title
Ken Miller on Intelligent Design

description
Ken Miller's talk on Intelligent Design at Case Western University. Ken Miller basically rips Intelligent Design apart in a 2 hour long exposé of the claims of intelligent design and the tactics that creationists employ to get it shoehorned into the American school system.

detail
{'title': 'Ken Miller on Intelligent Design', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "Ken miller's talk at case western reserve university covers his background as a cell biologist, the debate between evolution and intelligent design, legal implications of teaching evolution, evidence for evolution, societal impact, and the intersection of science, religion, and society.", 'chapters': [{'end': 375.61, 'segs': [{'end': 178.696, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 135.836, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 138.597, 'text': "For those of you who don't know me, I thought I would introduce myself.", 'start': 135.836, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 140.738, 'text': "I'm a cell biologist.", 'start': 139.577, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 144.449, 'text': 'I work at Brown University, which is in Providence, Rhode Island.', 'start': 141.468, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 148.11, 'text': 'I work on the structure and function of biological membranes.', 'start': 144.489, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 155.873, 'text': 'A lot of my work is with the electron microscope, and we try to work on assemblies and channels in biological membranes.', 'start': 148.79, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 159.234, 'text': "That's in a sense, as a researcher, that's one of my jobs.", 'start': 156.413, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 161.855, 'text': 'Another of my jobs is that of a teacher.', 'start': 159.934, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 165.496, 'text': "I'm able to be here today because we're between semesters.", 'start': 162.775, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 167.917, 'text': 'My spring classes start on January 26th.', 'start': 166.076, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 172.893, 'text': 'And in the fall, I teach an upper level course in cell and molecular biology.', 'start': 169.29, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 178.696, 'text': 'In the spring, I teach a freshman biology course, which is the largest single class at my university.', 'start': 173.353, 'duration': 5.343}], 'summary': 'Cell biologist at brown university specializing in biological membranes, also a teacher of upper and freshman biology courses.', 'duration': 42.86, 'max_score': 135.836, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg135836.jpg'}, {'end': 245.961, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 220.186, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 225.908, 'text': 'which I expected to be a nice little book that would be tucked away on library shelves and pretty much forgotten,', 'start': 220.186, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 227.829, 'text': 'although I was sure it would make my mother very proud.', 'start': 225.908, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 238.095, 'text': 'To my absolute astonishment, this book is now in its 23rd printing in paperback and has proven, in the words of my editor, Harper Collins,', 'start': 228.727, 'duration': 9.368}, {'end': 240.196, 'text': 'to be a bit of a classic on the issue.', 'start': 238.095, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 245.961, 'text': "And if you are interested in issues of evolution and religion, I'd very humbly suggest that you might find the book interesting.", 'start': 240.276, 'duration': 5.685}], 'summary': 'Book surpassed expectations, 23rd printing, a classic on evolution and religion.', 'duration': 25.775, 'max_score': 220.186, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg220186.jpg'}, {'end': 306.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 275.053, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 282.1, 'text': 'In 1999,, the Board of Education of the state of Kansas deleted all mention of evolution from the state science standards.', 'start': 275.053, 'duration': 7.047}, {'end': 290.988, 'text': 'They did that because they regarded evolution either as shaky science or as threatening to the personal beliefs of students and their parents.', 'start': 282.66, 'duration': 8.328}, {'end': 294.351, 'text': 'What happened afterwards I think is remarkable.', 'start': 291.829, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 306.222, 'text': 'The voters of Kansas had about a year to think about this and in the summer of 2000 they voted most of that board out of office and elected a new pro-science majority to the board.', 'start': 294.832, 'duration': 11.39}], 'summary': 'Kansas board of education removed evolution from standards in 1999, but was voted out in 2000 for a pro-science majority.', 'duration': 31.169, 'max_score': 275.053, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg275053.jpg'}, {'end': 340.145, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 316.139, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 323.441, 'text': 'And what happened that summer was that an anti-science or anti-evolution majority, majority of six to four, gained control of the Kansas board.', 'start': 316.139, 'duration': 7.302}, {'end': 330.922, 'text': 'And in a little bit, I will show you what they have been doing in the past year to science standards in Kansas.', 'start': 324.581, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 337.442, 'text': 'I spent almost a week that summer in Kansas actually campaigning for pro-science candidates.', 'start': 331.982, 'duration': 5.46}, {'end': 340.145, 'text': 'I actually expect to do that this summer in Kansas.', 'start': 337.522, 'duration': 2.623}], 'summary': 'An anti-science majority of six to four gained control of the kansas board, leading to efforts to change science standards.', 'duration': 24.006, 'max_score': 316.139, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg316139.jpg'}], 'start': 17.441, 'title': 'Evolution, religion, and truth', 'summary': "Covers ken miller's talk at case western reserve university, his background as a cell biologist at brown university, the importance of seeking truth, the author's success with a book on evolution and religion, the impact of the debate on evolution in kansas, and campaigning for pro-science candidates in kansas.", 'chapters': [{'end': 197.869, 'start': 17.441, 'title': 'Ken miller: the collapse of intelligent design', 'summary': "Discusses ken miller's talk at case western reserve university, highlighting his background as a cell biologist at brown university, his role as a teacher, and the significance of the audience, emphasizing the importance of seeking truth in understanding life and society.", 'duration': 180.428, 'highlights': ['Ken Miller is a cell biologist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, where he works on the structure and function of biological membranes, utilizing electron microscopy for his research.', 'He teaches upper-level and freshman biology courses at Brown University, with the latter being the largest single class at the university, emphasizing the impact and reach of his teaching role.', "The significance of seeking truth and wisdom in considering life and society, as highlighted in Reverend George Murphy's prayer and Miller's acknowledgment of interesting times, underscores the importance of humility and understanding in addressing important issues."]}, {'end': 375.61, 'start': 198.516, 'title': 'Evolution and religion: a surprising journey', 'summary': "Discusses the author's unexpected success with a book on evolution and religion, the impact of the debate on evolution in kansas, and the author's involvement in campaigning for pro-science candidates in kansas.", 'duration': 177.094, 'highlights': ["The author's book on evolution and religion is now in its 23rd printing in paperback and has become a bit of a classic on the issue, proving to be a surprising success.", 'The state of Kansas experienced a shift in the board of education after the deletion of evolution from the state science standards, highlighting the impact of the debate on evolution at the governmental level.', 'The author actively campaigned for pro-science candidates in Kansas, indicating a personal involvement in advocating for the teaching of evolution in schools.']}], 'duration': 358.169, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg17441.jpg', 'highlights': ['Ken Miller works on the structure and function of biological membranes at Brown University.', 'Miller teaches the largest single class at Brown University, emphasizing the impact of his teaching role.', "The author's book on evolution and religion is now in its 23rd printing in paperback, proving to be a surprising success.", 'The state of Kansas experienced a shift in the board of education after the deletion of evolution from the state science standards, highlighting the impact of the debate on evolution at the governmental level.', 'The author actively campaigned for pro-science candidates in Kansas, indicating personal involvement in advocating for the teaching of evolution in schools.']}, {'end': 873.416, 'segs': [{'end': 447.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 418.8, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 425.023, 'text': "Now, one of the things that's striking about this is this purely scientific movement attracts an awful lot of support,", 'start': 418.8, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 426.704, 'text': 'which is not necessarily scientific.', 'start': 425.023, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 431.866, 'text': 'And I want to show you a picture that was taken outside the auditorium in Columbus on the way in.', 'start': 427.044, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 441.71, 'text': 'And this gentleman here was in the business of telling me and other people exactly where we would spend eternity if we were foolish enough to take the side of Charles Darwin.', 'start': 432.306, 'duration': 9.404}, {'end': 447.673, 'text': "It's very clear that this is an issue that arouses very strong and very strongly felt religious feelings.", 'start': 442.15, 'duration': 5.523}], 'summary': 'Scientific movement attracts non-scientific support, sparking strong religious feelings.', 'duration': 28.873, 'max_score': 418.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg418800.jpg'}, {'end': 523.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 496.373, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 503.675, 'text': 'But if you go to a website such as Answers in Genesis, which is the leading anti-evolution organization in the United States,', 'start': 496.373, 'duration': 7.302}, {'end': 505.596, 'text': "you'll find a very different set of reasons.", 'start': 503.675, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 508.265, 'text': 'And I invite you to take a look at this graphic.', 'start': 506.323, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 515.591, 'text': 'Evolution is depicted as the foundation of lawlessness, homosexuality, pornography and abortion.', 'start': 508.825, 'duration': 6.766}, {'end': 523.318, 'text': "Not just that it's wrong, but it is the source of all of these bad things, whereas creationism is the source of a lot of good things.", 'start': 516.111, 'duration': 7.207}], 'summary': 'Answers in genesis presents evolution as the foundation of lawlessness, homosexuality, pornography, and abortion, contrasting it with creationism as the source of good things.', 'duration': 26.945, 'max_score': 496.373, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg496373.jpg'}, {'end': 614.354, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 595.546, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 606.854, 'text': 'Some of you may know that about four years ago a county in Georgia thought that the new biology books they had bought for their students were so dangerous in terms of their treatment of evolution that they needed warning stickers on them.', 'start': 595.546, 'duration': 11.308}, {'end': 608.832, 'text': 'And I thought you might be interested.', 'start': 607.452, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 614.354, 'text': "What textbook was so dangerous and so outrageous that it needed a warning sticker? So I figured I'd bring you a picture.", 'start': 608.892, 'duration': 5.462}], 'summary': 'Georgia county placed warning stickers on biology books due to treatment of evolution.', 'duration': 18.808, 'max_score': 595.546, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg595546.jpg'}, {'end': 696.734, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 668.638, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 671.145, 'text': "And in just a second, I'll show you exactly what I mean.", 'start': 668.638, 'duration': 2.507}, {'end': 676.405, 'text': 'Now, as it turns out, our president has tried to be helpful on this particular point.', 'start': 672.023, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 684.489, 'text': 'And many of you may know that President Bush was asked about this and he said I think students should be exposed to both sides of the issue,', 'start': 676.985, 'duration': 7.504}, {'end': 687.65, 'text': 'by which he meant evolution and also intelligent design.', 'start': 684.489, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 690.451, 'text': 'And Time Magazine when they wrote this up.', 'start': 688.33, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 696.734, 'text': "absolutely incredibly, my co-author Joe Levine found this they superimposed President Bush's face on our biology