which is absurd.', 'start': 2990.256, 'duration': 8.288}, {'end': 3002.448, 'text': 'so the rankings for computer science, yeah, is 100 reputation.', 'start': 2998.544, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 3009.127, 'text': 'So two people at each department.', 'start': 3005.066, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 3013.169, 'text': "it's not really a department whatever at each department, basically rank everybody.", 'start': 3009.127, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 3015.109, 'text': 'Slightly more complicated than that.', 'start': 3014.069, 'duration': 1.04}], 'summary': 'Us news ranks computer science with 100 reputation, using a unique formula.', 'duration': 24.853, 'max_score': 2990.256, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ2990256.jpg'}, {'end': 3060.637, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3036.412, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3043.134, 'text': "Not just because I'm at Georgia Tech, but because Georgia Tech is the only computing unit that was not in the top 20 that has made it into the top 10.", 'start': 3036.412, 'duration': 6.722}, {'end': 3051.01, 'text': "It's also the only one in the last two decades, I think, that moved up in the top 10.", 'start': 3043.134, 'duration': 7.876}, {'end': 3052.751, 'text': 'as opposed to having someone else move down.', 'start': 3051.01, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 3059.476, 'text': 'So we used to be number 10 and then we became number nine because UT Austin went down slightly and now we were tied for ninth,', 'start': 3053.292, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 3060.637, 'text': "because that's how rankings work.", 'start': 3059.476, 'duration': 1.161}], 'summary': "Georgia tech's computing unit moved from top 20 to top 10, becoming tied for ninth due to ut austin's decline.", 'duration': 24.225, 'max_score': 3036.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3036412.jpg'}, {'end': 3130.641, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3105.228, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3110.291, 'text': 'I think we created schools at a time when most public universities anyway were afraid to do it.', 'start': 3105.228, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 3111.571, 'text': 'We did the online masters.', 'start': 3110.331, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 3116.994, 'text': 'And that mattered because people were trying to figure out what to do with MOOCs and so on.', 'start': 3113.412, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 3121.796, 'text': "I think it's about being observed by your peers and having an impact.", 'start': 3117.314, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 3124.057, 'text': 'So I mean that is what reputation is right?', 'start': 3122.236, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 3130.641, 'text': "So the way you move up in the reputation rankings is by doing something that makes people turn and look at you and say that's good.", 'start': 3124.297, 'duration': 6.344}], 'summary': 'Creating online masters during mooc era to enhance reputation and impact.', 'duration': 25.413, 'max_score': 3105.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3105228.jpg'}], 'start': 1920.838, 'title': 'Ai challenges and university impact', 'summary': 'Highlights challenges of lifelong learning in ai, emphasizing adaptable models and inadequacy of machine learning systems, the importance of deploying ai in chaotic environments, faculty hiring challenges in computer science, and the impact of university rankings and reputation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2186.853, 'start': 1920.838, 'title': 'Challenges of lifelong learning in ai', 'summary': 'Highlights the challenges of lifelong learning in ai, emphasizing the need for adaptable models and the inadequacy of current machine learning systems in capturing temporally rich information about individuals.', 'duration': 266.015, 'highlights': ['Current AI systems are primarily task-focused and overengineered, lacking adaptability for lifelong learning. The machine learning community tends to overfit to specific tasks and lacks focus on lifelong learning, hindering adaptability for changing models and individuals over time.', 'Incentives in academia and industry discourage taking big risks, slowing down progress in addressing the gap in AI learning capabilities. The existing incentive structure in academia and industry discourages taking significant risks, contributing to the slow progress in bridging the gap in AI learning capabilities.', 'Emphasizing the need to move beyond solving single tasks and to broaden the scope to address multiple problems for progress in AI learning. Advocating for a shift from focusing on single tasks to addressing multiple problems, such as moving from n equals one to n equal two or seven, to advance AI learning capabilities.']}, {'end': 2464.125, 'start': 2186.933, 'title': 'Deploying ai in chaotic environments', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of deploying machine learning algorithms in real-world, chaotic environments, rather than relying on refining the technology through repeated experiments, highlighting the impact of google's approach to information retrieval.", 'duration': 277.192, 'highlights': ['Deploying machine learning algorithms in real-world, chaotic environments is crucial for meaningful progress, rather than relying on repeated experiments to refine the technology. Emphasizes the importance of deploying AI in real-world environments, rather than refining through experiments', "Google's approach to information retrieval has shifted the problem from finding relevant information to minimizing false positives, showcasing the impact of real-world application on problem definition. Google's approach to information retrieval has shifted from finding relevant information to minimizing false positives", 'The chapter raises questions about the true nature of learning and problem-solving in the context of AI and machine learning, highlighting the potential for redefining problems and goals through real-world implementation. Raises questions about the true nature of learning and problem-solving in AI']}, {'end': 2926.241, 'start': 2465.146, 'title': 'Faculty hiring challenges in computer science', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges in faculty hiring, highlighting that a large percentage of faculty in the top four computer science departments earned their phds from the top four, entrenching historical inequities and accidents, and emphasizing the pressure to minimize false positives in hiring, similar to google's approach to search results.", 'duration': 461.095, 'highlights': ['A large percentage of faculty in the top four computer science departments earned their PhDs from the top four, entrenching historical inequities and accidents. Approximately 60% of the faculty in the top four computer science departments earned their PhDs from the top four, indicating a concentration of faculty from a limited number of institutions, leading to historical inequities and accidents in faculty hiring.', "Pressure to minimize false positives in hiring, similar to Google's approach to search results. The pressure to get faculty hiring right leads to a focus on minimizing false positives, where the emphasis is on saying yes inappropriately rather than saying no inappropriately, drawing parallels with Google's approach to ensuring the accuracy of search results in the first few pages.", "Admissions into graduate programs are influenced by the rankings of the undergraduate institutions, impacting future opportunities in academia. The decision of becoming a professor at certain universities is determined by the undergraduate institution's ranking, reflecting how admissions into graduate programs are influenced by the rankings of the undergraduate institutions, affecting future opportunities in academia."]}, {'end': 3225.737, 'start': 2926.681, 'title': 'University rankings and reputation', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of university rankings, with a focus on us news and world report, as well as the strategies and factors influencing reputation rankings, exemplified by georgia tech's rise in computer science rankings and the role of reputation in maintaining institutional greatness.", 'duration': 299.056, 'highlights': ["Georgia Tech's rise in computer science rankings from outside the top 20 to the top 10 and its unique positioning as the only computing unit to have moved up in the top 10 in the last two decades, showcasing its effective reputation-building strategies.", "The methodology used by US News for computer science rankings, which heavily relies on reputation and the impact of strategies like using social media, exemplified by Georgia Tech's success in improving reputation and ranking.", "The importance of reputation in university rankings and the impact of notable achievements, such as Georgia Tech's pioneering initiatives in education and computing, in enhancing institutional reputation and ranking.", "The discussion of how MIT's strong reputation and positive feedback loop contribute to attracting the best students, highlighting the significance of reputation in maintaining institutional greatness."]}], 'duration': 1304.899, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ1920838.jpg', 'highlights': ['Deploying AI in real-world environments is crucial for meaningful progress', 'Emphasizes the need to move beyond solving single tasks for progress in AI learning', 'The existing incentive structure in academia and industry discourages taking significant risks', 'Advocating for a shift from focusing on single tasks to addressing multiple problems', 'The machine learning community tends to overfit to specific tasks, hindering adaptability', 'Approximately 60% of faculty in the top four computer science departments earned their PhDs from the top four', "Pressure to minimize false positives in faculty hiring, similar to Google's approach to search results", 'Admissions into graduate programs are influenced by the rankings of the undergraduate institutions', "Georgia Tech's rise in computer science rankings showcases its effective reputation-building strategies", 'The methodology used by US News for computer science rankings heavily relies on reputation', 'The importance of reputation in university rankings and the impact of notable achievements']}, {'end': 3802.012, 'segs': [{'end': 3290.347, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3225.777, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3227.818, 'text': "And it just kind of, it's a sort of positive feedback.", 'start': 3225.777, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 3228.859, 'text': 'But you said something earlier.', 'start': 3227.858, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 3232.759, 'text': 'which I think is worth examining for a moment, right?', 'start': 3230.438, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 3233.739, 'text': "You said it's.", 'start': 3232.799, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 3234.76, 'text': 'I forget the word you used.', 'start': 3233.739, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 3239.642, 'text': "you said we're living in the space of narrative as opposed to something objective.", 'start': 3234.76, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 3241.002, 'text': 'Narrative is objective.', 'start': 3240.122, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 3244.804, 'text': 'I mean, one could argue that the only thing that we do as humans is narrative.', 'start': 3241.222, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 3247.605, 'text': 'We just build stories to explain why we do the things we do.', 'start': 3244.904, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 3250.146, 'text': "Someone once asked me, but wait, there's nothing objective.", 'start': 3248.065, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 3250.526, 'text': "No, it's..", 'start': 3250.246, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 3252.947, 'text': 'completely an objective measure.', 'start': 3251.306, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 3256.19, 'text': "it's an objective measure of the opinions