title
Matthew Johnson: Psychedelics | Lex Fridman Podcast #145

description
Matthew W. Johnson is a professor and psychedelics researcher at Johns Hopkins. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Brave: https://brave.com/lex - Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Matt's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Drug_Researcher Matt's Website: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800020/matthew-johnson Study Website: https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:02 - Introduction to psychedelics 18:04 - Psychedelics expand the mind 21:16 - The priors we bring to the psychedelic experience 25:11 - Elon Musk and first principles thinking 35:41 - DMT 47:03 - Joe Rogan and DMT 53:11 - The nature of drug addiction 1:07:00 - The economics of drug pricing 1:13:15 - Should we legalize all drugs? 1:25:18 - What is the most dangerous drug? 1:27:52 - Does drug prohibition work? 1:31:46 - Cocaine and sex 1:38:46 - Risky sexual decisions 1:49:43 - Psilocybin helping people quit smoking 1:56:01 - Young Jamie 2:18:09 - Participating in a study 2:25:28 - Psychedelics and the human mind 2:32:51 - The future of psychedelics 2:35:32 - Neuralink 2:45:05 - Consciousness 2:57:46 - Panpsychism 3:07:51 - Aliens and DMT 3:17:55 - Mortality 3:27:44 - Meaning of life CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Matthew Johnson: Psychedelics | Lex Fridman Podcast #145', 'heatmap': [{'end': 7745.575, 'start': 7601.027, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'In a conversation with matthew johnson, the podcast discusses the safety and effects of classic psychedelics like psilocybin and lsd, their potential paradigm-shifting applications, impact on addiction and behavioral economics, drug policies, public health issues, and their therapeutic potential for smoking cessation, while also exploring their impact on consciousness and self-referential processing, and the potential of mind-altering technology with ethical considerations and applications for treating neurological disorders.', 'chapters': [{'end': 107.178, 'segs': [{'end': 34.366, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.069, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2.892, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Matthew Johnson,', 'start': 0.069, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 12.422, 'text': 'a professor of psychiatry and behavioral science at Johns Hopkins and is one of the top scientists in the world conducting seminal research on psychedelics.', 'start': 2.892, 'duration': 9.53}, {'end': 19.35, 'text': "This was one of the most eye-opening and fascinating conversations I've ever had on this podcast.", 'start': 13.444, 'duration': 5.906}, {'end': 21.753, 'text': "I'm sure I'll talk with Matt many more times.", 'start': 19.951, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 26.131, 'text': 'Quick mention of a sponsor, followed by some thoughts related to the episode.', 'start': 22.605, 'duration': 3.526}, {'end': 34.366, 'text': 'Thank you to a new sponsor, Brave, a fast browser that feels like Chrome, but has more privacy-preserving features.', 'start': 26.712, 'duration': 7.654}], 'summary': 'Matthew johnson, top scientist at johns hopkins, discusses groundbreaking research on psychedelics.', 'duration': 34.297, 'max_score': 0.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y69.jpg'}, {'end': 82.404, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 46.867, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 49.908, 'text': "I'm just now realizing how ironic this set of sponsors are.", 'start': 46.867, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 54.269, 'text': 'And Cash App, the app I use to send money to friends.', 'start': 50.908, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 59.371, 'text': 'Please check out these sponsors in the description to get a discount and to support this podcast.', 'start': 54.77, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 65.814, 'text': 'As a side note, let me say that psychedelics is an area of study that is fascinating to me,', 'start': 60.29, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 72.778, 'text': 'in that it gives hints that much of the magic of our experience arises from just a few chemical interactions in the brain,', 'start': 65.814, 'duration': 6.964}, {'end': 82.404, 'text': 'and that the nature of that experience can be expanded through the tools of biology, chemistry, physics, neuroscience and artificial intelligence.', 'start': 72.778, 'duration': 9.626}], 'summary': 'Podcast mentions cash app as sponsor, explores psychedelics and brain chemistry.', 'duration': 35.537, 'max_score': 46.867, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y46867.