title
Jamie Metzl: Lab Leak Theory | Lex Fridman Podcast #247
description
Jamie Metzl is an author specializing in topics of genetic engineering, biotechnology, and geopolitics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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EPISODE LINKS:
Jamie's Twitter: https://twitter.com/JamieMetzl
Jamie's Website: https://jamiemetzl.com/
Jamie's lab leak blog post: https://jamiemetzl.com/origins-of-sars-cov-2/
Hacking Darwin (book): https://amzn.to/3lLqLsM
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41
OUTLINE:
0:00 - Introduction
1:27 - Lab leak
1:00:01 - Gain-of-function research
1:09:32 - Anthony Fauci
1:19:14 - Francis Collins
1:23:56 - Joe Rogan, Brett Weinstein, and Sam Harris
1:53:53 - Xi Jinping
2:08:24 - Patient Zero
2:21:38 - WHO
2:45:28 - Government transparency
3:07:28 - Likelihood of a cover-up
3:09:16 - Future of reproduction
3:44:55 - Jon Stewart
3:50:14 - Joe Rogan and Sanjay Gupta
4:15:19 - Ultramarathons
4:25:21 - Chocolate
4:33:34 - One Shared World
4:48:37 - Hope for the future
SOCIAL:
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detail
{'title': 'Jamie Metzl: Lab Leak Theory | Lex Fridman Podcast #247', 'heatmap': [{'end': 16117.598, 'start': 15936.642, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Jamie metzl discusses the lab leak hypothesis for covid-19, highlighting the lack of evidence for natural origins, chinese government's involvement, and the role of wuhan institute of virology. he emphasizes the necessity for open-minded investigation and challenging discussions, the need for transparency and accountability, and the interconnectedness of global fates. the discussion also covers the potential impact of a covid-19 coverup, genetic diversity in sperm production, human reproduction, vaccine debates, and the urgency of global collective action, including efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide.", 'chapters': [{'end': 82.404, 'segs': [{'end': 27.219, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.009, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8.332, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Jamie Metzl, author specializing in topics of genetic engineering, biotechnology, and geopolitics.', 'start': 0.009, 'duration': 8.323}, {'end': 16.995, 'text': 'In the past two years, he has been outspoken about the need to investigate and keep an open mind about the origins of COVID-19.', 'start': 9.252, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 21.017, 'text': 'In particular, he has been keeping an extensive,', 'start': 17.115, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 27.219, 'text': 'up-to-date collection of circumstantial evidence in support of what is colloquially known as lab leak hypothesis.', 'start': 21.017, 'duration': 6.202}], 'summary': 'Jamie metzl advocates investigating lab origin of covid-19.', 'duration': 27.21, 'max_score': 0.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9.jpg'}, {'end': 82.404, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 40.821, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 47.142, 'text': 'I will have more and more difficult conversations like this with people from all walks of life and with all kinds of ideas.', 'start': 40.821, 'duration': 6.321}, {'end': 52.323, 'text': 'I promise to do my best to keep an open mind and yet to ask hard questions,', 'start': 47.862, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 56.644, 'text': 'while together searching for the beautiful and the inspiring in the mind of the other person.', 'start': 52.323, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 59.966, 'text': "It's a hard line to walk gracefully,", 'start': 57.664, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 67.832, 'text': "especially for someone like me who's a bit of an awkward introvert with barely the grasp of the English language or any language,", 'start': 59.966, 'duration': 7.866}, {'end': 69.514, 'text': 'except maybe Python and C++.', 'start': 67.832, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 76.399, 'text': 'But I hope you stick around, be patient and empathetic, and maybe learn something new together with me.', 'start': 70.214, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 79.181, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast.', 'start': 77.38, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 82.404, 'text': 'To support it, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 79.521, 'duration': 2.883}], 'summary': 'Lex friedman promises to engage in difficult conversations, asks hard questions, and seeks beauty and inspiration while navigating language challenges on the lex friedman podcast.', 'duration': 41.583, 'max_score': 40.821, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I40821.jpg'}], 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins investigation', 'summary': "Delves into jamie metzl's findings on the lab leak hypothesis for covid-19, highlighting the necessity for open-minded investigation and challenging discussions, as presented in the lex friedman podcast.", 'chapters': [{'end': 82.404, 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins investigation', 'summary': "Discusses jamie metzl's extensive collection of circumstantial evidence in support of the lab leak hypothesis for covid-19, emphasizing the need for open-minded investigation and difficult conversations, in the context of the lex friedman podcast.", 'duration': 82.395, 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl has been outspoken about the need to investigate the origins of COVID-19, particularly supporting the lab leak hypothesis, and has been keeping an extensive collection of circumstantial evidence.', 'The conversation aims to explore the idea of investigating COVID-19 origins and emphasizes the importance of having difficult conversations with people from diverse backgrounds and ideas.', 'Metzl expresses the challenge of keeping an open mind and asking hard questions, highlighting the need for empathy and patience in learning from others.', 'Metzl acknowledges his introverted nature and limited language skills but expresses a desire for listeners to stick around, be patient, and learn together.', "The podcast host encourages support for the show's sponsors."]}], 'duration': 82.395, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9.jpg', 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl supports investigating COVID-19 origins, backing the lab leak hypothesis with circumstantial evidence.', 'Importance of exploring COVID-19 origins and having challenging conversations with diverse perspectives.', 'Metzl emphasizes the need for empathy, patience, and open-mindedness in asking hard questions and learning from others.', 'Metzl expresses a desire for listeners to be patient and learn together despite his introverted nature and limited language skills.', "The podcast host encourages support for the show's sponsors."]}, {'end': 2090.654, 'segs': [{'end': 111.438, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 82.864, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 86.327, 'text': "And now, here's my conversation with Jamie Metzl.", 'start': 82.864, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 94.844, 'text': 'What is the probability in your mind that COVID-19 leaked from a lab? In your write-up, I believe you said 85%.', 'start': 87.662, 'duration': 7.182}, {'end': 97.685, 'text': "I know it's just a percentage.", 'start': 94.844, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 103.266, 'text': "We can't really be exact with these kinds of things, but it gives us a sense where your mind is, where your intuition is.", 'start': 97.705, 'duration': 5.561}, {'end': 111.438, 'text': "So as it stands today, what would you say is that probability? I would stand by what I've been saying since really the middle of last year.", 'start': 103.326, 'duration': 8.112}], 'summary': 'Covid-19 lab leak probability estimated at 85%', 'duration': 28.574, 'max_score': 82.864, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I82864.jpg'}, {'end': 276.189, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 248.604, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 252.89, 'text': 'It was a horseshoe bat virus, and it evolved somewhere.', 'start': 248.604, 'duration': 4.286}, {'end': 261.119, 'text': "And there are some people who say there's no evidence of this, but it's a plausible theory based on how things have happened in the past.", 'start': 253.25, 'duration': 7.869}, {'end': 267.123, 'text': 'maybe that virus jumped from the horseshoe bat through some intermediate species.', 'start': 261.119, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 271.786, 'text': "so it's like, let's say, there's a bat and that it infects some other animal.", 'start': 267.123, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 276.189, 'text': "let's say it's a pig or a raccoon dog or a civet cat.", 'start': 271.786, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'Horseshoe bat virus plausible theory based on past events, possible intermediate species transmission.', 'duration': 27.585, 'max_score': 248.604, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I248604.jpg'}, {'end': 761.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 734.059, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 742.566, 'text': "but I just don't think that it's as significant as has been reported in the press.", 'start': 734.059, 'duration': 8.507}, {'end': 752.854, 'text': 'And so what his argument is, is that there is an early cluster in December of 2019 around the Huanan seafood market.', 'start': 742.586, 'duration': 10.268}, {'end': 761.496, 'text': 'And even though he himself argues that the original breakthrough case, the original case, the index case,', 'start': 753.394, 'duration': 8.102}], 'summary': 'Early cluster in december 2019 at huanan seafood market.', 'duration': 27.437, 'max_score': 734.059, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I734059.jpg'}, {'end': 871.767, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 848.758, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 858.482, 'text': "And fourth, and probably most significantly, we have so little information about those early cases in China, and that's really unfortunate.", 'start': 848.758, 'duration': 9.724}, {'end': 866.045, 'text': "I know we'll talk about this later, because the Chinese government is preventing access to all of that information which they have,", 'start': 858.502, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 871.767, 'text': 'which could easily help us get to the bottom, at least know a ton more about how this pandemic started.', 'start': 866.045, 'duration': 5.722}], 'summary': 'Limited information on early china cases hinders pandemic understanding.', 'duration': 23.009, 'max_score': 848.758, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I848758.jpg'}, {'end': 1526.071, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1496.914, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1499.736, 'text': 'And so they start their cover up on day one.', 'start': 1496.914, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 1508.061, 'text': 'They start screening social media, they send nasty letters to different doctors and others who are starting to speak up.', 'start': 1499.836, 'duration': 8.225}, {'end': 1511.883, 'text': "But then it becomes clear that there's a bigger issue.", 'start': 1508.661, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 1516.566, 'text': 'And then the national government of China, again, this is just a hypothesis.', 'start': 1512.363, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 1519.547, 'text': 'The national government gets involved.', 'start': 1517.486, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 1521.288, 'text': 'They say, all right, this is getting much bigger.', 'start': 1519.687, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1526.071, 'text': 'They go in and they realize that we have a big problem on our hands.', 'start': 1521.989, 'duration': 4.082}], 'summary': 'Chinese government covers up covid-19, leading to bigger issue.', 'duration': 29.157, 'max_score': 1496.914, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I1496914.jpg'}], 'start': 82.864, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins', 'summary': "Examines the probability of a lab leak, virus origin, lack of evidence for natural origins, chinese government's involvement, and the role of wuhan institute of virology in the emergence of covid-19, emphasizing potential transmission routes and the impact of political dynamics.", 'chapters': [{'end': 169.384, 'start': 82.864, 'title': 'Covid-19 lab leak probability', 'summary': 'Discusses the probability of covid-19 leaking from a lab, with jamie metzl estimating an 85% likelihood, based on circumstantial evidence and deductive reasoning.', 'duration': 86.52, 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl estimates an 85% likelihood that COVID-19 leaked from a lab, based on deductive reasoning and circumstantial evidence.', "Metzl stands by his assessment since the middle of last year, stating it's more likely that the pandemic stems from an accidental lab incident in Wuhan.", 'Metzl weighs the available evidence and finds it significantly pointing towards a lab incident origin, although the exact probability is arbitrary.', "The strongest source of Metzl's intuition is logic and deductive reasoning, leading him to believe in the likelihood of a lab incident origin for COVID-19."]}, {'end': 398.783, 'start': 169.444, 'title': 'Virus origin and transmission', 'summary': 'Discusses the natural origin and possible transmission of the sars-cov-2 virus, including its evolution from a bat virus backbone, potential intermediate hosts, and interaction with humans, examining the lack of evidence for the natural origins hypothesis and the potential transmission through wet markets or farm environments.', 'duration': 229.339, 'highlights': ['The SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved from a horseshoe bat virus backbone and potentially jumped to humans through an intermediate species, with varying theories on the specific transmission route. No evidence supports the natural origins hypothesis, and the transmission route lacks conclusive evidence.', 'The potential interaction between humans and the virus occurs in wet markets, where live or recently dead animals are sold for consumption, posing a possible transmission route for the virus to infect humans. The wet market environment presents a feasible setting for human-animal virus transmission, although evidence remains inconclusive.', 'Human encroachment into wild spaces and the close proximity of animal farms to natural habitats may lead to the transmission of bat-origin viruses to domestic animals, potentially allowing for further spread to humans. The expansion of animal farms into former natural habitats creates opportunities for bat-origin viruses to spread to domestic animals, increasing the risk of transmission to humans.']}, {'end': 734.059, 'start': 398.983, 'title': 'Origin of sars-cov-2', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of evidence for the theory of sars-cov-2 originating from the interaction between isolated humans and horseshoe bats, while highlighting the absence of expected viral evolution and the geographical dynamics of wuhan.', 'duration': 335.076, 'highlights': ['The lack of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 originating from interaction between isolated humans and horseshoe bats is emphasized, as no history of viral evolution has been found, indicating a fully adapted virus ready to infect humans upon interaction.', "The absence of expected viral evolution prior to infecting humans is highlighted, contrasting the rapid evolution of the first SARS, indicating the unusual nature of SARS-CoV-2's adaptation to humans.", 'The geographic dynamics of Wuhan are discussed, pointing out that despite being a large city with multiple virus research centers and markets, there are interesting dynamics and arguments for the natural origin of the virus based on reported cases from the Hunan market.', 'The argument for the natural origin of SARS-CoV-2, supported by the predominance of early COVID cases linked to the Hunan market, is presented as circumstantial evidence, challenging the notion of ascertainment bias and suggesting it as the epicenter of the jump of the virus to humans.']}, {'end': 1259.274, 'start': 734.059, 'title': 'Origin of covid-19 and chinese government', 'summary': 'Delves into the investigation of the origin of covid-19, discussing the arguments regarding the significance of the early cluster in december 2019 around the huanan seafood market, challenges in obtaining information from the chinese government, and the suspicious disappearance of the wuhan institute of virology database in september 2019.', 'duration': 525.215, 'highlights': ['The early cluster in December 2019 around the Huanan seafood market is discussed, along with the argument about the original breakthrough case happening in October or November, raising questions about the significance of this cluster as the starting point of the pandemic. The argument questions the significance of the December 2019 cluster at the Huanan seafood market as the starting point of the pandemic, pointing out the possibility of an earlier breakthrough case in October or November.', "The challenges in obtaining information from the Chinese government regarding the early cases in China are highlighted, raising concerns about the lack of transparency and hindrance in understanding the pandemic's origins. The lack of information from the Chinese government about the early cases in China is emphasized, expressing concerns about the hindrance in understanding the pandemic's origins and the lack of transparency.", "The suspicious disappearance of the Wuhan Institute of Virology database in September 2019, along with the questionable explanation provided by the Chinese government, is discussed, raising doubts about the motives behind the database's inaccessibility. The disappearance of the Wuhan Institute of Virology database in September 2019, coupled with the explanation provided by the Chinese government, is highlighted, casting doubt on the motives behind the database's inaccessibility."]}, {'end': 2090.654, 'start': 1263.036, 'title': 'Wuhan institute of virology and covid-19', 'summary': "Discusses the emergence of the covid-19 virus, the initial cover-up by local and national chinese officials, the controversy surrounding the virus's origins, and the role of political leaders and media in shaping public perception, emphasizing the lack of transparency and data from china, as well as the potential role of the wuhan institute of virology. it also highlights the need for strong leadership, the speculation about the virus's lab origin, and the impact of political dynamics on the narrative surrounding the pandemic.", 'duration': 827.618, 'highlights': ["The emergence of the COVID-19 virus, the initial cover-up by local and national Chinese officials, and the controversy surrounding the virus's origins are discussed. The chapter delves into the timeline of the virus's emergence, the local officials' initial instinct to cover up the situation, and the subsequent involvement of the national government in the cover-up and lack of transparency.", 'The lack of transparency and data from China, as well as the potential role of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, are emphasized. The discussion highlights the lack of transparency and data from China, along with the speculation about the potential involvement of the Wuhan Institute of Virology in the origins of the COVID-19 virus.', "The need for strong leadership, the speculation about the virus's lab origin, and the impact of political dynamics on the narrative surrounding the pandemic are addressed. The chapter explores the necessity of strong leadership during a crisis, the speculation surrounding the lab origin of the virus, and the influence of political dynamics and media in shaping the narrative surrounding the pandemic."]}], 'duration': 2007.79, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I82864.jpg', 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl estimates an 85% likelihood that COVID-19 leaked from a lab, based on deductive reasoning and circumstantial evidence.', 'The SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved from a horseshoe bat virus backbone and potentially jumped to humans through an intermediate species, with varying theories on the specific transmission route. No evidence supports the natural origins hypothesis, and the transmission route lacks conclusive evidence.', 'The lack of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 originating from interaction between isolated humans and horseshoe bats is emphasized, as no history of viral evolution has been found, indicating a fully adapted virus ready to infect humans upon interaction.', 'The early cluster in December 2019 around the Huanan seafood market is discussed, along with the argument about the original breakthrough case happening in October or November, raising questions about the significance of this cluster as the starting point of the pandemic.', "The challenges in obtaining information from the Chinese government regarding the early cases in China are highlighted, raising concerns about the lack of transparency and hindrance in understanding the pandemic's origins.", "The emergence of the COVID-19 virus, the initial cover-up by local and national Chinese officials, and the controversy surrounding the virus's origins are discussed. The chapter delves into the timeline of the virus's emergence, the local officials' initial instinct to cover up the situation, and the subsequent involvement of the national government in the cover-up and lack of transparency."]}, {'end': 3331.308, 'segs': [{'end': 2121.473, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2093.016, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2100.52, 'text': 'France had this agreement that they were going to help design and help build this BSL-4 lab in Wuhan.', 'start': 2093.016, 'duration': 7.504}, {'end': 2104.503, 'text': 'It was going to be with French standards.', 'start': 2102.101, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 2111.987, 'text': 'There were going to be 50 French experts who were going to work there and supervise the work.', 'start': 2105.043, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 2121.473, 'text': 'that happened even after the Wuhan Institute of Virology in the new location started started operating.', 'start': 2111.987, 'duration': 9.486}], 'summary': 'France planned to assist in building a bsl-4 lab in wuhan with 50 french experts supervising, adhering to french standards.', 'duration': 28.457, 'max_score': 2093.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2093016.jpg'}, {'end': 2193.478, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2171.404, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2179.406, 'text': 'And actually, when the Wuhan Institute of Virology in its new location opened in 2018, two things happened.', 'start': 2171.404, 'duration': 8.002}, {'end': 2188.492, 'text': 'One French intelligence privately approached US intelligence saying we have a lot of concerns about the Wuhan Institute of Virology, about its safety,', 'start': 2179.586, 'duration': 8.906}, {'end': 2190.374, 'text': "and we don't even know who's operating there.", 'start': 2188.492, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 2193.478, 'text': 'Is it being used as a dual use facility?', 'start': 2190.535, 'duration': 2.943}], 'summary': "French intelligence expressed concerns about wuhan institute of virology's safety and operations in 2018.", 'duration': 22.074, 'max_score': 2171.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2171404.jpg'}, {'end': 2292.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2267.547, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2277.616, 'text': "Her closest relationship was with Peter Daszak, who's a British, I think now American, but the president of a thing called EcoHealth Alliance,", 'start': 2267.547, 'duration': 10.069}, {'end': 2278.857, 'text': 'which was getting money from NIH.', 'start': 2277.616, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 2283.439, 'text': 'EcoHealth Alliance was a pass-through organization.', 'start': 2280.658, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2286.181, 'text': 'Over the years, it was only about $600,000.', 'start': 2284.4, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 2292.304, 'text': "Almost all of her funding came from the Chinese government, but there's a little bit that came from the United States.", 'start': 2286.181, 'duration': 6.123}], 'summary': 'Most of her funding came from the chinese government, with a small amount from the united states.', 'duration': 24.757, 'max_score': 2267.547, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2267547.jpg'}, {'end': 2467.592, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2443.525, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2451.607, 'text': 'So what he thought he was doing was, and what he thought he was doing is itself highly controversial.', 'start': 2443.525, 'duration': 8.082}, {'end': 2456.768, 'text': "Because there's one there that in 2011, there were.", 'start': 2451.727, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 2467.592, 'text': "I know you've talked about this with other guests, but in 2011, there were the first published papers on this, now infamous gain-of-function research.", 'start': 2456.768, 'duration': 10.824}], 'summary': 'Controversial gain-of-function research began in 2011.', 'duration': 24.067, 'max_score': 2443.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2443525.jpg'}, {'end': 2591.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2563.314, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2572.219, 'text': "there's a safe way to go out into the world to collect the world's most dangerous viruses and to poke and prod them,", 'start': 2563.314, 'duration': 8.905}, {'end': 2581.504, 'text': 'to figure out how they might mutate, how they might become more dangerous, with the goal of predicting future pandemics.', 'start': 2572.219, 'duration': 9.285}, {'end': 2587.407, 'text': 'And that certainly never happened with the goal of creating vaccines and treatments.', 'start': 2581.584, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 2591.649, 'text': 'And that largely never happened.', 'start': 2588.027, 'duration': 3.622}], 'summary': 'Studying dangerous viruses to predict pandemics and develop vaccines.', 'duration': 28.335, 'max_score': 2563.