of everybody else.", 'start': 3252.947, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 3259.492, 'text': 'yeah, now is that physics?', 'start': 3256.19, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 3262.554, 'text': "i don't know, but you know what i mean.", 'start': 3259.492, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 3265.796, 'text': 'tell me something you think is actually objective and measurable in a way that makes sense.', 'start': 3262.554, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 3268.959, 'text': "like cameras, they don't.", 'start': 3265.796, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 3269.879, 'text': 'do you know that?', 'start': 3268.959, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 3271.14, 'text': "i mean you're getting me off on something.", 'start': 3269.879, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 3272.101, 'text': 'but do you know that?', 'start': 3271.14, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 3280.755, 'text': 'um cameras which are just reflecting light and putting them on film like, did not work for dark-skinned people until like the 1970s?', 'start': 3272.101, 'duration': 8.654}, {'end': 3283.42, 'text': 'You know why?', 'start': 3282.759, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 3290.347, 'text': 'Because you were building cameras for the people who were gonna buy cameras, who all, at least in the United States and Western Europe,', 'start': 3283.72, 'duration': 6.627}], 'summary': "The discussion touches on the subjective nature of narrative and the objective measure of opinions, with a mention of camera technology's bias until the 1970s.", 'duration': 64.57, 'max_score': 3225.777, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3225777.jpg'}, {'end': 3460.761, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3434.418, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3441.861, 'text': 'Well, I think the answer is we have told ourselves a story, a narrative, that that is vulgar.', 'start': 3434.418, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 3443.402, 'text': 'What you just described is vulgar.', 'start': 3442.222, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 3446.063, 'text': "It's certainly unscientific, right?", 'start': 3443.922, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3454.737, 'text': "It is easy to convince yourself that in some ways, you're the mathematician, right?", 'start': 3448.214, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 3460.761, 'text': 'The fewer there are in your major, the more that proves your purity, right?', 'start': 3455.338, 'duration': 5.423}], 'summary': 'The belief that certain behaviors are unscientific and impure is a common narrative in the field.', 'duration': 26.343, 'max_score': 3434.418, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3434418.jpg'}, {'end': 3655.741, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3619.802, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3620.603, 'text': "It's a training process.", 'start': 3619.802, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 3627.853, 'text': 'It teaches you to behave in a certain way, to think in a certain way, to accept certain values and to react accordingly.', 'start': 3622.17, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 3630.574, 'text': 'And the better you are at that, the more likely you are to earn tenure.', 'start': 3628.053, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 3632.515, 'text': 'And by the way, this is not a bad thing.', 'start': 3630.934, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 3633.515, 'text': 'Most things are like that.', 'start': 3632.655, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 3640.578, 'text': "And I think most of my colleagues are interested in doing great work and they're just having impact in the way that they want to have impact.", 'start': 3634.816, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 3655.741, 'text': 'I do think that as a field not just as a field, as a profession, we have a habit of belittling those who are popular as it were,', 'start': 3642.359, 'duration': 13.382}], 'summary': 'Training process shapes behavior, thinking, values, and impacts earning tenure; colleagues aim for impactful work.', 'duration': 35.939, 'max_score': 3619.802, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3619802.jpg'}], 'start': 3225.777, 'title': 'The role of narrative and biases in human behavior', 'summary': 'Delves into the predominant influence of narrative in human behavior, emphasizing how individuals construct stories to explain their actions. it also examines the effects of biases in technology and academia, shedding light on their influence on engineering choices and academic narratives, ultimately impacting knowledge dissemination and public perception of intellectuals.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3265.796, 'start': 3225.777, 'title': 'The power of narrative in human behavior', 'summary': 'Discusses the role of narrative in human behavior, suggesting that humans primarily operate within the space of narrative and construct stories to explain their actions, highlighting the subjective nature of human perception and behavior.', 'duration': 40.019, 'highlights': ['Humans primarily operate within the space of narrative, constructing stories to explain their actions, suggesting the subjective nature of human perception and behavior.', 'The only thing that humans do is narrative, building stories to explain their actions.', 'Narrative can be considered objective as it measures the opinions of everybody else, indicating the influence of collective perspectives on human behavior.', 'The subjective nature of human behavior is highlighted by the statement that there is nothing objective, and even objective measures are essentially based on collective opinions.']}, {'end': 3802.012, 'start': 3265.796, 'title': 'Biases in technology and academia', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of biases in technology and academia, revealing how decisions made by real human beings have influenced engineering choices and the lack of diversity in academic narratives, ultimately impacting the way knowledge is disseminated and public intellectuals are perceived.', 'duration': 536.216, 'highlights': ['Cameras were designed to cater to lighter-skinned individuals, leading to the exclusion of dark-skinned individuals in photography until the 1970s, highlighting the impact of biases in technology on marginalized communities.', 'The lack of diversity in academic narratives is influenced by societal perceptions of what is considered vulgar, leading to a narrow approach in academia and a reluctance to engage in more engaging and controversial forms of public discourse.', 'The concept of tenure in academia acts as a training process, shaping individuals to conform to specific values and behaviors, ultimately impacting the way knowledge is disseminated and public intellectuals are perceived.']}], 'duration': 576.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3225777.jpg', 'highlights': ['Humans primarily operate within the space of narrative, constructing stories to explain their actions, suggesting the subjective nature of human perception and behavior.', 'The only thing that humans do is narrative, building stories to explain their actions.', 'Narrative can be considered objective as it measures the opinions of everybody else, indicating the influence of collective perspectives on human behavior.', 'The subjective nature of human behavior is highlighted by the statement that there is nothing objective, and even objective measures are essentially based on collective opinions.', 'Cameras were designed to cater to lighter-skinned individuals, leading to the exclusion of dark-skinned individuals in photography until the 1970s, highlighting the impact of biases in technology on marginalized communities.', 'The lack of diversity in academic narratives is influenced by societal perceptions of what is considered vulgar, leading to a narrow approach in academia and a reluctance to engage in more engaging and controversial forms of public discourse.', 'The concept of tenure in academia acts as a training process, shaping individuals to conform to specific values and behaviors, ultimately impacting the way knowledge is disseminated and public intellectuals are perceived.']}, {'end': 4517.625, 'segs': [{'end': 3840.442, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3802.012, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3809.256, 'text': "he did amazing things, made a lot of his bones by doing the kind of uh counterintuitive and saying, no, you're doing this all wrong.", 'start': 3802.012, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 3810.778, 'text': 'Representation is crazy.', 'start': 3809.777, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 3812.059, 'text': 'The world is your own representation.', 'start': 3810.798, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 3812.66, 'text': 'You just react to it.', 'start': 3812.079, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 3817.464, 'text': "I mean, he did amazing things and continues to do those sorts of things as he's moved on.", 'start': 3812.68, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 3818.886, 'text': 'I have.', 'start': 3817.965, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 3820.928, 'text': 'I think he might tell you.', 'start': 3818.886, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 3826.213, 'text': "I don't know if he would tell you it was good or bad, but I know that for everyone else out there in the world it was a good thing.", 'start': 3820.928, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 3828.315, 'text': 'And certainly he continued to be respected.', 'start': 3826.253, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 3830.617, 'text': "So it's not as if it destroyed his career by being popular.", 'start': 3828.355, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 3840.442, 'text': "All right, let's go into a topic where I'm on thin ice, because I grew up in the Soviet Union and Russia and my knowledge of music,", 'start': 3832.079, 'duration': 8.363}], 'summary': 'Individual made a significant impact and continued to be respected despite challenges.', 'duration': 38.43, 'max_score': 3802.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3802012.jpg'}, {'end': 4031.884, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4001.091, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4001.671, 'text': "Let's keep going.", 'start': 4001.091, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 4003.754, 'text': 'Hip hop is a culture.', 'start': 4002.392, 'duration': 1.362}, {'end': 4006.437, 'text': "It's a whole set of things, of which rap is a part.", 'start': 4004.354, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 4008.018, 'text': 'So tagging is a part of hip hop.', 'start': 4006.677, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4012.303, 'text': "I don't know why that's true, but people tell me it's true and I'm willing to go along with it because they get very angry about it.", 'start': 4008.279, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 4013.905, 'text': 'Tagging is like graffiti.', 'start': 4012.643, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 4014.866, 'text': 'Tagging is like graffiti.', 'start': 4014.005, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 4018.95, 'text': "And there's all these, including the popping and the locking and all the dancing and all those things.", 'start': 4015.847, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 4020.071, 'text': "That's all a part of hip hop.", 'start': 4018.97, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 4022.974, 'text': "It's a way of life, which I think is true.", 'start': 4020.432, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 4024.396, 'text': "And then there's rap, which is this particular.", 'start': 4023.014, 'duration': 1.382}, {'end': 4025.917, 'text': "It's the music part.", 'start': 4025.157, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 4027.779, 'text': 'Yes, or a music part.', 'start': 4025.997, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 4031.884, 'text': "I mean, you