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'A conversation with matthew johnson', 'summary': 'Explores a conversation with matthew johnson, a top scientist in psychedelics, highlighting their potential in expanding human experience and the rigorous study of the human mind.', 'chapters': [{'end': 107.178, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Conversation with matthew johnson', 'summary': 'Explores the fascinating conversation with matthew johnson, a top scientist in the field of psychedelics, shedding light on the potential of psychedelics in expanding human experience and the rigorous study of the human mind.', 'duration': 107.109, 'highlights': ['Matthew Johnson is a top scientist conducting seminal research on psychedelics at Johns Hopkins, shedding light on the potential of psychedelics in expanding human experience.', 'The conversation delves into the fascinating area of study of psychedelics, hinting at the magic of human experience arising from a few chemical interactions in the brain.', 'The episode also highlights the application of rigor and scientific method in studying the mysterious and fascinating topic of psychedelics, emphasizing the openness of first principle thinking.', 'The podcast mentions sponsors including Brave, Neuro, Four Sigmatic, and Cash App, reflecting an ironic combination given the topic of discussion.']}], 'duration': 107.109, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y69.jpg', 'highlights': ['Matthew Johnson conducts seminal research on psychedelics at Johns Hopkins, emphasizing their potential in expanding human experience.', 'The conversation delves into the study of psychedelics, hinting at the magic of human experience arising from chemical interactions in the brain.', 'The episode highlights the application of rigor and scientific method in studying psychedelics, emphasizing openness to first principle thinking.', 'The podcast mentions sponsors including Brave, Neuro, Four Sigmatic, and Cash App, reflecting an ironic combination given the topic of discussion.']}, {'end': 622.666, 'segs': [{'end': 239.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 179.103, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 188.351, 'text': 'That includes psilocybin and psilocin, which are in mushrooms, LSD, dimethyltryptamine or DMT.', 'start': 179.103, 'duration': 9.248}, {'end': 189.212, 'text': "it's in ayahuasca.", 'start': 188.351, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 195.237, 'text': 'people can smoke it too, mescaline, which is in peyote, and San Pedro cactus.', 'start': 189.212, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 203.944, 'text': 'And those all work by hitting a certain subtype of serotonin receptor, the serotonin 2A receptor.', 'start': 197.791, 'duration': 6.153}, {'end': 206.89, 'text': 'They act as agonists at that receptor.', 'start': 203.964, 'duration': 2.926}, {'end': 223.237, 'text': 'other compounds like pcp, ketamine, mdma, ibogaine, they all are, more broadly speaking, called psychedelics, but they work by uh,', 'start': 208.63, 'duration': 14.607}, {'end': 229.781, 'text': 'very different ways pharmacologically and they have some different effects, including some subjective effects,', 'start': 223.237, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 239.14, 'text': "even though there's enough of an overlap in the subjective effects that you know, people informally refer to them as psychedelic.", 'start': 229.781, 'duration': 9.359}], 'summary': 'Various psychedelics work by activating serotonin 2a receptor, causing different effects.', 'duration': 60.037, 'max_score': 179.103, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y179103.jpg'}, {'end': 310.189, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 282.873, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 290.315, 'text': 'Or is there other kinds of interactions that have this kind of perception and self-awareness altering effects??', 'start': 282.873, 'duration': 7.442}, {'end': 298.541, 'text': "Well, as far as we know all of the psychedelics of all the different classes we've talked about,", 'start': 291.311, 'duration': 7.23}, {'end': 304.629, 'text': 'their major activity is caused by receptor level events.', 'start': 298.541, 'duration': 6.088}, {'end': 310.189, 'text': 'So either acting at the post-receptor side of the synapse.', 'start': 304.669, 'duration': 5.52}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics alter perception and self-awareness via receptor-level events.', 'duration': 27.316, 'max_score': 282.873, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y282873.jpg'}, {'end': 476.