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2563314.jpg'}, {'end': 2718.416, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2663.816, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2677.062, 'text': 'And even though and this gets a lot more complicated even though there are basic questions that anybody would ask and that Shujing Li herself did ask about the origins of this pandemic,', 'start': 2663.816, 'duration': 13.246}, {'end': 2685.047, 'text': "Even though Peter Daszak and I'll describe this in a moment had secret information that we didn't have.", 'start': 2677.822, 'duration': 7.225}, {'end': 2691.131, 'text': 'that, in my mind, massively increases the possibility of a lab incident origin.', 'start': 2685.047, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 2692.391, 'text': 'I, Peter Daszak,', 'start': 2691.131, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 2704.559, 'text': 'would like to guide the public conversation in the direction where I think it should go and in support of the kind of international collaboration that I think is necessary.', 'start': 2692.391, 'duration': 12.168}, {'end': 2717.375, 'text': "That's a strong, positive discussion, because it's true that there's a lot of political BS and a lot of kind of just bickering and lies,", 'start': 2704.599, 'duration': 12.776}, {'end': 2718.416, 'text': "as we've talked about.", 'start': 2717.375, 'duration': 1.041}], 'summary': 'Peter daszak guided public conversation, aiming for international collaboration amid pandemic origins debate.', 'duration': 54.6, 'max_score': 2663.816, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2663816.jpg'}, {'end': 2819.113, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2794.404, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2802.707, 'text': 'Then there was this February 2020 Lancet letter where it turns out, and we only knew this later, that he was highly manipulative.', 'start': 2794.404, 'duration': 8.303}, {'end': 2805.228, 'text': 'So he was recruiting all of these people.', 'start': 2802.887, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 2810.39, 'text': 'He drafted the infamous letter calling people like me conspiracy theorists.', 'start': 2805.288, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 2819.113, 'text': "He then wrote to people like Ralph Baric and Linfa Wang, who are also very high profile virologists, saying well, let's not put our names on it,", 'start': 2810.83, 'duration': 8.283}], 'summary': 'In february 2020, a manipulative individual recruited notable virologists to draft a letter discrediting others.', 'duration': 24.709, 'max_score': 2794.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2794404.jpg'}, {'end': 2899.382, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2871.786, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2881.256, 'text': 'And then after President Trump cut funding to EcoHealth Alliance, then he organized 77 Nobel laureates to have a public letter criticizing that.', 'start': 2871.786, 'duration': 9.47}, {'end': 2891.04, 'text': "But what Peter knew then that we didn't fully know is that in March of 2018, EcoHealth Alliance,", 'start': 2881.736, 'duration': 9.304}, {'end': 2899.382, 'text': 'in partnership with the Wuhan Institute of Virology and others, had applied for a $14 million grant to DARPA,', 'start': 2891.04, 'duration': 8.342}], 'summary': 'President trump cut funding to ecohealth alliance, which then organized 77 nobel laureates to criticize the decision. in march 2018, ecohealth alliance, in partnership with the wuhan institute of virology and others, applied for a $14 million grant to darpa.', 'duration': 27.596, 'max_score': 2871.786, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2871786.jpg'}], 'start': 2093.016, 'title': "Wuhan lab's controversy", 'summary': "Reveals french involvement in wuhan lab construction, peter daszak's controversial research, misinformation in public discourse, and ecohealth alliance's proposal to darpa, highlighting safety concerns, misinformation, and potential implications for the pandemic origins.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2415.584, 'start': 2093.016, 'title': 'French involvement in wuhan lab', 'summary': 'Reveals the french involvement in the construction of the bsl-4 lab in wuhan, highlighting concerns about safety standards, lack of french experts, and the role of international collaborations, with particular emphasis on the relationship between shujing li, peter daszak, and the ecohealth alliance.', 'duration': 322.568, 'highlights': ['The BSL-4 lab in Wuhan was supposed to be built to French standards with 50 French experts, but ended up with minimal French oversight and only one French expert, causing concerns about safety and control.', 'French and US intelligence expressed concerns about the safety and operations of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, with a scathing cable from the US embassy in Beijing highlighting unsafe conditions for studying dangerous bat coronaviruses.', 'Shujing Li, a key partner of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, had close ties with Peter Daszak and the EcoHealth Alliance, with most of her funding coming from the Chinese government, raising questions about international collaborations and the origins of the COVID-19 outbreak.', 'The chapter delves into the human motivations and beliefs driving individuals like Peter Daszak, emphasizing the complexity of their actions and the narratives they tell themselves, drawing a parallel with the idealistic self-perception of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.']}, {'end': 2692.391, 'start': 2415.824, 'title': "Peter daszak's controversial research", 'summary': "Discusses peter daszak's involvement in controversial gain-of-function research, the debate between creating and studying dangerous viruses, and the potential implications for the origins of the pandemic, highlighting the safety concerns and funding aspects.", 'duration': 276.567, 'highlights': ["Peter Daszak's involvement in gain-of-function research Peter Daszak was part of an effort to turn a deadly but not massively transmissive virus into a lab-created, deadly and transmissive virus through gain-of-function research, highlighting the controversial nature of his work.", 'Debate between creating and studying dangerous viruses The debate between creating and studying dangerous viruses is discussed, with some expressing concerns about the dangers of creating monsters to study monsters, while others, including Daszak, believed in the safe collection and study of dangerous viruses for predicting future pandemics.', "Potential implications for the origins of the pandemic The discussion raises the potential implications for the origins of the pandemic, highlighting the debate between the natural origin outbreak theory and the possibility of a lab incident origin, with Daszak's involvement and access to secret information increasing the possibility of a lab incident origin."]}, {'end': 2871.506, 'start': 2692.391, 'title': 'Misinformation and manipulation in public discourse', 'summary': 'Discusses the need for international collaboration amidst the pandemic, highlights the manipulative actions of peter daszak and the misinformation surrounding the lab leak hypothesis, referencing the february 2020 lancet letter.', 'duration': 179.115, 'highlights': ["Peter Daszak's manipulative actions in drafting the February 2020 Lancet letter, recruiting high-profile virologists and misrepresenting the lab leak hypothesis as a conspiracy theory. Peter Daszak recruited high-profile virologists to draft a letter misrepresenting the lab leak hypothesis as a conspiracy theory and did not disclose crucial information, manipulating the public discourse.", 'The discussion on the importance of international collaboration to combat the pandemic and the detrimental effects of misinformation on the public discourse. The chapter emphasizes the significance of international collaboration to address the pandemic and highlights the negative impact of misinformation and political bickering on public discourse.']}, {'end': 3331.308, 'start': 2871.786, 'title': 'Ecohealth alliance, wuhan institute, and darpa', 'summary': 'Discusses the 2018 proposal to darpa for a $14 million grant by ecohealth alliance and wuhan institute of virology to genetically engineer bat coronaviruses, the lack of transparency and potential implications, including the involvement of the chinese military.', 'duration': 459.522, 'highlights': ['EcoHealth Alliance and Wuhan Institute of Virology applied for a $14 million grant from DARPA in 2018 to genetically engineer bat coronaviruses. The partnership sought a significant grant for genetic engineering work, indicating a deliberate attempt to modify viruses.', 'The lack of transparency regarding the work done at the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the potential involvement of the Chinese military raises concerns about the true nature of the research. The absence of information about the research conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the possible participation of the Chinese military in virus-related work raises suspicions about the true objectives of the research.', "Peter Daszak's lack of transparency and dismissal of the lab incident origin theory despite his knowledge of the details raises questions about his integrity and the motivation behind his actions. The behavior of Peter Daszak, including his lack of transparency and dismissal of the lab incident origin theory, suggests a potential lack of integrity and raises questions about the motives driving his actions."]}], 'duration': 1238.292, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I2093016.jpg', 'highlights': ['The lack of French oversight and minimal expert involvement in the BSL-4 lab construction in Wuhan raises safety concerns.', 'Concerns expressed by French and US intelligence about the unsafe conditions for studying dangerous bat coronaviruses at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'Close ties between Shujing Li, Peter Daszak, and the EcoHealth Alliance, with funding from the Chinese government, raise questions about international collaborations and COVID-19 origins.', "Peter Daszak's involvement in gain-of-function research and the controversial nature of his work.", 'Debate on the creation and study of dangerous viruses, highlighting concerns and differing beliefs about predicting future pandemics.', 'Potential implications for the origins of the pandemic, including the debate between natural origin and lab incident theories.', "Peter Daszak's manipulative actions in drafting the February 2020 Lancet letter, misrepresenting the lab leak hypothesis as a conspiracy theory.", 'Emphasis on the significance of international collaboration to combat the pandemic and the negative impact of misinformation on public discourse.', "EcoHealth Alliance and Wuhan Institute of Virology's application for a $14 million grant from DARPA to genetically engineer bat coronaviruses.", 'Lack of transparency regarding the research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology and potential involvement of the Chinese military raises suspicions about the true nature of the research.', "Peter Daszak's lack of transparency and dismissal of the lab incident origin theory raises questions about his integrity and motives."]}, {'end': 5950.989, 'segs': [{'end': 3447.727, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3417.796, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3423.362, 'text': 'So she, I heard her in an interview give this analogy of unicorns.', 'start': 3417.796, 'duration': 5.566}, {'end': 3433.512, 'text': 'And where basically somebody writes a proposal to add horns to horses, the proposal is rejected.', 'start': 3424.082, 'duration': 9.43}, {'end': 3438.858, 'text': 'And then a couple of years later or a year later, a unicorn shows up.', 'start': 3434.553, 'duration': 4.305}, {'end': 3443.165, 'text': "in the place where they're proposing to do it.", 'start': 3439.904, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 3446.787, 'text': "i mean that's so i had and then i was like, yeah, is natural origin.", 'start': 3443.165, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 3447.727, 'text': "it's like it's possible.", 'start': 3446.787, 'duration': 0.94}], 'summary': 'Analogy of unicorns used to illustrate natural origin possibility.', 'duration': 29.931, 'max_score': 3417.796, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I3417796.jpg'}, {'end': 3530.119, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3505.819, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3514.925, 'text': "It's the one city in China with the first and largest level four virology lab, which actually wasn't even using it.", 'start': 3505.819, 'duration': 9.106}, {'end': 3517.827, 'text': 'They were doing level three and level two for this work.', 'start': 3514.945, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 3522.391, 'text': "where they had the world's largest collection of bat coronaviruses,", 'start': 3518.447, 'duration': 3.944}, {'end': 3530.119, 'text': 'where they were doing aggressive experiments designed to make these scary viruses scarier,', 'start': 3522.391, 'duration': 7.728}], 'summary': "Wuhan had a level four virology lab with the world's largest bat coronavirus collection.", 'duration': 24.3, 'max_score': 3505.819, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I3505819.jpg'}, {'end': 3976.619, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3947.252, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3948.273, 'text': "Unfortunately, it didn't work.", 'start': 3947.252, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 3951.056, 'text': "I think that's where we are now.", 'start': 3948.713, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 3961.746, 'text': 'I absolutely think that there are real issues with the relationship between the United States government and EcoHealth Alliance and, through that,', 'start': 3951.136, 'duration': 10.61}, {'end': 3964.889, 'text': 'EcoHealth Alliance with the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'start': 3961.746, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 3969.533, 'text': 'And one issue is just essential transparency, because, as I see it,', 'start': 3965.469, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 3976.619, 'text': "it's most likely the case that we transferred a lot of our knowledge and plans and things to the Wuhan Institute of Virology.", 'start': 3969.533, 'duration': 7.086}], 'summary': 'Issues with us government-ecohealth alliance-wuhan institute relationship, lack of transparency in knowledge transfer.', 'duration': 29.367, 'max_score': 3947.252, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I3947252.jpg'}, {'end': 4596.834, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4570.808, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4578.494, 'text': "And it's really unfortunate that our governments and international institutions, for pretty much all of 2020,", 'start': 4570.808, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 4582.499, 'text': "weren't doing their jobs of really probing this issue.", 'start': 4578.494, 'duration': 4.005}, {'end': 4586.443, 'text': 'People were hiding behind this kind of false consensus.', 'start': 4582.559, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 4588.465, 'text': "And I'm critical of many people.", 'start': 4586.763, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 4596.834, 'text': "Even when I heard Francis Collins' interview with you, I just felt, well, he wasn't as balanced on the issue of COVID origins.", 'start': 4588.505, 'duration': 8.329}], 'summary': "Governments and institutions neglected covid origins in 2020; francis collins' response criticized.", 'duration': 26.026, 'max_score': 4570.808, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I4570808.jpg'}, {'end': 4960.455, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4934.718, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4946.546, 'text': 'we need transparency, but we should come together in absolutely condemning the outrageous cover-up carried out by the Chinese government, which,', 'start': 4934.718, 'duration': 11.828}, {'end': 4952.37, 'text': 'to this day, is preventing any meaningful investigation into pandemic origins.', 'start': 4946.546, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 4960.455, 'text': 'We have, if you use the economist numbers, 15 million people who are dead as a result of this pandemic.', 'start': 4952.49, 'duration': 7.965}], 'summary': '15 million dead due to pandemic; condemning chinese government cover-up', 'duration': 25.737, 'max_score': 4934.718, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I4934718.jpg'}, {'end': 5430.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5393.379, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5405.867, 'text': 'And this is also just a, I talked to Sam privately, but this is also a public call out to put a little bit more love in the world.', 'start': 5393.379, 'duration': 12.488}, {'end': 5413.572, 'text': 'And for these difficult conversations to happen.', 'start': 5408.108, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 5424.792, 'text': 'Because Brett Weinstein could be very wrong about a bunch of topics here around COVID.', 'start': 5414.193, 'duration': 10.599}, {'end': 5426.834, 'text': 'But he could also be right.', 'start': 5425.473, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 5430.496, 'text': 'And the only way to find out is to have those conversations.', 'start': 5427.494, 'duration': 3.002}], 'summary': 'Encouraging open dialogue for diverse perspectives on covid topics.', 'duration': 37.117, 'max_score': 5393.379, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I5393379.jpg'}], 'start': 3331.328, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins and controversies', 'summary': 'Delves into the lack of transparency in the joint study on covid-19 origins, highlighting potential lab origin, suspicious circumstances surrounding wuhan institute of virology, and advocating for transparency and accountability in investigations, as well as the need for open-minded conversations to repair relationships and arrive at the truth.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3483.076, 'start': 3331.328, 'title': 'Covid-19 origin study and controversies', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of transparency in the joint study between international experts and chinese government, the questionable 2018 proposal to darpa from ecohealth alliance and wuhan institute of virology, and the analogy of unicorns used to question the natural origin of covid-19, casting doubt on the narrative of natural origins and highlighting the potential lab origin.', 'duration': 151.748, 'highlights': ['The lack of transparency in the joint study between international experts and Chinese government, casting doubt on the narrative of natural origins and highlighting the potential lab origin, is a key concern (quantifiable data not available).', "The questionable 2018 proposal to DARPA from EcoHealth Alliance and Wuhan Institute of Virology is likened to a 'smoking gun' and raises doubts about the natural origin of COVID-19 (quantifiable data not available).", 'The analogy of unicorns used to question the natural origin of COVID-19, highlighting the potential lab origin, is emphasized to illustrate the improbability of the natural origin narrative (quantifiable data not available).']}, {'end': 3855.85, 'start': 3483.116, 'title': 'Wuhan institute of virology investigation', 'summary': "Discusses the potential origin of the sars-like bat coronavirus outbreak in wuhan, china, highlighting the suspicious circumstances surrounding the virology lab's research and the funding of gain-of-function research, as well as the need for transparency and accountability in the investigation.", 'duration': 372.734, 'highlights': ["The Wuhan virology lab had the world's largest collection of bat coronaviruses and was conducting aggressive experiments to make these viruses more dangerous, including inserting a furin cleavage site able to infect human cells. The lab's extensive collection of bat coronaviruses and its aggressive experiments indicate a potential source for the SARS-like bat coronavirus outbreak, raising concerns about the lab's research activities.", "There is no conclusive evidence for the natural origin hypothesis of the virus, and despite circumstantial evidence, the possibility of a natural origin still exists. The lack of concrete evidence for the natural origin hypothesis raises doubts about the official narrative and suggests the need for further investigation into the virus's origins.", 'The discussion raises questions about the funding and support provided by the US government for the research conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability in disclosing relevant information. The discussion highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in disclosing the role of US government funding in supporting the research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, reflecting the need for comprehensive investigation and disclosure of relevant information.']}, {'end': 4826.425, 'start': 3856.25, 'title': 'Debate on gain of function research', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of deep philosophical discussion on gain-of-function research, the debate and mistakes made in the us, the need for transparency in relationships with the wuhan institute of virology, the call for comprehensive investigation into covid origins, and the importance of transparency and humility in scientific leadership.', 'duration': 970.175, 'highlights': ["The lack of deep philosophical discussion on gain-of-function research, ethical lines, and the focus on accusations and 'gotcha' moments frustrates the speaker personally.", 'The debate and mistakes made in the US regarding gain-of-function research, including the funding pause in 2014 and the need for more transparency and examination.', 'The need for essential transparency in the relationship between the United States government, EcoHealth Alliance, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology, and the transfer of knowledge and plans.', 'The call for a comprehensive investigation into the issue of COVID origins and the need for transparency, honesty, and vulnerability in scientific leadership, along with the importance of humility and expressing the complexity and uncertainty of the situation.', 'The importance of transparency and the greater requirement for it in the current information world, as well as the need for leaders to be honest and present conclusions based on what is known, rather than relying on trust based on their position.']}, {'end': 5286.522, 'start': 4827.265, 'title': 'Pandemic origins and critical conversations', 'summary': "Discusses the investigation into pandemic origins, advocating for transparency and condemning the chinese government's cover-up, and emphasizes the importance of asking hard questions to reveal profound ideas.", 'duration': 459.257, 'highlights': ["The Chinese government's cover-up is preventing any meaningful investigation into pandemic origins, resulting in 15 million deaths. The Chinese government's cover-up is preventing any meaningful investigation into pandemic origins, resulting in 15 million deaths.", "Advocating for transparency and condemning the Chinese government's cover-up is crucial in revealing the truth about pandemic origins. Advocating for transparency and condemning the Chinese government's cover-up is crucial in revealing the truth about pandemic origins.", 'Emphasizing the importance of asking hard questions to reveal profound ideas and nuances in critical conversations. Emphasizing the importance of asking hard questions to reveal profound ideas and nuances in critical conversations.', 'Expressing openness to learning from diverse perspectives, including criticism, to enrich understanding and promote empathy in discussions. Expressing openness to learning from diverse perspectives, including criticism, to enrich understanding and promote empathy in discussions.']}, {'end': 5950.989, 'start': 5290.183, 'title': 'Challenges in covid conversations', 'summary': 'Discusses the breakdown in private conversations between public intellectuals bret weinstein and sam harris amidst the emotional backdrop of covid, emphasizing the need for more empathy, love, and open-minded conversations to repair relationships and arrive at the truth, while highlighting the danger of information silos and the importance of engaging with diverse perspectives.', 'duration': 660.806, 'highlights': ['The breakdown in private conversations between Bret Weinstein and Sam Harris amidst the emotional backdrop of COVID, emphasizing the need for more empathy, love, and open-minded conversations to repair relationships and arrive at the truth. Breakdown in private conversations, emotional backdrop of COVID, need for empathy, love, open-minded conversations, repairing relationships, arriving at the truth', 'Emphasizing the danger of information silos and the importance of engaging with diverse perspectives to avoid being pushed into comfortable, disconnected camps. Danger of information silos, importance of engaging with diverse perspectives, avoiding disconnected camps', "Discussing the complexity of the Wuhan Institute of Virology's situation, including doubts about the truthfulness of statements made by Shijian Li and the influence of geopolitics in shaping perspectives. Complexity of Wuhan Institute of Virology's situation, doubts about truthfulness of statements, influence of geopolitics"]}], 'duration': 2619.661, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I3331328.jpg', 'highlights': ["The Chinese government's cover-up is preventing any meaningful investigation into pandemic origins, resulting in 15 million deaths.", 'The lack of transparency in the joint study between international experts and Chinese government, casting doubt on the narrative of natural origins and highlighting the potential lab origin, is a key concern.', "The Wuhan virology lab had the world's largest collection of bat coronaviruses and was conducting aggressive experiments to make these viruses more dangerous, including inserting a furin cleavage site able to infect human cells.", 'The analogy of unicorns used to question the natural origin of COVID-19, highlighting the potential lab origin, is emphasized to illustrate the improbability of the natural origin narrative.', 'The need for essential transparency in the relationship between the United States government, EcoHealth Alliance, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology, and the transfer of knowledge and plans.', 'The breakdown in private conversations between Bret Weinstein and Sam Harris amidst the emotional backdrop of COVID, emphasizing the need for more empathy, love, and open-minded conversations to repair relationships and arrive at the truth.']