wouldn't call the stuff that DJs do the scratching.", 'start': 4029.001, 'duration': 2.883}], 'summary': 'Hip hop culture includes rap, tagging, and various dances.', 'duration': 30.793, 'max_score': 4001.091, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4001091.jpg'}, {'end': 4227.642, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4182.767, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4183.546, 'text': "Everything's the same way.", 'start': 4182.767, 'duration': 0.779}, {'end': 4184.647, 'text': "They're all cultural artifacts.", 'start': 4183.647, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 4191.729, 'text': "But I would help you to see that there's a history of it and how it connects to other genres of music that you might like to bring you in,", 'start': 4184.867, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 4194.391, 'text': 'so that you could kind of see how it connects to what you already like,', 'start': 4191.729, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 4201.014, 'text': "including some of the good work that's been done with fusions of hip hop and bluegrass.", 'start': 4194.391, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 4203.015, 'text': 'Oh, no.', 'start': 4202.675, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 4205.936, 'text': "Yes Some of it's even good.", 'start': 4203.295, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 4209.158, 'text': 'Not all of it, but some of it is good.', 'start': 4207.077, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 4211.939, 'text': "But I'd start you with It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back.", 'start': 4209.698, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 4219.997, 'text': "There's an interesting tradition in, like more modern hip hop, of integrating almost like classic rock songs or whatever,", 'start': 4212.432, 'duration': 7.565}, {'end': 4225.101, 'text': 'like integrating into their music, into the beat, into the whatever.', 'start': 4219.997, 'duration': 5.104}, {'end': 4226.442, 'text': "It's kind of interesting.", 'start': 4225.581, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 4227.642, 'text': 'It gives a whole new..', 'start': 4226.522, 'duration': 1.12}], 'summary': 'History of music genres, hip hop and bluegrass fusion, connecting with classic rock.', 'duration': 44.875, 'max_score': 4182.767, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4182767.jpg'}, {'end': 4442.916, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4415.394, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4420.976, 'text': "And it's sad that, for the most part, what I see, like you, look at like mumble, rap or whatever.", 'start': 4415.394, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 4425.438, 'text': "they're moving away from lyrics and more towards the beat and the musicality of it.", 'start': 4420.976, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 4426.839, 'text': "I've always been a fan of the lyrics.", 'start': 4425.678, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 4436.047, 'text': 'In fact, if you go back and you read my reviews, which I recently was rereading Man fuck I wrote my last review the month I graduated,', 'start': 4426.899, 'duration': 9.148}, {'end': 4438.471, 'text': 'when I got my PhD, which says something about something.', 'start': 4436.047, 'duration': 2.424}, {'end': 4439.452, 'text': "I'm not sure what though.", 'start': 4438.511, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 4442.916, 'text': "I always would, I don't always, but I often would start with, it's all about the lyrics.", 'start': 4440.193, 'duration': 2.723}], 'summary': 'The speaker laments the shift from lyrics to beat in music, emphasizing his preference for lyrics.', 'duration': 27.522, 'max_score': 4415.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4415394.jpg'}], 'start': 3802.012, 'title': "Individual's impact", 'summary': "Discusses an individual's unconventional approach and its impact on his career, highlighting positive reception and respect despite challenges, with mention of his background. it also delves into the culture of hip hop, explaining its connection to funk, influence on music, and differentiation between hip hop as a culture and rap as a music component, while providing examples of influential albums and artists.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3840.442, 'start': 3802.012, 'title': 'Challenging conventional wisdom', 'summary': "Discusses the individual's unconventional approach and its impact on his career, highlighting the positive reception and respect he received despite the challenges, with a mention of his background in the soviet union and russia.", 'duration': 38.43, 'highlights': ["The individual's unconventional approach was well-received, as it brought positive impact on his career and earned him respect, despite potential challenges.", "The individual's ability to challenge conventional wisdom and continue to be respected signifies the positive impact of his approach on his career.", "The individual's background in the Soviet Union and Russia influences his knowledge of music and may have shaped his unconventional approach."]}, {'end': 4517.625, 'start': 3840.442, 'title': 'Understanding hip hop and funk', 'summary': 'Delves into the culture of hip hop, explaining its connection to funk, its influence on music, and the differentiation between hip hop as a culture and rap as a music component, while providing examples of influential albums and artists.', 'duration': 677.183, 'highlights': ['Hip hop is a culture encompassing various elements including rap, tagging, dance, and a way of life, while rap is specifically the music part. Hip hop is described as a culture that includes rap, tagging, dance, and a way of life, distinct from rap which is specifically the music part. This provides a clear distinction and understanding of the different elements of hip hop.', "Influential hip hop albums and artists such as Public Enemy's 'It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back' and Mos Def are recommended for understanding the genre. Recommendations for influential hip hop albums and artists are provided, including Public Enemy's 'It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back' and Mos Def, offering a starting point for understanding the genre.", 'The tradition of integrating classic rock and old R&B songs into hip hop, as well as the role of DJs in bringing music together and creating new sounds, is highlighted. The tradition of integrating classic rock and old R&B songs into hip hop, as well as the role of DJs in bringing music together and creating new sounds, is emphasized, providing insight into the evolution of hip hop and its musical influences.', 'The shift in lyrics in modern hip hop from political and profound themes to a focus on beat and musicality is lamented, with a preference for the depth found in rap lyrics. The shift in modern hip hop lyrics from political and profound themes to a focus on beat and musicality is lamented, expressing a preference for the depth found in rap lyrics, providing insight into the lyrical evolution within the genre.', "Exploration of the influence and fusion of hip hop with other music genres, such as bluegrass, and the continuous sampling and reinterpretation of music from different eras is discussed. The influence and fusion of hip hop with other music genres, such as bluegrass, and the continuous sampling and reinterpretation of music from different eras is explored, demonstrating the genre's adaptability and evolution."]}], 'duration': 715.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ3802012.jpg', 'highlights': ["The individual's unconventional approach was well-received, bringing positive impact on his career and earning him respect, despite potential challenges.", "The individual's ability to challenge conventional wisdom and continue to be respected signifies the positive impact of his approach on his career.", "The individual's background in the Soviet Union and Russia influences his knowledge of music and may have shaped his unconventional approach.", 'Hip hop is a culture encompassing various elements including rap, tagging, dance, and a way of life, while rap is specifically the music part.', "Influential hip hop albums and artists such as Public Enemy's 'It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back' and Mos Def are recommended for understanding the genre.", 'The tradition of integrating classic rock and old R&B songs into hip hop, as well as the role of DJs in bringing music together and creating new sounds, is highlighted.', 'The shift in modern hip hop lyrics from political and profound themes to a focus on beat and musicality is lamented, expressing a preference for the depth found in rap lyrics.', 'Exploration of the influence and fusion of hip hop with other music genres, such as bluegrass, and the continuous sampling and reinterpretation of music from different eras is discussed.']}, {'end': 5495.012, 'segs': [{'end': 4556.526, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4518.586, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4521.506, 'text': "There's all a line that carries it all together.", 'start': 4518.586, 'duration': 2.92}, {'end': 4526.507, 'text': "I guess I would answer your question depending on whether I'm thinking about it in 2020 or I'm thinking about it in 1960.", 'start': 4521.666, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 4528.708, 'text': "I'd probably give a different answer.", 'start': 4526.507, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4532.847, 'text': "I'm just thinking in terms of, that was rock, but when you look back on it, it's..", 'start': 4528.928, 'duration': 3.919}, {'end': 4536.222, 'text': "It was funky, but we didn't use those words.", 'start': 4533.641, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 4537.462, 'text': "Or maybe we did, I wasn't around.", 'start': 4536.322, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 4540.723, 'text': "But I don't think we used the word 1960, funk.", 'start': 4537.942, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 4542.903, 'text': 'Certainly not the way we used it in the 70s and the 80s.', 'start': 4540.803, 'duration': 2.1}, {'end': 4545.644, 'text': 'Do you reject disco? I do not reject disco.', 'start': 4543.183, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 4548.384, 'text': 'I appreciate all the mistakes that we have made to get to where we are now.', 'start': 4545.664, 'duration': 2.72}, {'end': 4550.925, 'text': 'Actually, some of the disco is actually really, really good.', 'start': 4549.024, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 4554.206, 'text': 'John Travolta, oh boy, he regrets it probably.', 'start': 4551.205, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 4556.526, 'text': "Maybe not, but it's the mistakes thing.", 'start': 4554.286, 'duration': 2.24}], 'summary': 'Reflection on music evolution, disco acceptance, and mistakes in the industry.', 'duration': 37.94, 'max_score': 4518.