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 434.401, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 443.067, 'text': 'they have at the right dose, you know, and typically they have ex very strong effects on one sense of reality and one sense of self.', 'start': 434.401, 'duration': 8.666}, {'end': 454.089, 'text': "what some of the things that makes them different than other, more broadly speaking, psychedelics like mdma and and others, is that they're um,", 'start': 444.597, 'duration': 9.492}, {'end': 455.751, 'text': 'at least the major examples.', 'start': 454.089, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 461.378, 'text': "there are some exotic ones that differ, but the ones i've talked about are extremely safe at the physiological level,", 'start': 455.751, 'duration': 5.627}, {'end': 463.959, 'text': "like there's like lsd and psilocybin.", 'start': 462.159, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 470.341, 'text': "there's no known lethal overdose, unless you have, like really severe, you know, um heart disease, you know,", 'start': 463.959, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 472.161, 'text': 'because it modestly raises your blood pressure.', 'start': 470.341, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 476.002, 'text': 'so same person might be hurt, shoveling snow or going up the stairs.', 'start': 472.161, 'duration': 3.841}], 'summary': 'Lsd and psilocybin are extremely safe at the physiological level, with no known lethal overdose.', 'duration': 41.601, 'max_score': 434.401, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y434401.jpg'}], 'start': 107.918, 'title': 'Psychedelics and safety', 'summary': 'Provides a comprehensive overview of classic psychedelics like psilocybin and lsd, emphasizing their impact on altering perception and self-awareness, and discusses their remarkable safety at the physiological level with no known lethal overdose.', 'chapters': [{'end': 389.872, 'start': 107.918, 'title': 'Psychedelics overview', 'summary': 'Provides a comprehensive overview of various types of psychedelics, including classic psychedelics like psilocybin and lsd, and their pharmacological effects on serotonin receptors, emphasizing their impact on altering perception and self-awareness.', 'duration': 281.954, 'highlights': ["Classic psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT work by hitting serotonin 2A receptors, altering one's sense of reality and self. These classic psychedelics directly impact serotonin 2A receptors, resulting in profound alterations to one's perception and sense of self.", 'Other compounds like pcp, ketamine, and mdma, though differently pharmacologically, are informally classified as psychedelics due to their overlap in subjective effects. While these compounds vary in pharmacological mechanisms, they share enough subjective effects with classic psychedelics to be informally grouped into the psychedelic category.', 'Psychedelics primarily work through receptor-level events, mimicking or altering neurotransmitter interactions at the synaptic level. The major activity of psychedelics occurs at the receptor level, where they mimic or alter neurotransmitter interactions in the brain, leading to perceptual and self-awareness alterations.', 'MDMA floods the synapse with serotonin at the presynaptic side, causing a surge in neurotransmitter activity. MDMA functions at the presynaptic side by flooding the synapse with serotonin, resulting in heightened neurotransmitter activity.', 'The chapter also touches upon the natural origins of psychedelics, such as cacti. The discussion briefly mentions the natural sources of psychedelics, like cacti, highlighting their prevalence in the natural world.']}, {'end': 622.666, 'start': 391.133, 'title': 'Classic psychedelics and their safety', 'summary': 'Discusses the classic psychedelics including lsd, psilocybin, mescaline, and dmt, highlighting their strong effects on reality and self, while emphasizing their remarkable safety at the physiological level with no known lethal overdose, making them incredibly safe for transformative experiences.', 'duration': 231.533, 'highlights': ["Classic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT have very strong effects on one's sense of reality and self. N/A", 'LSD and psilocybin, among other classic psychedelics, are extremely safe at the physiological level, with no known lethal overdose. N/A', 'These classic psychedelics are remarkably safe, even when compared to over-the-counter drugs like aspirin and caffeine. N/A', 'Classic psychedelics allow for transformative experiences without a lethal dose in most people, highlighting the duality between the mind and the body. N/A', "Running is used as a way to test the mind by pushing the body, but it's noted that there may be other physical exercises that are easier on the body than running. N/A"]}], 'duration': 514.748, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y107918.jpg', 'highlights': ["Classic psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT work by hitting serotonin 2A receptors, altering one's sense of reality and self.", "Classic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT have very strong effects on one's sense of reality and self.", 'Classic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT are extremely safe at the physiological level, with no known lethal overdose.', 'The major activity of psychedelics occurs at the receptor level, where they mimic or alter neurotransmitter interactions in the brain, leading to perceptual and self-awareness alterations.', 'Other compounds like PCP, ketamine, and MDMA, though differently pharmacologically, are informally classified as psychedelics due to their overlap in subjective effects.']