textbook.", 'start': 690.451, 'duration': 6.283}], 'summary': 'President bush advocates teaching both evolution and intelligent design in schools.', 'duration': 28.096, 'max_score': 668.638, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg668638.jpg'}, {'end': 763.602, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 731.531, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 735.932, 'text': "who's a fine scientist and was picked by President Bush to give him advice on science.", 'start': 731.531, 'duration': 4.401}, {'end': 742.19, 'text': 'He was asked by Russell Durbin from Ohio State University what he thought about evolution.', 'start': 736.867, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 746.112, 'text': 'And Dr. Marburger said evolution is the cornerstone of modern biology.', 'start': 742.67, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 750.094, 'text': 'And he pointed out an awful lot of work that we do at NIH depends upon evolution.', 'start': 746.493, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 755.137, 'text': 'And then he was very quick to say that President Bush has supported large increases for NIH funding.', 'start': 750.395, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 763.602, 'text': 'And he was also asked at the National Association of Science Writers, he said, look, Intelligent design is not a scientific theory.', 'start': 755.918, 'duration': 7.684}], 'summary': "Dr. marburger emphasizes evolution's importance in biology and nih funding support under president bush.", 'duration': 32.071, 'max_score': 731.531, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg731531.jpg'}], 'start': 377.121, 'title': 'Evolution and intelligent design debate', 'summary': "Delves into the debate between evolution and intelligent design, covering religious and scientific aspects, including opposition to evolution and the warning stickers on biology books in georgia. it also explores president bush's opinion on evolution, its impact on science education, and the legal action against warning stickers on science textbooks in georgia.", 'chapters': [{'end': 668.037, 'start': 377.121, 'title': 'Debating evolution and intelligent design', 'summary': 'Discusses the debate between evolution and intelligent design, addressing the religious and scientific aspects, including opposition to evolution and the warning stickers on biology books in georgia.', 'duration': 290.916, 'highlights': ["Debaters on the issue of evolution claim to lead a purely scientific movement, yet it attracts non-scientific support, as illustrated by a picture taken outside an auditorium in Columbus. The debate on evolution attracts non-scientific support, as seen in a picture taken outside an auditorium in Columbus, indicating the issue's religious and strongly felt feelings.", 'Opponents of evolution often claim it as shaky science, while anti-evolution organizations depict evolution as the foundation of negative aspects in society, contrasting it with creationism as the source of good things. Opponents of evolution claim it as shaky science, while anti-evolution organizations depict it as the foundation of negative aspects in society, contrasting it with creationism as the source of good things.', 'A county in Georgia placed warning stickers on biology books, cautioning that evolution is a theory, not a fact, demonstrating the controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution. A county in Georgia placed warning stickers on biology books, cautioning that evolution is a theory, not a fact, demonstrating the controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution.']}, {'end': 873.416, 'start': 668.638, 'title': "President bush's opinion on evolution", 'summary': "Discusses president bush's opinion on evolution, the impact of his views on science education, and the legal action against warning stickers on science textbooks in georgia.", 'duration': 204.778, 'highlights': ["President Bush's opinion on evolution and intelligent design, as well as the impact of his views on science education.", "The response of Dr. John Marburger, President Bush's science advisor, emphasizing the importance of evolution in modern biology and the significant NIH funding increases supported by President Bush.", 'The legal action in Georgia against warning stickers promoting a religious point of view on science textbooks, resulting in their removal by federal court order.']}], 'duration': 496.295, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg377121.jpg', 'highlights': ["The debate on evolution attracts non-scientific support, as seen in a picture taken outside an auditorium in Columbus, indicating the issue's religious and strongly felt feelings.", 'Opponents of evolution claim it as shaky science, while anti-evolution organizations depict it as the foundation of negative aspects in society, contrasting it with creationism as the source of good things.', 'A county in Georgia placed warning stickers on biology books, cautioning that evolution is a theory, not a fact, demonstrating the controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution.', "President Bush's opinion on evolution and intelligent design, as well as the impact of his views on science education.", "The response of Dr. John Marburger, President Bush's science advisor, emphasizing the importance of evolution in modern biology and the significant NIH funding increases supported by President Bush.", 'The legal action in Georgia against warning stickers promoting a religious point of view on science textbooks, resulting in their removal by federal court order.']}, {'end': 1347.412, 'segs': [{'end': 1036.355, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 989.615, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 991.916, 'text': 'This textbook has material on science.', 'start': 989.615, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 996.615, 'text': 'Science is built around theories which are strongly supported by factual evidence.', 'start': 992.751, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 1002.461, 'text': 'Everything in science should be approached with an open mind, studied carefully and critically considered.', 'start': 997.196, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 1005.965, 'text': "That's the appropriate emphasis, and that's the sticker that I'd like to see.", 'start': 1002.781, 'duration': 3.184}, {'end': 1021.023, 'text': 'Bottom line, singling out evolution or any subject for special treatment is very bad science education and also is legally dangerous.', 'start': 1011.576, 'duration': 9.447}, {'end': 1026.087, 'text': "And the reason it's legally dangerous is because it naturally leads one to say why?", 'start': 1021.083, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 1031.031, 'text': 'Why are you singling out one topic for special consideration?', 'start': 1026.646, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 1036.355, 'text': 'And if that reason turns out to be constitutionally prohibited, you might be in difficult straits.', 'start': 1031.451, 'duration': 4.904}], 'summary': "Science education should avoid singling out topics, as it's legally dangerous and goes against the principles of open-mindedness and critical study.", 'duration': 46.74, 'max_score': 989.615, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg989615.jpg'}, {'end': 1095.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1074.287, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1084.052, 'text': 'What the board then did was to order its superintendent and assistant superintendent to go into classes and to read a one-minute statement about intelligent design to students.', 'start': 1074.287, 'duration': 9.765}, {'end': 1088.1, 'text': 'That led a number of parents to complain about this.', 'start': 1084.858, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1090.682, 'text': 'And before long, there was a federal lawsuit.', 'start': 1088.52, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1095.124, 'text': 'That lawsuit was tried this fall from September to late October.', 'start': 1091.122, 'duration': 4.002}], 'summary': 'Board ordered reading of intelligent design statement, leading to federal lawsuit in fall.', 'duration': 20.837, 'max_score': 1074.287, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1074287.jpg'}, {'end': 1221.512, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1192.927, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1196.39, 'text': 'Before the court case was decided, they voted the entire Board of Education.', 'start': 1192.927, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 1199.813, 'text': 'All eight members up for reelection were voted out of office.', 'start': 1197.111, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1206.62, 'text': "And I think that's a marvelous testament to the fact that people can understand the issues.", 'start': 1201.055, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 1210.103, 'text': 'And when they understand the issues, they go out and they make intelligent choices.', 'start': 1207.14, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 1215.188, 'text': 'And I should also point out this was actually, in many respects, was difficult for voters in Dover to do.', 'start': 1210.403, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 1217.35, 'text': 'This is a town that typically votes 75% Republican.', 'start': 1215.228, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 1221.512, 'text': 'The school board was all Republican.', 'start': 1219.191, 'duration': 2.321}], 'summary': 'All 8 board of education members voted out; town typically 75% republican.', 'duration': 28.585, 'max_score': 1192.927, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1192927.jpg'}, {'end': 1273.779, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1245.185, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1248.207, 'text': 'While this was going on, the legal system worked as well.', 'start': 1245.185, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 1258.589, 'text': 'And at the end of the trial, the federal judge who rendered this verdict, John Jones, basically ruled that intelligent design was unconstitutional.', 'start': 1249.143, 'duration': 9.446}, {'end': 1265.794, 'text': 'His verdict was sweeping, and that is, he not only ruled on the narrow issue of whether this was appropriate.', 'start': 1259.09, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 1273.779, 'text': 'he ruled on the broader issue of whether intelligent design was actually a legitimate scientific idea that belonged in the classroom at all.', 'start': 1265.794, 'duration': 7.985}], 'summary': 'Federal judge john jones ruled intelligent design unconstitutional in a sweeping verdict.', 'duration': 28.594, 'max_score': 1245.185, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1245185.jpg'}], 'start': 873.416, 'title': 'Evolutionary theory and legal implications', 'summary': 'Discusses the controversy around a biology textbook sticker, emphasizing the importance of open-mindedness. it also explores the legal implications of teaching evolution, citing the dover, pennsylvania case, resulting in the removal of board members. furthermore, it delves into the verdict of the kitzmiller et al. v. dover area school district case, where intelligent design was ruled unconstitutional.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1005.965, 'start': 873.416, 'title': 'Evolutionary theory and sticker controversy', 'summary': 'Discusses the controversy around a sticker in a biology textbook, highlighting the misconception of theories and facts and emphasizing the importance of open-mindedness in the study of science.', 'duration': 132.549, 'highlights': ['The misconception of theories and facts is highlighted, with the explanation that theories in science are a higher level of understanding than facts, as they explain and unite them.', 'The emphasis on the importance of open-mindedness and critical consideration in the study of science is stressed, particularly in contrast to the treatment of evolution.', "The controversy around a sticker in a biology textbook, and the author's critique of its wording, is discussed, with a proposed alternative wording to emphasize the importance of open-mindedness in the study of science."]}, {'end': 1243.845, 'start': 1011.576, 'title': 'Teaching evolution and legal implications', 'summary': 'Discusses the legal implications of singling out evolution in science education, citing a case in dover, pennsylvania, where the board of education faced a federal lawsuit for attempting to teach intelligent design, leading to the removal of all eight members up for reelection.', 'duration': 232.269, 'highlights': ["The Board of Education in Dover, Pennsylvania, faced a federal lawsuit for attempting to teach intelligent design, eventually leading to the removal of all eight members up for reelection. The controversy in Dover, Pennsylvania, involved the Board of Education's decision to teach intelligent design, which resulted in a federal lawsuit and the subsequent removal of all eight members up for reelection.", 'The teachers in Pennsylvania refused to teach intelligent design, citing a provision of the Pennsylvania Teacher Code of Ethics, which led to a federal lawsuit that was tried from September to late October. The biology teachers in Pennsylvania refused to teach intelligent design, citing a provision of the Pennsylvania Teacher Code of Ethics, leading to a federal lawsuit that was tried from September to late October.', 'The voters in Dover, Pennsylvania, voted out all eight members up for reelection, reflecting the impact of public understanding and intelligent choices. The voters in Dover, Pennsylvania, took action by voting out all eight members up for reelection, demonstrating the impact of public understanding and intelligent choices.', 'The chapter emphasizes the legal danger and negative educational impact of singling out evolution or any subject for special treatment. The chapter emphasizes the legal danger and negative educational impact of singling out evolution or any subject for special treatment, stating that it is bad science education and legally dangerous.']