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4518586.jpg'}, {'end': 4834.739, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4741.794, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4749.261, 'text': "In fact, whenever I tried to write something for mathematicians, they invariably demand that I make it static, and that's not a bad thing.", 'start': 4741.794, 'duration': 7.467}, {'end': 4750.162, 'text': "It's just.", 'start': 4749.401, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 4751.243, 'text': "it's a way of viewing the world.", 'start': 4750.162, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 4752.384, 'text': 'that truth is a thing right?', 'start': 4751.243, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 4755.787, 'text': "It's not a process that continually runs right?", 'start': 4752.724, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 4760.911, 'text': 'So that dynamic thing matters, that self-reflection of the system itself matters.', 'start': 4756.067, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 4763.353, 'text': 'And that is what computing brought us.', 'start': 4760.971, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 4767.936, 'text': 'So it is a science because the models fundamentally represent truths in the world.', 'start': 4763.373, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 4773.881, 'text': 'Information is a scientific thing to discover, right? Not just a mathematical conceit that, that gets created.', 'start': 4767.956, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 4781.086, 'text': "But of course it's engineering because you're actually dealing with constraints in the world and trying to execute machines that actually run.", 'start': 4773.901, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 4787.391, 'text': "But it's also math because you're actually worrying about these languages that describe what's happening.", 'start': 4781.526, 'duration': 5.865}, {'end': 4797.334, 'text': 'But the fact that that regular expressions and finite state automata, one of which feels like a machine, or at least an abstraction machine,', 'start': 4787.431, 'duration': 9.903}, {'end': 4799.535, 'text': "and the other is a language, that they're actually the equivalent thing.", 'start': 4797.334, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4805.697, 'text': "I mean, that is not a small thing and it permeates everything that we do, even when we're just trying to figure out how to do debugging.", 'start': 4799.735, 'duration': 5.962}, {'end': 4811.559, 'text': 'So that idea I think is fundamental and we would do better if we made that more explicit.', 'start': 4805.737, 'duration': 5.822}, {'end': 4820.887, 'text': "How my life has changed in my thinking about this in the 10 or 15 years it's been since I tried to put that to paper with some colleagues,", 'start': 4812.239, 'duration': 8.648}, {'end': 4828.994, 'text': 'is the realization which comes to a question you actually asked me earlier, which has to do with trees falling down,', 'start': 4820.887, 'duration': 8.107}, {'end': 4834.739, 'text': 'and whether it matters is this sort of triangle of equality?', 'start': 4828.994, 'duration': 5.745}], 'summary': 'Computing is a science, engineering, and math with dynamic self-reflection, representing truths in the world.', 'duration': 92.945, 'max_score': 4741.794, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4741794.jpg'}, {'end': 4899.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4868.353, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4872.736, 'text': 'is that there are human beings inside of it and intelligence that has to interact with it to change the data,', 'start': 4868.353, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 4878.88, 'text': 'the information that makes sense and gives meaning to the models, the languages and the machines.', 'start': 4872.736, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 4888.467, 'text': 'So if the curriculum can convey that while conveying the tools and the skills that you need in order to succeed, then it is a big win.', 'start': 4879.24, 'duration': 9.227}, {'end': 4889.728, 'text': "That's what I think you have to do.", 'start': 4888.787, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 4899.035, 'text': 'Do you pull psychology, like these human things, into that, into the idea, into this framework of computing?', 'start': 4891.009, 'duration': 8.026}], 'summary': 'Curriculum should convey human interaction with data for success in computing.', 'duration': 30.682, 'max_score': 4868.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4868353.jpg'}, {'end': 5028.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5000.213, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5004.074, 'text': 'The psychologist has a lot to say about the way humans interact with computing right?', 'start': 5000.213, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 5010.175, 'text': 'And certainly a lot about intelligence, which for me, ultimately is kind of.', 'start': 5004.514, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 5013.316, 'text': 'the goal of building these computational devices is to build something intelligent.', 'start': 5010.175, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 5019.957, 'text': "Did you think computing will eat everything in some certain sense, or almost like disappear, because it's part of everything?", 'start': 5013.616, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 5021.091, 'text': "It's so funny you say that.", 'start': 5020.411, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 5025.893, 'text': "So I wouldn't say it's gonna metastasize, but there's kind of two ways that fields destroy themselves.", 'start': 5021.111, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 5028.393, 'text': 'One is they become super narrow.', 'start': 5026.733, 'duration': 1.66}], 'summary': 'Psychologist discusses human-computer interaction and the goal of building intelligent computational devices.', 'duration': 28.18, 'max_score': 5000.213, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5000213.jpg'}, {'end': 5166.009, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5138.771, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5143.694, 'text': 'But most people are able to have a curiosity and able to learn it.', 'start': 5138.771, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 5146.456, 'text': 'his thought.', 'start': 5145.556, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 5151.6, 'text': "is it's possible, given the way social media works, the current way we communicate,", 'start': 5146.456, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 5161.766, 'text': 'that history becomes a niche field where literally most people just ignore because everything is happening so fast that the history starts losing its meaning?', 'start': 5151.6, 'duration': 10.166}, {'end': 5166.009, 'text': 'And then it starts being a thing that only you know.', 'start': 5161.847, 'duration': 4.162}], 'summary': 'Social media may make history a niche field, known only to a few.', 'duration': 27.238, 'max_score': 5138.771, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5138771.jpg'}, {'end': 5218.63, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5194.364, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5200.548, 'text': "it's best for that to be a pervasive thing that everybody learns and thinks about, and so on.", 'start': 5194.364, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 5205.715, 'text': 'And I would say computing is quite obviously similar to history,', 'start': 5200.628, 'duration': 5.087}, {'end': 5211.502, 'text': "in the sense that it seems like it should be a part of everybody's life to some degree,", 'start': 5205.715, 'duration': 5.787}, {'end': 5214.766, 'text': 'especially as we move into the later parts of the 21st century.', 'start': 5211.502, 'duration': 3.264}, {'end': 5218.63, 'text': "And It's not obvious that that's the way it'll go.", 'start': 5214.786, 'duration': 3.844}], 'summary': "Computing should be pervasive in everyone's life, especially in the later parts of the 21st century.", 'duration': 24.266, 'max_score': 5194.364, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5194364.jpg'}, {'end': 5448.468, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5419.525, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5425.207, 'text': "you know, We're making decisions based upon a set of parameters that we made up.", 'start': 5419.525, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 5428.888, 'text': "And if we did slightly different parameters, we'd have completely different outcomes.", 'start': 5425.427, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 5436.671, 'text': "And so the lesson of computing, computer science education, is to be able to think like that and to be aware of it when you're doing it.", 'start': 5429.129, 'duration': 7.542}, {'end': 5440.532, 'text': "Basically, at the end of the day, it's a way of surfacing your assumptions.", 'start': 5436.731, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 5448.468, 'text': "I mean, we call them parameters or we call them if-then statements or whatever, but you're forced to surface those assumptions.", 'start': 5441.343, 'duration': 7.125}], 'summary': 'Computer science education teaches to think critically and surface assumptions based on parameters and outcomes.', 'duration': 28.943, 'max_score': 5419.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5419525.jpg'}], 'start': 4518.586, 'title': 'Evolving music genres and computing in education', 'summary': 'Delves into the evolving music genres, particularly the appreciation of disco music, and the role of computing in education, emphasizing its impact on various fields and the necessity of computational thinking in producing better citizens and professionals.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4556.526, 'start': 4518.586, 'title': 'Evolution of music genres', 'summary': "Discusses the evolution of music genres over time, from the perspective of the speaker's changing perceptions and the acknowledgement of past mistakes, including the appreciation of disco music and its influence.", 'duration': 37.94, 'highlights': ["Disco's appreciation: The speaker acknowledges the mistakes made in the past and appreciates the quality of some disco music, citing John Travolta's involvement as an example.", 'Influence of perceptions on answers: The speaker highlights the influence of temporal context on their response to a question, indicating that their answer would differ depending on whether they were considering the topic in 1960 or 2020.', "Evolution of music terminology: The speaker reflects on the evolving usage of terms like 'funky' and 'disco' over time, emphasizing the changing connotations and understanding of these words."]}, {'end': 5101.527, 'start': 4556.846, 'title': 'The role of computing in education and disciplines', 'summary': 'Discusses the fundamental role of computing in education, emphasizing its mindset as a discipline and its impact on various fields, including the importance of human interaction, interdisciplinary connections, and the evolving nature of computing.', 'duration': 544.681, 'highlights': ['Computing is a discipline that emphasizes mindsets and fundamental ways of thinking, distinguishing itself through the understanding that models, languages, and machines are equivalent, combining mathematical abstraction with dynamic and executable components. Computing as a discipline emphasizes mindsets and fundamental ways of thinking, distinguishing itself through the understanding that models, languages, and machines are equivalent, combining mathematical abstraction with dynamic and executable components.', 'The role of computing has evolved to incorporate human interaction and interdisciplinary connections, with the understanding that intelligence and human involvement are essential in making data and information meaningful, indicating the need for a curriculum that conveys these aspects alongside necessary tools and skills. The role of computing has evolved to incorporate human interaction and interdisciplinary connections, with the understanding that intelligence and human involvement are essential in making data and information meaningful, indicating the need for a curriculum that conveys these aspects alongside necessary tools and skills.', 'The chapter also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of computing, highlighting its connections to fields such as biology, psychology, and sociology, emphasizing the reciprocal influence and benefits between computing and other disciplines. The chapter also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of computing, highlighting its connections to fields such as biology, psychology, and sociology, emphasizing the reciprocal influence and benefits between computing and other disciplines.']