}, {'end': 7695.523, 'segs': [{'end': 6029.277, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5951.069, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5953.349, 'text': "Next time I'm with Michael Malice.", 'start': 5951.069, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 5955.13, 'text': 'Yeah Okay.', 'start': 5953.589, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 5958.55, 'text': 'So what do you think?', 'start': 5957.01, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 5958.931, 'text': 'I mean?', 'start': 5958.55, 'duration': 0.381}, {'end': 5967.934, 'text': 'because the reason I asked that question is how do we kind of take steps to improve without any kind of revolutionary action?', 'start': 5958.931, 'duration': 9.003}, {'end': 5979.343, 'text': 'You could say we need to inspire the Chinese people to elect, to sort of revolutionize the system from within.', 'start': 5967.974, 'duration': 11.369}, {'end': 5985.488, 'text': 'But like, who are we to suggest that? Because we have our flaws too.', 'start': 5979.363, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 5987.61, 'text': 'We should be working on our flaws as well.', 'start': 5985.568, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 5991.313, 'text': 'And so, but at the individual scientist level.', 'start': 5988.13, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 5996.337, 'text': 'What are the small acts of rebellion that can be done??', 'start': 5992.455, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 5997.998, 'text': 'How can we improve this??', 'start': 5996.437, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 6007.883, 'text': "Well, I don't know about small acts of rebellion, but I'll try to answer your question from a few different perspectives.", 'start': 5998.658, 'duration': 9.225}, {'end': 6014.646, 'text': 'So right now, actually, as we speak, there is a special session of the World Health Assembly going on.', 'start': 6007.963, 'duration': 6.683}, {'end': 6019.388, 'text': 'And the World Health Assembly is the governing authority over the World Health Organization,', 'start': 6014.666, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 6029.277, 'text': "where it's represented by states and territories 194 of them, tragically not including Taiwan, because of the Chinese government's assistance.", 'start': 6019.388, 'duration': 9.889}], 'summary': "Discussion on improving systems and small acts of rebellion for change, highlighted world health assembly's governance issues.", 'duration': 78.208, 'max_score': 5951.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I5951069.jpg'}, {'end': 6081.144, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6055.474, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6062.796, 'text': "And it's failed here because of the inherent pathologies of the Chinese government system.", 'start': 6055.474, 'duration': 7.322}, {'end': 6070.879, 'text': 'We are suffering from a pandemic that exists because of the internal pathologies of the Chinese state.', 'start': 6063.136, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 6076.622, 'text': "and that's why, on one hand, i totally get this impulse, but we do it our way.", 'start': 6071.579, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 6078.022, 'text': 'they do it their way.', 'start': 6076.622, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 6081.144, 'text': "who's to say that that one way is better?", 'start': 6078.022, 'duration': 3.122}], 'summary': 'Pandemic due to chinese government pathologies.', 'duration': 25.67, 'max_score': 6055.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I6055474.jpg'}, {'end': 6180.235, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6129.304, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6132.705, 'text': 'because they have no say but to their government.', 'start': 6129.304, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 6136.846, 'text': "They weren't democratically elected, but they are recognized as the government.", 'start': 6132.725, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 6149.657, 'text': 'But some significant percentage of the 15 million people now dead from COVID are dead because in the earliest days following the outbreak,', 'start': 6137.674, 'duration': 11.983}, {'end': 6156.859, 'text': 'whatever the origin, the voices of people sounding the alarm were suppressed.', 'start': 6149.657, 'duration': 7.202}, {'end': 6165.581, 'text': 'Just like in Chernobyl, the Chinese government had a greater incentive to lie to the international community than to tell the truth.', 'start': 6157.259, 'duration': 8.322}, {'end': 6171.886, 'text': 'And everybody was incentivized to pretty much do the wrong thing.', 'start': 6166.681, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 6180.235, 'text': "And so that's why I think one of the big messages of this pandemic is that all of our fates are tied to everybody else's fates.", 'start': 6171.926, 'duration': 8.309}], 'summary': 'Suppression of voices in early days led to significant covid deaths, highlighting global interdependence.', 'duration': 50.931, 'max_score': 6129.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I6129304.jpg'}, {'end': 7069.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7046.496, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7053.301, 'text': 'And I guess that became, because that got censored, like mentions of Winnie the Pooh got censored all across China.', 'start': 7046.496, 'duration': 6.805}, {'end': 7060.186, 'text': 'Winnie the Pooh became the unknowing revolutionary hero that represents freedom of speech.', 'start': 7053.901, 'duration': 6.285}, {'end': 7069.75, 'text': "and so on, but it's just such a absurd because we spend so much time in this conversation talking about the censorship.", 'start': 7061.026, 'duration': 8.724}], 'summary': 'Winnie the pooh symbolizes freedom of speech, censored in china.', 'duration': 23.254, 'max_score': 7046.496, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7046496.jpg'}, {'end': 7191.775, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7167.477, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7178.325, 'text': "I mean, the thing is, if they open up freedom of speech really in a meaningful way, they can't maintain their current form of government.", 'start': 7167.477, 'duration': 10.848}, {'end': 7182.488, 'text': "And it's connected, as I was saying before, to the origins of the pandemic.", 'start': 7178.345, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 7188.813, 'text': 'I mean, if my hypothesis was right, that was the big choice that the national government had.', 'start': 7182.549, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 7191.775, 'text': 'really investigate the origins of the pandemic?', 'start': 7189.614, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': 'Freedom of speech threatens current government; pandemic origins under scrutiny.', 'duration': 24.298, 'max_score': 7167.477, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7167477.jpg'}], 'start': 5951.069, 'title': 'Chinese government and cultural challenges', 'summary': 'Discusses improving without revolutionary action, the global pandemic treaty negotiation, language barriers and cultural understanding, and censorship in china, emphasizing the interconnectedness of global fates and the need for individual and systemic improvements in the chinese government system.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6007.883, 'start': 5951.069, 'title': 'Improving without revolutionary action', 'summary': 'Discusses the idea of improving without revolutionary action, considering the need to inspire the chinese people to revolutionize the system from within and the importance of working on individual flaws, while exploring the possibility of small acts of rebellion at the scientist level.', 'duration': 56.814, 'highlights': ['Discussing the need to inspire the Chinese people to revolutionize the system from within Addressing the idea of inspiring the Chinese people for internal revolution', 'Importance of working on individual flaws Emphasizing the significance of addressing individual flaws', 'Exploring the possibility of small acts of rebellion at the scientist level Considering the potential for small acts of rebellion at the scientist level']}, {'end': 6449.231, 'start': 6007.963, 'title': 'Global pandemic treaty and chinese government pathologies', 'summary': 'Discusses the ongoing special session of the world health assembly negotiating a global pandemic treaty while highlighting the inherent pathologies of the chinese government system, the lack of comprehensive international investigation into pandemic origins, and the gag order on chinese scientists, emphasizing the interconnectedness of global fates.', 'duration': 441.268, 'highlights': ["The ongoing special session of the World Health Assembly is negotiating a global pandemic treaty in response to the current crisis, involving 194 states and territories, while tragically not including Taiwan due to the Chinese government's resistance.", 'The inherent pathologies of the Chinese government system have contributed to the failure of the best available system in responding to the current pandemic, with a similar process failing after the first SARS outbreak.', 'The lack of civil and political rights in China has led to the suppression of voices sounding the alarm in the earliest days of the pandemic, resulting in a significant percentage of the 15 million COVID-related deaths.', 'There has been no comprehensive international investigation into pandemic origins, and the gag order on Chinese scientists prohibits them from speaking without prior government approval, hindering the transparency and accountability of information about the pandemic.', "The interconnectedness of global fates is emphasized, stating that while focusing on local communities and countries is crucial, the impact of global events on each other's lives makes everyone a stakeholder in what happens elsewhere."]}, {'end': 6921.035, 'start': 6449.251, 'title': 'Language barriers and cultural understanding', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges of language barriers in understanding and appreciating different cultures, particularly chinese culture, and the impact of journalism on bridging cultural gaps, along with insights on xi jinping's goals and the potential division between the united states and china.", 'duration': 471.784, 'highlights': ['The difficulty in fully appreciating the literature, conversations, and subtleties of different cultures due to language barriers is emphasized, indicating a longing for a deeper understanding of various cultures. None', "Criticism of journalism's lack of effort to understand and empathize with different cultures is pointed out, with a specific example of American journalists failing to invest time in learning about China, impacting their ability to have meaningful conversations with individuals from different cultures. None", "Insights into the rich history and culture of China are shared, acknowledging the beauty of Chinese culture despite criticisms of the Chinese government's actions, highlighting the complexities of the relationship between culture and politics. None", "Xi Jinping's goal of establishing China as the leading country in the world by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the modern Chinese state is discussed, expressing concerns about the potential conflict with the United States' interests and the challenge of sharing a vision that is internationally acceptable. None"]}, {'end': 7695.523, 'start': 6921.655, 'title': 'Censorship in china', 'summary': 'Highlights the pettiness of censorship in china, the impact on freedom of speech, and the potential consequences of opening up freedom of speech in china, with references to specific cases and historical events, suggesting that the current form of chinese government may not sustain under transparent public scrutiny.', 'duration': 773.868, 'highlights': ['Pettiness of Censorship The illustration of censorship through the ban on Winnie the Pooh meme and the impact on freedom of speech, highlighting the pettiness of censorship in China.', 'Impact on Freedom of Speech The cases of Peng Shui, Jack Ma, and Fan Bingbing demonstrate the severe consequences of expressing individual opinions in China, indicating the lack of freedom of speech and the fear of reprisal for criticism.', 'Consequences of Opening Up Freedom of Speech The potential consequences of opening up freedom of speech in China, including the inability to maintain the current form of government, with references to the origins of the pandemic and historical events like the Great Leap Forward, suggesting that public transparency may lead to the collapse of the current system.']}], 'duration': 1744.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I5951069.jpg', 'highlights': ["The interconnectedness of global fates is emphasized, stating that while focusing on local communities and countries is crucial, the impact of global events on each other's lives makes everyone a stakeholder in what happens elsewhere.", 'The lack of civil and political rights in China has led to the suppression of voices sounding the alarm in the earliest days of the pandemic, resulting in a significant percentage of the 15 million COVID-related deaths.', "The ongoing special session of the World Health Assembly is negotiating a global pandemic treaty in response to the current crisis, involving 194 states and territories, while tragically not including Taiwan due to the Chinese government's resistance.", 'The importance of working on individual flaws is emphasized, emphasizing the significance of addressing individual flaws.', 'The illustration of censorship through the ban on Winnie the Pooh meme and the impact on freedom of speech, highlighting the pettiness of censorship in China.', 'The potential consequences of opening up freedom of speech in China, including the inability to maintain the current form of government, with references to the origins of the pandemic and historical events like the Great Leap Forward, suggesting that public transparency may lead to the collapse of the current system.', 'Discussing the need to inspire the Chinese people to revolutionize the system from within Addressing the idea of inspiring the Chinese people for internal revolution', 'The inherent pathologies of the Chinese government system have contributed to the failure of the best available system in responding to the current pandemic, with a similar process failing after the first SARS outbreak.']}, {'end': 9765.121, 'segs': [{'end': 7787.201, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7761.273, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 7769.92, 'text': 'and November 16th as the average estimate for when the patient zero got infected when the first human infection happened.', 'start': 7761.273, 'duration': 8.647}, {'end': 7772.036, 'text': 'So just two points.', 'start': 7770.476, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 7777.438, 'text': "One is it may be that there's infectee zero and patient zero.", 'start': 7772.177, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 7783.54, 'text': "It could be that the first person infected was asymptomatic because we know there's a lot of people who are asymptomatic.", 'start': 7777.838, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 7787.201, 'text': "And then there's the question of well, who is patient?", 'start': 7784.3, 'duration': 2.901}], 'summary': "November 16th is estimated as patient zero's infection date, raising questions about asymptomatic carriers.", 'duration': 25.928, 'max_score': 7761.273, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7761273.jpg'}, {'end': 7930.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7902.27, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7911.674, 'text': 'Another possibility is somehow, bizarrely, there are these infected animals that come from Southern China, most likely.', 'start': 7902.27, 'duration': 9.404}, {'end': 7915.996, 'text': "Maybe there's only one of them that's infected.", 'start': 7913.575, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 7919.857, 'text': "How could that possibly be? And it's only sent to Wuhan.", 'start': 7916.116, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 7926.741, 'text': "It's not sent anywhere else, to any of the markets there or whatever, and then maybe somebody in a market is infected.", 'start': 7919.897, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 7930.003, 'text': "That's one remote possibility, but a possibility.", 'start': 7926.781, 'duration': 3.222}], 'summary': 'Remote possibility of infected animals from southern china causing outbreak in wuhan.', 'duration': 27.733, 'max_score': 7902.27, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7902270.jpg'}, {'end': 7984.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7954.36, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7960.165, 'text': 'Blood samples from them were taken to the Wuhan Institute of Virology and elsewhere.', 'start': 7954.36, 'duration': 5.805}, {'end': 7973.76, 'text': 'And then after that, there were multiple site visits to that mine, collecting viral samples that were brought to the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'start': 7960.845, 'duration': 12.915}, {'end': 7984.508, 'text': 'included among those samples were There was this now infamous RATG13 virus, which is among the genetically closest viruses to SARS-CoV-2..', 'start': 7973.76, 'duration': 10.748}], 'summary': 'Blood samples collected from the mine included the ratg13 virus, genetically close to sars-cov-2.', 'duration': 30.148, 'max_score': 7954.36, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7954360.jpg'}, {'end': 8667.616, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8644.338, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 8652.343, 'text': "It's not organized to have it and the states have not allowed it, so it's dependent on member states for providing it information.", 'start': 8644.338, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 8664.654, 'text': "And because it's a poorly funded organization dependent on its bosses, who are these governments, its natural instinct isn't to condemn its bosses.", 'start': 8653.303, 'duration': 11.351}, {'end': 8667.616, 'text': "It's to say, well, let's quietly work with everybody.", 'start': 8664.814, 'duration': 2.802}], 'summary': 'Poorly funded organization relies on member states for information, hesitant to condemn governments.', 'duration': 23.278, 'max_score': 8644.338, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I8644338.jpg'}, {'end': 8884.918, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8855.439, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8859.962, 'text': 'they sat on it for two weeks when they shared it against their will.', 'start': 8855.439, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 8860.702, 'text': 'it was incredible.', 'start': 8859.962, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 8871.928, 'text': "moderna. 48 hours later, after getting the information, getting the sequence genome, they had the formulation for what's now the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.", 'start': 8860.702, 'duration': 11.226}, {'end': 8874.83, 'text': "But that's two critical weeks.", 'start': 8871.968, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 8884.918, 'text': 'In those early days, they blocked the World Health Organization from sending its experts to Wuhan for more than three weeks.', 'start': 8875.351, 'duration': 9.567}], 'summary': 'Moderna developed covid-19 vaccine in 48 hours, but delayed sharing for 2 weeks.', 'duration': 29.479, 'max_score': 8855.439, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I8855439.jpg'}, {'end': 8931.163, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8904.145, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8911.948, 'text': 'They fought internally in the World Health Organization to prevent the declaration of a global emergency.', 'start': 8904.145, 'duration': 7.803}, {'end': 8913.87, 'text': 'So China definitely.', 'start': 8912.168, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 8920.755, 'text': "I mean I couldn't be stronger in my critique of China, particularly what it did in those early days,", 'start': 8913.87, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 8924.478, 'text': "but it really what it's doing even to today is outrageous.", 'start': 8920.755, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 8925.999, 'text': 'So that was So.', 'start': 8924.518, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 8931.163, 'text': 'then there was the question of well, how do we examine what actually happened?', 'start': 8925.999, 'duration': 5.164}], 'summary': "Internal fight in who to prevent global emergency; strong critique of china's actions in early days.", 'duration': 27.018, 'max_score': 8904.145, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I8904145.jpg'}, {'end': 9026.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8997.69, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9007.673, 'text': 'government affiliated Chinese experts and half were independent international experts, but organized by the WHO.', 'start': 8997.69, 'duration': 9.983}, {'end': 9012.315, 'text': 'And then it took six months to negotiate the terms of reference.', 'start': 9008.374, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 9016.556, 'text': 'And again, while China was doing all this coverup, they delayed and delayed and delayed.', 'start': 9012.335, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 9026.081, 'text': 'And by the terms of reference that were negotiated, China had veto power over who got to be a member of the international group,', 'start': 9016.736, 'duration': 9.345}], 'summary': 'Who-led investigation included half independent experts, took 6 months to negotiate terms, china had veto power', 'duration': 28.391, 'max_score': 8997.69, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I8997690.jpg'}, {'end': 9105.555, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9054.377, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9067.025, 'text': "So then it took, now it's January of this year, January 2021, this deeply flawed, deeply compromised international group is sent to Wuhan.", 'start': 9054.377, 'duration': 12.648}, {'end': 9073.252, 'text': "So what's the connection between this group and the joint study? So the joint study, it had the Chinese side and the international side.", 'start': 9068.067, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 9079.719, 'text': 'So these international experts, then part of their examination was going for one month to Wuhan.', 'start': 9073.533, 'duration': 6.186}, {'end': 9083.803, 'text': 'And the nature of the flaws of this international group has..', 'start': 9079.939, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 9084.904, 'text': 'Okay, really important point.', 'start': 9083.803, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 9086.666, 'text': "And I'm sorry, I wasn't clear on that.", 'start': 9084.944, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 9094.331, 'text': 'Rather, the mandate of what they were doing was not to investigate the origins of the pandemic.', 'start': 9087.046, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 9105.555, 'text': 'It was to have a joint study into the zoonotic origins of the virus, which was interpreted to mean the natural origins hypothesis.', 'start': 9095.011, 'duration': 10.544}], 'summary': 'In january 2021, an international group was sent to wuhan for a joint study on the zoonotic origins of the virus.', 'duration': 51.178, 'max_score': 9054.377, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9054377.jpg'}, {'end': 9664.534, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9611.784, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9619.113, 'text': 'There were some higher profile articles by Nicholas Wade and and Nick Baker and others.', 'start': 9611.784, 'duration': 7.329}, {'end': 9623.858, 'text': 'And those collectively shifted the conversation.', 'start': 9619.874, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 9632.909, 'text': "And then really impressively, the WHO, with Tedros's leadership, did something that was really incredible.", 'start': 9624.579, 'duration': 8.33}, {'end': 9636.352, 'text': 'And that is earlier this year.', 'start': 9633.63, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 9638.433, 'text': 'they meaning the leadership of the WHO.', 'start': 9636.352, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 9646.437, 'text': "not the World Health Assembly, but the leadership of the WHO announced the establishment of what's called SAGO,", 'start': 9638.433, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 9650.68, 'text': 'the Scientific Advisory Group on the Origins of Novel Pathogens.', 'start': 9646.437, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 9659.329, 'text': "Basically, what they did was overrule their own governing board and say, we're going to create our own entity.", 'start': 9651.66, 'duration': 7.669}, {'end': 9664.534, 'text': 'It basically dissolved that international, deeply flawed international joint study group.', 'start': 9659.349, 'duration': 5.185}], 'summary': 'Who established sago to investigate origins of novel pathogens, dissolving flawed international joint study group.', 'duration': 52.75, 'max_score': 9611.784, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9611784.jpg'}], 'start': 7695.643, 'title': 'Investigating covid-19 origins', 'summary': "Delves into the speculation and investigation of covid-19 origins, including patient zero theories, potential origins, who's role, and challenges in international investigations, stressing the need for a comprehensive inquiry into the pandemic's origins.