}, {'end': 1503.338, 'segs': [{'end': 737.587, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 694.297, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 701.6, 'text': "so to go to those levels where they would say that you would have to give something that's physiologically riskier.", 'start': 694.297, 'duration': 7.303}, {'end': 708.123, 'text': 'yeah, you know psilocybin or lsd, you can give a dose at the physiological level.', 'start': 701.6, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 710.625, 'text': 'that is like very good chance.', 'start': 708.123, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 715.028, 'text': "it's going to be the most intense psychological experience in that person's life, yeah,", 'start': 710.625, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 718.892, 'text': 'and have zero chance for most people if you screen them of killing them.', 'start': 715.028, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 723.836, 'text': 'the big, the big risk is behavioral toxicity, which is a fancy way of saying doing something stupid.', 'start': 718.892, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 731.422, 'text': "i mean you're really intoxicated like if you wander into traffic or you fall from a height, just like plenty of people do on high doses of alcohol.", 'start': 723.836, 'duration': 7.586}, {'end': 737.587, 'text': "and the other kind of unique thing about about psych classic psychedelics is that they're not addictive,", 'start': 731.422, 'duration': 6.165}], 'summary': 'Psilocybin and lsd at physiological levels offer intense psychological experience with minimal risk of physical harm and no addictive potential.', 'duration': 43.29, 'max_score': 694.297, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y694297.jpg'}, {'end': 861.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 831.648, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 837.132, 'text': 'people call it ecstasy, people call it Molly, and it is.', 'start': 831.648, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 840.395, 'text': 'it differs from classic psychedelics in a number of ways.', 'start': 837.132, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 848.801, 'text': "it can be addictive, but not so it's like you can have cocaine on this end of the continuum.", 'start': 842.139, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 853.122, 'text': 'and classic psychedelics here, continuum of addiction, continuum of addiction, you know.', 'start': 848.801, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 855.082, 'text': "so it's certainly no cocaine.", 'start': 853.122, 'duration': 1.96}, {'end': 861.223, 'text': "it's pretty rare for people to get into daily use patterns, but it's possible and they can get into more, like you know,", 'start': 855.082, 'duration': 6.141}], 'summary': 'Ecstasy/molly differs from classic psychedelics, less addictive than cocaine, rare daily use patterns.', 'duration': 29.575, 'max_score': 831.648, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y831648.jpg'}, {'end': 906.686, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 879.744, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 887.171, 'text': "I think that certainly the therapeutic use, it's showing really promising effects for treating PTSD.", 'start': 879.744, 'duration': 7.427}, {'end': 894.658, 'text': 'And the models that are used, I think those are extremely acceptable when it comes to the risk benefit ratio that you see all throughout medicine.', 'start': 887.231, 'duration': 7.427}, {'end': 906.686, 'text': 'But nonetheless, we do know that at a certain dose and a certain frequency that MDMA can cause long-term damage to the serotonin system in the brain.', 'start': 895.879, 'duration': 10.807}], 'summary': 'Therapeutic use of mdma shows promising effects for treating ptsd, but at certain dose and frequency, it can cause long-term damage to the serotonin system in the brain.', 'duration': 26.942, 'max_score': 879.744, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y879744.jpg'}, {'end': 1064.577, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1039.007, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1044.189, 'text': "But, MDMA, it's very common for people to have this.", 'start': 1039.007, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 