}, {'end': 5495.012, 'start': 5101.987, 'title': 'Future of history and computing education', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential shift of history becoming a niche field due to fast-paced communication, the importance of preserving history, and the necessity for universal education in computational thinking to produce better citizens and professionals.', 'duration': 393.025, 'highlights': ['The potential shift of history becoming a niche field due to fast-paced communication The speaker discusses the possibility of history becoming a niche field as a result of the fast-paced nature of modern communication and social media, potentially leading to a majority of people ignoring history.', 'Importance of preserving history and the necessity for universal education in computational thinking Emphasizing the significance of preserving history, the discussion delves into the need for universal education in computational thinking, highlighting the importance of thinking precisely and surfacing assumptions to produce better citizens and professionals.', "The role of computing education and the need for everyone to think precisely The conversation emphasizes the importance of computing education and the necessity for individuals to think precisely, not just in terms of coding, but in terms of surfacing assumptions and understanding the models, languages, and machines in order to produce better outcomes and understand others' actions."]}], 'duration': 976.426, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ4518586.jpg', 'highlights': ['The role of computing has evolved to incorporate human interaction and interdisciplinary connections, with the understanding that intelligence and human involvement are essential in making data and information meaningful, indicating the need for a curriculum that conveys these aspects alongside necessary tools and skills.', 'The chapter also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of computing, highlighting its connections to fields such as biology, psychology, and sociology, emphasizing the reciprocal influence and benefits between computing and other disciplines.', 'The speaker discusses the possibility of history becoming a niche field as a result of the fast-paced nature of modern communication and social media, potentially leading to a majority of people ignoring history.', 'Emphasizing the significance of preserving history, the discussion delves into the need for universal education in computational thinking, highlighting the importance of thinking precisely and surfacing assumptions to produce better citizens and professionals.', "The conversation emphasizes the importance of computing education and the necessity for individuals to think precisely, not just in terms of coding, but in terms of surfacing assumptions and understanding the models, languages, and machines in order to produce better outcomes and understand others' actions.", "Disco's appreciation: The speaker acknowledges the mistakes made in the past and appreciates the quality of some disco music, citing John Travolta's involvement as an example.", 'Influence of perceptions on answers: The speaker highlights the influence of temporal context on their response to a question, indicating that their answer would differ depending on whether they were considering the topic in 1960 or 2020.', "Evolution of music terminology: The speaker reflects on the evolving usage of terms like 'funky' and 'disco' over time, emphasizing the changing connotations and understanding of these words."]}, {'end': 6867.745, 'segs': [{'end': 5604.703, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5547.723, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5555.388, 'text': 'But early on you moved, you basically, you identify as an Atlanta native, yeah.', 'start': 5547.723, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 5562.052, 'text': "And you've mentioned that you grew up in a predominantly black neighborhood.", 'start': 5556.088, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 5564.853, 'text': 'By the way, black, African-American, personal color.', 'start': 5562.552, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 5565.874, 'text': 'I prefer black.', 'start': 5564.873, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 5567.195, 'text': 'Black With a capital B.', 'start': 5566.154, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 5570.879, 'text': 'The other letters are..', 'start': 5569.417, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 5574.402, 'text': "The rest of them don't matter.", 'start': 5570.879, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 5577.085, 'text': 'Okay, so the predominantly black neighborhood.', 'start': 5574.783, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 5579.267, 'text': "And so you didn't almost see race.", 'start': 5577.485, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 5581.249, 'text': 'Maybe you can correct me on that.', 'start': 5579.447, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 5587.356, 'text': 'And then just in the video, you talked about when you showed up to Georgia Tech for your undergrad.', 'start': 5581.81, 'duration': 5.546}, {'end': 5591.798, 'text': "you're one of the only black folks there.", 'start': 5588.056, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 5594.479, 'text': 'And that was like, oh, that was a new experience.', 'start': 5592.038, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 5599.401, 'text': 'So can you take me from just a human perspective,', 'start': 5594.499, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 5604.703, 'text': 'but also from a race perspective your journey growing up in Atlanta and then showing up at Georgia Tech?', 'start': 5599.401, 'duration': 5.302}], 'summary': 'Grew up in a predominantly black neighborhood in atlanta, faced racial differences at georgia tech.', 'duration': 56.98, 'max_score': 5547.723, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5547723.jpg'}, {'end': 6072.101, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6045.089, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6050.292, 'text': 'Boston had no economically viable or socially cohesive black middle class.', 'start': 6045.089, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 6057.634, 'text': 'Insofar as it existed, it was uniformly distributed throughout large parts, not all parts, but large parts of the city.', 'start': 6052.071, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 6063.337, 'text': 'And where you had concentrations of Black Bostonians, they tended to be poor.', 'start': 6057.954, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 6066.098, 'text': 'It was very different from where I grew up.', 'start': 6063.397, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 6067.739, 'text': 'I grew up on the poor side of town, sure.', 'start': 6066.138, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 6072.101, 'text': "But then in high school, well, in ninth grade, we didn't have middle school.", 'start': 6067.999, 'duration': 4.102}], 'summary': 'Boston lacked economically viable and socially cohesive black middle class, with concentrations of black bostonians tending to be poor.', 'duration': 27.012, 'max_score': 6045.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6045089.jpg'}, {'end': 6123.996, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6091.846, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6092.546, 'text': 'It was a magnet school.', 'start': 6091.846, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 6093.667, 'text': "That's why I was able to go there.", 'start': 6092.566, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 6099.811, 'text': 'It was the first high school, I think, in the state of Georgia to sweep the state math and science fairs.', 'start': 6094.688, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 6100.251, 'text': 'It was great.', 'start': 6099.831, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 6101.132, 'text': 'It had..', 'start': 6100.751, 'duration': 0.381}, {'end': 6105.237, 'text': '385 students, all but four of whom were Black.', 'start': 6104.172, 'duration': 1.065}, {'end': 6114.092, 'text': "I went to school with the daughter of the former mayor of Atlanta, Michael Jackson's cousin.", 'start': 6108.689, 'duration': 5.403}, {'end': 6116.653, 'text': 'I mean, you know, it was an upper middle class.', 'start': 6114.252, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 6117.313, 'text': 'Dropping names.', 'start': 6116.673, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 6119.074, 'text': 'You know, I just drop names occasionally.', 'start': 6117.333, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 6123.996, 'text': "You know, drop the mic, drop some names, just to let you know I used to hang out with Michael Jackson's cousin.", 'start': 6119.694, 'duration': 4.302}], 'summary': 'Attended a magnet school in georgia, with 385 students, mostly black, and achieved success in state math and science fairs.', 'duration': 32.15, 'max_score': 6091.846, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6091846.jpg'}, {'end': 6230.177, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6199.665, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6215.819, 'text': 'was there levels in which you were empowered to be first or one of the first black people in a particular discipline in some of these great institutions that you were a part of Georgia Tech or MIT?', 'start': 6199.665, 'duration': 16.154}, {'end': 6218.642, 'text': 'and was there a part where it felt limiting?', 'start': 6215.819, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 6220.999, 'text': 'I always felt empowered.', 'start': 6219.875, 'duration': 1.124}, {'end': 6225.772, 'text': 'Some of that was my own delusion, I think, but it worked out.', 'start': 6221.54, 'duration': 4.232}, {'end': 6230.177, 'text': 'So I never felt In fact, quite the opposite.', 'start': 6226.414, 'duration': 3.763}], 'summary': 'Felt empowered as one of the first black individuals at institutions like georgia tech and mit.', 'duration': 30.512, 'max_score': 6199.665, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6199665.jpg'}, {'end': 6278.824, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6252.245, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6255.808, 'text': "But you know, 1990, you're dealing with a different set of problems right?", 'start': 6252.245, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 6258.59, 'text': "You're very early, at least in computer science.", 'start': 6256.148, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 6260.791, 'text': "you're very early in the sort of Jackie Robinson period.", 'start': 6258.59, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 6265.995, 'text': "You know, there's this thing called the Jackie Robinson syndrome, which is that you have to.", 'start': 6261.632, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 6272.079, 'text': 'you know, the first one has to be perfect, or has to be sure to succeed, because if that person fails, no one else comes after for a long time.', 'start': 6265.995, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 6275.521, 'text': "So, you know, it was kind of in everyone's best interest.", 'start': 6272.499, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 6277.423, 'text': 'But I think it came from a sincere place.', 'start': 6275.902, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6278.824, 'text': "I'm completely sure that people..", 'start': 6277.503, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': 'In 1990, computer science faced early challenges akin to the jackie robinson period, where the first had to be perfect to ensure success.', 'duration': 26.579, 'max_score': 6252.245, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6252245.jpg'}, {'end': 6342.447, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6319.622, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 6327.151, 'text': 'But I did not feel as if the institutions of the university were against any of that.', 'start': 6319.622, 'duration': 7.529}, {'end': 6331.616, 'text': 'And furthermore, I felt as if there was enough of a critical mass across the institute,', 'start': 6327.271, 'duration': 4.345}, {'end': 6338.203, 'text': "from students and probably faculty though I didn't know them who wanted to make certain that the right thing happened.", 'start': 6331.616, 'duration': 6.587}, {'end': 6342.447, 'text': "That's very different from the institutions of the rest of the city,", 'start': 6338.223, 'duration': 4.224}], 'summary': 'University institutions supported critical mass for right actions.', 'duration': 22.825, 'max_score': 6319.622, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6319622.jpg'}, {'end': 6459.375, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6404.865, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6410.167, 