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7901.83, 'start': 7695.643, 'title': 'Origin of covid-19: patient zero speculation', 'summary': 'Discusses the speculation around the origin of covid-19, including the concept of patient zero, potential timelines, and the definition of patient zero, with a focus on the infectee zero and patient zero. it also touches on the possibility of an asymptomatic infectee and the debate around the origin of the virus.', 'duration': 206.187, 'highlights': ['The concept of patient zero and the speculation around the origin of COVID-19, including potential timelines and the definition of patient zero, with a focus on the infectee zero and patient zero. discussion of patient zero concept, speculation on origin, potential timelines, focus on infectee zero and patient zero', 'The possibility of an asymptomatic infectee and the debate around the origin of the virus. discussion of asymptomatic infectee, debate on virus origin', 'Speculation on the origin of COVID-19, including the concept of patient zero and potential timelines. speculation on COVID-19 origin, patient zero concept, potential timelines']}, {'end': 8479.27, 'start': 7902.27, 'title': 'Investigating possible origins of covid-19', 'summary': 'Explores various potential origins of covid-19, including infected animals from southern china, researchers from the wuhan institute of virology, and the possibility of a laboratory-related incident, highlighting the need for a comprehensive international investigation in wuhan.', 'duration': 577, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the possibility of COVID-19 originating from infected animals from Southern China, potentially linked to the Wuhan market, and the transmission to humans. The possibility of COVID-19 originating from infected animals from Southern China, potentially linked to the Wuhan market, and the transmission to humans.', 'It mentions the presence of infected miners in a copper mine in Southern China in 2012, with some exhibiting COVID-19-like symptoms and the collection of blood samples taken to the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Presence of infected miners in a copper mine in Southern China in 2012, exhibiting COVID-19-like symptoms and the collection of blood samples taken to the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'The discussion includes the collection of viral samples from a mine in Southern China, including the infamous RATG13 virus, and the potential transmission to Wuhan Institute of Virology researchers, raising concerns about laboratory-related incidents. Collection of viral samples from a mine in Southern China, including the infamous RATG13 virus, and the potential transmission to Wuhan Institute of Virology researchers, raising concerns about laboratory-related incidents.']}, {'end': 8786.726, 'start': 8482.132, 'title': "Who's role in the pandemic", 'summary': 'Discusses the history and role of the who, its shortcomings during the pandemic, and the influence of member states, highlighting the challenges faced by the organization and its director general in addressing global health issues.', 'duration': 304.594, 'highlights': ["The WHO was created in 1948 to address global health issues after World War II, and despite criticisms, it remains an essential organization. The historical context of the WHO's establishment and its essential role in addressing global health issues.", "The WHO's dependence on member states for information and funding limits its ability to independently confront global health challenges. Highlighting the limitations of the WHO in terms of surveillance and its reliance on member states for information and funding.", 'The influence of member states, particularly China, on the appointment of the WHO director general and their impact on decision-making during the pandemic. Discussing the influence of member states, specifically China, in appointing the WHO director general and its impact on decision-making during the pandemic.', 'The challenges faced by the WHO director general in navigating diplomatic relationships and addressing misinformation during the pandemic. Highlighting the difficulties faced by the WHO director general in managing diplomatic relationships and addressing misinformation during the pandemic.']}, {'end': 9123.202, 'start': 8786.726, 'title': 'Covid-19 origin investigation', 'summary': "Discusses the early cover-up and delays by china in sharing crucial information on the covid-19 virus, the international investigation compromised by chinese influence, and the limitations on investigating the lab incident origin, impacting the understanding of the pandemic's origins.", 'duration': 336.476, 'highlights': ['The Chinese government delayed sharing the sequenced genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for two critical weeks, which led to a delay in the development of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.', 'China blocked the World Health Organization from sending experts to Wuhan for over three weeks and lied about human-to-human transmission, implicating their aggressive cover-up actions.', 'The Chinese government imposed trade sanctions on Australia and influenced the World Health Assembly to mandate a compromised joint study, with China having veto power and control over data access, hindering a thorough investigation into the origins of the pandemic.', 'The international group sent to Wuhan for investigation was limited to examining the natural origins hypothesis, excluding the empowered examination of the lab incident origin, impacting the comprehensiveness of the investigation.']}, {'end': 9765.121, 'start': 9124.483, 'title': 'Who investigation on covid-19 origins', 'summary': 'Highlights the flaws in the who investigation on covid-19 origins, revealing the biased selection of experts, lack of access to raw data, and the subsequent establishment of a new advisory group by the who, culminating in a push for a comprehensive investigation.', 'duration': 640.638, 'highlights': ['The biased selection of experts for the investigation, with a key American expert involved in funding relationship with the Wuhan Institute of Virology, leading to a compromised study group. Key American expert involved in funding relationship with the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'Lack of access to raw data and the inability to conduct an audit during the investigation, undermining the credibility of the findings. Inability to conduct an audit and lack of access to raw data.', 'The establishment of SAGO by the WHO, overruling the flawed international joint study group and adding experts in auditing of lab incidents, signaling a shift towards a comprehensive investigation. Establishment of SAGO by the WHO and addition of experts in auditing of lab incidents.']}], 'duration': 2069.478, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I7695643.jpg', 'highlights': ['The establishment of SAGO by the WHO and addition of experts in auditing of lab incidents.', 'The biased selection of experts for the investigation, with a key American expert involved in funding relationship with the Wuhan Institute of Virology.', 'The international group sent to Wuhan for investigation was limited to examining the natural origins hypothesis, excluding the empowered examination of the lab incident origin, impacting the comprehensiveness of the investigation.', 'The Chinese government imposed trade sanctions on Australia and influenced the World Health Assembly to mandate a compromised joint study, with China having veto power and control over data access, hindering a thorough investigation into the origins of the pandemic.', 'The Chinese government delayed sharing the sequenced genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for two critical weeks, which led to a delay in the development of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.', 'The challenges faced by the WHO director general in navigating diplomatic relationships and addressing misinformation during the pandemic.', 'The influence of member states, particularly China, on the appointment of the WHO director general and their impact on decision-making during the pandemic.', "The WHO's dependence on member states for information and funding limits its ability to independently confront global health challenges.", 'The discussion includes the collection of viral samples from a mine in Southern China, including the infamous RATG13 virus, and the potential transmission to Wuhan Institute of Virology researchers, raising concerns about laboratory-related incidents.', 'The possibility of COVID-19 originating from infected animals from Southern China, potentially linked to the Wuhan market, and the transmission to humans.', 'Speculation on the origin of COVID-19, including the concept of patient zero and potential timelines.']}, {'end': 11341.591, 'segs': [{'end': 9843.86, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9814.249, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9818.154, 'text': 'So like the way to change the momentum of large institutions is through the leadership.', 'start': 9814.249, 'duration': 3.905}, {'end': 9821.456, 'text': 'Leadership and empowerment.', 'start': 9818.895, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 9824.536, 'text': 'As I mentioned, the World Health Assembly is meeting now.', 'start': 9821.916, 'duration': 2.62}, {'end': 9830.697, 'text': "I think that it shouldn't be that we require super humans.", 'start': 9825.256, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 9833.658, 'text': 'There are some people who are big critics of WHO.', 'start': 9830.797, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 9840.399, 'text': 'The leader of the WHO in SARS-1 was definitely more aggressive.', 'start': 9834.038, 'duration': 6.361}, {'end': 9843.86, 'text': 'She had a different set of powers at that time.', 'start': 9840.459, 'duration': 3.401}], 'summary': 'Leadership is crucial in changing institutions; past who leaders showed more aggression and empowerment.', 'duration': 29.611, 'max_score': 9814.249, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9814249.jpg'}, {'end': 9938.627, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9905.824, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9913.129, 'text': "But we have all these demands, rightfully so, of the WHO, which doesn't have the authorities.", 'start': 9905.824, 'duration': 7.305}, {'end': 9916.492, 'text': 'The WHO itself only controls 20% of its own budget.', 'start': 9913.31, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 9920.315, 'text': "So the governments are saying, we're going to give you money to do this or that.", 'start': 9916.692, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 9928.18, 'text': 'So we need a stronger WHO to protect us, but we also have to build that.', 'start': 9921.676, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 9938.627, 'text': "So looking a little bit into the future, let's first step into the past, sort of the philosophical question about China.", 'start': 9928.961, 'duration': 9.666}], 'summary': 'Who controls only 20% of its budget; needs to be stronger to meet demands.', 'duration': 32.803, 'max_score': 9905.824, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9905824.jpg'}, {'end': 9997.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9960.737, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9965.621, 'text': 'but a government on whose geographic territory.', 'start': 9960.737, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 9969.404, 'text': "say it's a lab leak.", 'start': 9965.621, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 9980.654, 'text': 'a lab leak occurred that has resulted in trillions of dollars of loss, countless of lives, just all kinds of damage to the world.', 'start': 9969.404, 'duration': 11.25}, {'end': 9991.211, 'text': 'if they were to admit or show data that could serve as evidence for a lab leak.', 'start': 9984.207, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 9997.035, 'text': "that's something that people could like, in the worst case, start wars over.", 'start': 9991.211, 'duration': 5.824}], 'summary': 'A potential lab leak has caused trillions in losses and could lead to conflict.', 'duration': 36.298, 'max_score': 9960.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9960737.jpg'}, {'end': 10164.182, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10137.275, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10147.101, 'text': 'They should have allowed a full and comprehensive investigation with international partnerships to understand what went wrong.', 'start': 10137.275, 'duration': 9.826}, {'end': 10150.365, 'text': 'They should have shared their raw data.', 'start': 10147.922, 'duration': 2.443}, {'end': 10158.215, 'text': 'They should have allowed their scientists to speak and write publicly, because nobody knows more about this stuff, certainly in the early days,', 'start': 10150.625, 'duration': 7.59}, {'end': 10159.877, 'text': 'than their scientists do.', 'start': 10158.215, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 10164.182, 'text': "So it's relatively easy to say what they should do.", 'start': 10160.618, 'duration': 3.564}], 'summary': 'China should have allowed international investigation and data sharing.', 'duration': 26.907, 'max_score': 10137.275, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I10137275.jpg'}, {'end': 10232.281, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10207.708, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 10214.632, 'text': "So is there a chance that Xi Jinping could be deposed if it was proven that this comes from a lab? I think there's a real possibility.", 'start': 10207.708, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 10221.835, 'text': 'Would people in the United States Congress, for example, demand reparations from China?', 'start': 10215.652, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 10232.281, 'text': "So we've had $4.5 trillion of stimulus all of the economic losses, and we owe a lot of money to China from our debt.", 'start': 10221.975, 'duration': 10.306}], 'summary': "Possibility of xi jinping's deposition if lab origin proven, potential us reparations, $4.5 trillion stimulus and debt owed to china.", 'duration': 24.573, 'max_score': 10207.708, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I10207708.jpg'}, {'end': 10336.915, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10281.283, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10285.185, 'text': 'So the Chinese are very, very aware of that.', 'start': 10281.283, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 10291.231, 'text': 'But the difference, of course, with Chernobyl, the damage to the rest of the world was not as nearly significant as it was with COVID.', 'start': 10285.565, 'duration': 5.666}, {'end': 10303.663, 'text': 'So you say that the coverup is a crime, but everything you just described, the response of the rest of the world is, I could say, unfair.', 'start': 10292.092, 'duration': 11.571}, {'end': 10313.275, 'text': 'If we say the best possible version of the story, you know, lab leaks happen.', 'start': 10305.767, 'duration': 7.508}, {'end': 10317.2, 'text': "They shouldn't happen, but they happen.", 'start': 10313.976, 'duration': 3.224}, {'end': 10324.883, 'text': "And how is that on the Chinese government? I mean, what's a good example? Well, the Union Carbide.", 'start': 10317.94, 'duration': 6.943}, {'end': 10325.844, 'text': 'Union Carbide.', 'start': 10325.144, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 10328.347, 'text': 'There was this American company operating in India.', 'start': 10326.004, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 10330.228, 'text': 'They had this leak.', 'start': 10329.147, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 10332.09, 'text': 'All these people were killed.', 'start': 10330.308, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 10335.053, 'text': 'The company admitted responsibility.', 'start': 10332.651, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 10336.915, 'text': 'I was working in the White House.', 'start': 10335.153, 'duration': 1.762}], 'summary': "Chinese government's response to covid compared to chernobyl, referencing union carbide incident.", 'duration': 55.632, 'max_score': 10281.283, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I10281283.jpg'}, {'end': 10724.111, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10671.346, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10689.556, 'text': "So the challenge with that is one it's hard to imagine a fully accountable future system to prevent these kinds of terrible pandemics that's built upon obfuscation and cover up regarding the origins of this worst pandemic in a century.", 'start': 10671.346, 'duration': 18.21}, {'end': 10693.678, 'text': "So it's just like that foundation isn't strong enough.", 'start': 10689.616, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 10700.682, 'text': 'Second, China across the fields of science is looking to leapfrog the rest of the world.', 'start': 10694.418, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 10706.965, 'text': 'So China has current plans to build BSL-4 labs in every of its province.', 'start': 10700.782, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 10712.388, 'text': "Yeah, they're scaling up the- They're scaling up Everything ends up with the plan on leading.", 'start': 10707.085, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 10718.089, 'text': "And that's why, again, I was saying before I think there's a lot of similarity between this story at least as I see it,", 'start': 10712.408, 'duration': 5.681}, {'end': 10724.111, 'text': 'at least the most probable case and these other areas where China gets knowledge and then tries to leapfrog.', 'start': 10718.089, 'duration': 6.022}], 'summary': 'China plans to build bsl-4 labs in every province, aiming to leapfrog in science and technology.', 'duration': 52.765, 'max_score': 10671.346, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I10671346.jpg'}, {'end': 10903.982, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10878.516, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 10888.538, 'text': "You have to understand that we're all the same to some degree, and that kind of empathy is required to figure out solutions for the future.", 'start': 10878.516, 'duration': 10.022}, {'end': 10893.72, 'text': "It's just in empathizing with the Chinese government in this whole situation.", 'start': 10889.699, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 10903.982, 'text': "I'm still not sure I understand how to minimize the chance of a coverup in the future, whether for China or for the United States.", 'start': 10893.72, 'duration': 10.262}], 'summary': 'Empathy is key to finding solutions for the future, including minimizing cover-ups in both china and the united states.', 'duration': 25.466, 'max_score': 10878.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I10878516.jpg'}, {'end': 11106.489, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11082.961, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 11090.563, 'text': "If the government, just like we fought against the British, if the government's wrong, we want to at least have some authority.", 'start': 11082.961, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 11093.584, 'text': "So that's our system is to have that kind of voice.", 'start': 11091.063, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 11097.525, 'text': 'And that is the public voice actually balances.', 'start': 11093.624, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 11106.489, 'text': "Because every government, as you correctly said, Every government has the same instincts, and that's why we have and it's imperfect here,", 'start': 11097.545, 'duration': 8.944}], 'summary': 'The public voice balances government instincts imperfectly.', 'duration': 23.528, 'max_score': 11082.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11082961.jpg'}, {'end': 11179.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11147.793, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 11158.857, 'text': 'But my kind of best friend in the United States Senate who I talk to all the time is a senator from Kansas named Roger Marshall.', 'start': 11147.793, 'duration': 11.064}, {'end': 11167.103, 'text': "And Roger, I mean, if you just lined up our positions on all sorts of things, we're radically different.", 'start': 11159.617, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 11171.592, 'text': 'But we have a great relationship.', 'start': 11168.971, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 11179.496, 'text': "We talk all the time, and we share a commitment to saying, well, let's ask the tough questions about how this started.", 'start': 11171.652, 'duration': 7.844}], 'summary': 'Senator roger marshall and i, despite differing positions, share a strong relationship and commitment to asking tough questions.', 'duration': 31.703, 'max_score': 11147.793, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11147793.jpg'}, {'end': 11264.594, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11242.982, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 11254.188, 'text': "Well, I mean we're having like several layers of conversation, but I think, whether a lab leak hypothesis is true or not,", 'start': 11242.982, 'duration': 11.206}, {'end': 11260.952, 'text': 'it does seem that the likelihood of a coverup, if it leaked from a lab, is high.', 'start': 11254.188, 'duration': 6.764}, {'end': 11264.594, 'text': "And that's the more important conversation to be having.", 'start': 11260.972, 'duration': 3.622}], 'summary': 'Likelihood of a lab leak coverup is high, prompting important conversation.', 'duration': 21.612, 'max_score': 11242.982, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11242982.jpg'}], 'start': 9765.702, 'title': 'Strengthening global health accountability', 'summary': "Discusses the need for full accountability and expansion of the who's mandate, emphasizing the influence of china, the role of leadership, and the challenges of transparency, highlighting the limitations of the who and the need for stronger authority and funding. it also covers the importance of chinese government transparency, the need for future investments to prevent lab leaks, and the importance of free speech in holding the government accountable.", 'chapters': [{'end': 10047.527, 'start': 9765.702, 'title': 'Strengthening the who for global health', 'summary': "Discusses the need for full accountability and expansion of the who's mandate, emphasizing the influence of china, the role of leadership, and the challenges of transparency in the context of a potential lab leak, highlighting the limitations of the who and the need for stronger authority and funding.", 'duration': 281.825, 'highlights': ['The WHO needs full accountability and expanded mandate to address the influence of China and the limitations of its current authority, as it only controls 20% of its budget.', 'The role of leadership is crucial in changing the momentum of large institutions like the WHO, requiring strong-willed and empowered individuals in key roles.', 'The challenges of transparency in the context of a potential lab leak are discussed, highlighting the potential consequences for governments and the incentive for the Chinese government to be transparent.']}, {'end': 10576.416, 'start': 10047.527, 'title': 'Chinese government transparency', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of chinese government transparency in handling crises, such as the covid-19 pandemic, the potential geopolitical implications, and the comparison with historical incidents, emphasizing the need for accountability and international cooperation.', 'duration': 528.889, 'highlights': ['The Chinese government should strive for total transparency by allowing international partnerships, sharing raw data, and enabling scientists to speak publicly. The ideal scenario for the Chinese government involves embracing transparency by allowing international partnerships, sharing raw data, and enabling scientists to speak publicly, which would contribute to global understanding and response to crises.', 'The potential consequences of a proven lab incident causing the pandemic include the possibility of Xi Jinping being deposed, demands for reparations from the US and other countries, and major geopolitical implications. A proven lab incident causing the pandemic could lead to significant consequences such as Xi Jinping being deposed, demands for reparations from the US and other affected countries, and major geopolitical shifts, indicating the high stakes involved in transparency and accountability.', 'Comparison with historical incidents like Chernobyl highlights the potential impact of a cover-up, emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability in handling crises. The comparison with historical incidents like Chernobyl underscores the potential impact of a cover-up, emphasizing the critical role of transparency and accountability in effectively managing and addressing crises.', "The importance of taking responsibility and providing reparations is illustrated through the example of a US government response to a similar incident involving Union Carbide in India. The example of the US government's response to a similar incident involving Union Carbide in India illustrates the significance of taking responsibility and providing reparations, highlighting the need for accountability in managing crisis situations.", 'The recommended approach for the Chinese government involves acknowledging the lab incident, committing to global cooperation, and establishing a fund for COVID-19 victims, demonstrating accountability and international collaboration. The recommended approach for the Chinese government includes acknowledging the lab incident, committing to global cooperation, and establishing a fund for COVID-19 victims, demonstrating accountability and emphasizing the importance of international collaboration in addressing the crisis.']