}, {'end': 1347.412, 'start': 1245.185, 'title': 'Kitzmiller et al. v. dover area school district', 'summary': 'Discusses the verdict of the kitzmiller et al. v. dover area school district case, where federal judge john jones ruled intelligent design as unconstitutional and not a legitimate scientific idea for classroom teaching.', 'duration': 102.227, 'highlights': ['Federal judge John Jones ruled intelligent design as unconstitutional and not a legitimate scientific idea for classroom teaching. The federal judge, John Jones, ruled that intelligent design was unconstitutional and not a legitimate scientific idea for classroom teaching.', 'Judge Jones was a Bush-appointed, church-going Republican judge, recommended for the federal bench by Senator Rick Santorum in Pennsylvania. Judge Jones, a political protege of former Governor Tom Ridge, was recommended for the federal bench by Senator Rick Santorum in Pennsylvania, refuting the notion that he is a liberal activist judge.', 'The case was named Kitzmiller et al., based on lead plaintiff Tammy Kitzmiller. The case was named Kitzmiller et al., based on lead plaintiff Tammy Kitzmiller.']}], 'duration': 473.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg873416.jpg', 'highlights': ["The controversy around a sticker in a biology textbook, and the author's critique of its wording, is discussed, with a proposed alternative wording to emphasize the importance of open-mindedness in the study of science.", 'The chapter emphasizes the legal danger and negative educational impact of singling out evolution or any subject for special treatment. It states that it is bad science education and legally dangerous.', 'Federal judge John Jones ruled intelligent design as unconstitutional and not a legitimate scientific idea for classroom teaching.', 'The voters in Dover, Pennsylvania, took action by voting out all eight members up for reelection, demonstrating the impact of public understanding and intelligent choices.', 'The teachers in Pennsylvania refused to teach intelligent design, citing a provision of the Pennsylvania Teacher Code of Ethics, which led to a federal lawsuit that was tried from September to late October.']}, {'end': 2101.71, 'segs': [{'end': 1396.978, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1366.267, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1370.11, 'text': "I'm sure all of you are familiar that this has been an issue in the state of Ohio.", 'start': 1366.267, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1373.914, 'text': 'It is also a continuing issue, as we shall see, in the state of Kansas.', 'start': 1370.551, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 1388.296, 'text': 'And I just very quickly colored in a few more states in which there are either boards of education that are trying to de-emphasize evolution or bills filed in state legislature to give equal time to intelligent design,', 'start': 1374.614, 'duration': 13.682}, {'end': 1391.437, 'text': 'theory, criticisms of evolution or even creation science.', 'start': 1388.296, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 1396.978, 'text': 'Many of my friends up in the Northeast tend to say, oh, this is just a problem in flyover country.', 'start': 1391.937, 'duration': 5.041}], 'summary': 'Evolution de-emphasized in multiple states, including ohio and kansas.', 'duration': 30.711, 'max_score': 1366.267, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1366267.jpg'}, {'end': 1454.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1428.75, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1434.796, 'text': "Wilson is down there in Alabama and Mississippi, and you're damn straight it matters what we teach people in every classroom in this country.", 'start': 1428.75, 'duration': 6.046}, {'end': 1436.357, 'text': "Let's go to Kansas.", 'start': 1435.496, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 1441.682, 'text': 'Advocates of so-called intelligent design scored no question about it,', 'start': 1437.778, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 1447.747, 'text': 'a major victory in Kansas this year by attacking what they called naturalism in state standards.', 'start': 1441.682, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 1452.516, 'text': 'This may happen in Ohio too, so I would urge you to be on guard about this.', 'start': 1448.425, 'duration': 4.091}, {'end': 1454.081, 'text': 'Now, what do I mean by naturalism?', 'start': 1452.577, 'duration': 1.504}], 'summary': 'Advocates of intelligent design scored a major victory in kansas by attacking naturalism in state standards.', 'duration': 25.331, 'max_score': 1428.75, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1428750.jpg'}, {'end': 1514.314, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1485.829, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1491.032, 'text': "Secondly, that they would introduce so-called criticisms of evolution of the sort that you've seen in Ohio.", 'start': 1485.829, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 1498.376, 'text': 'But if you really want to know what is at risk from the anti-evolution movement, look at Kansas.', 'start': 1491.492, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 1503.219, 'text': 'And the reason for that is when the anti-evolution movement got control of the State Board of Education.', 'start': 1498.836, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 1503.679, 'text': 'what did they do??', 'start': 1503.219, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 1507.953, 'text': 'They rewrote the definition of science itself.', 'start': 1504.392, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 1509.253, 'text': 'Not just biology.', 'start': 1508.313, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1510.553, 'text': 'Not just evolution.', 'start': 1509.653, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 1514.314, 'text': "Science All of a sudden, they're getting the chemists upset.", 'start': 1511.133, 'duration': 3.181}], 'summary': 'Kansas state board of education redefined science, upsetting chemists.', 'duration': 28.485, 'max_score': 1485.829, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1485829.jpg'}, {'end': 1711.076, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1684.667, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1688.807, 'text': 'And you know what? Until the Dover trial, I would have thought that too.', 'start': 1684.667, 'duration': 4.14}, {'end': 1691.508, 'text': 'But a funny thing happened at the Dover trial.', 'start': 1689.207, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 1693.489, 'text': 'Pay attention to this one down here.', 'start': 1691.848, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 1701.694, 'text': 'And that is, where would intelligent design take the science classrooms? Michael Behe was placed on the stand under oath in the Dover trial.', 'start': 1694.25, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 1704.955, 'text': 'Michael is a professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University.', 'start': 1702.174, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1711.076, 'text': "He's probably the country's leading advocate of what he calls the biochemical challenge to evolution.", 'start': 1705.335, 'duration': 5.741}], 'summary': 'At the dover trial, michael behe testified as a leading advocate of biochemical challenge to evolution.', 'duration': 26.409, 'max_score': 1684.667, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1684667.jpg'}, {'end': 1893.967, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1864.999, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1868.719, 'text': 'That the fossil record is a problem of one sort for evolution.', 'start': 1864.999, 'duration': 3.72}, {'end': 1872.36, 'text': "You might hear people say that the fossil record doesn't support evolution.", 'start': 1869.179, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 1876.953, 'text': 'Well, the National Academy of Sciences only a few years ago basically said look,', 'start': 1873.01, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 1886.221, 'text': "there are so many intermediate forms between all these species that it's often difficult to identify categorically where the transition occurs from one species to another.", 'start': 1876.953, 'duration': 9.268}, {'end': 1889.724, 'text': "In other words, there's so many transitional forms, we actually argue about this.", 'start': 1886.241, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 1893.967, 'text': "Christine Janis, a friend of mine at Brown, who's a paleontologist.", 'start': 1890.084, 'duration': 3.883}], 'summary': 'The fossil record poses a challenge for evolution, with numerous intermediate forms making transitions between species difficult to categorically identify.', 'duration': 28.968, 'max_score': 1864.999, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1864999.jpg'}, {'end': 1970.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1943.742, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1949.444, 'text': "For example, we've known for a long time that whales and dolphins evolved from terrestrial mammals.", 'start': 1943.742, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 1953.606, 'text': 'There are unmistakable marks in their genetics and in their skeleton of this.', 'start': 1949.484, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 1959.948, 'text': 'But critics of evolution have said, oh yeah, well, you know, if they did, where are the intermediate forms? You know, put up or shut up.', 'start': 1954.286, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 1963.849, 'text': "And in fact I've even seen cartoons that looked a bit like this,", 'start': 1960.548, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 1970.304, 'text': 'ridiculing the notion that an intermediate could even exist between a land mammal and a swimming mammal.', 'start': 1963.849, 'duration': 6.455}], 'summary': "Whales and dolphins evolved from terrestrial mammals, with genetic and skeletal evidence, addressing critics' claims.", 'duration': 26.562, 'max_score': 1943.742, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1943742.jpg'}], 'start': 1347.752, 'title': 'Evolution in education', 'summary': 'Discusses the de-emphasis of evolution in education, focusing on challenges in kansas and other states, emphasizing natural explanations in science, and consequences of promoting non-naturalistic explanations. it also covers the dover trial, the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory witnessed in the trial, and the debunking of arguments against evolution through the discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1666.478, 'start': 1347.752, 'title': 'Evolution education debate', 'summary': 'Discusses the nationwide issue of de-emphasizing evolution in education, highlighting the challenges faced in kansas and other states, emphasizing the importance of teaching science based on natural explanations, and the consequences of promoting non-naturalistic explanations.', 'duration': 318.726, 'highlights': ['The anti-evolution movement in Kansas rewrote the definition of science to include non-naturalistic explanations, which may limit inquiry and permissible explanations and promote supernatural philosophy. The Kansas Board of Education, governed by an anti-evolution majority, rewrote the definition of science to open it up to non-naturalistic explanations, potentially limiting inquiry and promoting the philosophy of naturalism.', 'Advocates of intelligent design scored a major victory in Kansas and Ohio, de-emphasizing evolution and introducing criticisms of evolution in state standards. Advocates of intelligent design achieved a major victory in Kansas and Ohio by de-emphasizing evolution, introducing criticisms of evolution, and attacking naturalism in state standards.', 'The importance of teaching science based on natural explanations is emphasized, emphasizing the nationwide issue of de-emphasizing evolution in various states. The importance of teaching science based on natural explanations is emphasized, highlighting the nationwide issue of de-emphasizing evolution in various states.']}, {'end': 2101.71, 'start': 1666.539, 'title': 'Dover trial and the collapse of intelligent design', 'summary': 'Discusses the dover trial, where the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory was witnessed, highlighted by the testimony of biochemist michael behe, and the discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record, debunking the argument against evolution.', 'duration': 435.171, 'highlights': ["Biochemist Michael Behe's testimony at the Dover trial revealed that his definition of theory was so broad it would also include astrology, prompting laughter from the court. During the Dover trial, biochemist Michael Behe's admission that his definition of theory would include astrology, prompting laughter from the court, highlighted the lack of scientific basis for intelligent design.", "The discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record, including five intermediate forms of the 'walking whale' within the last two decades, debunked the argument against the existence of intermediates in the evolution of marine mammals. The discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record, including five intermediate forms of the 'walking whale' within the last two decades, debunked the argument against the existence of intermediates in the evolution of marine mammals, reinforcing the evidence for evolution.", "The National Academy of Sciences stated that the fossil record contains numerous transitional forms between species, challenging the argument that the fossil record does not support evolution. The National Academy of Sciences' acknowledgment of numerous transitional forms in the fossil record challenged the argument that the fossil record does not support evolution, providing substantial evidence in favor of evolutionary theory."]