'text': 'And just kind of see yourself as empowered and confident, all those kinds of things.', 'start': 6404.865, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 6414.97, 'text': "I mean, it certainly helps, but there's a trade-off, right? You have to be deluded enough to think that you can succeed.", 'start': 6410.347, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 6420.073, 'text': "I mean, you can't get a PhD unless you're crazy enough to think you can invent something that no one else has come up with.", 'start': 6415.01, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 6422.055, 'text': 'I mean, that kind of massive delusion is that.', 'start': 6420.133, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 6426.197, 'text': 'So you have to be deluded enough to believe that you can succeed despite whatever odds you see in front of you.', 'start': 6422.075, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 6430.08, 'text': "But you can't be so deluded that you don't think that you need to step out of the way of the oncoming train.", 'start': 6426.477, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 6434.142, 'text': "So it's all a trade-off, right? You have to kind of believe in yourself.", 'start': 6431.14, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 6437.383, 'text': 'It helps to have a support group around you in some way or another.', 'start': 6434.222, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 6439.104, 'text': 'I was able to find that.', 'start': 6438.124, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 6444.027, 'text': "I've been able to find that wherever I've gone, even if it wasn't necessarily on the floor that I was in.", 'start': 6439.505, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 6445.368, 'text': 'I had lots of friends when I was here.', 'start': 6444.087, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 6446.428, 'text': 'Many of them still live here.', 'start': 6445.568, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 6448.909, 'text': "And I've kept up with many of them.", 'start': 6447.729, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 6450.39, 'text': 'So I felt supported.', 'start': 6449.17, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 6457.074, 'text': 'And certainly I had my mother and my family and those people back home that I could always lean back on,', 'start': 6450.53, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 6459.375, 'text': 'even if it were a long-distance call that cost money.', 'start': 6457.074, 'duration': 2.301}], 'summary': 'Believe in yourself, find support, and maintain connections for success.', 'duration': 54.51, 'max_score': 6404.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6404865.jpg'}, {'end': 6513.31, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6476.863, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6478.224, 'text': 'And it will hurt you in the long run.', 'start': 6476.863, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 6481.886, 'text': 'You mentioned cops.', 'start': 6479.805, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 6484.267, 'text': 'You tell the story of being pulled over.', 'start': 6482.526, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 6486.728, 'text': 'Perhaps it happened more than once.', 'start': 6485.068, 'duration': 1.66}, {'end': 6487.829, 'text': 'More than once, for sure.', 'start': 6487.229, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 6490.612, 'text': 'One. could you tell that story?', 'start': 6489.091, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6508.726, 'text': "And, in general, can you give me a sense of what the world looks like when the law doesn't always look at you with a blank slate,", 'start': 6490.732, 'duration': 17.994}, {'end': 6510.968, 'text': 'with objective eyes?', 'start': 6508.726, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 6513.31, 'text': "I don't know how to say it more poetically.", 'start': 6511.709, 'duration': 1.601}], 'summary': 'Experiencing multiple police stops raises concerns about biased treatment.', 'duration': 36.447, 'max_score': 6476.863, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6476863.jpg'}, {'end': 6599.74, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6574.345, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 6581.387, 'text': "I mean the interesting thing about the law in general is that most human beings' experience of it is fundamentally negative, right?", 'start': 6574.345, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 6586.629, 'text': "You're only dealing with a lawyer if you're in trouble, except in a few very small circumstances.", 'start': 6581.868, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 6590.212, 'text': "So that's an underlying reality.", 'start': 6588.39, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 6592.654, 'text': "Now imagine that that's also at the hands of the police officer.", 'start': 6590.272, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 6599.74, 'text': 'I remember the time when I got pulled over that time, halfway between Boston and Wellesley, actually.', 'start': 6593.074, 'duration': 6.666}], 'summary': "Most people's experience with the law is negative, especially when dealing with lawyers or police officers.", 'duration': 25.395, 'max_score': 6574.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6574345.jpg'}, {'end': 6797.069, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6768.671, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 6777.896, 'text': 'but is it easy for this experience of just being careful with the fire and avoiding it to turn to hatred??', 'start': 6768.671, 'duration': 9.225}, {'end': 6779.016, 'text': 'Yeah, of course.', 'start': 6778.596, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 6784.379, 'text': 'And one might even argue that it is a logical conclusion.', 'start': 6779.797, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 6787.135, 'text': "Right? On the other hand, you've gotta live in the world.", 'start': 6785.353, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 6791.061, 'text': "And I don't think it's helpful.", 'start': 6787.816, 'duration': 3.245}, {'end': 6797.069, 'text': 'Hate is something one should, I mean, hate is something that takes a lot of energy.', 'start': 6792.162, 'duration': 4.907}], 'summary': 'Avoiding hatred takes energy, not helpful in living in the world.', 'duration': 28.398, 'max_score': 6768.671, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6768671.jpg'}, {'end': 6846.589, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6819.205, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 6823.767, 'text': "right?. So we all have to be a little deluded, because otherwise we're paralyzed, right?", 'start': 6819.205, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 6825.688, 'text': 'But one should not be ridiculous.', 'start': 6824.087, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 6839.141, 'text': 'If we go all the way back to something you said earlier about empathy, I think what I would ask other people to get out of this one of many, many,', 'start': 6826.408, 'duration': 12.733}, {'end': 6842.885, 'text': 'many stories is to recognize that it is real.', 'start': 6839.141, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 6846.589, 'text': 'People would ask me to empathize with the police officer.', 'start': 6844.367, 'duration': 2.222}], 'summary': 'Recognize the reality of empathy and avoid being ridiculous, while acknowledging the need for a certain level of delusion.', 'duration': 27.384, 'max_score': 6819.205, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6819205.jpg'}], 'start': 5495.032, 'title': 'Navigating race and empowerment', 'summary': 'Explores the experiences of a black individual growing up in atlanta, navigating racial dynamics at georgia tech and mit, and the challenges and empowerment found in high school to mit journey, emphasizing the impact of societal biases and the need for support.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6067.739, 'start': 5495.032, 'title': 'Growing up in atlanta and navigating race', 'summary': 'Delves into the experiences of a black individual growing up in atlanta, discussing the impact of segregation, navigating being a minority at georgia tech and mit, and the contrasting racial dynamics between atlanta and boston.', 'duration': 572.707, 'highlights': ['The experience of growing up in a predominantly black neighborhood in Atlanta, navigating early encounters with race and segregation. The individual grew up in a predominantly black neighborhood in Atlanta, experiencing early encounters with race and segregation dynamics.', 'The stark contrast of being a minority at Georgia Tech and MIT, showcasing the challenging experiences of being among the few black individuals in these academic institutions. The individual encountered being one of the only black individuals at Georgia Tech and MIT, highlighting the challenges of being a minority in these academic environments.', 'The comparison of racial dynamics between Atlanta and Boston, emphasizing the contrasting socio-economic and racial structures in the two cities. The individual discusses the differences in socio-economic and racial structures between Atlanta and Boston, particularly focusing on the lack of a cohesive black middle class in Boston compared to Atlanta.']}, {'end': 6319.582, 'start': 6067.999, 'title': 'High school to mit: a journey through racism and empowerment', 'summary': "Describes the speaker's experiences from high school to mit, highlighting the racial dynamics, the supportive environment at mit, and the challenges faced as one of the first black individuals in computer science.", 'duration': 251.583, 'highlights': ['The speaker attended a magnet high school in Georgia with 385 students, almost all of whom were Black, and it was the first high school in the state to sweep the state math and science fairs.', 'The speaker felt empowered and supported at MIT, perceiving that people in power wanted them to succeed, despite the challenges faced as one of the first black individuals in computer science.', "The speaker discussed the 'Jackie Robinson syndrome' in computer science, where the first individual had to be perfect to ensure success for future black individuals in the field."]}, {'end': 6531.724, 'start': 6319.622, 'title': 'Navigating challenges and empowerment', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of feeling empowered while navigating challenges and the balance between confidence and realism, as well as the impact of societal biases and the need for support.', 'duration': 212.102, 'highlights': ['Feeling empowered is important, but there is a trade-off between being confident and realistic, as one must believe in oneself while also recognizing the need to step aside from obstacles.', 'The speaker emphasizes the significance of having a support group and feeling supported, highlighting the role of friends and family in providing this support.', "The discussion touches upon the impact of societal biases, exemplified by the speaker's experiences with law enforcement, shedding light on the reality of being viewed through subjective lenses.", "The speaker reflects on the delusion necessary for success, particularly in achieving a PhD, emphasizing the need to believe in one's ability to innovate while maintaining awareness of the challenges and obstacles.", "The chapter delves into the contrast between the university's supportive environment and the lack of institutional support in the rest of the city, emphasizing the importance of a conducive setting for pursuing goals."]