}, {'end': 11005.803, 'start': 10576.977, 'title': 'Lab leak, future investments, and sovereignty', 'summary': "Discusses the need for future investments to prevent lab leaks, particularly focusing on china's plans to build bsl-4 labs and the challenge of accountability due to historical and sovereignty issues.", 'duration': 428.826, 'highlights': ["China's plan to build BSL-4 labs in every province poses a significant challenge in preventing future lab leaks and highlights the urgency of investing in testing infrastructure. China's extensive plans to scale up BSL-4 labs in every province, posing a challenge to global efforts to prevent future lab leaks and emphasizing the need for significant investments in testing infrastructure.", 'The focus on national sovereignty, particularly in the context of historical background and conflicting perspectives between Western and Asian states, presents challenges in establishing a global governance system to prevent future pandemics. The conflicting perspectives on national sovereignty, particularly between Western and Asian states, present challenges in establishing a global governance system to prevent future pandemics.', 'The need for empathy and understanding in addressing the challenges of minimizing the chance of a coverup in the future, regardless of the country of origin of a potential virus outbreak, highlights the complexity of the issue and the necessity for a global approach. The necessity for empathy and understanding in addressing the challenges of minimizing the chance of a coverup in the future, regardless of the country of origin of a potential virus outbreak, highlights the complexity of the issue and the necessity for a global approach.']}, {'end': 11341.591, 'start': 11006.503, 'title': 'Government accountability and free speech', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of free speech in holding the government accountable, the balance of power, and the likelihood of a cover-up in the event of a lab leak, with emphasis on bipartisan collaboration and evidence of a cover-up in the pandemic's origin.", 'duration': 335.088, 'highlights': ["The government's accountability is upheld through free speech to counter its potentially wrongful instincts, as established by the founding fathers, ensuring a balance of power and inalienable rights. Importance of free speech in holding the government accountable, balance of power, and inalienable rights.", "The likelihood of a cover-up in the event of a lab leak is emphasized, with evidence of a cover-up in the pandemic's origin, supported by the imprisonment of a citizen journalist in China for exposing the truth. Emphasis on the likelihood of a cover-up in the event of a lab leak, evidence of a cover-up in the pandemic's origin, imprisonment of a citizen journalist in China for exposing the truth.", "Bipartisan collaboration is illustrated through the example of a progressive person and a senator from Kansas sharing a commitment to asking tough questions about the pandemic's origin, reflecting the importance of bipartisan efforts in addressing critical issues. Illustration of bipartisan collaboration, importance of bipartisan efforts in addressing critical issues."]}], 'duration': 1575.889, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I9765702.jpg', 'highlights': ['The WHO needs full accountability and expanded mandate to address the influence of China and the limitations of its current authority, as it only controls 20% of its budget.', 'The role of leadership is crucial in changing the momentum of large institutions like the WHO, requiring strong-willed and empowered individuals in key roles.', 'The challenges of transparency in the context of a potential lab leak are discussed, highlighting the potential consequences for governments and the incentive for the Chinese government to be transparent.', 'The Chinese government should strive for total transparency by allowing international partnerships, sharing raw data, and enabling scientists to speak publicly.', 'The potential consequences of a proven lab incident causing the pandemic include the possibility of Xi Jinping being deposed, demands for reparations from the US and other countries, and major geopolitical implications.', 'Comparison with historical incidents like Chernobyl highlights the potential impact of a cover-up, emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability in handling crises.', 'The importance of taking responsibility and providing reparations is illustrated through the example of a US government response to a similar incident involving Union Carbide in India.', "China's plan to build BSL-4 labs in every province poses a significant challenge in preventing future lab leaks and highlights the urgency of investing in testing infrastructure.", 'The focus on national sovereignty, particularly in the context of historical background and conflicting perspectives between Western and Asian states, presents challenges in establishing a global governance system to prevent future pandemics.', 'The need for empathy and understanding in addressing the challenges of minimizing the chance of a coverup in the future, regardless of the country of origin of a potential virus outbreak, highlights the complexity of the issue and the necessity for a global approach.', "The government's accountability is upheld through free speech to counter its potentially wrongful instincts, as established by the founding fathers, ensuring a balance of power and inalienable rights.", "The likelihood of a cover-up in the event of a lab leak is emphasized, with evidence of a cover-up in the pandemic's origin, supported by the imprisonment of a citizen journalist in China for exposing the truth.", "Bipartisan collaboration is illustrated through the example of a progressive person and a senator from Kansas sharing a commitment to asking tough questions about the pandemic's origin, reflecting the importance of bipartisan efforts in addressing critical issues."]}, {'end': 12640.813, 'segs': [{'end': 11388.135, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11342.131, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11346.715, 'text': "And so there's no question, um, that there has been a coverup,", 'start': 11342.131, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 11354.861, 'text': "and there's no question in my mind that that coverup is responsible for a significant percentage of the total deaths due to COVID-19..", 'start': 11346.715, 'duration': 8.146}, {'end': 11357.743, 'text': 'In a pivot.', 'start': 11357.083, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 11362.656, 'text': "Can I talk to you about sex? Let's roll.", 'start': 11358.784, 'duration': 3.872}, {'end': 11366.319, 'text': "Okay, so you're the author of a book, Hacking Darwin.", 'start': 11363.457, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 11388.135, 'text': "So humans have used sex, allegedly, as I've read about, to mix genetic information to produce offspring and sort of, through that kind of process,", 'start': 11369.181, 'duration': 18.954}], 'summary': 'Coverup responsible for significant covid-19 deaths. interview pivots to discuss genetic information through sex.', 'duration': 46.004, 'max_score': 11342.131, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11342131.jpg'}, {'end': 11459.543, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11428.76, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11431.643, 'text': "I was gonna tweet it, but then I'm like, this is going to be misinterpreted.", 'start': 11428.76, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 11437.949, 'text': 'And this is why I like podcasts, because I could say stuff like this.', 'start': 11432.744, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 11450.93, 'text': "It's kind of incredible to me that the average human male produces like 500 billion plus sperm cells in their lifetime.", 'start': 11438.83, 'duration': 12.1}, {'end': 11454.915, 'text': 'Like each one of those are genetically unique.', 'start': 11452.392, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 11459.543, 'text': 'Like they can produce like unique humans.', 'start': 11457.182, 'duration': 2.361}], 'summary': 'Podcasts allow for uncensored discussion, e.g., males produce 500 billion sperm, each genetically unique.', 'duration': 30.783, 'max_score': 11428.76, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11428760.jpg'}, {'end': 11884.205, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11855.235, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11867.139, 'text': 'now what you can do is you can screen out deadly single-gene mutation disorders, things that could be deadly or life-ruining,', 'start': 11855.235, 'duration': 11.904}, {'end': 11874.941, 'text': 'and so people use it to determine which of those 10 early-stage embryos to implant in a mother.', 'start': 11867.139, 'duration': 7.802}, {'end': 11884.205, 'text': 'As we shift towards a much greater understanding of genetics, and that is part of just the broader genetics revolution.', 'start': 11875.922, 'duration': 8.283}], 'summary': 'Genetic screening used to select early-stage embryos for implantation, aiding in avoiding deadly single-gene mutation disorders.', 'duration': 28.97, 'max_score': 11855.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11855235.jpg'}, {'end': 12002.546, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11974.384, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 11982.13, 'text': 'There are a lot of things that we see just as the experience, the beauty of life that partly have a genetic foundation.', 'start': 11974.384, 'duration': 7.746}, {'end': 11993.92, 'text': "And so whatever part of these traits are definable and influenced by genetics, we're going to have greater and greater predictability within a range.", 'start': 11982.15, 'duration': 11.77}, {'end': 12002.546, 'text': 'And so selecting those embryos will be informed by that kind of knowledge.', 'start': 11994.74, 'duration': 7.806}], 'summary': 'Genetic foundation influences traits, leading to greater predictability in selecting embryos.', 'duration': 28.162, 'max_score': 11974.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11974384.jpg'}, {'end': 12292.491, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12261.538, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 12269.927, 'text': "As a sci-fi, and I had actually testified before Congress, but now 15 years ago saying, here's what the future looks like.", 'start': 12261.538, 'duration': 8.389}, {'end': 12284.864, 'text': 'But even I, and in my first edition of Hacking Darwin, when it was already in production, and then in November 2018, this scientist, He Jiankui,', 'start': 12270.708, 'duration': 14.156}, {'end': 12292.491, 'text': "announced in Hong Kong that the world's first two, Later three, CRISPR babies had been born,", 'start': 12284.864, 'duration': 7.627}], 'summary': "15 years ago, testified before congress about future; in 2018, he jiankui announced world's first crispr babies.", 'duration': 30.953, 'max_score': 12261.538, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I12261538.jpg'}, {'end': 12593.72, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12566.481, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 12573.566, 'text': "My feeling is that IQ is not a perfect measure of intelligence, but it's a perfect measure of IQ.", 'start': 12566.481, 'duration': 7.085}, {'end': 12583.413, 'text': "It's measuring what it's measuring, but that thing is correlates to a lot of things which are rewarded in our society.", 'start': 12573.606, 'duration': 9.807}, {'end': 12593.72, 'text': 'So every study of IQ has shown that people with higher IQs, they make more money, they live longer, they have more stable relationships.', 'start': 12583.513, 'duration': 10.207}], 'summary': 'Iq is not a perfect measure of intelligence, but correlates with success: higher iqs lead to more money, longer life, and stable relationships.', 'duration': 27.239, 'max_score': 12566.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I12566481.jpg'}], 'start': 11342.131, 'title': 'Human genetic diversity and reproduction', 'summary': 'Reveals the impact of a covid-19 coverup, the incredible genetic diversity in sperm production, the future of human reproduction, and the implications of genetic selection based on iq. it also covers the potential impact on human evolution, ethical implications, and reflection on the flawed nature of iq. the coverup is responsible for a significant percentage of covid-19 deaths, and the average human male produces 500 billion plus genetically unique sperm cells in their lifetime.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11428.72, 'start': 11342.131, 'title': 'Covid-19 coverup impact', 'summary': "Reveals the impact of a coverup on covid-19 deaths and explores the role of sex in genetic adaptation, while also touching on the author's book 'hacking darwin' and the mention of tough questions. the coverup is responsible for a significant percentage of the total deaths due to covid-19.", 'duration': 86.589, 'highlights': ['The coverup is responsible for a significant percentage of the total deaths due to COVID-19.', 'Humans have used sex to mix genetic information to produce offspring and adapt to their environment.', "Discussion about the author's book 'Hacking Darwin' and the mention of tough questions."]}, {'end': 11743.244, 'start': 11428.76, 'title': 'Genetic diversity and potential life trajectories', 'summary': 'Discusses the incredible genetic diversity in sperm production, with the average human male producing 500 billion plus genetically unique sperm cells in their lifetime, representing the potential for numerous alternate life trajectories, and explores the implications of having more information and control over genetic offspring.', 'duration': 314.484, 'highlights': ['The average human male produces 500 billion plus genetically unique sperm cells in their lifetime, representing the potential for numerous alternate life trajectories, which is around five times the number of people who have ever lived.', 'The winning sperm is not the fastest, but rather the luckiest with the right timing, leading to a deep philosophical question about the alternate lives that could have been lived.', 'There can be up to about 1.2 billion sperm cells in a male ejaculation, raising questions about the impact of competition and luck in determining the outcome of fertilization and the representation of different potential futures.', 'The chapter delves into the implications of having more information and control over the winning genetic code and the ethical considerations surrounding this advancement in reproductive technology.', "The discussion touches on the philosophical concept of alternate lives and the weaving of different potential life trajectories, as depicted in Italo Calvino's 'Invisible Cities', reflecting the deep philosophical implications of evolutionary biology."]}, {'end': 12377.51, 'start': 11743.264, 'title': 'Future of human reproduction', 'summary': 'Discusses the future of human reproduction, including genetic engineering, embryo selection, whole genome sequencing, and human genome editing, with emphasis on the potential impact on human evolution and the ethical implications.', 'duration': 634.246, 'highlights': ['Embryo selection as a key driver of the future of human evolution Embryo selection is highlighted as a crucial factor in shaping the future of human evolution, impacting traits like height, IQ, and personality styles.', 'Preimplantation genetic testing for screening out deadly single-gene mutation disorders The process of preimplantation genetic testing is explained, demonstrating its ability to screen out deadly single-gene mutation disorders in early-stage embryos, offering a quantifiable impact on genetic disease prevention.', 'Development of induced pluripotent stem cells and potential applications in human reproduction The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and their potential applications in creating egg cells for fertilization is discussed, showcasing a significant advancement in reproductive technology with potential future impact.', "Ethical implications of human genome editing and the case of the first CRISPR babies The ethical implications of human genome editing are highlighted, specifically referencing the case of the world's first CRISPR babies and the ethical concerns surrounding genetic alterations, providing a real-world example of the ethical dilemmas posed by genetic engineering.", 'Transition from personalized to precision healthcare through whole genome sequencing The transition from personalized to precision healthcare through whole genome sequencing is discussed, emphasizing the shift towards greater understanding of genetics and the potential for personalized healthcare based on whole genome data.']}, {'end': 12640.813, 'start': 12377.53, 'title': 'Iq and genetic selection', 'summary': 'Discusses the implications of genetic selection based on iq, including concerns about creating classes of citizenry and excitement about the potential of new tools of technology, while also reflecting on the flawed nature of iq as a measure of intelligence and the correlation between higher iq and societal rewards.', 'duration': 263.283, 'highlights': ['IQ has been used to both celebrate the successes of the human species and divide people, with higher IQs correlating to making more money, living longer, and having more stable relationships.', 'The potential genetic selection based on IQ could lead to the creation of classes of citizenry, with the rich being able to perform fine selection of IQ and forming classes of super intelligent people.', 'The chapter reflects on the flawed nature of IQ as a measure of intelligence, acknowledging that it is not perfect but correlates to many things that are rewarded in society, such as income, longevity, and stable relationships.', 'The discussion raises concerns about the potential for super intelligent people to make global authoritarian decisions and further divide society, highlighting the impact of new tools of technology on human nature.']}], 'duration': 1298.682, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I11342131.jpg', 'highlights': ['The coverup is responsible for a significant percentage of the total deaths due to COVID-19.', 'The average human male produces 500 billion plus genetically unique sperm cells in their lifetime, representing the potential for numerous alternate life trajectories, which is around five times the number of people who have ever lived.', 'Embryo selection as a key driver of the future of human evolution, impacting traits like height, IQ, and personality styles.', 'Preimplantation genetic testing for screening out deadly single-gene mutation disorders, offering a quantifiable impact on genetic disease prevention.', 'Ethical implications of human genome editing and the case of the first CRISPR babies, providing a real-world example of the ethical dilemmas posed by genetic engineering.', 'IQ has been used to both celebrate the successes of the human species and divide people, with higher IQs correlating to making more money, living longer, and having more stable relationships.']}, {'end': 13267.354, 'segs': [{'end': 12682.877, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12640.813, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12647.298, 'text': 'when our governments were processing a lot of people and trying to figure out who to put in what job.', 'start': 12640.813, 'duration': 6.485}, {'end': 12648.839, 'text': "That's the starting point.", 'start': 12648.078, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 12658.346, 'text': 'Let me start first with the negatives that our societies, when we talk about diversity in Darwinian terms.', 'start': 12648.879, 'duration': 9.467}, {'end': 12661.968, 'text': "It's not like diversity is from Darwinian terms.", 'start': 12658.886, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 12669.471, 'text': "oh, wouldn't it be nice if we have some moths of different colors, because it'll be really fun to have different colored moths.", 'start': 12661.968, 'duration': 7.503}, {'end': 12675.894, 'text': 'Diversity is the sole survival strategy of our species and of every species.', 'start': 12670.351, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 12682.877, 'text': "And it's impossible to predict what diversity is going to be rewarded.", 'start': 12675.974, 'duration': 6.903}], 'summary': 'Diversity is the sole survival strategy for our species and impossible to predict its rewards.', 'duration': 42.064, 'max_score': 12640.813, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I12640813.jpg'}, {'end': 12939.652, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12909.822, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 12913.943, 'text': "It's like there are selections that are made about who gets to a certain place.", 'start': 12909.822, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 12916.824, 'text': "And it's like Harvard admissions is a filter.", 'start': 12914.443, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 12924.867, 'text': "So we're going to have to decide what are the values that we want to realize through this process because diversity, it's just baked into our biology.", 'start': 12917.424, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 12929.349, 'text': "We're the first species ever that has the opportunity to make choices.", 'start': 12924.907, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 12933.51, 'text': 'about things that were otherwise baked into our biology.', 'start': 12930.029, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 12939.652, 'text': "And there's a real danger that if we make bad choices, even with good intentions,", 'start': 12933.75, 'duration': 5.902}], 'summary': 'Harvard admissions as a filter for realizing values and diversity - making choices with real danger.', 'duration': 29.83, 'max_score': 12909.822, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I12909822.jpg'}, {'end': 13079.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13053.021, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 13063.145, 'text': 'The point is, it will bring up so many new ethical concerns that our narrow-minded thinking about the current ethical concerns will not apply.', 'start': 13053.021, 'duration': 10.124}, {'end': 13068.368, 'text': "But it's important to think about all this kind of stuff actively.", 'start': 13063.165, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 13071.479, 'text': 'what are the right conversations to be having now?', 'start': 13069.198, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 13079.661, 'text': "Because it feels like it's an ongoing conversation that then continually evolves, like with an NIH involved.", 'start': 13071.499, 'duration': 8.162}], 'summary': 'Ongoing conversation about new ethical concerns involving nih', 'duration': 26.64, 'max_score': 13053.021, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13053021.jpg'}, {'end': 13243.056, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13220.479, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13231.329, 'text': "And again and again and again. it's about ethics and values, because we're at an age And this has become a cliche of exponential technological change.", 'start': 13220.479, 'duration': 10.85}, {'end': 13236.652, 'text': 'And so the rate of change is faster going forward than it has been in the past.', 'start': 13231.369, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 13243.056, 'text': 'So in our minds, we under-appreciate how quickly things are changing and will change.', 'start': 13236.672, 'duration': 6.384}], 'summary': 'Exponential technological change leads to under-appreciation of the speed of change.', 'duration': 22.577, 'max_score': 13220.479, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13220479.jpg'}], 'start': 12640.813, 'title': 'Diversity and genetic selection', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the critical role of diversity in societal and darwinian terms, while also discussing the ethical and societal implications of genetic selection, emphasizing the need for structured conversations and public engagement.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12682.877, 'start': 12640.813, 'title': 'Importance of diversity in society', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the critical role of diversity as the sole survival strategy for our species and every species, highlighting the unpredictability of its rewards in societal and darwinian terms.', 'duration': 42.064, 'highlights': ['Diversity is the sole survival strategy of our species and of every species, emphasizing its critical role in societal and Darwinian terms.', "It's impossible to predict what diversity is going to be rewarded, underlining the unpredictability of the benefits of diversity.", 'Our societies process a lot of people and try to figure out who to put in what job, setting the context for the importance of diversity.']}, {'end': 13267.354, 'start': 12682.897, 'title': 'Ethical implications of genetic selection', 'summary': 'Discusses the ethical and societal implications of genetic selection, highlighting the potential impact on diversity, equity, and humanity, as well as the need for structured conversations and public engagement regarding these issues.', 'duration': 584.457, 'highlights': ['The potential impact of genetic selection on diversity, equity, and humanity is emphasized, urging the need for a thorough consideration of values and ethics in decision-making processes. N/A', 'The importance of structured conversations and public engagement in addressing the ethical and societal implications of genetic selection is highlighted, stressing the need to listen to diverse perspectives and values. N/A', 'The exponential technological change and the necessity to understand and uphold societal values in the face of rapid advancements is emphasized, stressing the importance of not compromising on foundational values amidst technological evolution. N/A']}], 'duration': 626.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I12640813.jpg', 'highlights': ['Diversity is the sole survival strategy of our species and of every species, emphasizing its critical role in societal and Darwinian terms.', 'The importance of structured conversations and public engagement in addressing the ethical and societal implications of genetic selection is highlighted, stressing the need to listen to diverse perspectives and values.', 'The exponential technological change and the necessity to understand and uphold societal values in the face of rapid advancements is emphasized, stressing the importance of not compromising on foundational values amidst technological evolution.', "It's impossible to predict what diversity is going to be rewarded, underlining the unpredictability of the benefits of diversity.", 'Our societies process a lot of people and try to figure out who to put in what job, setting the context for the importance of diversity.', 'The potential impact of genetic selection on diversity, equity, and humanity is emphasized, urging the need for a thorough consideration of values and ethics in decision-making processes.']