1050.312, 'text': "they still are perceiving themselves as a self, but it's common for them to have this warmth,", 'start': 1044.189, 'duration': 6.123}, {'end': 1054.593, 'text': 'this empathy for humanity and for their friends and loved ones.', 'start': 1050.312, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 1057.935, 'text': 'And you see those effects under the classic psychedelics.', 'start': 1055.374, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 1061.376, 'text': "but that's a subset of what the classic psychedelics do.", 'start': 1058.675, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 1064.577, 'text': 'So I see MDMA in terms of its subjective effects.', 'start': 1061.516, 'duration': 3.061}], 'summary': 'Mdma commonly induces warmth and empathy, affecting perception and relationships.', 'duration': 25.57, 'max_score': 1039.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1039007.jpg'}, {'end': 1469.258, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1437.677, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1451.071, 'text': 'but that comes at an expense, and i it seems that these experiences will will allow someone greater mental flexibility and openness,', 'start': 1437.677, 'duration': 13.394}, {'end': 1461.175, 'text': 'And so one can be both less influenced by their prior assumptions, but still nonetheless,', 'start': 1452.031, 'duration': 9.144}, {'end': 1465.317, 'text': "the nature of the experience can be influenced by what they've been exposed to in the world.", 'start': 1461.175, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 1468.098, 'text': 'And sometimes they can get it in a deeper way.', 'start': 1465.517, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1469.258, 'text': "Like. maybe they've read.", 'start': 1468.478, 'duration': 0.78}], 'summary': 'Experiences can enhance mental flexibility and openness, reducing prior assumptions, but still influenced by exposure.', 'duration': 31.581, 'max_score': 1437.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1437677.jpg'}], 'start': 622.666, 'title': 'Psychedelics and their effects', 'summary': "Delves into the unique psychological experiences and minimal physiological risks of psychedelics, emphasizing their non-addictive nature, infrequent usage patterns, and the distinctions between classic and modern psychedelics, including mdma's addictive potential, physiological dangers, therapeutic applications for ptsd, and subjective effects.", 'chapters': [{'end': 786.012, 'start': 622.666, 'title': 'Psychedelics and altered states', 'summary': 'Discusses the unique effects of psychedelics, such as the intense psychological experiences and minimal physiological risks, compared to other drugs, and highlights the non-addictive nature and infrequent usage patterns of psychedelics.', 'duration': 163.346, 'highlights': ['Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD can induce the most intense psychological experiences with minimal risk of physiological harm, contrasting with traditional drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine (e.g., strongest coke experience vs. physiological risk).', 'Behavioral toxicity is the main risk with psychedelics, posing the danger of doing something reckless while intoxicated, unlike traditional drugs, and they are non-addictive, unlike most drugs of abuse (e.g., high doses of alcohol causing similar reckless behaviors).', 'The infrequent usage patterns of psychedelics, such as daily use being unheard of, and the lack of addictive properties, sets them apart from traditional drugs like caffeine, alcohol, and cocaine (e.g., building up courage or tolerance, rather than daily use or self-control issues).']}, {'end': 1503.338, 'start': 786.052, 'title': 'Psychedelics: classic vs modern', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between classic psychedelics and modern psychedelics, with a focus on mdma, highlighting its addictive potential, physiological dangers, therapeutic use for treating ptsd, and subjective effects compared to classic psychedelics.', 'duration': 717.286, 'highlights': ['MDMA can be addictive, but it is less addictive than cocaine and falls closer to classic psychedelics on the addiction continuum.', 'Therapeutic use of MDMA shows promising effects for treating PTSD, although it can cause long-term damage to the serotonin system at certain doses and frequencies.', "The subjective effects of MDMA differ from classic psychedelics, as it is described as more of a 'heart trip' than a 'head trip', offering warmth, empathy, and a sense of self rather than ego loss or transcendental unity.", 'The use of questionnaires to measure subjective effects of psychedelics has limitations in capturing the broad range of experiences, including shifts in philosophical viewpoints towards idealism and consciousness.', 'The experiences with psychedelics are suggested to tap into general psychological mechanisms, reducing the influence of prior assumptions and enhancing mental flexibility and openness, leading to deeper insights and understanding, even at psychological and emotional levels.']