}, {'end': 6867.745, 'start': 6531.724, 'title': 'Police encounters and empathy', 'summary': 'Discusses a personal encounter with a police officer, highlighting the negative perception of law enforcement and the potential for empathy despite the experience, emphasizing the importance of understanding both sides of the situation and the impact of hate on individuals.', 'duration': 336.021, 'highlights': ['The negative perception of law enforcement is highlighted, with the experience of dealing with a police officer being described as fundamentally negative. Negative perception of law enforcement, experience with police officer described as fundamentally negative', 'The potential for empathy towards the police officer is emphasized, with a call for understanding both sides of the situation. Emphasis on potential for empathy, call for understanding both sides of the situation', 'The impact of hate on individuals is discussed, emphasizing the energy it consumes and the need to reserve it for when it is useful. Discussion on the impact of hate, emphasis on reserving hate for when it is useful']}], 'duration': 1372.713, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ5495032.jpg', 'highlights': ['The individual grew up in a predominantly black neighborhood in Atlanta, experiencing early encounters with race and segregation dynamics.', 'The individual encountered being one of the only black individuals at Georgia Tech and MIT, highlighting the challenges of being a minority in these academic environments.', 'The comparison of racial dynamics between Atlanta and Boston, emphasizing the contrasting socio-economic and racial structures in the two cities.', 'The speaker attended a magnet high school in Georgia with 385 students, almost all of whom were Black, and it was the first high school in the state to sweep the state math and science fairs.', 'The speaker felt empowered and supported at MIT, perceiving that people in power wanted them to succeed, despite the challenges faced as one of the first black individuals in computer science.', "The speaker discussed the 'Jackie Robinson syndrome' in computer science, where the first individual had to be perfect to ensure success for future black individuals in the field.", 'Feeling empowered is important, but there is a trade-off between being confident and realistic, as one must believe in oneself while also recognizing the need to step aside from obstacles.', 'The speaker emphasizes the significance of having a support group and feeling supported, highlighting the role of friends and family in providing this support.', "The discussion touches upon the impact of societal biases, exemplified by the speaker's experiences with law enforcement, shedding light on the reality of being viewed through subjective lenses.", "The speaker reflects on the delusion necessary for success, particularly in achieving a PhD, emphasizing the need to believe in one's ability to innovate while maintaining awareness of the challenges and obstacles.", "The chapter delves into the contrast between the university's supportive environment and the lack of institutional support in the rest of the city, emphasizing the importance of a conducive setting for pursuing goals.", 'Negative perception of law enforcement, experience with police officer described as fundamentally negative', 'Emphasis on potential for empathy, call for understanding both sides of the situation', 'Discussion on the impact of hate, emphasis on reserving hate for when it is useful']}, {'end': 8621.43, 'segs': [{'end': 7019.042, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6988.369, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6991.251, 'text': 'And that eventually leads to the building of the structures.', 'start': 6988.369, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 6998.496, 'text': 'But that requires a leader that unites, sort of unites everybody on a vision as opposed to divides on a vision,', 'start': 6991.331, 'duration': 7.165}, {'end': 7009.465, 'text': "which is this particular moment in history feels Like there's a non-zero probability, if we go to the P,", 'start': 6998.496, 'duration': 10.969}, {'end': 7013.227, 'text': 'of something akin to a violent or a non-violent civil war.', 'start': 7009.465, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 7019.042, 'text': 'this is one of the most divisive periods of American history in recent.', 'start': 7014.639, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'A leader unifying vision can prevent civil war in a divisive period of american history.', 'duration': 30.673, 'max_score': 6988.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6988369.jpg'}, {'end': 7079.233, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7035.656, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7045.601, 'text': "One. the thing that's not spoken about, I think much, is the the quiet economic pain of millions.", 'start': 7035.656, 'duration': 9.945}, {'end': 7051.684, 'text': "that's like growing because of COVID, because of closed businesses, because of like lost dreams.", 'start': 7045.601, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 7055.085, 'text': "So that's building, whatever that tension is building.", 'start': 7052.084, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 7059.846, 'text': 'The other is there seems to be an elevated level of emotion.', 'start': 7055.685, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 7067.209, 'text': "I'm not sure if you can psychoanalyze where that's coming from, but this sort of from which the protests and so on percolated.", 'start': 7059.926, 'duration': 7.283}, {'end': 7068.149, 'text': "It's like why now??", 'start': 7067.229, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 7070.07, 'text': 'Why this particular moment in history?', 'start': 7068.449, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 7072.151, 'text': 'Oh, because time, enough time has passed, right?', 'start': 7070.35, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 7074.591, 'text': 'I mean you know, the very first race riots were in Boston.', 'start': 7072.191, 'duration': 2.4}, {'end': 7077.112, 'text': 'Not to draw anything like that.', 'start': 7075.872, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 7078.192, 'text': 'Really? When? Oh.', 'start': 7077.132, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 7079.233, 'text': 'This is before, like..', 'start': 7078.292, 'duration': 0.941}], 'summary': 'Millions experiencing economic pain due to covid, leading to elevated emotions and protests. historical context of race riots mentioned.', 'duration': 43.577, 'max_score': 7035.656, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7035656.jpg'}, {'end': 7372.889, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7343.871, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7348.055, 'text': "And in some ways we're living with that legacy now and so on.", 'start': 7343.871, 'duration': 4.184}, {'end': 7354.74, 'text': "So why not what's happening now? Why it didn't happen 10 years ago? I think it's people have more voices.", 'start': 7348.175, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 7357.123, 'text': "There's not just more TV, there's social media.", 'start': 7355.221, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 7359.985, 'text': "It's very easy for these things to kind of build on themselves.", 'start': 7357.503, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 7363.206, 'text': 'And things are just quite visible.', 'start': 7361.366, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 7365.887, 'text': "And there's demographic change.", 'start': 7364.647, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 7368.488, 'text': "I mean, the world is changing rapidly, right? And so it's very difficult.", 'start': 7365.907, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 7372.889, 'text': "You're now seeing people you could have avoided seeing most of your life growing up in a particular time.", 'start': 7369.188, 'duration': 3.701}], 'summary': 'Increased visibility due to social media and demographic changes have led to more voices being heard and societal issues being more visible.', 'duration': 29.018, 'max_score': 7343.871, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7343871.jpg'}, {'end': 7557.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7527.263, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7531.485, 'text': 'And then go back to 1980 and the big riots that were happening around then and read the same op-ed.', 'start': 7527.263, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 7535.107, 'text': "It's the same words over and over and over again.", 'start': 7531.745, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 7537.548, 'text': "I mean, there's your remembering history right there.", 'start': 7535.127, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 7539.009, 'text': "I mean, it's like literally the same words.", 'start': 7537.688, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 7541.97, 'text': "Like it could have just caught, I'm surprised no one got flagged for plagiarism.", 'start': 7539.029, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 7552.924, 'text': "It's interesting if you have an opinion on the question of violence and the popular perhaps caricature of Malcolm X versus King, Martin Luther King.", 'start': 7543.157, 'duration': 9.767}, {'end': 7557.867, 'text': "You know Malcolm X was older than Martin Luther King? People kind of have it in their head that he's younger.", 'start': 7553.304, 'duration': 4.563}], 'summary': 'Transcript discusses historical events and misconceptions about malcolm x and martin luther king.', 'duration': 30.604, 'max_score': 7527.263, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7527263.jpg'}, {'end': 7617.139, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7589.007, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7598.753, 'text': 'One thing I will say, without taking a moral position, which I will not take on this matter, violence has worked.', 'start': 7589.007, 'duration': 9.746}, {'end': 7601.453, 'text': "Yeah, that's the annoying thing.", 'start': 7600.393, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 7603.174, 'text': "That's the annoying thing.", 'start': 7602.494, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 7607.495, 'text': 'It seems like over the top anger works.', 'start': 7603.754, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 7609.496, 'text': 'Outrage works.', 'start': 7608.576, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 7617.139, 'text': 'So you can say like being calm and rational and just talking it out is gonna lead to progress.', 'start': 7610.016, 'duration': 7.123}], 'summary': 'Violence and outrage have proven effective, overshadowing calm and rational approaches.', 'duration': 28.132, 'max_score': 7589.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7589007.jpg'}, {'end': 7660.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7637.211, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7645.055, 'text': "if you, maybe if television didn't exist, the civil rights movement doesn't happen, or it takes longer, or it takes a very different form.", 'start': 7637.211, 'duration': 7.844}, {'end': 7651.278, 'text': "maybe if social media doesn't exist, a whole host of things, yeah, positive and negative don't happen, right?", 'start': 7645.055, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 7657.567, 'text': 'so? and what do any of those things do other than expose things to people?', 'start': 7651.278, 'duration': 6.289}, {'end': 7660.469, 'text': 'Violence is a way of shouting.', 'start': 7658.348, 'duration': 2.121}], 'summary': 'Television and social media played critical roles in shaping historical events and exposing people to violence.', 'duration': 23.258, 'max_score': 7637.211, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7637211.jpg'}, {'end': 7738.454, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7711.412, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7716.716, 'text': "The struggle doesn't have to be violent, but it's a struggle nonetheless.", 'start': 7711.412, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 7720.058, 'text': "The powerful don't give up power easily.", 'start': 7717.476, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 7725.021, 'text': 'I mean, why should they? But even so, it still has to be a struggle.', 'start': 7720.078, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 7730.003, 'text': "This isn't just about violent political, whatever, nonviolent political change, right?", 'start': 7726.038, 'duration': 3.965}, {'end': 7732.206, 'text': 'This is true for understanding calculus, right?', 'start': 7730.023, 'duration': 2.183}, {'end': 7733.848, 'text': 'I mean everything requires a struggle.', 'start': 7732.246, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 7735.47, 'text': "We're back to talking about faculty hiring.", 'start': 7733.868, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 7738.454, 'text': 'At the end of the day, at the end of the day, it all comes down to faculty hiring.', 'start': 7735.591, 'duration': 2.863}], 'summary': 'Struggle is essential in various facets of life, including faculty hiring.', 'duration': 27.042, 'max_score': 7711.