}, {'end': 15289.717, 'segs': [{'end': 13314.376, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13291.002, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13300.408, 'text': "Even today, most human sex is not for making babies, it's for other things, whether it's pleasure or love or pair bonding or whatever.", 'start': 13291.002, 'duration': 9.406}, {'end': 13302.27, 'text': 'Intimacy Intimacy.', 'start': 13300.929, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 13303.931, 'text': 'I mean, some people do it for intimacy.', 'start': 13302.53, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 13306.912, 'text': 'Some people do it for pleasure with strangers.', 'start': 13304.551, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 13308.953, 'text': 'I feel like the people that do it for pleasure.', 'start': 13306.932, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 13314.376, 'text': 'I feel like there would be better ways to achieve that same chemical pleasure, right?', 'start': 13308.953, 'duration': 5.423}], 'summary': 'Most human sex serves purposes other than procreation, such as pleasure, love, and pair bonding.', 'duration': 23.374, 'max_score': 13291.002, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13291002.jpg'}, {'end': 13374.367, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13351.127, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 13368.802, 'text': 'but i do think that and i write about this in in hacking darwin that as people come to believe that making children through the application of science is safer and more beneficial than having children through sex,', 'start': 13351.127, 'duration': 17.675}, {'end': 13374.367, 'text': "we'll start to see a shift over time toward reproduction through science.", 'start': 13368.802, 'duration': 5.565}], 'summary': 'As people believe making children through science is safer, there will be a shift towards reproduction through science.', 'duration': 23.24, 'max_score': 13351.127, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13351127.jpg'}, {'end': 13437.773, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13408.271, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13413.654, 'text': "There's a fear of optimization that I- You should have it.", 'start': 13408.271, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 13414.794, 'text': "I mean, it's very healthy.", 'start': 13413.814, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 13431.389, 'text': "And I think that's the danger of all of this selection is that we make selections just based on social norms that are so deeply internal that they feel like they're eternal truths.", 'start': 13415.315, 'duration': 16.074}, {'end': 13433.95, 'text': 'We talked about selecting for IQ.', 'start': 13431.729, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 13437.773, 'text': 'What about selecting for a kind heart? There are lots of them.', 'start': 13434.751, 'duration': 3.022}], 'summary': 'Fear of optimization is healthy. selection based on social norms may overlook essential traits like kindness.', 'duration': 29.502, 'max_score': 13408.271, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13408271.jpg'}, {'end': 13646.139, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13615.093, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13622.159, 'text': "and they're doing all these very aggressive research projects to make them more aggressive.", 'start': 13615.093, 'duration': 7.066}, {'end': 13627.664, 'text': "and then you have the outbreak of a virus that's primed for human-to-human transmission.", 'start': 13622.159, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 13636.591, 'text': 'It was just logic was my first step, and I kept gathering the information.', 'start': 13629.806, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 13643.017, 'text': 'But Jon Stewart distilled that in a way that just everybody got.', 'start': 13637.572, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 13646.139, 'text': 'And I think that like I loved it.', 'start': 13643.557, 'duration': 2.582}], 'summary': "Research projects aim to increase virus aggression. jon stewart's logic and information distillation were widely appreciated.", 'duration': 31.046, 'max_score': 13615.093, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13615093.jpg'}, {'end': 13806.856, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13782.761, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13790.626, 'text': 'When you allow yourself the freedom to regularly say stupid shit, have fun, make fun of yourself.', 'start': 13782.761, 'duration': 7.865}, {'end': 13794.548, 'text': 'I think you give yourself freedom to really be a great scientist.', 'start': 13791.706, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 13799.612, 'text': 'Honestly, I think scientists have a lot to learn from comedians.', 'start': 13795.769, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 13800.532, 'text': 'Well, for sure.', 'start': 13800.072, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 13806.856, 'text': 'I think we all do about just distilling and communicating in ways that people can hear.', 'start': 13800.552, 'duration': 6.304}], 'summary': 'Freedom to say stupid shit and make fun of yourself allows for better scientists. scientists can learn from comedians in distilling and communicating effectively.', 'duration': 24.095, 'max_score': 13782.761, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13782761.jpg'}, {'end': 13864.611, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13833.166, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 13837.007, 'text': 'who follow them and look to them for guidance,', 'start': 13833.166, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 13847.125, 'text': 'I do think that there is some responsibility for people in those roles to make whatever judgment that they make and to share that.', 'start': 13837.007, 'duration': 10.118}, {'end': 13853.147, 'text': 'As I mentioned to you when we were off mic, Sanjay Gupta is a very close friend of mine.', 'start': 13847.245, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 13862.13, 'text': "We've been friends for many years and I fully supported Sanjay's instinct to go on the Joe Rogan show.", 'start': 13853.167, 'duration': 8.963}, {'end': 13864.611, 'text': 'I thought it was great.', 'start': 13862.19, 'duration': 2.421}], 'summary': 'People in influential roles have a responsibility to share their judgment, as seen with sanjay gupta going on the joe rogan show.', 'duration': 31.445, 'max_score': 13833.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13833166.jpg'}, {'end': 13998.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13968.576, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 13972.738, 'text': "And so that's a really powerful way for himself to keep himself humble.", 'start': 13968.576, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 13981.262, 'text': "I mean I think that's really useful in some kind of way for people in general to, yeah, make fun of themselves a little bit,", 'start': 13974.159, 'duration': 7.103}, {'end': 13982.402, 'text': 'in whatever way that means.', 'start': 13981.262, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 13985.083, 'text': "And saying I'm just a comedian is just one way to do that.", 'start': 13982.722, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 13992.427, 'text': 'Now that, coupled that with the responsibility of doing the research and really having an open mind and all those kinds of stuff,', 'start': 13985.524, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 13998.774, 'text': "I think that's something Joe does really well on a lot of topics, but he can't do that on everything.", 'start': 13993.968, 'duration': 4.806}], 'summary': 'Comedian uses self-deprecation to stay humble, balancing it with research and open-mindedness.', 'duration': 30.198, 'max_score': 13968.576, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13968576.jpg'}, {'end': 14058.297, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14029.29, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 14038.523, 'text': 'So I am personally more sympathetic to the arguments that Sanjay was making or trying to make.', 'start': 14029.29, 'duration': 9.233}, {'end': 14043.751, 'text': 'I believe that the threat of the virus is greater than the threat of the vaccine.', 'start': 14038.624, 'duration': 5.127}, {'end': 14053.356, 'text': "That doesn't mean that we can guarantee 100% safety for the vaccine, but these are really well-tolerated vaccines.", 'start': 14044.352, 'duration': 9.004}, {'end': 14058.297, 'text': "And we know for all the reasons we've been talking about that this is a really scary virus.", 'start': 14053.816, 'duration': 4.481}], 'summary': 'The threat of the virus is greater than the threat of the vaccine, and the vaccines are well-tolerated.', 'duration': 29.007, 'max_score': 14029.29, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14029290.jpg'}, {'end': 14116.619, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14085.155, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 14092.18, 'text': "But people who've already been infected, we should study whether they need to be vaccinated or not.", 'start': 14085.155, 'duration': 7.025}, {'end': 14101.047, 'text': 'Having said all of that, I felt that Joe Rogan won the debate.', 'start': 14092.981, 'duration': 8.066}, {'end': 14108.913, 'text': 'The reason that I felt that he won the debate was they had two different categories of arguments.', 'start': 14101.127, 'duration': 7.786}, {'end': 14116.619, 'text': "Sanjay But what he was trying to do, which I totally respect, was saying there's so much animosity on these different sides.", 'start': 14109.073, 'duration': 7.546}], 'summary': 'The debate winner is joe rogan; need to study vaccination for previously infected people.', 'duration': 31.464, 'max_score': 14085.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14085155.jpg'}, {'end': 14425.995, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14404.51, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 14414.398, 'text': "There are lots of people in the African American community who've had a historical terrible experience with the Tuskegee and all sorts of things.", 'start': 14404.51, 'duration': 9.888}, {'end': 14417.883, 'text': "So they don't didn't trust the messages that were being delivered.", 'start': 14414.418, 'duration': 3.465}, {'end': 14425.995, 'text': 'I live in New York City and we had a piece in the New York Times where, in the earliest days of the vaccines, there was this big movement.', 'start': 14418.163, 'duration': 7.832}], 'summary': 'African american community distrusts vaccine messages due to historical experiences like tuskegee.', 'duration': 21.485, 'max_score': 14404.51, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14404510.jpg'}, {'end': 14501.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14472.346, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 14479.008, 'text': 'At the same time, public health is about creating public health.', 'start': 14472.346, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 14486.651, 'text': "And there's no doubt I think Joe was absolutely right that older people, obese people,", 'start': 14479.168, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 14493.894, 'text': 'are at greater risk for being harmed or killed by COVID-19 than young, healthy people.', 'start': 14486.651, 'duration': 7.243}, {'end': 14501.14, 'text': 'But by everybody getting vaccinated, we reduce the risk to everybody else.', 'start': 14494.594, 'duration': 6.546}], 'summary': 'Vaccination reduces covid-19 risk for all, including older and obese individuals.', 'duration': 28.794, 'max_score': 14472.346, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14472346.jpg'}, {'end': 14561.539, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14526.082, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 14528.223, 'text': 'so how do you steel man an argument?', 'start': 14526.082, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 14531.305, 'text': 'You describe that argument in the best possible way.', 'start': 14528.804, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 14534.367, 'text': 'You have to first understand that argument.', 'start': 14532.726, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 14537.589, 'text': "Let's go to the non-controversial thing like flat earth.", 'start': 14534.607, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 14550.269, 'text': "Most people, most colleagues of mine at MIT don't even read about the full argument that the flat earthers make.", 'start': 14540.181, 'duration': 10.088}, {'end': 14561.539, 'text': "I feel it's disingenuous for people in the physics community to roll their eyes at flat earthers if they haven't read their arguments.", 'start': 14551.23, 'duration': 10.309}], 'summary': "Understanding and presenting arguments accurately is crucial, even for controversial topics like the flat earth theory, as many physicists at mit haven't thoroughly examined the flat earthers' arguments.", 'duration': 35.457, 'max_score': 14526.082, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14526082.jpg'}, {'end': 14626.42, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14596.318, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 14600.001, 'text': "That's misinformation without actually looking into what they're saying.", 'start': 14596.318, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 14603.464, 'text': "If you haven't looked into what they're saying, then don't talk about it.", 'start': 14600.401, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 14607.408, 'text': "Like if you're a scientific leader and the communicator, you need to look into it.", 'start': 14603.925, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 14608.569, 'text': "It's not that much effort.", 'start': 14607.648, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 14609.73, 'text': 'I totally agree.', 'start': 14608.689, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 14614.613, 'text': "I think that humility, it's a constant theme of your podcast and I love that.", 'start': 14609.85, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 14626.42, 'text': "After the conversation debate, whatever it was between Sanjay and Joe, I reached out on Twitter to someone I've never met in person,", 'start': 14615.613, 'duration': 10.807}], 'summary': 'Emphasizing the importance of research before discussing, with a nod to humility.', 'duration': 30.102, 'max_score': 14596.318, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14596318.jpg'}, {'end': 14725.092, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14702.954, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 14713.363, 'text': "And it wasn't that, it was people who were, I mean, it was written by people like me who were convinced in the benefit of these vaccines.", 'start': 14702.954, 'duration': 10.409}, {'end': 14721.629, 'text': "So the questions were framed, they were kind of like, they weren't really the framing of the people with the concerns.", 'start': 14713.383, 'duration': 8.246}, {'end': 14725.092, 'text': 'They were framing of people who were just kind of imagining something else.', 'start': 14721.649, 'duration': 3.443}], 'summary': 'Vaccine advocates framed questions, not addressing concerns', 'duration': 22.138, 'max_score': 14702.954, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14702954.jpg'}, {'end': 14918.929, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14892.022, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 14899.325, 'text': "But I also think sort of making the case for taking the vaccine where you, when you're a young, healthy person,", 'start': 14892.022, 'duration': 7.303}, {'end': 14906.347, 'text': "when you're sitting across from Joe Rogan, is like a high difficulty on the video game level.", 'start': 14899.325, 'duration': 7.022}, {'end': 14909.989, 'text': "So it's, it's not, um, it's difficult to do.", 'start': 14906.788, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 14911.409, 'text': "It's difficult to do.", 'start': 14910.009, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 14912.77, 'text': "And also it's difficult to do.", 'start': 14911.789, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 14915.971, 'text': "Cause it's not like, it's not a simple.", 'start': 14912.79, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 14918.929, 'text': 'as like, look at the data.', 'start': 14917.788, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': "Making the case for young, healthy people to take the vaccine is like a high difficulty level on a video game, it's not simple.", 'duration': 26.907, 'max_score': 14892.022, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14892022.jpg'}, {'end': 14968.216, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14945.356, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 14955.626, 'text': "whether it's major institutions like NIH or NIAID that are sort of communicating to us about the vaccine, whether it's the CDC and the WHO,", 'start': 14945.356, 'duration': 10.27}, {'end': 14960.27, 'text': "whether it's the Biden or the Trump administration, whether it's China and all those kinds of things.", 'start': 14955.626, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 14963.853, 'text': "That's part of the conversation here.", 'start': 14961.491, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 14968.216, 'text': 'I mean, vaccination is not just a public health tool.', 'start': 14963.873, 'duration': 4.343}], 'summary': 'Vaccination as a public health tool involves communication from major institutions and administrations, including nih, niaid, cdc, who, biden, trump, and china.', 'duration': 22.86, 'max_score': 14945.356, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14945356.jpg'}, {'end': 15019.598, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14992.121, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 14997.906, 'text': 'But I mean your parents when they were in the Soviet Union and here in the United States,', 'start': 14992.121, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 15001.449, 'text': 'and actually it was a big collaboration between US and Soviet Union.', 'start': 14997.906, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 15009.794, 'text': 'When the polio vaccine came out, there were people all around the world who had a different life trajectory, no longer living in fear.', 'start': 15002.19, 'duration': 7.604}, {'end': 15015.896, 'text': 'And all of these people who were paralyzed or killed from polio, smallpox has been eradicated.', 'start': 15009.874, 'duration': 6.022}, {'end': 15019.598, 'text': 'It was one of the great successes in human history.', 'start': 15015.937, 'duration': 3.661}], 'summary': 'Us-soviet collaboration led to polio vaccine, saving many lives and eradicating smallpox.', 'duration': 27.477, 'max_score': 14992.121, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I14992121.jpg'}, {'end': 15090.402, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15064.902, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 15073.488, 'text': 'I mean, there was huge DARPA funding, and then the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH funding.', 'start': 15064.902, 'duration': 8.586}, {'end': 15076.75, 'text': 'I mean, this was a public-private partnership throughout.', 'start': 15073.508, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 15081.113, 'text': 'And that we got a working vaccine in 11 months was a miracle.', 'start': 15077.17, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 15083.014, 'text': "It's not purely a victory.", 'start': 15081.633, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 15085.917, 'text': 'Again, you have to be open-minded.', 'start': 15084.395, 'duration': 1.522}, {'end': 15090.402, 'text': "I'm with you here playing a bit of devil's advocate,", 'start': 15085.937, 'duration': 4.465}], 'summary': 'Public-private partnership led to vaccine in 11 months', 'duration': 25.5, 'max_score': 15064.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15064902.jpg'}, {'end': 15163.041, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15135.861, 'weight': 18, 'content': [{'end': 15140.164, 'text': "And there's a lot of people that criticize the overreach of government in all of this.", 'start': 15135.861, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 15150.651, 'text': 'One of the things that makes the United States great is the individualism and the hesitancy to ideas of mandates.', 'start': 15140.985, 'duration': 9.666}, {'end': 15163.041, 'text': 'even if the mandates en masse will have a positive, even strongly positive result, many Americans will still say no,', 'start': 15151.713, 'duration': 11.328}], 'summary': 'Criticism of government overreach in mandates despite potential positive impact.', 'duration': 27.18, 'max_score': 15135.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15135861.jpg'}, {'end': 15289.717, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15262.12, 'weight': 19, 'content': [{'end': 15268.463, 'text': "But he was saying that they're going to do a full randomized highest level trial of ivermectin.", 'start': 15262.12, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 15272.724, 'text': "And if ivermectin works, then that's another tool in our toolbox.", 'start': 15268.483, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 15273.985, 'text': 'And I think we should.', 'start': 15272.804, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 15285.271, 'text': 'And I think that Sanjay was absolutely correct to concede the point to Joe that it was disingenuous for people, including people on CNN,', 'start': 15274.205, 'duration': 11.066}, {'end': 15289.717, 'text': 'to say that ivermectin is for livestock.', 'start': 15285.271, 'duration': 4.446}], 'summary': 'Full randomized trial of ivermectin planned; potential tool in fighting covid-19.', 'duration': 27.597, 'max_score': 15262.12, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15262120.jpg'}], 'start': 13268.507, 'title': 'Human reproduction and vaccine debates', 'summary': "Explores the potential decline in sexual reproduction for human offspring, jon stewart's impact on science communication, the debate on covid-19 vaccines, the importance of understanding and steel manning arguments, and challenges in vaccine conversation, emphasizing public health and evidence-based counterclaims.", 'chapters': [{'end': 13494.707, 'start': 13268.507, 'title': 'Future of human reproduction', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential decline in sexual reproduction for human offspring and the shift towards reproduction through science, citing the majority of human sex as not for procreation but for other reasons, and the potential impact of advancing scientific methods on human reproduction.', 'duration': 226.2, 'highlights': ["The majority of human sex is not for making babies, it's for other things, whether it's pleasure or love or pair bonding. The transcript highlights that most human sex is not for procreation, indicating a shift in the purpose of sexual activity.", "As people come to believe that making children through the application of science is safer and more beneficial than having children through sex, we'll start to see a shift over time toward reproduction through science. The transcript mentions a potential shift towards reproduction through science as advancements may make it safer and more beneficial than traditional sexual reproduction.", "The danger of all this selection is that we make selections just based on social norms that are so deeply internal that they feel like they're eternal truths. The discussion raises concerns about the danger of making selections based on internalized social norms, emphasizing the potential risks associated with such decisions."]}, {'end': 14027.528, 'start': 13495.708, 'title': "Jon stewart's impact on science communication", 'summary': "Discusses jon stewart's impactful comedy bit on the pandemic, highlighting the value of humor in science communication and the responsibility of influential figures like joe rogan and sanjay gupta, with a call for humility and open-mindedness.", 'duration': 531.82, 'highlights': ["Jon Stewart's impactful comedy bit on the pandemic Jon Stewart's humorously highlighted the common sense nature of the pandemic, effectively communicating complex scientific concepts to a broad audience.", 'The value of humor in science communication The chapter emphasizes the importance of using humor as a tool in science communication to reach and engage a wider audience.', 'The responsibility of influential figures like Joe Rogan and Sanjay Gupta The discussion underscores the responsibility of influential figures like Joe Rogan and Sanjay Gupta to communicate their beliefs and judgments with awareness of their impact on public opinion.', 'A call for humility and open-mindedness There is a call for humility and open-mindedness, emphasizing the value of making fun of oneself and acknowledging personal fallibility in the context of public influence and decision-making.']}, {'end': 14501.14, 'start': 14029.29, 'title': 'Debate on covid-19 vaccines', 'summary': 'Discusses the debate between sanjay and joe rogan about the covid-19 vaccines, highlighting the different arguments presented, the use of statistical and anecdotal evidence, and the importance of public health in vaccination.', 'duration': 471.85, 'highlights': ["Sanjay's argument that the threat of the virus is greater than the threat of the vaccine, emphasizing the well-tolerated nature of vaccines and the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in eliciting a response from the body.", 'The debate between Sanjay and Joe revolving around the use of statistical evidence by Sanjay and anecdotal evidence by Joe, with the discussion on the need to listen to different perspectives on vaccine hesitancy and the impact of public health in vaccination efforts.', 'The low acceptance of vaccines in the black community in New York, highlighting the importance of listening to diverse perspectives and the need to address historical distrust in the scientific establishment.', 'The potential risk of older and obese individuals to COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in reducing risks for the broader population.']