}], 'duration': 753.958, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg1347752.jpg', 'highlights': ['The Kansas Board of Education rewrote the definition of science to open it up to non-naturalistic explanations, potentially limiting inquiry and promoting the philosophy of naturalism.', 'Advocates of intelligent design achieved a major victory in Kansas and Ohio by de-emphasizing evolution, introducing criticisms of evolution, and attacking naturalism in state standards.', 'The importance of teaching science based on natural explanations is emphasized, highlighting the nationwide issue of de-emphasizing evolution in various states.', "During the Dover trial, biochemist Michael Behe's admission that his definition of theory would include astrology, prompting laughter from the court, highlighted the lack of scientific basis for intelligent design.", "The discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record, including five intermediate forms of the 'walking whale' within the last two decades, debunked the argument against the existence of intermediates in the evolution of marine mammals, reinforcing the evidence for evolution.", "The National Academy of Sciences' acknowledgment of numerous transitional forms in the fossil record challenged the argument that the fossil record does not support evolution, providing substantial evidence in favor of evolutionary theory."]}, {'end': 4231.265, 'segs': [{'end': 2169.034, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2139.671, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2144.493, 'text': 'What do we find? I want to show you one striking finding that dates to about a year ago.', 'start': 2139.671, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 2152.557, 'text': 'You all know that evolution argues that we share a common ancestor with the great apes, the chimpanzee, the gorilla, and the orangutan.', 'start': 2145.013, 'duration': 7.544}, {'end': 2156.018, 'text': "Well, if that's true, there should be genetic similarities, and in fact, there are.", 'start': 2153.097, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 2164.65, 'text': "But there's something that's really interesting and has the potential if it were true, to contradict evolutionary common ancestry.", 'start': 2156.498, 'duration': 8.152}, {'end': 2169.034, 'text': 'And that is we have two fewer chromosomes than the other gradives.', 'start': 2164.95, 'duration': 4.084}], 'summary': 'Genetic study suggests potential contradiction to evolutionary common ancestry with fewer chromosomes.', 'duration': 29.363, 'max_score': 2139.671, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2139671.jpg'}, {'end': 2289.215, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2262.367, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2266.29, 'text': 'and the resulting fused chromosome should actually have two centromeres.', 'start': 2262.367, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 2270.893, 'text': 'One of them might become inactivated, but nonetheless, it should still be there.', 'start': 2266.89, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 2272.794, 'text': 'So we can scan our genome.', 'start': 2271.453, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 2276.096, 'text': "And you know what? If we don't find that chromosome, evolution's in trouble.", 'start': 2272.874, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 2279.078, 'text': "Well, guess what? It's chromosome number two.", 'start': 2276.536, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 2284.493, 'text': 'Our chromosome number two was formed by the fusion of two primate chromosomes.', 'start': 2279.87, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 2289.215, 'text': 'This is the paper from Nature a little more than a year ago, and I put up a little of the paper.', 'start': 2285.133, 'duration': 4.082}], 'summary': 'Chromosome 2 resulted from fusion of 2 primate chromosomes, crucial for evolution.', 'duration': 26.848, 'max_score': 2262.367, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2262367.jpg'}, {'end': 2423.567, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2398.192, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2405.377, 'text': "The notion that these complicated biochemical structures couldn't have been produced by evolution has been championed by Michael Behe.", 'start': 2398.192, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 2408.919, 'text': 'And Behe has an idea that he calls irreducible complexity.', 'start': 2405.957, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 2412.921, 'text': "And he says you can't evolve these things because they're irreducibly complex.", 'start': 2409.359, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 2414.562, 'text': 'Notice what he says.', 'start': 2413.842, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 2423.567, 'text': "An irreducibly complex system can't be produced the way that evolution works, by numerous successive slight modifications of a precursor system,", 'start': 2415.183, 'duration': 8.384}], 'summary': 'Michael behe champions the idea of irreducible complexity, arguing it cannot evolve through gradual modifications.', 'duration': 25.375, 'max_score': 2398.192, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2398192.jpg'}, {'end': 2695.198, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2672.975, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2680.804, 'text': 'The 10 proteins that make up the type 3 secretory system are directly homologous to the 10 proteins in the base of the bacterial flagella.', 'start': 2672.975, 'duration': 7.829}, {'end': 2682.445, 'text': "They don't produce movement.", 'start': 2681.224, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 2683.967, 'text': "They're not a flagella.", 'start': 2682.666, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 2686.91, 'text': 'But are they functional? They are fully functional.', 'start': 2684.307, 'duration': 2.603}, {'end': 2688.452, 'text': 'So remember that claim.', 'start': 2687.331, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 2695.198, 'text': 'Any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition non-functional.', 'start': 2689.052, 'duration': 6.146}], 'summary': 'Type 3 secretory system has 10 homologous proteins to bacterial flagella, is fully functional.', 'duration': 22.223, 'max_score': 2672.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2672975.jpg'}, {'end': 2735.541, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2712.773, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2721.451, 'text': "Now it's even wronger than that, because it turns out that not only do these proteins make up the type 3 secretory apparatus,", 'start': 2712.773, 'duration': 8.678}, {'end': 2729.357, 'text': 'but almost every protein in the bacterial flagellum is strongly homologous to proteins that have other functions elsewhere in the cell.', 'start': 2721.451, 'duration': 7.906}, {'end': 2735.541, 'text': 'And what that means is, when we look at this wonderful icon of intelligent design,', 'start': 2729.977, 'duration': 5.564}], 'summary': 'Bacterial flagellum proteins are homologous, challenging intelligent design.', 'duration': 22.768, 'max_score': 2712.773, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2712773.jpg'}, {'end': 2806.858, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2775.768, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2778.871, 'text': 'In the absence of any of them, blood does not clot and the system fails.', 'start': 2775.768, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 2786.339, 'text': 'So the argument is the reason we know a creator had to create it or design it is because all the parts have to be present together.', 'start': 2778.891, 'duration': 7.448}, {'end': 2792.605, 'text': "And the reason we know that is in the absence of any of the components, Blood doesn't clot and the system fails.", 'start': 2786.779, 'duration': 5.826}, {'end': 2800.132, 'text': "Now this is an argument made by Michael Behe, but it's also an argument that the Dover Board of Education wanted to present to their students.", 'start': 2793.025, 'duration': 7.107}, {'end': 2806.858, 'text': 'They got a copy, they got 60 copies, two classroom sets, of this intelligent design textbook, Pandas and People.', 'start': 2800.752, 'duration': 6.106}], 'summary': "In the absence of any component, blood doesn't clot, leading to system failure. michael behe's argument about the necessity of all parts is presented as part of the intelligent design textbook, pandas and people.", 'duration': 31.09, 'max_score': 2775.768, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2775768.jpg'}, {'end': 2883.103, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2855.903, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2859.404, 'text': 'What happens if we knock out factor 12? Another PowerPoint experiment.', 'start': 2855.903, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 2859.904, 'text': 'There it goes.', 'start': 2859.444, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 2861.224, 'text': 'Factor 12 is gone.', 'start': 2860.264, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 2868.706, 'text': 'Will blood still clot? Well, not in us, but it turns out that whales and dolphins lack factor 12.', 'start': 2861.764, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 2873.247, 'text': "It's actually an evolutionary adaptation to deep-sea diving, and their blood clots just fine.", 'start': 2868.706, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 2877.64, 'text': 'That means that proposition that they all have to be present is wrong.', 'start': 2873.897, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 2880.362, 'text': "Now, taking one away, that's kind of chintzy.", 'start': 2878.02, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 2881.903, 'text': 'Take a few more than one away.', 'start': 2880.542, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 2883.103, 'text': 'OK, fair enough.', 'start': 2882.323, 'duration': 0.78}], 'summary': 'Knocking out factor 12 does not affect blood clotting in whales and dolphins, an evolutionary adaptation to deep-sea diving.', 'duration': 27.2, 'max_score': 2855.903, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2855903.jpg'}, {'end': 3013.561, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2977.523, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2981.828, 'text': "And that's what I mean by the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory.", 'start': 2977.523, 'duration': 4.305}, {'end': 2990.576, 'text': "Now, the one thing that I haven't shown you because here I'm just going to read you part of the judge's decision was a similar demonstration on the evolution of the immune system.", 'start': 2982.654, 'duration': 7.922}, {'end': 3001.078, 'text': "And Behe has written, and it's part of Impandus, that Darwinian explanations of the evolution of the immune system are hopeless and doomed to failure.", 'start': 2991.416, 'duration': 9.662}, {'end': 3003.139, 'text': 'Well, he wrote that about 10 years ago.', 'start': 3001.679, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 3013.561, 'text': 'And it turns out as I described in my testimony a flurry of research has shown exactly how the gene shuffling system in the immune system did evolve.', 'start': 3003.763, 'duration': 9.798}], 'summary': 'Intelligent design theory debunked, immune system evolution proved by recent research.', 'duration': 36.038, 'max_score': 2977.523, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2977523.jpg'}, {'end': 3409.831, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3384.471, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 3389.594, 'text': "The lesson plans adopted by the Ohio Board of Education, they don't mention intelligent design.", 'start': 3384.471, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 3395.679, 'text': 'And Stephen Meyer from the Discovery Institute, and this is a posting that Steve has on a website.', 'start': 3390.055, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 3404.405, 'text': 'Stephen Meyer even came in front of the Ohio Board of Education and he promoted not intelligent design but a teach the controversy promotion.', 'start': 3395.679, 'duration': 8.726}, {'end': 3406.087, 'text': 'Now, this sounds very good.', 'start': 3404.885, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 3407.088, 'text': 'It sounds very neutral.', 'start': 3406.127, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 3409.831, 'text': 'It seems to have nothing to do with creationism.', 'start': 3407.829, 'duration': 2.002}], 'summary': "Ohio board of education lesson plans do not mention intelligent design. stephen meyer promoted 'teach the controversy' approach.", 'duration': 25.36, 'max_score': 3384.471, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg3384471.jpg'}, {'end': 3630.608, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3582.26, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3591.106, 'text': 'And what happened in 1987 is a Supreme Court decision known as Edwards versus Aguilar that identified creationism as a religious doctrine.', 'start': 3582.26, 'duration': 8.846}, {'end': 3600.372, 'text': 'Literally within a month of