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7711412.jpg'}, {'end': 7927.941, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7905.294, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7914.558, 'text': 'that you draw a lot of philosophical or personal inspiration from, or you just find interesting, or a moment in history you find interesting?', 'start': 7905.294, 'duration': 9.264}, {'end': 7918.44, 'text': 'Well, I find the entirety of the 40s and the 60s interesting.', 'start': 7915.198, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7920.619, 'text': 'the civil rights, uh movement.', 'start': 7919.179, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 7923.54, 'text': "that didn't happen and did happen at the same time during then.", 'start': 7920.619, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 7926.681, 'text': "quite inspirational, i mean i've, i have, uh.", 'start': 7923.54, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 7927.941, 'text': "i've read quite a bit of the time period.", 'start': 7926.681, 'duration': 1.26}], 'summary': 'Fascinated by the 40s and 60s, citing the civil rights movement as inspirational.', 'duration': 22.647, 'max_score': 7905.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7905294.jpg'}, {'end': 8012.302, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7986.458, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7993.459, 'text': 'And it was always inspiring to me that people would still create even under those circumstances.', 'start': 7986.458, 'duration': 7.001}, {'end': 7995.34, 'text': 'I got a lot out of that.', 'start': 7994.58, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 7996.54, 'text': 'I also learned a few lessons.', 'start': 7995.38, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 8004.159, 'text': 'I think, you know, the Charles Richard Drews of the world, you know, You create things that impact people.', 'start': 7996.6, 'duration': 7.559}, {'end': 8005.88, 'text': "You don't necessarily get credit for them.", 'start': 8004.319, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 8009.421, 'text': "And that's not right, but it's also okay.", 'start': 8006.54, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 8012.302, 'text': 'You okay with that? Up to a point, yeah.', 'start': 8010.401, 'duration': 1.901}], 'summary': "Inspiring creation under adversity, learning from charles richard drew's impact despite lack of credit.", 'duration': 25.844, 'max_score': 7986.458, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ7986458.jpg'}, {'end': 8621.43, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8595.086, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 8599.01, 'text': 'support on Patreon or connect with me on Twitter at Lex Friedman.', 'start': 8595.086, 'duration': 3.924}, {'end': 8603.934, 'text': 'And now let me leave you with some poetic words from Martin Luther King Jr.', 'start': 8599.61, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 8617.347, 'text': "There comes a time when people get tired of being pushed out of the glittering sunlight of life's July and left standing amid the piercing chill of an alpine November.", 'start': 8605.54, 'duration': 11.807}, {'end': 8621.43, 'text': 'Thank you for listening and hope to see you next time.', 'start': 8618.608, 'duration': 2.822}], 'summary': 'Transcript ends with a quote from martin luther king jr.', 'duration': 26.344, 'max_score': 8595.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ8595086.jpg'}], 'start': 6867.825, 'title': 'Societal division and civil rights', 'summary': 'Explores the need for structural solutions to societal division amidst economic hardship, discusses the dynamics of social change and civil rights movements, and delves into black history insights with reflections from the civil rights movement and the impact of inventors.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7137.255, 'start': 6867.825, 'title': 'Structural solutions to societal division', 'summary': 'Explores the need for structural solutions to societal division, emphasizing the importance of creating systems that enable individual conversations to bridge differences, amidst a backdrop of societal tension and economic hardship.', 'duration': 269.43, 'highlights': ['The need for structural solutions to societal division The speaker emphasizes the importance of creating structures that enable individual conversations to bridge differences, highlighting the need for systemic change to address societal division.', 'Impact of societal tension and economic hardship The discussion touches on the impact of societal tension and economic hardship, citing the quiet economic pain of millions due to COVID and closed businesses, contributing to growing tension and elevated emotion.', 'Historical context of societal unrest The conversation delves into the historical context of societal unrest, referencing past race riots in Boston and New York, and the cyclical nature of generational anger and societal upheaval.']}, {'end': 7878.999, 'start': 7139.256, 'title': 'History, civil rights, & social change', 'summary': 'Discusses the dynamics of social change and civil rights movements, highlighting the influence of media, the visibility of injustices, the impact of violence, and the struggle for power, while exploring historical events and their relevance to the present, including the role of tv and social media, the power of visibility, and the recurrent nature of societal struggles.', 'duration': 739.743, 'highlights': ['TV and social media have played a significant role in social change, making injustices more visible and amplifying voices, leading to a more rapid dispersion of information and causing demographic changes. TV and social media have accelerated social change and demographic shifts, making injustices more visible and amplifying voices.', 'The visibility of civil rights movements was influenced by the advent of TV, leading to widespread outrage and catalyzing changes, while the legacy of these events extends into the present day. The visibility of civil rights movements was catalyzed by TV, leading to widespread outrage and long-lasting effects.', 'The impact of violence as a catalyst for change is discussed, with historical examples and the observation that over-the-top anger has historically driven progress, raising questions about the efficacy of peaceful approaches. Violence has historically driven progress, raising questions about the efficacy of peaceful approaches.', 'The struggle for power and the resistance to change, regardless of the nature of the struggle, are highlighted as essential elements in societal dynamics, emphasizing the difficulty of relinquishing power and the universal nature of struggle. The struggle for power and resistance to change are universal, underscoring the difficulty of relinquishing power.', 'The chapter emphasizes the recurrent nature of societal struggles, drawing parallels between historical civil rights events and present-day issues, suggesting a cyclical pattern in societal responses to injustices. The recurrent nature of societal struggles is emphasized, suggesting a cyclical pattern in societal responses to injustices.']}, {'end': 8621.43, 'start': 7879.779, 'title': 'This week in black history insights', 'summary': "Delves into the speaker's inspiration from the 40s and 60s civil rights movement, the impact of inventors in black history, and reflections on immortality and the meaning of life, concluding with a message from martin luther king jr.", 'duration': 741.651, 'highlights': ['The speaker finds inspiration in the 40s and 60s civil rights movement. The speaker expresses interest and inspiration in the entirety of the 40s and 60s, particularly the civil rights movement.', 'The impact of inventors in black history is highlighted, with emphasis on their achievements despite challenging circumstances. The speaker reflects on the inspiring nature of inventors such as Garrett Morgan and Benjamin Banneker who created significant inventions during challenging times, emphasizing the impact of their creativity amidst adversity.', 'Reflections on immortality and the meaning of life are shared, along with a poignant message from Martin Luther King Jr. The speaker shares thoughts on immortality, expressing a desire to positively impact future generations and concludes with a message from Martin Luther King Jr. about the trials of life.']}], 'duration': 1753.605, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/LAyZ8IYfGxQ/pics/LAyZ8IYfGxQ6867825.jpg', 'highlights': ['The need for structural solutions to societal division, emphasizing systemic change.', "The impact of societal tension and economic hardship, citing COVID's economic pain.", 'The historical context of societal unrest, referencing past race riots.', 'TV and social media accelerating social change and demographic shifts.', 'The visibility of civil rights movements catalyzed by TV, leading to widespread outrage.', 'Violence historically driving progress, raising questions about peaceful approaches.', 'The struggle for power and resistance to change as essential elements in societal dynamics.', 'The recurrent nature of societal struggles, drawing parallels between historical events and present-day issues.', 'Inspiration in the 40s and 60s civil rights movement.', 'The impact of inventors in black history, reflecting on their achievements amidst adversity.', 'Reflections on immortality and the meaning of life, concluding with a message from Martin Luther King Jr.']}], 'highlights': ['AI can help bridge the gap of understanding and empathy by identifying commonalities between individuals.', 'Encouraging compassion and humanizing interactions through the identification of commonalities can foster empathy and connection among individuals.', "The psychological aspect of empathy and the distinction between empathy and sympathy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of understanding others' perspectives.", 'The impact of social media dynamics on humanizing interactions and fostering empathy is highlighted, with a focus on the potential of AI to facilitate the discovery of commonalities and encourage compassion.', 'The significance of face-to-face interactions and the humanizing effect of personal engagement in fostering empathy and preventing dismissiveness are explored.', 'The role of computing has evolved to incorporate human interaction and interdisciplinary connections, with the understanding that intelligence and human involvement are essential in making data and information meaningful, indicating the need for a curriculum that conveys these aspects alongside necessary tools and skills.', 'The chapter also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of computing, highlighting its connections to fields such as biology, psychology, and sociology, emphasizing the reciprocal influence and benefits between computing and other disciplines.', 'The need for structural solutions to societal division, emphasizing systemic change.', "The impact of societal tension and economic hardship, citing COVID's economic pain.", 'The historical context of societal unrest, referencing past race riots.', 'TV and social media accelerating social change and demographic shifts.', 'The visibility of civil rights movements catalyzed by TV, leading to widespread outrage.', 'Violence historically driving progress, raising questions about peaceful approaches.', 'The struggle for power and resistance to change as essential elements in societal dynamics.', 'The recurrent nature of societal struggles, drawing parallels between historical events and present-day issues.', 'Inspiration in the 40s and 60s civil rights movement.', 'The impact of inventors in black history, reflecting on their achievements amidst adversity.', 'Reflections on immortality and the meaning of life, concluding with a message from Martin Luther King Jr.']}