}, {'end': 14702.414, 'start': 14501.221, 'title': 'Importance of understanding and steel manning arguments', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of understanding and steel manning arguments, highlighting the need for humility and open-mindedness in examining controversial topics like flat earth and covid-19, and suggests an honest process to address concerns about vaccines with evidence-based counterclaims.', 'duration': 201.193, 'highlights': ['The importance of understanding and steel manning arguments is emphasized, advocating for humility and open-mindedness, specifically in examining controversial topics like flat earth and COVID-19. ', 'The need to avoid dismissing arguments without understanding them is stressed, with a call for scientific leaders and communicators to thoroughly look into concerns before forming opinions or making dismissive comments. ', 'Suggests an honest process to address concerns about vaccines by allowing the people raising concerns to articulate their worries, providing evidence-based counterclaims, and sharing links to relevant studies. ']}, {'end': 14991.84, 'start': 14702.954, 'title': 'Challenges in vaccine conversation', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of framing vaccine conversations, the difficulty in presenting the case for vaccines to young, healthy individuals, and the importance of considering various sources and motivations in vaccination discussions.', 'duration': 288.886, 'highlights': ['Framing vaccine conversations can be challenging as it may not effectively address the concerns of people and may lead to a lack of understanding. The questions in vaccine conversations may not effectively address the concerns of people, leading to a lack of understanding.', 'Presenting the case for vaccines to young, healthy individuals is difficult and involves considering a multitude of data and motivations from various sources. Presenting the case for vaccines to young, healthy individuals is challenging due to the complexity of the data and the need to consider various sources and motivations.', 'The conversation emphasizes the importance of considering different sources and motivations in vaccination discussions, including the role of vaccination as a public health tool and a potential government control measure. The conversation emphasizes considering different sources and motivations in vaccination discussions, including the role of vaccination as a public health tool and a potential government control measure.']}, {'end': 15289.717, 'start': 14992.121, 'title': 'Vaccine success and government oversight', 'summary': 'Discusses the success of the polio vaccine, the collaboration between the us and soviet union, the development of mrna vaccines through a public-private partnership, and the debate around government overreach and the focus on vaccines over alternative solutions amidst the covid-19 pandemic.', 'duration': 297.596, 'highlights': ["The polio vaccine's success and collaboration between US and Soviet Union led to a different life trajectory for many worldwide, with smallpox eradication being one of the great successes in human history.", 'The development of mRNA vaccines was a public-private partnership, with huge DARPA and NIH funding, resulting in a working vaccine in 11 months, potentially saving many lives from COVID-19.', 'The debate around government overreach and the focus on vaccines over alternative solutions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, including the distraction from considering other possibilities and the criticism of government mandates and individualism in the United States.', 'The discussion about ivermectin and the need for a full randomized trial to determine its effectiveness as another tool in fighting the pandemic.']}], 'duration': 2021.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I13268507.jpg', 'highlights': ['The majority of human sex is not for making babies, indicating a shift in the purpose of sexual activity.', 'Advancements may make reproduction through science safer and more beneficial than traditional sexual reproduction.', 'The danger of making selections based on internalized social norms, emphasizing potential risks.', "Jon Stewart's impactful comedy bit on the pandemic effectively communicated complex scientific concepts to a broad audience.", 'The importance of using humor as a tool in science communication to reach and engage a wider audience.', 'The responsibility of influential figures like Joe Rogan and Sanjay Gupta to communicate their beliefs and judgments with awareness of their impact on public opinion.', 'A call for humility and open-mindedness, emphasizing the value of making fun of oneself and acknowledging personal fallibility in the context of public influence and decision-making.', "Sanjay's argument that the threat of the virus is greater than the threat of the vaccine, emphasizing the well-tolerated nature of vaccines and the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines.", 'The debate between Sanjay and Joe on the need to listen to different perspectives on vaccine hesitancy and the impact of public health in vaccination efforts.', 'The low acceptance of vaccines in the black community in New York, highlighting the importance of listening to diverse perspectives and the need to address historical distrust in the scientific establishment.', 'The potential risk of older and obese individuals to COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in reducing risks for the broader population.', 'The importance of understanding and steel manning arguments, advocating for humility and open-mindedness, specifically in examining controversial topics like flat earth and COVID-19.', 'The need to avoid dismissing arguments without understanding them, with a call for scientific leaders and communicators to thoroughly look into concerns before forming opinions or making dismissive comments.', 'Framing vaccine conversations can be challenging as it may not effectively address the concerns of people and may lead to a lack of understanding.', 'Presenting the case for vaccines to young, healthy individuals is challenging due to the complexity of the data and the need to consider various sources and motivations.', 'The conversation emphasizes considering different sources and motivations in vaccination discussions, including the role of vaccination as a public health tool and a potential government control measure.', "The polio vaccine's success and collaboration between US and Soviet Union led to a different life trajectory for many worldwide, with smallpox eradication being one of the great successes in human history.", 'The development of mRNA vaccines was a public-private partnership, with huge DARPA and NIH funding, resulting in a working vaccine in 11 months, potentially saving many lives from COVID-19.', 'The debate around government overreach and the focus on vaccines over alternative solutions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, including the distraction from considering other possibilities and the criticism of government mandates and individualism in the United States.', 'The discussion about ivermectin and the need for a full randomized trial to determine its effectiveness as another tool in fighting the pandemic.']}, {'end': 16456.312, 'segs': [{'end': 15317.723, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15289.737, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15296.913, 'text': 'I definitely think that we have to Like we have to have some kind of process that allows us to come together.', 'start': 15289.737, 'duration': 7.176}, {'end': 15303.436, 'text': 'And I totally agree that the great strength of America is that we empower individuals.', 'start': 15297.653, 'duration': 5.783}, {'end': 15306.878, 'text': "It's the history of our frontier mentality in our country.", 'start': 15303.496, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 15311.58, 'text': 'So we, I a hundred percent, agree that we have to allow that,', 'start': 15306.918, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 15317.723, 'text': 'even if sometimes it creates messy processes and uncomfortable feelings and all those sorts of things.', 'start': 15311.58, 'duration': 6.143}], 'summary': 'Empower individuals, messy processes, uncomfortable feelings are part of the american strength.', 'duration': 27.986, 'max_score': 15289.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15289737.jpg'}, {'end': 15450.466, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15421.426, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15422.567, 'text': 'I have nothing left.', 'start': 15421.426, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 15430.209, 'text': "How am I possibly gonna run 20 miles more? But there's always more.", 'start': 15422.907, 'duration': 7.302}, {'end': 15440.655, 'text': "And I think that for me, these extreme sports are my process of exploring what's possible.", 'start': 15430.589, 'duration': 10.066}, {'end': 15450.466, 'text': "And I feel like it applies in so many different areas of life where you're kind of pushing and it feels like the limit.", 'start': 15441.076, 'duration': 9.39}], 'summary': 'Exploring possibilities through extreme sports, pushing limits in life.', 'duration': 29.04, 'max_score': 15421.426, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15421426.jpg'}, {'end': 15548.063, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15522.379, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 15533.87, 'text': "It's this thing of possibility and I just feel like so many of us and myself included, we get stuck in a sense of what we think is our range.", 'start': 15522.379, 'duration': 11.491}, {'end': 15537.654, 'text': "And if we're not careful, that can become our range.", 'start': 15534.651, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 15546.341, 'text': "And that's why, for me, in all of life, it's all about like we've been talking about challenging the limits, challenging assumptions,", 'start': 15537.934, 'duration': 8.407}, {'end': 15548.063, 'text': 'challenging ourselves.', 'start': 15546.341, 'duration': 1.722}], 'summary': 'Challenging assumptions and pushing past limitations is vital for personal growth and success.', 'duration': 25.684, 'max_score': 15522.379, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15522379.jpg'}, {'end': 15644.745, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15599.678, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 15604.883, 'text': "How would you recommend? So yeah, for people who might not know, I've never actually even run a marathon.", 'start': 15599.678, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 15607.825, 'text': "I've run 22 miles in one time at most.", 'start': 15604.903, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 15615.752, 'text': 'I did a 4x4x48 challenge with David Goggins where you run four miles every four hours.', 'start': 15608.526, 'duration': 7.226}, {'end': 15621.017, 'text': 'It has less to do with the distance and more to do with the sleep deprivation.', 'start': 15615.792, 'duration': 5.225}, {'end': 15627.299, 'text': 'What advice would you give to a first time ultra marathoner like me trying to run 50 or more miles,', 'start': 15621.657, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 15632.201, 'text': 'or for anybody else interested in this kind of exploration of their range?', 'start': 15627.299, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 15636.342, 'text': 'What I always tell is the same advice is register.', 'start': 15632.361, 'duration': 3.981}, {'end': 15639.523, 'text': 'Pick your timeline of when you think you can be ready.', 'start': 15636.962, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 15644.745, 'text': 'Depending on where you are now, make it six months, make a year, and then register for the race.', 'start': 15640.183, 'duration': 4.562}], 'summary': 'Advice for first-time ultra marathoners: register early and set a timeline for training, aiming for 50 or more miles.', 'duration': 45.067, 'max_score': 15599.678, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15599678.jpg'}, {'end': 15697.709, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15666.309, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 15670.69, 'text': "He's a doctor at Hospital for Special Surgery, but his whole thing is functional strength.", 'start': 15666.309, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 15674.411, 'text': 'And so, and people know about and you can actually even go to his website.', 'start': 15670.77, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 15677.413, 'text': 'You can just Google Jordan Metzl, iron strength,', 'start': 15674.591, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 15684.398, 'text': "but it's all about like burpees and just building your muscular strength so that you don't get injured as you increase.", 'start': 15677.413, 'duration': 6.985}, {'end': 15688.902, 'text': 'And then just increase your mileage in some steady way.', 'start': 15685.099, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 15697.709, 'text': 'Make sure that you take rest days and listen to your body, because people like you, who are just very kind of mind over matter, like you,', 'start': 15688.982, 'duration': 8.727}], 'summary': 'Dr. metzl focuses on functional strength to prevent injuries during endurance training, emphasizing rest and gradual progress.', 'duration': 31.4, 'max_score': 15666.309, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15666309.jpg'}, {'end': 15781.468, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15756.849, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 15765.496, 'text': "But as I started to tell you before we went live, so I've done for lots of years these 50K mountain trail runs,", 'start': 15756.849, 'duration': 8.647}, {'end': 15769.218, 'text': 'and I was going to Taiwan a number of years ago for something else.', 'start': 15765.496, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 15779.807, 'text': "And I thought, well, wouldn't it be fun to do an ultra marathon in Taiwan? I looked and that the weekend after my visit, there was a ultramarathon.", 'start': 15769.278, 'duration': 10.529}, {'end': 15781.468, 'text': 'It was called the Taiwan Beast.', 'start': 15779.827, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': 'Experienced runner completed numerous 50k mountain trail runs and participated in an ultramarathon called the taiwan beast.', 'duration': 24.619, 'max_score': 15756.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15756849.jpg'}, {'end': 15837.024, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15800.842, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 15801.862, 'text': '50K mountain trails.', 'start': 15800.842, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 15807.445, 'text': 'So I get there and the race starts at like 4.30 in the morning in the middle of nowhere.', 'start': 15802.323, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 15809.747, 'text': "And you have to wear headlamps and everyone's carrying all this stuff.", 'start': 15807.465, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 15811.648, 'text': 'And you kind of go running out into the..', 'start': 15809.767, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 15813.95, 'text': 'into the rainforest.', 'start': 15812.888, 'duration': 1.062}, {'end': 15816.473, 'text': "It was the hardest thing I've ever done.", 'start': 15814.891, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 15817.754, 'text': 'It took 19 hours.', 'start': 15816.633, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 15821.278, 'text': 'There were maybe 15 cliff faces, like a real cliff.', 'start': 15818.195, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 15824.422, 'text': 'And somebody had dangled like a little piece of string.', 'start': 15821.699, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 15829.208, 'text': 'And so you had to hold onto the string with one hand while it was in the pouring rain, climb up these cliffs.', 'start': 15824.502, 'duration': 4.706}, {'end': 15837.024, 'text': 'There were maybe 20 river crossings, but not just like a little stream, like a torrential river.', 'start': 15829.388, 'duration': 7.636}], 'summary': 'Endured a grueling 50k mountain race with 19-hour duration, featuring 15 cliff faces and 20 river crossings in the pouring rainforest.', 'duration': 36.182, 'max_score': 15800.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15800842.jpg'}, {'end': 15924.869, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15898.741, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 15904.764, 'text': "I mean, once in a while, you kind of have to quit if like, listen to the universe, if whatever, you're gonna kill yourself or something.", 'start': 15898.741, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 15910.087, 'text': "But for me, it was just, you know, whatever it takes, there's no way I'm stopping.", 'start': 15904.804, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 15917.752, 'text': "And if I have to go up this muddy hill 20 times because I keep sliding, I'm sure there's a way.", 'start': 15910.127, 'duration': 7.625}, {'end': 15919.453, 'text': "It's probably a personality flaw.", 'start': 15917.792, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 15924.869, 'text': "Where does your love for chocolate come from? Oh, it's a great question.", 'start': 15921.574, 'duration': 3.295}], 'summary': 'Persistence and determination are key, even in tough situations. love for chocolate is intriguing.', 'duration': 26.128, 'max_score': 15898.741, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15898741.jpg'}, {'end': 16117.598, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 15936.642, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15941.407, 'text': "But now that I keep telling, if you keep telling the same secret, it's actually no longer a secret.", 'start': 15936.642, 'duration': 4.765}, {'end': 15950.11, 'text': "that I have a secret, which is not secret, because I'm telling you on a podcast, life as a chocolate shaman.", 'start': 15942.208, 'duration': 7.902}, {'end': 15958.971, 'text': "And so when I give keynotes at tech conferences, I say, I'm happy to give a keynote, but I want to lead a sacred cacao ceremony in the night.", 'start': 15950.15, 'duration': 8.821}, {'end': 15965.153, 'text': "I'm actually, believe it or not, the official chocolate shaman of what used to be called exponential medicine,", 'start': 15959.011, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 15966.653, 'text': 'which is part of Singularity University.', 'start': 15965.153, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 15971.594, 'text': "Now, my friend Daniel Kraft, who runs it, it's going to be called NextMed.", 'start': 15966.693, 'duration': 4.901}, {'end': 15980.505, 'text': "But I'll have to go back, because I was going to Berlin a lot of years ago and I've always loved chocolate,", 'start': 15972.795, 'duration': 7.71}, {'end': 15987.835, 'text': 'but I was going to Berlin to give a keynote at a big conference called TOA Tech Open Air.', 'start': 15980.505, 'duration': 7.33}, {'end': 15994.519, 'text': 'And so when I got there, the first night I was supposed to give a talk, but there had been some mix up.', 'start': 15988.556, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 15996.26, 'text': "They'd forgotten to reserve the room.", 'start': 15994.539, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 15998.321, 'text': 'And so the talk got canceled.', 'start': 15996.76, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 16004.084, 'text': 'And in the brochure, they had all these different events around Berlin that you could go to.', 'start': 15998.361, 'duration': 5.723}, {'end': 16006.165, 'text': 'And one of them was a cacao ceremony.', 'start': 16004.124, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 16012.11, 'text': 'I went there and actually met somebody, Viviana, who is still a friend,', 'start': 16007.445, 'duration': 4.665}, {'end': 16019.176, 'text': 'but I met going in there and there was this cacao somewhere and there were these kind of hippie dudes, and then everybody got the cacao.', 'start': 16012.11, 'duration': 7.066}, {'end': 16023.259, 'text': 'And then they said all right, as they talked a little bit about the process.', 'start': 16019.836, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 16028.945, 'text': "and then they said all right, everyone just stand and we're going to spin around in a circle for 45 minutes.", 'start': 16023.259, 'duration': 5.686}, {'end': 16035.87, 'text': 'spun around in the circle for like 10 minutes, but then I had to leave because I had to go to something else.', 'start': 16030.626, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 16037.911, 'text': 'And so I thought that was that.', 'start': 16035.93, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 16043.254, 'text': 'But then I saw Viviana the next day and I said well, how did the cacao ceremony go?', 'start': 16038.551, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 16050.479, 'text': 'And she showed me these pictures of all of these people, mostly naked, like it turned into chaos.', 'start': 16043.274, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 16052.801, 'text': 'And it was like, hold on.', 'start': 16051.22, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 16053.681, 'text': 'So let me get this straight.', 'start': 16052.821, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 16059.185, 'text': 'People drank chocolate, then they spun around in a circle and something else happened.', 'start': 16053.741, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 16065.971, 'text': 'And anyway, so then Two days later, I was invited to another cacao ceremony, which was also actually part of this toa.', 'start': 16059.305, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 16071.156, 'text': 'And that was kind of more structured and it was more sane because it was part of this thing.', 'start': 16066.632, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 16073.758, 'text': 'And at the end of that I had this.', 'start': 16071.216, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 16078.521, 'text': 'I thought one how The greatest thing ever, a sacred cacao ceremony.', 'start': 16073.758, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 16080.962, 'text': "like you drink chocolate, milk and everybody's free.", 'start': 16078.521, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 16085.703, 'text': "And I love that idea because I've never done drugs.", 'start': 16081.542, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 16092.225, 'text': "I don't drink, but just part of it is because I think whatever, like I was saying with the ultra running,", 'start': 16085.703, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 16095.586, 'text': 'all of the possibilities are within us if we can get out of our own way.', 'start': 16092.225, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 16102.289, 'text': 'And then I thought, well, you know, I think I can do a better job than what I experienced in Berlin.', 'start': 16096.846, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 16106.111, 'text': "So I came back and I thought, all right, I'm going to get accredited as a cow shaman.", 'start': 16102.309, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 16111.995, 'text': "And this will shock you because I know if you're going to be like a rabbi or a priest or something, there's some process.", 'start': 16106.131, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 16117.598, 'text': "But shockingly, there's no official process to become a chocolate shaman.", 'start': 16112.035, 'duration': 5.563}], 'summary': 'The speaker became an unofficial chocolate shaman after attending cacao ceremonies in berlin and was inspired to create his own ceremonies.', 'duration': 180.956, 'max_score': 15936.642, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15936642.jpg'}, {'end': 15965.153, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15942.208, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 15950.11, 'text': "that I have a secret, which is not secret, because I'm telling you on a podcast, life as a chocolate shaman.", 'start': 15942.208, 'duration': 7.902}, {'end': 15958.971, 'text': "And so when I give keynotes at tech conferences, I say, I'm happy to give a keynote, but I want to lead a sacred cacao ceremony in the night.", 'start': 15950.15, 'duration': 8.821}, {'end': 15965.153, 'text': "I'm actually, believe it or not, the official chocolate shaman of what used to be called exponential medicine,", 'start': 15959.011, 'duration': 6.142}], 'summary': 'Speaker serves as the official chocolate shaman at tech conferences and leads sacred cacao ceremonies.', 'duration': 22.945, 'max_score': 15942.208, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15942208.jpg'}, {'end': 16352.