that decision, the drafts changed from creation and creationism to intelligent design and designer.', 'start': 3591.666, 'duration': 8.706}, {'end': 3608.293, 'text': "Basically, there's no question that this was simply relabeling the old product with new packaging to make it palatable.", 'start': 3600.948, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 3611.975, 'text': 'And again, this is something else that came out remarkably so at the trial.', 'start': 3608.333, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 3618.5, 'text': 'And what the judge wrote is the plaintiffs meticulously presented you had to be there to see this several drafts,', 'start': 3612.576, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 3624.444, 'text': 'some of which were completed prior to and after the comport decisions, and three astonishing points emerge.', 'start': 3618.5, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 3630.608, 'text': 'One, definition of creation science is identical to the definition of intelligent design.', 'start': 3625.064, 'duration': 5.544}], 'summary': 'In 1987, after a supreme court decision, creationism was relabeled as intelligent design in drafts to make it more acceptable, as revealed in a trial.', 'duration': 48.348, 'max_score': 3582.26, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg3582260.jpg'}, {'end': 3677.102, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3650.085, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3654.549, 'text': "I'm going to move my lapel pin down by my microphone so you can hear the audio clip in just a second.", 'start': 3650.085, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 3662.192, 'text': 'The judge says, you know, the citizens of the Dover Board of Dover were very poorly served by members of the board who voted for the ID policy.', 'start': 3655.129, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 3665.414, 'text': 'Here are two of them up here, former members of the board, now voted out of office.', 'start': 3662.452, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 3668.775, 'text': "To me, it's remarkable to hear a federal judge talk this way.", 'start': 3666.174, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 3670.176, 'text': 'It is ironic.', 'start': 3669.396, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 3677.102, 'text': 'that several of these individuals, who so staunch and proudly touted their religious convictions in public,', 'start': 3670.757, 'duration': 6.345}], 'summary': 'Federal judge criticizes former board members for id policy, now voted out.', 'duration': 27.017, 'max_score': 3650.085, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg3650085.jpg'}, {'end': 3767.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3743.581, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 3751.006, 'text': 'And once again, I think, regardless of what you think of the Reverend Robertson, I think he was exactly right from his point of view,', 'start': 3743.581, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 3752.747, 'text': 'that this was a religious question.', 'start': 3751.006, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 3761.371, 'text': 'Now the question I think that all of you in Ohio have to consider is this critical analysis, lesson plan that you now have in Ohio?', 'start': 3753.147, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 3763.472, 'text': 'is this really different from the Dover approach?', 'start': 3761.371, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 3767.394, 'text': "And I've read opinion columns saying immediately oh no, it's got nothing to do with it.", 'start': 3763.932, 'duration': 3.462}], 'summary': 'Reverend robertson emphasized the religious aspect. the critical analysis lesson plan in ohio is questioned for its similarity to the dover approach.', 'duration': 23.813, 'max_score': 3743.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg3743581.jpg'}, {'end': 4030.949, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4001.518, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 4009.56, 'text': 'You might also ask yourself how many scientific organizations around the country have criticized these Ohio lesson plans?', 'start': 4001.518, 'duration': 8.042}, {'end': 4018.543, 'text': 'And a few of them are shown up here, including my own scientific society, the American Society for Cell Biology, a society that is resident to many,', 'start': 4009.64, 'duration': 8.903}, {'end': 4022.584, 'text': 'many Nobel laureates and one of the largest experimental societies in the United States.', 'start': 4018.543, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 4030.949, 'text': 'The source for all of this information, by the way, is a great organization called Americans United for Separation of Church and State.', 'start': 4023.226, 'duration': 7.723}], 'summary': 'Several scientific organizations, including the american society for cell biology, have criticized ohio lesson plans.', 'duration': 29.431, 'max_score': 4001.518, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4001518.jpg'}, {'end': 4160.893, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4128.843, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 4136.246, 'text': 'And the Intelligent Design Movement proposes to drive exactly that wedge, which is aimed to produce what they call atheistic science.', 'start': 4128.843, 'duration': 7.403}, {'end': 4143.889, 'text': 'If that happens, then something that all of us in this room have taken for granted during our lifetimes is going to change.', 'start': 4136.765, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 4150.35, 'text': "And that's something is that the United States is the worldwide leader in scientific research and technology.", 'start': 4144.469, 'duration': 5.881}, {'end': 4160.893, 'text': 'If we put that mantle down and I think this movement has the potential to cause that to actually happen a dozen nations around this world will eagerly pick it up,', 'start': 4150.85, 'duration': 10.043}], 'summary': 'Intelligent design movement aims to challenge us scientific leadership.', 'duration': 32.05, 'max_score': 4128.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4128843.jpg'}], 'start': 2102.151, 'title': 'Evidence for evolution and intelligent design', 'summary': 'Presents compelling evidence for evolution including genetic similarities between humans and primates, fusion of human chromosome number two, dismantling of irreducible complexity, refutation through examples like bacterial flagellum and blood clotting, and the impact of intelligent design in textbooks and schools.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2515.019, 'start': 2102.151, 'title': 'Evolution evidence & intelligent design', 'summary': 'Discusses the compelling evidence for evolution including the genetic similarities between humans and primates, the fusion of human chromosome number two, and the dismantling of the notion of irreducible complexity in biochemical structures by intelligent design advocates.', 'duration': 412.868, 'highlights': ['The fusion of human chromosome number two is a compelling evidence for evolution, as it confirms the prediction of evolutionary common ancestry by showing the fusion of two primate chromosomes, supported by the precise fusion site and inactivated centromere corresponding to the chimpanzee chromosome 13. Fusion of human chromosome number two, precise fusion site at base number 114,455,823 to 114,455,838, inactivated centromere corresponding to chimp chromosome 13.', 'The genetic similarities between humans and primates, despite having two fewer chromosomes, provide strong evidence for common ancestry, as it challenges the notion of contradictory genetic information and supports the concept of shared genetic history. Genetic similarities between humans and primates, humans having two fewer chromosomes, challenging contradictory genetic information and supporting shared genetic history.', "The dismantling of the notion of irreducible complexity in biochemical structures, specifically the bacterial flagellum, by demonstrating the ability of natural selection to gradually modify precursor systems, challenges the claims of intelligent design advocates. Dismantling the notion of irreducible complexity in biochemical structures, demonstration of natural selection's ability to modify precursor systems."]}, {'end': 2814.225, 'start': 2521.101, 'title': 'Irreducible complexity and evolution', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of irreducible complexity and its refutation through examples like the bacterial flagellum and blood clotting, demonstrating that the individual parts of complex systems have functions of their own, contradicting the intelligent design argument.', 'duration': 293.124, 'highlights': ["The bacterial flagellum parts have functions of their own, contradicting irreducible complexity. When 40 out of 50 parts of the bacterial flagellum are removed, the remaining 10 parts form the fully functional type 3 secretory system, demonstrating the parts' individual functionality.", 'The components of the bacterial flagellum are homologous to proteins with other functions, aligning with evolutionary theory. A careful analysis of the bacterial flagellum reveals that almost every protein is strongly homologous to proteins with other functions, supporting evolutionary theory rather than intelligent design predictions.', 'The argument of irreducible complexity in blood clotting is refuted by the claim that the system fails in the absence of any component. The argument that all components must be present for proper function in blood clotting is refuted by the fact that the system fails in the absence of any component, contradicting the concept of irreducible complexity.']}, {'end': 3431.779, 'start': 2815.007, 'title': 'Blood clotting and intelligent design trial', 'summary': 'Discusses the blood clotting system and its evolution, highlighting experimental evidence of blood clotting in whales and puffer fish, the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory, and the religious implications of teaching intelligent design in science classrooms.', 'duration': 616.772, 'highlights': ['The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory is demonstrated through experimental evidence of blood clotting in whales and puffer fish, contradictory to the claim that all components must be present for the system to function.', 'Experimental evidence of blood clotting in whales and puffer fish contradicts the claim that all components must be present for the system to function, leading to the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory.', 'The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory is supported by the evolutionary prediction of specific relationships between proteins in the blood clotting system, which matches the relationships found in the genomes of various organisms.', 'The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory is supported by the evolutionary prediction of specific relationships between proteins in the blood clotting system, which matches the relationships found in the genomes of various organisms.', 'The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory is supported by the evolutionary prediction of specific relationships between proteins in the blood clotting system, which matches the relationships found in the genomes of various organisms.']}, {'end': 3778.799, 'start': 3432.14, 'title': 'Intelligent design in textbooks', 'summary': 'Reveals the deliberate relabeling of creationism to intelligent design in textbooks, following a supreme court decision in 1987, with substantial evidence presented at the dover trial.', 'duration': 346.659, 'highlights': ['The deliberate relabeling of creationism to intelligent design in textbooks was revealed at the Dover trial, following a Supreme Court decision in 1987. The mention of creation dropped to almost zero, and the mention of intelligent design moved up to take its place in the textbooks after the 1987 Supreme Court decision.', 'Evidence presented at the Dover trial showed that the definition of creation science is identical to the definition of intelligent design, with deliberate and systematic replacement of words, indicating the relabeling of the old product with new packaging. Cognates of the word creation appeared about 150 times, deliberately and systematically replaced with ID, right after the Supreme Court identified creationism as a religious doctrine.', "The judge's remarks at the Dover trial highlighted the poor service of the Dover Board members who voted for the ID policy, emphasizing the religious nature of the issue. The judge criticized the members for lying to cover their tracks and disguise the real purpose behind the ID policy, stressing the religious convictions and the real purpose behind the ID policy.", 'The chapter ends with a call for reflection on the critical analysis lesson plan in Ohio, questioning its similarity to the Dover approach, as the information from the Dover trial is all available. The author questions the difference between the Dover approach and the critical analysis lesson plan in Ohio, highlighting that the information from the Dover trial is all available for consideration.']