}], 'duration': 880.672, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y622666.jpg', 'highlights': ['Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD induce intense psychological experiences with minimal physiological harm, contrasting with traditional drugs.', 'Behavioral toxicity is the main risk with psychedelics, posing the danger of doing something reckless while intoxicated, unlike traditional drugs.', 'MDMA can be addictive, but it is less addictive than cocaine and falls closer to classic psychedelics on the addiction continuum.', 'Therapeutic use of MDMA shows promising effects for treating PTSD, although it can cause long-term damage to the serotonin system at certain doses and frequencies.', 'The subjective effects of MDMA differ from classic psychedelics, offering warmth, empathy, and a sense of self rather than ego loss or transcendental unity.', 'Experiences with psychedelics tap into general psychological mechanisms, reducing the influence of prior assumptions and enhancing mental flexibility and openness.']}, {'end': 2363.559, 'segs': [{'end': 1544.04, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1523.367, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1532.813, 'text': 'So like one popular terminology around this in the engineering space is first principles thinking that Elon Musk, for example, espouses a lot.', 'start': 1523.367, 'duration': 9.446}, {'end': 1538.117, 'text': 'Let me ask a fun question before we return to a more serious discussion.', 'start': 1533.834, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 1544.04, 'text': 'With Elon Musk as an example, but it could be just engineers in general.', 'start': 1539.518, 'duration': 4.522}], 'summary': 'First principles thinking is popular in engineering, embraced by elon musk.', 'duration': 20.673, 'max_score': 1523.367, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1523367.jpg'}, {'end': 1622.362, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1591.418, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1596.382, 'text': "i mean there's just countless anecdotes of folks, i mean people, have argued that just you know,", 'start': 1591.418, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 1600.805, 'text': 'silicon valley was was largely influenced by psychedelic experience.', 'start': 1596.382, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 1609.711, 'text': "i i remember the, i think the, the person that came up with the concept of freeware or shareware it's like it kind of was generated, you know, out of,", 'start': 1600.805, 'duration': 8.906}, {'end': 1613.434, 'text': 'uh or influenced by psychedelic experience.', 'start': 1609.711, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 1614.395, 'text': 'you know, so to this.', 'start': 1613.434, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 1622.362, 'text': "i i think there's incredible potential there and we know There's no rigorous research on that.", 'start': 1614.395, 'duration': 7.967}], 'summary': 'Silicon valley influenced by psychedelic experiences, potential untapped, no rigorous research.', 'duration': 30.944, 'max_score': 1591.418, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1591418.jpg'}, {'end': 1751.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1725.024, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1735.031, 'text': 'And so much of our, not only our personal psychological suffering but our limitations academically and in terms of technology,', 'start': 1725.024, 'duration': 10.007}, {'end': 1743.641, 'text': 'are because of the self-imposed limitations and heuristics, these entrenched ways of thinking,', 'start': 1735.031, 'duration': 8.61}, {'end': 1751.126, 'text': "like those examples throughout the history of science where someone has come up with a rat, the paradigm Kuhn's paradigm shifts.", 'start': 1743.641, 'duration': 7.485}], 'summary': 'Self-imposed limitations and heuristics hinder personal and academic success.', 'duration': 26.102, 'max_score': 1725.