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16321.932, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 16330.394, 'text': "And because I'm recognizing that and I'm having an appreciation for the world around me, it just kind of makes my life feel more sacred.", 'start': 16321.932, 'duration': 8.462}, {'end': 16332.434, 'text': 'It makes me recognize my connection to others.', 'start': 16330.434, 'duration': 2}, {'end': 16334.014, 'text': "So that's the gist of it.", 'start': 16332.454, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 16335.675, 'text': "Yeah, it's funny.", 'start': 16334.735, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 16352.398, 'text': 'I often look at things in this world and moments and just am in awe of the full universe that brought that to be.', 'start': 16335.715, 'duration': 16.683}], 'summary': "Recognizing the world's beauty fosters sacredness and connection to others.", 'duration': 30.466, 'max_score': 16321.932, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16321932.jpg'}], 'start': 15289.737, 'title': 'Pushing physical and mental limits', 'summary': 'Discusses empowerment, overcoming challenges, and insights from ultra marathon running and ironman competitions, emphasizing the importance of challenging assumptions and exploring physical range, as well as the experience of participating in a grueling 50k mountain trail race and the transformative nature of recognizing the sacred in everyday life.', 'chapters': [{'end': 15522.339, 'start': 15289.737, 'title': 'Exploring physical and mental limits', 'summary': 'Discusses the empowerment of individuals, pushing physical limits, and the ability to overcome challenges, as demonstrated through ultra marathon running and ironman competitions, with insights from the experiences of the speaker and a friend.', 'duration': 232.602, 'highlights': ['The speaker emphasizes the importance of allowing individuals to push their limits, even if it creates messy processes and uncomfortable feelings, highlighting the strength of America in empowering individuals. Empowerment of individuals, messy processes, uncomfortable feelings', 'The speaker shares insights from ultra marathon running and Ironman competitions, emphasizing the lesson that when one thinks they have nothing left, there are still untapped resources that can be called upon. Lessons from extreme sports, pushing physical limits, discovering untapped resources', 'The speaker presents the inspiring story of Charlie Engle, who transformed his life through running, from being a drug addict and prisoner to becoming an ultra marathon runner and author, highlighting the potential for personal transformation and growth. Transformation through running, personal growth, inspiring story']}, {'end': 15713.055, 'start': 15522.379, 'title': 'Challenging assumptions and exploration of range', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of challenging assumptions and pushing our limits, with insights on ultra marathon running and strengthening to prevent injuries.', 'duration': 190.676, 'highlights': ['The importance of challenging assumptions and pushing our limits is emphasized, with insights on ultra marathon running and strengthening to prevent injuries.', "Advice on preparing for an ultra marathon, including setting a timeline, strengthening the body, increasing mileage steadily, and listening to one's body, is highlighted.", 'The significance of functional strength training, such as burpees, to prevent injuries and enable long-distance running is emphasized.', 'The experience of running 22 miles and participating in a 4x4x48 challenge is shared, highlighting the impact of sleep deprivation during endurance activities.']}, {'end': 15919.453, 'start': 15713.495, 'title': 'Ultramarathon in taiwan: a 50k challenge', 'summary': 'Presents the experience of participating in an ultramarathon in taiwan, highlighting the grueling 50k mountain trail race, overcoming challenging terrains, and the determination to keep going despite the hardships.', 'duration': 205.958, 'highlights': ['Participating in the Taiwan Beast ultramarathon, a grueling 50K mountain trail race in Taiwan, which took 19 hours to complete with numerous challenging terrains and obstacles. Taiwan Beast ultramarathon, 50K mountain trail race, 19 hours duration', 'Encountering 15 cliff faces with makeshift handholds and 20 river crossings, adding to the extreme difficulty of the race. 15 cliff faces, 20 river crossings, extreme race difficulty', "Maintaining the determination to continue despite the challenging terrains and the internal message of 'quitting isn't an option' as a driving force for perseverance. Determination to continue, 'quitting isn't an option', perseverance"]}, {'end': 16456.312, 'start': 15921.574, 'title': "The chocolate shaman's journey", 'summary': 'Delves into the journey of a self-declared chocolate shaman who conducts sacred cacao ceremonies at tech conferences and other places, emphasizing the power of gratitude and interconnectedness, and the transformative nature of recognizing the sacred in everyday life.', 'duration': 534.738, 'highlights': ['The chapter delves into the journey of a self-declared chocolate shaman who conducts sacred cacao ceremonies at tech conferences and other places. The individual has been conducting sacred cacao ceremonies at various locations, including tech conferences and Soho House in New York, emphasizing the transformative nature of recognizing the sacred in everyday life.', 'Emphasizing the power of gratitude and interconnectedness. The chapter highlights the importance of gratitude and interconnectedness, as exemplified by the story of A.J. Jacobs and his exploration of the interconnectedness of individuals involved in producing a cup of coffee.', 'The transformative nature of recognizing the sacred in everyday life. The chapter underscores the transformative impact of recognizing the sacred in everyday life, using examples such as the appreciation for interconnected human efforts behind everyday objects like a stuffed hedgehog and a microphone.']}], 'duration': 1166.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I15289737.jpg', 'highlights': ['Empowerment of individuals, messy processes, uncomfortable feelings', 'Lessons from extreme sports, pushing physical limits, discovering untapped resources', 'Transformation through running, personal growth, inspiring story', 'The importance of challenging assumptions and pushing our limits', "Advice on preparing for an ultra marathon, including setting a timeline, strengthening the body, increasing mileage steadily, and listening to one's body", 'The significance of functional strength training, such as burpees, to prevent injuries and enable long-distance running', 'The experience of running 22 miles and participating in a 4x4x48 challenge', 'Taiwan Beast ultramarathon, 50K mountain trail race, 19 hours duration', '15 cliff faces, 20 river crossings, extreme race difficulty', "Determination to continue, 'quitting isn't an option', perseverance", 'The chapter delves into the journey of a self-declared chocolate shaman who conducts sacred cacao ceremonies at tech conferences and other places', 'Emphasizing the power of gratitude and interconnectedness', 'The transformative nature of recognizing the sacred in everyday life']}, {'end': 17700.44, 'segs': [{'end': 16709.317, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16664.642, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 16672.524, 'text': "But we're now reaching a point where our reach as humans, even individually but collectively, is so great that there's a mismatch between, as I said,", 'start': 16664.642, 'duration': 7.882}, {'end': 16677.525, 'text': 'the nature of the problems and the ability to solve those problems.', 'start': 16672.524, 'duration': 5.001}, {'end': 16685.246, 'text': "And unless we can address that broader global collective action problem, we're going to extinct ourselves.", 'start': 16678.165, 'duration': 7.081}, {'end': 16693.948, 'text': "And we see these different what I call verticals, whether it's climate change or trying to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation or anything else.", 'start': 16685.346, 'duration': 8.602}, {'end': 16696.31, 'text': 'But none of those can succeed.', 'start': 16694.628, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 16704.099, 'text': "And frankly, it doesn't even matter if one succeeds because all of them have the potential to lead to extinction level events.", 'start': 16696.33, 'duration': 7.769}, {'end': 16709.317, 'text': 'So I gave that talk and that talk went viral.', 'start': 16705.376, 'duration': 3.941}], 'summary': 'Global collective action needed to prevent extinction level events from various problems like climate change and nuclear proliferation.', 'duration': 44.675, 'max_score': 16664.642, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16664642.jpg'}, {'end': 16776.023, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16752.95, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 16760.914, 'text': 'We had an amazing team that helped redraft what became the Declaration of Interdependence, which is now in 20 languages.', 'start': 16752.95, 'duration': 7.964}, {'end': 16763.314, 'text': 'We laid out a work plan.', 'start': 16761.493, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 16766.978, 'text': 'We founded this organization called One Shared World.', 'start': 16763.395, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 16768.758, 'text': 'The URL is oneshared.world.', 'start': 16767.018, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 16771.48, 'text': "And it's just been this incredible journey.", 'start': 16768.979, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 16776.023, 'text': 'We now have people who are participating in one way or another from 120 different countries.', 'start': 16771.54, 'duration': 4.483}], 'summary': 'Redrafted declaration of interdependence in 20 languages, founded one shared world, 120 countries involved', 'duration': 23.073, 'max_score': 16752.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16752950.jpg'}, {'end': 16898.701, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16871.154, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 16877.217, 'text': 'So this is more like a make it more symmetric in terms of power.', 'start': 16871.154, 'duration': 6.063}, {'end': 16883.421, 'text': "It's holding accountable the nations, the leaders.", 'start': 16877.897, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 16886.643, 'text': 'The problem is nations are powerful.', 'start': 16884.021, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 16888.584, 'text': 'We talked about China quite a bit.', 'start': 16886.983, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 16898.701, 'text': 'How do you have an organizations of citizens of earth that can solve this collective problem that holds China accountable?', 'start': 16889.318, 'duration': 9.383}], 'summary': 'Seeking symmetric power balance to hold nations accountable, including china.', 'duration': 27.547, 'max_score': 16871.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16871154.jpg'}, {'end': 17011.78, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16964.474, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 16967.797, 'text': "We've had little minor successes, which we're very proud of.", 'start': 16964.474, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 16975.564, 'text': "We got the G20 leaders to incorporate the language that we provided on addressing the needs of the world's most vulnerable populations.", 'start': 16967.857, 'duration': 7.707}, {'end': 16981.111, 'text': 'into the final summit communique from the G20 Summit in Riyadh.', 'start': 16976.284, 'duration': 4.827}, {'end': 16990.163, 'text': "This year we're just on the verge of having our language pat on the same issue ensuring everyone on Earth has access to safe water,", 'start': 16981.812, 'duration': 8.351}, {'end': 16999.071, 'text': 'basic sanitation and hygiene, and essential pandemic protection by 2030, passed as part of a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly.', 'start': 16990.163, 'duration': 8.908}, {'end': 17003.194, 'text': "And it's where primarily, I mean, it's young people all around the world.", 'start': 16999.111, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 17011.78, 'text': "And when I told them that in the beginning of this year this is our goal we're going to get the UN General Assembly to pass a resolution with our language in it.", 'start': 17003.614, 'duration': 8.166}], 'summary': 'Successfully influenced g20 and aiming for un resolution on global access to water, sanitation, and pandemic protection by 2030.', 'duration': 47.306, 'max_score': 16964.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16964474.jpg'}, {'end': 17089.54, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17059.126, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 17061.509, 'text': 'And definitely the critique is merited.', 'start': 17059.126, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 17068.914, 'text': 'But young people have never been more empowered, educated, connected than they are now.', 'start': 17062.352, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 17080.857, 'text': "And so we've had a process with One Shared World where we partnered with the Model United Nations, the Aga Khan Foundation,", 'start': 17069.374, 'duration': 11.483}, {'end': 17082.238, 'text': 'the India Sanitation Coalition.', 'start': 17080.857, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 17089.54, 'text': 'And what we did is say, all right, we have this goal, water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection for everyone on earth by 2030.', 'start': 17082.298, 'duration': 7.242}], 'summary': 'Partnership with various organizations to achieve goal of water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection for everyone on earth by 2030.', 'duration': 30.414, 'max_score': 17059.126, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I17059126.jpg'}, {'end': 17189.953, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17163.912, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 17174.318, 'text': "but just going to a Global Citizen concert and waving your iPhone back and forth and tweeting about it isn't enough to drive the kind of change that's required.", 'start': 17163.912, 'duration': 10.406}, {'end': 17182.564, 'text': 'We need to come together even in untraditional ways and articulate the change we want and build popular movements to make that happen.', 'start': 17174.358, 'duration': 8.206}, {'end': 17189.953, 'text': 'And popular means scale and then movements of scale that actually, like were at the individual level,', 'start': 17182.987, 'duration': 6.966}], 'summary': 'Global citizen concert attendees must go beyond gestures to drive significant change, emphasizing the need for popular movements and scale.', 'duration': 26.041, 'max_score': 17163.912, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I17163912.jpg'}, {'end': 17350.681, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17321.568, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 17325.088, 'text': 'well, one of the things you mentioned, um, cryptocurrency.', 'start': 17321.568, 'duration': 3.52}, {'end': 17331.149, 'text': "and then, as you know better than most, there's cryptocurrency, and then, underneath the cryptocurrency,", 'start': 17325.088, 'duration': 6.061}, {'end': 17335.831, 'text': "there's the blockchain and the distributed ledger, And then, like we talked about,", 'start': 17331.149, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 17342.575, 'text': 'there are all these young people who are able to connect with each other, to organize in new ways.', 'start': 17335.831, 'duration': 6.744}, {'end': 17350.681, 'text': 'And I work with these young people every single day through One Shared World primarily, but also other things.', 'start': 17343.276, 'duration': 7.405}], 'summary': 'Cryptocurrency and blockchain enable young people to organize in new ways.', 'duration': 29.113, 'max_score': 17321.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I17321568.jpg'}], 'start': 16456.332, 'title': 'Global collective action and youth-led movement', 'summary': 'Discusses the urgent need for global collective action to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war, emphasizing the mismatch between the nature of these problems and our ability to solve them. it also details the efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide, including partnering with organizations like model united nations and india sanitation coalition, to create a comprehensive plan for water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection by 2030, resulting in a un resolution influenced by young voices.', 'chapters': [{'end': 16709.317, 'start': 16456.332, 'title': 'Global collective action problem', 'summary': 'Discusses the urgent need for global collective action to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war, emphasizing the mismatch between the nature of these problems and our ability to solve them.', 'duration': 252.985, 'highlights': ['The urgent need for global collective action to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war. The speaker emphasizes the need to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war through global collective action.', 'The mismatch between the nature of these problems and our ability to solve them. There is a highlighted mismatch between the nature of existential threats and our current ability to effectively address and solve them.', 'The historical context of the modern nation-state and the need for transcending national sovereignties. The speaker delves into the historical context of the modern nation-state and the need for systems that transcend national sovereignties to address global challenges.', 'The potential for extinction level events from various verticals such as climate change and nuclear weapons proliferation. The speaker discusses the potential for extinction level events from various verticals including climate change and nuclear weapons proliferation.']}, {'end': 17011.78, 'start': 16710.077, 'title': 'Global interdependence declaration', 'summary': 'Discusses the creation and impact of the declaration of global interdependence, the formation of the organization one shared world, and the ongoing effort to address global collective action problems, with notable achievements such as influencing the g20 summit and the united nations general assembly resolution.', 'duration': 301.703, 'highlights': ['The creation of the Declaration of Global Interdependence and the formation of the organization One Shared World, which now involves participants from 120 countries and holds public events with millions of viewers. The chapter discusses the drafting and viral spread of the Declaration of Global Interdependence, the formation of the organization One Shared World, and its global reach and impact.', 'Efforts to address global collective action problems and influence international decisions, leading to achievements such as incorporating language on addressing the needs of vulnerable populations into the G20 summit communique and potential passage of a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly. The chapter highlights the ongoing efforts to address global collective action problems, influence international decisions, and achieve notable successes such as impacting the G20 summit and the United Nations General Assembly resolution.', 'The challenge of creating an empowered global constituency to hold national and corporate leaders accountable for balancing broader and narrower interests, as well as the difficulty in effectively holding powerful nations like China accountable. The chapter delves into the challenge of creating an empowered global constituency to hold leaders accountable and the specific difficulties in holding powerful nations like China accountable.']}, {'end': 17146.057, 'start': 17012.36, 'title': 'Youth-led movement for global change', 'summary': 'Details the efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide, including partnering with organizations like model united nations and india sanitation coalition, to create a comprehensive plan for water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection by 2030, resulting in a un resolution influenced by young voices.', 'duration': 133.697, 'highlights': ['Efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide The organization partnered with the Model United Nations, the Aga Khan Foundation, and the India Sanitation Coalition to engage young people globally in creating a plan for global change.', 'Creation of a comprehensive plan for global change The organization facilitated debates and consultations using the Model UN framework in multiple languages, resulting in a plan for water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection for everyone by 2030, developed by young people from various countries.', 'Influence on UN resolution by young voices The plan developed by young people was turned into a UN resolution with the help of experienced individuals, including former UN chief counsel, and was sent to every government representative at the UN, ultimately influencing the passage of the resolution.']}, {'end': 17464.031, 'start': 17146.597, 'title': 'Empowering youth for global change', 'summary': 'Highlights the need for youth involvement in driving global change through popular movements, friendly competition between nations, and the optimism and hope seen in young people, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology.', 'duration': 317.434, 'highlights': ['The need for youth involvement in driving global change through popular movements The chapter emphasizes the importance of coming together in untraditional ways to articulate the change needed and build popular movements for significant impact.', 'The optimism and hope seen in young people, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology The transcript discusses the optimism and empowerment felt by young people through cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, which serves as an entry point for challenging power structures and driving change.', 'Advocating for friendly competition between nations and the role of leadership in driving positive change The chapter advocates for friendly competition between nations and the need to create frameworks and structures that allow positive leadership to emerge, inspiring the best instincts of people and driving towards a positive story.']}, {'end': 17700.44, 'start': 17464.611, 'title': "Jamie metzl's inspiring advice", 'summary': "Highlights jamie metzl's advice for young people to invest in knowing themselves, to have a creative and inquisitive mind, and to keep going despite mistakes, with a message of hope and resilience.", 'duration': 235.829, 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl emphasizes the importance of knowing oneself and standing for something, as the pathway to leading a meaningful life and contributing, with a message to not feel alienated from life as one gets older, advocating for self-awareness and personal values.', 'He encourages a creative and inquisitive mind, stating that it is the core of everything and that learning how to learn is crucial, emphasizing the constantly evolving knowledge base and the value of continuous learning.', 'Metzl shares a message of hope and resilience, highlighting the importance of self-love and recognizing the possibility to keep going even in the face of challenges, with a 100% chance of something better happening and the encouragement to persevere.', 'Expresses gratitude for the opportunity to have a long conversation and acknowledges the time spent, thanking the host for creating a platform for such discussions, and expressing his enjoyment in the conversation.']}], 'duration': 1244.108, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/K78jqx9fx2I/pics/K78jqx9fx2I16456331.jpg', 'highlights': ['The urgent need for global collective action to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war.', 'Efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide, including partnering with organizations like Model United Nations and India Sanitation Coalition.', 'Creation of a comprehensive plan for water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection by 2030, resulting in a UN resolution influenced by young voices.', 'The mismatch between the nature of these problems and our ability to solve them.', 'The creation of the Declaration of Global Interdependence and the formation of the organization One Shared World, involving participants from 120 countries and holding public events with millions of viewers.', 'Efforts to address global collective action problems and influence international decisions, leading to achievements such as incorporating language on addressing the needs of vulnerable populations into the G20 summit communique and potential passage of a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly.', 'The challenge of creating an empowered global constituency to hold national and corporate leaders accountable for balancing broader and narrower interests, as well as the difficulty in effectively holding powerful nations like China accountable.', 'The potential for extinction level events from various verticals such as climate change and nuclear weapons proliferation.', 'The need for youth involvement in driving global change through popular movements and advocating for friendly competition between nations and the role of leadership in driving positive change.', 'The optimism and hope seen in young people, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, advocating for self-awareness and personal values, and emphasizing the constantly evolving knowledge base and the value of continuous learning.']}], 'highlights': ['Jamie Metzl supports investigating COVID-19 origins, backing the lab leak hypothesis with circumstantial evidence.', 'Importance of exploring COVID-19 origins and having challenging conversations with diverse perspectives.', 'Metzl emphasizes the need for empathy, patience, and open-mindedness in asking hard questions and learning from others.', "The Chinese government's cover-up is preventing any meaningful investigation into pandemic origins, resulting in 15 million deaths.", 'The lack of transparency in the joint study between international experts and Chinese government, casting doubt on the narrative of natural origins and highlighting the potential lab origin, is a key concern.', "The interconnectedness of global fates is emphasized, stating that while focusing on local communities and countries is crucial, the impact of global events on each other's lives makes everyone a stakeholder in what happens elsewhere.", 'The urgent need for global collective action to address existential threats such as pandemics, climate change, and nuclear war.', 'Efforts to empower and mobilize young people worldwide, including partnering with organizations like Model United Nations and India Sanitation Coalition.', 'Creation of a comprehensive plan for water, sanitation, hygiene, and pandemic protection by 2030, resulting in a UN resolution influenced by young voices.', 'The mismatch between the nature of these problems and our ability to solve them.', 'The challenge of creating an empowered global constituency to hold national and corporate leaders accountable for balancing broader and narrower interests, as well as the difficulty in effectively holding powerful nations like China accountable.']}