}, {'end': 4231.265, 'start': 3779.469, 'title': 'Intelligent design in ohio schools', 'summary': "Discusses the discovery institute's attempt to introduce intelligent design into ohio schools, despite disclaimers, and the use of creationist materials in lesson plans, challenging the scientific community and the potential impact on america's scientific leadership.", 'duration': 451.796, 'highlights': ['The Discovery Institute seeks to introduce intelligent design into Ohio schools despite disclaimers, using creationist materials in lesson plans. The Discovery Institute, led by Stephen Meyer, aims to incorporate intelligent design into Ohio schools through lesson plans that use materials from creationist books, despite disclaimers that they do not want to teach intelligent design in public schools.', 'The scientific community criticizes the Ohio lesson plans, with organizations such as the American Society for Cell Biology opposing them. Multiple scientific organizations, including the American Society for Cell Biology, have criticized the Ohio lesson plans, emphasizing the opposition to the inclusion of creationist materials and the lack of scientific rigor in the proposed curriculum.', "The potential impact of allowing intelligent design in schools on America's scientific leadership is emphasized, warning of the global repercussions of undermining scientific research and technology. The chapter underscores the potential consequences of allowing intelligent design in schools, highlighting the risk of eroding America's position as a global leader in scientific research and technology, with other nations poised to capitalize on any decline in American scientific leadership."]}], 'duration': 2129.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg2102151.jpg', 'highlights': ['The fusion of human chromosome number two is a compelling evidence for evolution, supported by precise fusion site and inactivated centromere corresponding to the chimpanzee chromosome 13.', 'The genetic similarities between humans and primates, challenging contradictory genetic information and supporting shared genetic history, provide strong evidence for common ancestry.', 'The dismantling of the notion of irreducible complexity in biochemical structures, specifically the bacterial flagellum, challenges the claims of intelligent design advocates.', "When 40 out of 50 parts of the bacterial flagellum are removed, the remaining 10 parts form the fully functional type 3 secretory system, demonstrating the parts' individual functionality.", 'The components of the bacterial flagellum are homologous to proteins with other functions, aligning with evolutionary theory.', 'The argument of irreducible complexity in blood clotting is refuted by the claim that the system fails in the absence of any component.', 'Experimental evidence of blood clotting in whales and puffer fish contradicts the claim that all components must be present for the system to function, leading to the collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory.', 'The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory is supported by the evolutionary prediction of specific relationships between proteins in the blood clotting system, which matches the relationships found in the genomes of various organisms.', 'The deliberate relabeling of creationism to intelligent design in textbooks was revealed at the Dover trial, following a Supreme Court decision in 1987.', 'Evidence presented at the Dover trial showed that the definition of creation science is identical to the definition of intelligent design, with deliberate and systematic replacement of words, indicating the relabeling of the old product with new packaging.', "The judge's remarks at the Dover trial highlighted the poor service of the Dover Board members who voted for the ID policy, emphasizing the religious nature of the issue.", 'The chapter ends with a call for reflection on the critical analysis lesson plan in Ohio, questioning its similarity to the Dover approach, as the information from the Dover trial is all available.', 'The Discovery Institute, led by Stephen Meyer, aims to incorporate intelligent design into Ohio schools through lesson plans that use materials from creationist books, despite disclaimers that they do not want to teach intelligent design in public schools.', 'Multiple scientific organizations, including the American Society for Cell Biology, have criticized the Ohio lesson plans, emphasizing the opposition to the inclusion of creationist materials and the lack of scientific rigor in the proposed curriculum.', "The chapter underscores the potential consequences of allowing intelligent design in schools, highlighting the risk of eroding America's position as a global leader in scientific research and technology."]}, {'end': 5007.878, 'segs': [{'end': 4355.422, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4319.566, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4323.288, 'text': 'But nonetheless, you decided to take a shot at evolution.', 'start': 4319.566, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 4329.387, 'text': "Then he said, why evolution? It's almost an exact quote that I almost haven't memorized.", 'start': 4323.328, 'duration': 6.059}, {'end': 4332.208, 'text': 'And Senator Santorum says, because it really matters.', 'start': 4329.467, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 4333.509, 'text': "It's where we come from.", 'start': 4332.609, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 4342.594, 'text': "And he said, if we're just an accident, if we're a mistake of nature, then that puts a different moral demand on us.", 'start': 4334.13, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 4355.422, 'text': "And he thought for a second and said in fact it doesn't put a moral demand on us than if we are the intentional creation of a supreme being who does make moral demands.", 'start': 4343.255, 'duration': 12.167}], 'summary': "Santorum supports evolution's moral implications from a religious standpoint.", 'duration': 35.856, 'max_score': 4319.566, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4319566.jpg'}, {'end': 4720.048, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4697.597, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4705.4, 'text': 'And a few of them, I asked, why are you asking me this? And they connected me with the writings that go under the pen name of Harun Yaha.', 'start': 4697.597, 'duration': 7.803}, {'end': 4711.458, 'text': 'who is an Islamic writer based in Turkey who has written a whole series of anti-evolution books.', 'start': 4706.112, 'duration': 5.346}, {'end': 4720.048, 'text': 'And one of the students was actually kind enough to buy me an English translation of the book and mail it to me from Turkey so that I could see what all this was about.', 'start': 4712.039, 'duration': 8.009}], 'summary': 'Students connected me with islamic writer harun yaha, who has written anti-evolution books.', 'duration': 22.451, 'max_score': 4697.597, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4697597.jpg'}, {'end': 4817.005, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4787.388, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4792.431, 'text': 'The Islamic world was the leader in mathematics and astronomy and in many other branches of science.', 'start': 4787.388, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 4794.112, 'text': 'Something happened.', 'start': 4793.111, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 4796.339, 'text': 'to the Islamic world,', 'start': 4794.818, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 4803.941, 'text': 'to the point where the amount of genuinely important science done in the Islamic world in the 20th century unfortunately is very close to zero.', 'start': 4796.339, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 4811.163, 'text': 'And that something is exactly the ascendancy of the kind of theocratic talk that you are talking about.', 'start': 4804.421, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 4817.005, 'text': 'And if this were to happen in the leading nation in the West, we could see the same sort of retreat backwards.', 'start': 4811.623, 'duration': 5.382}], 'summary': 'Islamic world led in science, but theocratic talk led to decline in 20th century.', 'duration': 29.617, 'max_score': 4787.388, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4787388.jpg'}, {'end': 4969.437, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4945.55, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4952.552, 'text': 'Well, my short answer to that is that there has always been an active anti-evolution movement in the United States.', 'start': 4945.55, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 4959.574, 'text': 'It has ebbed and flowed in terms of the degree to which it has caught the public imagination.', 'start': 4953.873, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 4969.437, 'text': 'But if you look at opinion polls in which you ask people whether they accept the evolutionary theory of human origins and you go back in these polls to the 40s and 50s,', 'start': 4959.595, 'duration': 9.842}], 'summary': 'Active anti-evolution movement in the us has varied in public impact over time.', 'duration': 23.887, 'max_score': 4945.55, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4945550.jpg'}], 'start': 4235.825, 'title': "Evolution's societal impact", 'summary': 'Explores the moral implications and global impact of opposition to evolution, emphasizing the societal and educational challenges, and the need for better public understanding of scientific discoveries.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4412.465, 'start': 4235.825, 'title': "Evolution's moral implications", 'summary': "Discusses the opposition to evolution by some scientists and politicians, emphasizing senator santorum's view that accepting evolution could lead to a moral vacuum, impacting societal values and individual behavior.", 'duration': 176.64, 'highlights': ["Senator Santorum's view that if evolution is true, it would invalidate any sense of morality, impacting societal values and individual behavior, as it would imply that humans are just an accident of nature, rather than the intentional creation of a supreme being.", 'The opposition to evolution stems from the belief that it is the foundation of a dangerous scientific materialism, as almost all opponents regard it as such.', 'The chapter questions the motivations of scientists like Dr. Behe and Jonathan Wells, who oppose evolution, suggesting that their stance may be rooted in the belief that evolutionary materialism is a morally destructive doctrine.', 'The chapter highlights the shock and embarrassment experienced by Dr. Miller and others upon discovering that scientists like Dr. Behe support the opposition to evolution, indicating the surprising nature of their stance.']}, {'end': 4681.397, 'start': 4412.725, 'title': 'Challenges in popularizing science', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges faced in popularizing science, highlighting the lack of public awareness on scientific discoveries, the self-absorption of scientists, and the need for better messaging to the public. the impact of the scientific community's attitude towards popularizers and the broader implications of theocratic science are also addressed.", 'duration': 268.672, 'highlights': ['The scientific community struggles to effectively communicate its message to the public, as evidenced by the lack of awareness about significant discoveries such as the fusion of human chromosome number two, emphasizing the need for better popularization efforts (e.g., news coverage, public discourse) (Relevance: High).', 'Scientists are often self-absorbed, prioritizing their research and the allure of their work, which can lead to a disconnection from the public and a reluctance to engage in the political process (Relevance: Medium).', "The scientific community's tendency to look down on popularizers like Carl Sagan and Stephen Jay Gould hinders the effective dissemination of scientific knowledge to the public, highlighting the need for a shift in attitude and recognition of the value of science communicators (Relevance: Medium).", 'The broader implications of theocratic science are discussed, including its impact on moral and ethical issues, political structures, and democracy, illustrating the multifaceted nature of the challenges faced in popularizing science (Relevance: Low).']}, {'end': 5007.878, 'start': 4681.978, 'title': 'Evolution: a global perspective', 'summary': 'Discusses the global impact of anti-evolution movements, citing examples from islamic countries and historical trends in the united states, and highlights the need to address the intersection of religion and science in education, as well as the surprising lack of significant scientific contributions from the islamic world in the 20th century.', 'duration': 325.9, 'highlights': ['The Islamic world was the leader in mathematics and astronomy and in many other branches of science, but the amount of genuinely important science done in the Islamic world in the 20th century is very close to zero, attributed to the ascendancy of theocratic talk. The decline of significant scientific contributions from the Islamic world in the 20th century is highlighted, indicating a shift in the influence of theocratic ideologies on scientific progress.', 'The active anti-evolution movement in the United States has ebbed and flowed throughout history, with only about 35 to 45 percent of the people in the country accepting evolution, as indicated by opinion polls dating back to the 40s and 50s. The historical prevalence of the anti-evolution movement in the United States is emphasized, showcasing the long-standing challenge of public acceptance of evolutionary theory.', "The chapter discusses the impact of anti-evolution movements globally, citing examples from Islamic countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, and Iran, where students reached out with questions about evolution due to the influence of anti-evolution writings by Harun Yaha, an Islamic writer based in Turkey. The global impact of anti-evolution movements is highlighted, emphasizing the influence of Harun Yaha's writings on students in Islamic countries and their engagement with evolutionary concepts."]}], 'duration': 772.053, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg4235825.jpg', 'highlights': ['The decline of significant scientific contributions from the Islamic world in the 20th century is highlighted, indicating a shift in the influence of theocratic ideologies on scientific progress.', 'The historical prevalence of the anti-evolution movement in the United States is emphasized, showcasing the long-standing challenge of public acceptance of evolutionary theory.', "The global impact of anti-evolution movements is highlighted, emphasizing the influence of Harun Yaha's writings on students in Islamic countries and their engagement with evolutionary concepts.", "Senator Santorum's view that if evolution is true, it would invalidate any sense of morality, impacting societal values and individual behavior, as it would imply that humans are just an accident of nature, rather than the intentional creation of a supreme being."]}, {'end': 5659.593, 'segs': [{'end': 5071.594, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5031.987, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5043.68, 'text': 'I think one is that the political climate in the United States has made it much easier for people to take religious ideas into the mainstream and to run with them to argue essentially that you know,', 'start': 5031.987, 'duration': 11.693}, {'end': 5048.183, 'text': 'if science has an anti-religious bias, we have to correct it with a pro-religious bias.', 'start': 5043.68, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 5058.451, 'text': 'And then the second thing is, I think that the Edwards versus Aguilar decision in 1987 was a shockwave for the creationists,', 'start': 5048.824, 'duration': 9.627}, {'end': 5062.815, 'text': 'and you saw that dramatic change in terms of the adoption of this new idea.', 'start': 5058.451, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 5071.594, 'text': "that the new label apply, and that's all it is, it's a label, apply to the creation science movement, intelligent design, brilliant PR.", 'start': 5063.445, 'duration': 8.149}], 'summary': 'Us political climate fuels religious ideas into mainstream, leading to adoption of intelligent design.', 'duration': 39.607, 'max_score': 5031.987, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5031987.jpg'}, {'end': 5134.095, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5111.821, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5119.606, 'text': "I think that that's one thing that has really helped strengthen this movement is the ambiguity of the phrase intelligent design.", 'start': 5111.821, 'duration': 7.785}, {'end': 5125.57, 'text': "That on one hand, it can mean we believe that there's a God created the universe, and a lot of people believe that.", 'start': 5119.926, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 5134.095, 'text': 'And the other meaning, however, is the idea that this concept of an intelligent creator ought to be made part of science,', 'start': 5126.17, 'duration': 7.925}], 'summary': 'The ambiguity of intelligent design has strengthened the movement, linking it to belief in god and the desire for its inclusion in science.', 'duration': 22.274, 'max_score': 5111.821, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5111821.jpg'}, {'end': 5309.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5283.803, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5288.767, 'text': 'surveying the scientific profession in the United States in 1917 or 1918.', 'start': 5283.803, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 5291.389, 'text': 'And what it showed is that in 1917 or 1918,', 'start': 5288.767, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 5299.837, 'text': 'about 40% of the scientific profession professed some sort of a belief in what could be construed to be a personal god.', 'start': 5291.389, 'duration': 8.448}, {'end': 5302.579, 'text': 'And that percentage was about the same today.', 'start': 5300.317, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 5307.56, 'text': 'So there is this consistency of belief in the scientific community.', 'start': 5303.377, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 5309.242, 'text': "It's less than 50 percent.", 'start': 5307.981, 'duration': 1.261}], 'summary': 'About 40% of us scientists believed in a personal god in 1917-1918, and this belief has remained consistent, at less than 50% today.', 'duration': 25.439, 'max_score': 5283.803, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5283803.jpg'}, {'end': 5524.134, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5497.321, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5503.743, 'text': 'to pretend that science and scientific rationalism is an idea that belongs on one side of the political spectrum.', 'start': 5497.321, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 5508.665, 'text': "I think that's intellectually wrong, and I think it's enormously destructive to science.", 'start': 5504.143, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 5511.205, 'text': 'And my own determination.', 'start': 5509.085, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 5517.567, 'text': "I know what I'll do when I go in the voting booth, but my own determination, in the public sense, is to fight for scientific rationalism,", 'start': 5511.205, 'duration': 6.362}, {'end': 5519.468, 'text': "and that's what I think this battle is really all about.", 'start': 5517.567, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 5524.134, 'text': "Anybody over here, so Patricia doesn't have to run around too much?", 'start': 5520.61, 'duration': 3.524}], 'summary': "Science and rationalism belong to all, it's critical for science. fight for scientific rationalism in the public sphere.", 'duration': 26.813, 'max_score': 5497.321, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5497321.jpg'}, {'end': 5598.629, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5569.664, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5575.408, 'text': 'I hope we never abandon humor as a tool to sort of lubricate our discussions of difficult issues.', 'start': 5569.664, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 5582.593, 'text': "And I think one of the particular reasons why I have recommended Judge Jones's decision in other words,", 'start': 5575.928, 'duration': 6.665}, {'end': 5585.494, 'text': 'go and read it is because parts of it are really funny.', 'start': 5582.593, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5587.776, 'text': "And I think that's a saving grace.", 'start': 5586.415, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 5596.808, 'text': "Who's that in front here? The physicist in the front row.", 'start': 5588.176, 'duration': 8.632}, {'end': 5598.249, 'text': 'It has been quiet.', 'start': 5597.248, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 5598.629, 'text': "That's good.", 'start': 5598.289, 'duration': 0.34}], 'summary': "Humor can lubricate discussions, judge jones's decision is recommended for its funny parts.", 'duration': 28.965, 'max_score': 5569.664, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5569664.jpg'}], 'start': 5008.499, 'title': 'Anti-evolution movement and its intersection with science, religion, and society', 'summary': "Explores the history of the anti-evolution movement, the impact of political climate, and the shift in creationist tactics. it also delves into the intersection of science, religion, and society, addressing politicization of science, scientists' religious beliefs, and the use of satire in science debates, emphasizing the importance of humor in discussing difficult issues.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5134.095, 'start': 5008.499, 'title': 'History of anti-evolution movement', 'summary': 'Discusses the historical presence of anti-evolution movements, the impact of political climate, and the shift in creationist tactics post the edwards vs. aguilar decision in 1987, highlighting the use of intelligent design as a strategic rebranding.', 'duration': 125.596, 'highlights': ["The political climate in the United States has made it easier for religious ideas to enter the mainstream and argue for a pro-religious bias in response to science's perceived anti-religious bias.", "The Edwards vs. Aguilar decision in 1987 triggered a dramatic change in the adoption of the label 'intelligent design' within the creation science movement, amplifying its appeal through brilliant public relations and strategic rebranding.", "The ambiguity of the phrase 'intelligent design' has strengthened the movement, appealing to both people of faith who believe in a guiding force and those who support the idea of an intelligent creator being part of science."]}, {'end': 5659.593, 'start': 5134.095, 'title': 'Science, religion, and society', 'summary': "Discusses the intersection of science, religion, and society, addressing the perception of scientists' religious beliefs, the politicization of science, and the use of satire in science debates. it highlights the consistency of belief in the scientific community, the dangers of politicizing science, and the importance of humor in discussing difficult issues.", 'duration': 525.498, 'highlights': ['The consistency of belief in the scientific community, with about 40% professing some sort of belief in a personal god, remains similar to historical percentages, indicating a skepticism inherent in scientists. A survey of the scientific profession in the United States in 1917 or 1918 showed that about 40% professed some sort of belief in a personal god, and this percentage remains about the same today. This highlights the skepticism inherent in scientists and the consistency of belief in the scientific community.', 'The dangers of politicizing science are emphasized, as it is seen as intellectually wrong and destructive to science, with the author expressing a determination to fight for scientific rationalism. The author expresses concern about the politicization of science, emphasizing that it is intellectually wrong and destructive to the scientific community. They express a determination to fight for scientific rationalism, highlighting the importance of keeping science apolitical.', 'The importance of humor and satire as tools to facilitate discussions of difficult issues is emphasized, with the author advocating for the use of humor in addressing science and religion debates. The author advocates for the use of humor and satire as tools to facilitate discussions of difficult issues, highlighting the importance of humor in addressing science and religion debates. They express a fondness for satire and humor as essential in navigating complex topics.']}], 'duration': 651.094, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5008499.jpg', 'highlights': ["The Edwards vs. Aguilar decision in 1987 triggered a dramatic change in the adoption of the label 'intelligent design' within the creation science movement, amplifying its appeal through brilliant public relations and strategic rebranding.", "The ambiguity of the phrase 'intelligent design' has strengthened the movement, appealing to both people of faith who believe in a guiding force and those who support the idea of an intelligent creator being part of science.", "The political climate in the United States has made it easier for religious ideas to enter the mainstream and argue for a pro-religious bias in response to science's perceived anti-religious bias.", 'The dangers of politicizing science are emphasized, as it is seen as intellectually wrong and destructive to science, with the author expressing a determination to fight for scientific rationalism.', 'The importance of humor and satire as tools to facilitate discussions of difficult issues is emphasized, with the author advocating for the use of humor in addressing science and religion debates.', 'The consistency of belief in the scientific community, with about 40% professing some sort of belief in a personal god, remains similar to historical percentages, indicating a skepticism inherent in scientists.']}, {'end': 7025.023, 'segs': [{'end': 5685.034, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5660.393, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5671.643, 'text': 'And I think unless scientists are sensitized a little bit to the fact that science does present at some level to people a threat or perceived threat to their religious beliefs,', 'start': 5660.393, 'duration': 11.25}, {'end': 5678.549, 'text': 'then we, if we overlook that, then we tend to be blase and sometimes in fact counterproductive.', 'start': 5671.643, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 5685.034, 'text': "An example, the best example I can think of is a debate in John Calvert, who's the head of the ID network.", 'start': 5678.629, 'duration': 6.405}], 'summary': 'Scientists need to consider the threat science poses to religious beliefs to avoid being counterproductive.', 'duration': 24.641, 'max_score': 5660.393, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5660393.jpg'}, {'end': 6351.33, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6321.592, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6324.956, 'text': 'But that, it was actually a pretty easy cross-examination from my point of view.', 'start': 6321.592, 'duration': 3.364}, {'end': 6332.003, 'text': 'I was very heartened by the Dover decision by Judge Jones.', 'start': 6328.241, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 6334.604, 'text': 'It was sort of one of those positive moments of the year.', 'start': 6332.063, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 6340.446, 'text': "But I have to think that the creationist movement is going to come up with something else, that there's going to be..", 'start': 6335.604, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 6342.026, 'text': 'They already have.', 'start': 6340.446, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 6345.268, 'text': 'Or a sudden emergency, or is there going to be something..', 'start': 6342.166, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 6351.33, 'text': 'What do you think is the next assault going to be from creationists? Because I think intelligent design is dead.', 'start': 6345.268, 'duration': 6.062}], 'summary': 'Creationist movement may come up with new strategies after intelligent design, according to the speaker.', 'duration': 29.738, 'max_score': 6321.592, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg6321592.jpg'}, {'end': 6453.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6429.988, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6437.112, 'text': "It's an attempt to convince students to uncritically swallow wholesale outright lies about the content of science.", 'start': 6429.988, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 6443.197, 'text': "And you don't have to take my word for it, and indeed the board didn't two years ago, but we now have the records.", 'start': 6437.132, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 6450.002, 'text': 'And their own science experts at the Department of Education Ohio told them we have the sheets where they said it.', 'start': 6443.677, 'duration': 6.325}, {'end': 6452.324, 'text': 'they said the underlined sentence is a lie.', 'start': 6450.002, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 6453.445, 'text': 'This is wrong.', 'start': 6452.744, 'duration': 0.701}], 'summary': 'Attempt to persuade students with lies about science content, as confirmed by ohio department of education.', 'duration': 23.457, 'max_score': 6429.988, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg6429988.jpg'}, {'end': 6718.767, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6691.345, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6699.713, 'text': 'My other favorite example is a seven-step pathway with seven different enzymes that breaks down 2,4-dinitrotoluene.', 'start': 6691.345, 'duration': 8.368}, {'end': 6702.315, 'text': 'This is one of the components of TNT.', 'start': 6700.373, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 6703.216, 'text': "It's an explosive.", 'start': 6702.375, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 6706.999, 'text': 'This too was first synthesized in the 1930s,', 'start': 6703.997, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 6718.767, 'text': 'and two years ago an Air Force laboratory in Florida was able to show that there were soil bacteria in the grounds of Air Force bases that had soil contaminated with this explosive residue.', 'start': 6706.999, 'duration': 11.768}], 'summary': 'Soil bacteria at air force bases break down 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a component of tnt, using a seven-step pathway with seven enzymes.', 'duration': 27.422, 'max_score': 6691.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg6691345.jpg'}, {'end': 6822.567, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6801.471, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6811.16, 'text': 'My guess would be The parents in Ohio whose students were being made to use that lesson plan or be testing on it would have similar standing if they wish to file a lawsuit.', 'start': 6801.471, 'duration': 9.689}, {'end': 6816.302, 'text': 'Not all of the parents in Dover had kids that were in high school.', 'start': 6812.419, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 6820.306, 'text': 'Some of them had little kids, so you only have to intend to send your kids to the school.', 'start': 6816.342, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 6820.646, 'text': "That's right.", 'start': 6820.326, 'duration': 0.32}, {'end': 6822.567, 'text': 'But the issues of standing and things like that.', 'start': 6820.666, 'duration': 1.901}], 'summary': 'Parents in ohio may have standing to file lawsuit over lesson plan; not all dover parents had high school kids.', 'duration': 21.096, 'max_score': 6801.471, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg6801471.jpg'}], 'start': 5660.393, 'title': 'Science, religion, and evolution', 'summary': "Emphasizes the impact of misleading scientific statements on public perception of science, challenges in ohio's science education, the future of evolution education, and the evolution of complex systems, including specific examples such as the nylonase enzyme and 2,4-dinitrotoluene breakdown pathway.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5709.332, 'start': 5660.393, 'title': 'Science and religious beliefs', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of scientists being mindful of the potential threat science may pose to religious beliefs, exemplified by the impact of misleading scientific statements on public perception of science.', 'duration': 48.939, 'highlights': ['Scientists should be aware of the potential threat science poses to religious beliefs to avoid being counterproductive, as exemplified by the impact of misleading scientific statements on public perception of science.', 'Misleading scientific statements, such as claiming there is no evidence for design and purpose to the universe, can encourage fear of science and hinder the integration of scientific concepts with religious beliefs.', 'The debate involving John Calvert and the head of the ID network underscores the need for scientists to be mindful of the impact of their statements on public perception of science.']}, {'end': 6247.187, 'start': 5709.452, 'title': 'Challenges in ohio science education', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges faced in ohio's science education, including the manipulation of the board of education by creationist members, the illegal benchmark in the 10th-grade curriculum, and the upcoming board meeting in columbus to address the issue.", 'duration': 537.735, 'highlights': ["The manipulation of the Board of Education by creationist members and the governor's involvement, as revealed by the Hicks emails, has led to illegal benchmarks in the curriculum, impacting science education in Ohio.", 'The upcoming board meeting in Columbus at Ohio School for the Deaf provides a window of opportunity for public comment on the issue, challenging the legality of the closed session and emphasizing the importance of citizen participation.', 'The illegal benchmark in the 10th-grade curriculum and the alteration of the definition of science in Ohio standards have been highlighted as clearly illegal, reflecting the ongoing challenges in science education in Ohio.', "The embarrassing actions of the Board of Education in Dover, Pennsylvania, and the impact on the electorate's sentiment towards science education are discussed, shedding light on the potential impact of similar situations in Kansas or Ohio.", "The close margin of the Dover elections, with the new board winning by 53% to 47%, indicates the impact of the electorate's sentiment towards science education, emphasizing the need for public engagement in such matters."]}, {'end': 6552.864, 'start': 6247.227, 'title': 'Challenges of cross-examination and future of evolution education', 'summary': 'Discusses the unexpected ease of cross-examination in a trial, the shift towards teaching critical analysis of evolution, and the persistence of the anti-evolution movement despite the dover decision.', 'duration': 305.637, 'highlights': ["The unexpected ease of cross-examination during the trial, with no challenges on scientific issues, was a surprising development, indicating a shift in the opposition's tactics.", 'The next focus for creationists is anticipated to be the push for teaching critical analysis of evolution rather than intelligent design, with several states already advocating for it.', 'The need to address the theological presuppositions underlying the attacks on evolution by churches and clergy to effectively combat the anti-evolution movement is emphasized.', "The concern over the attempt to convince students to uncritically accept lies about science in the guise of critical analysis, as revealed by the records and science experts' statements.", 'The discussion of the false dichotomy between religious belief and science, the fear of evolution conflicting with the Bible, and the need for better understanding of the Bible and religious belief evolution.', "The suggestion of seeking a better understanding of the Bible and religious belief evolution as a response to the social and public issues surrounding the fear of evolution, highlighting the complexity of consensus on the Bible's meaning within Christendom."]}, {'end': 6729.575, 'start': 6552.864, 'title': 'Evolution of complex systems', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of complex systems, citing examples such as the evolution of the nylonase enzyme in bacteria in less than 65 years and the evolution of a seven-step pathway to break down 2,4-dinitrotoluene since the 1930s.', 'duration': 176.711, 'highlights': ['The evolution of the nylonase enzyme in bacteria in less than 65 years from junk DNA, providing a selective advantage for the bacteria.', 'The evolution of a seven-step pathway in soil bacteria to break down 2,4-dinitrotoluene, an explosive residue, since the 1930s.', 'The uncertainty of the time taken for the blood clotting system or the bacterial flagellum to evolve, but the ability to observe the evolution of entirely new genes.']}, {'end': 7025.023, 'start': 6730.075, 'title': 'Evolution lawsuit in ohio', 'summary': 'Discusses the possibility of a lawsuit in ohio challenging the teaching of evolution in schools, highlighting the legal standing required, parallels with the dover case, and the likelihood of finding a judge like jones in the federal courts in ohio.', 'duration': 294.948, 'highlights': ['The legal standing required for a lawsuit against the teaching of evolution in Ohio, similar to the Dover case, includes having children in the affected classroom, intending to send children to the school, and the issues of standing and intention.', 'The parallels with the Dover case include the initial argument for a 50-50 creationism-evolution approach, a failed motion for a two-model approach in Ohio, a compromise leading to the standard calling for critical analysis, and the consequent lesson plan derived from creationist literature.', 'The discussion also addresses the likelihood of finding a Judge like Jones in the federal courts in Ohio, expressing hope in the intelligence, integrity, and dedication of the federal judiciary.', 'The chapter also highlights the need for individuals interested in legal action to contact the organizing group, emphasizing the possibility of being put in touch with knowledgeable individuals.', 'The chapter ends with a focus on the potential outcome of a case on this issue in the federal courts in Ohio, expressing a desire for the reinforcement of a positive impression of the federal judiciary.']}], 'duration': 1364.63, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/JVRsWAjvQSg/pics/JVRsWAjvQSg5660393.jpg', 'highlights': ['Misleading scientific statements impact public perception of science and religious beliefs.', "Manipulation of the Board of Education by creationist members led to illegal benchmarks in Ohio's curriculum.", "The unexpected ease of cross-examination during the trial indicates a shift in the opposition's tactics.", 'The evolution of the nylonase enzyme and the 2,4-dinitrotoluene breakdown pathway exemplify the evolution of complex systems.', 'Legal standing required for a lawsuit against teaching evolution in Ohio parallels the Dover case.']}], 'highlights': ["Ken Miller's work on biological membranes at Brown University.", "Miller's successful book on evolution and religion in its 23rd printing.", 'The impact of the debate on evolution at the governmental level in Kansas.', 'Opponents of evolution depicting it as shaky science and the foundation of negative aspects in society.', 'The legal action in Georgia against warning stickers promoting a religious point of view on science textbooks.', 'Federal judge John Jones ruling intelligent design as unconstitutional for classroom teaching.', 'The Kansas Board of Education rewriting the definition of science to open it up to non-naturalistic explanations.', 'The discovery of multiple intermediate forms in the fossil record debunking the argument against the existence of intermediates in the evolution of marine mammals.', 'The fusion of human chromosome number two as compelling evidence for evolution.', 'The dismantling of the notion of irreducible complexity in biochemical structures, specifically the bacterial flagellum.', 'The collapse of intelligent design as a scientific theory supported by experimental evidence of blood clotting in whales and puffer fish.', 'The deliberate relabeling of creationism to intelligent design in textbooks revealed at the Dover trial.', "The potential consequences of allowing intelligent design in schools, highlighting the risk of eroding America's position as a global leader in scientific research and technology.", 'The historical prevalence of the anti-evolution movement in the United States.', "The global impact of anti-evolution movements, emphasizing the influence of Harun Yaha's writings on students in Islamic countries.", "The ambiguity of the phrase 'intelligent design' strengthening the movement, appealing to both people of faith and those who support the idea of an intelligent creator being part of science.", 'The dangers of politicizing science, emphasizing the importance of fighting for scientific rationalism.', 'The importance of humor and satire as tools to facilitate discussions of difficult issues in science and religion debates.', 'The evolution of the nylonase enzyme and the 2,4-dinitrotoluene breakdown pathway exemplifying the evolution of complex systems.']}