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1725024.jpg'}, {'end': 1826.349, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1799.639, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1808.063, 'text': 'there could be a lot of other tools, but it seems like psychedelics could be one set of tools that encourage paradigm shifting thinking.', 'start': 1799.639, 'duration': 8.424}, {'end': 1811.005, 'text': 'So like the first principles kind of thinking.', 'start': 1809.084, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 1815.526, 'text': "So it's a kind of, you're at the forefront of research here.", 'start': 1811.405, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 1818.547, 'text': "There's just kind of anecdotal stories.", 'start': 1816.266, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1821.148, 'text': "There's early studies.", 'start': 1818.787, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 1826.349, 'text': "There's a sense that we don't understand very much, but there's a lot of depth here.", 'start': 1821.288, 'duration': 5.061}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics are seen as tools for paradigm shifting and first principles thinking, with anecdotal stories and early studies suggesting depth in research.', 'duration': 26.71, 'max_score': 1799.639, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1799639.jpg'}, {'end': 2046.039, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2018.26, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2024.164, 'text': "We know that there's some different forms of neuroplasticity that are unfolding in the days following a psychedelics, at least in animals.", 'start': 2018.26, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 2025.765, 'text': 'Probably going on humans.', 'start': 2024.844, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 2027.906, 'text': "We don't know if that's related to the therapeutic effects.", 'start': 2025.805, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2029.528, 'text': 'My gut tells me.', 'start': 2028.327, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2032.97, 'text': "it is, although it's it's only part of of the story.", 'start': 2030.268, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 2040.475, 'text': "but but we need big studies where we compare people like let's get 100 people like that, scientists that are working on a problem,", 'start': 2032.97, 'duration': 7.505}, {'end': 2042.356, 'text': 'and then randomize them too.', 'start': 2040.475, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2046.039, 'text': 'and then i think you you need a uh um even more credible.', 'start': 2042.356, 'duration': 3.683}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics may induce neuroplasticity, but larger studies are needed for confirmation.', 'duration': 27.779, 'max_score': 2018.26, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2018260.jpg'}], 'start': 1503.358, 'title': 'Psychedelics and paradigm shifts', 'summary': 'Explores the potential use of psychedelics in engineering, referencing influential figures like elon musk and carey mullis, and discusses the need for paradigm shifting ideas in academia and science, as well as the necessity for rigorous scientific studies to understand the therapeutic and cognitive effects of psychedelics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1699.654, 'start': 1503.358, 'title': 'Psychedelics in engineering', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential use of psychedelics in engineering, citing examples of influential figures like elon musk and carey mullis, and the anecdotal influence of psychedelics on silicon valley.', 'duration': 196.296, 'highlights': ['Elon Musk and engineers in general could potentially benefit from the use of psychedelics for first principles thinking, leading to improved problem-solving in engineering, such as building better rockets or cars.', 'Anecdotal evidence suggests that influential figures like Steve Jobs and Carey Mullis attribute their groundbreaking ideas to psychedelic experiences, indicating the potential impact of psychedelics on innovation.', 'The late 60s and early 70s saw early, albeit not rigorously researched, exploration into the potential benefits of psychedelics in engineering and problem-solving.', 'The influence of psychedelic experiences on the concept of freeware or shareware, as well as the development of Silicon Valley, suggests a historical connection between psychedelics and innovation in technology and engineering.', 'The chapter explores the potential for more rigorous research into the use of psychedelics in engineering, drawing inspiration from past anecdotes and influential figures like Carey Mullis, who credits his Nobel Prize-winning invention to psychedelic experiences.']}, {'end': 2363.559, 'start': 1699.654, 'title': 'Psychedelic paradigm shifts and scientific understanding', 'summary': 'Discusses the need for paradigm shifting ideas in academia and science, the potential role of psychedelics in encouraging paradigm shifting thinking, and the necessity for rigorous scientific studies to understand the therapeutic and cognitive effects of psychedelics.', 'duration': 663.905, 'highlights': ['The need for paradigm shifting ideas in academia and science The chapter emphasizes the necessity for more paradigm shifting ideas in academia and science to overcome self-imposed limitations and entrenched ways of thinking, which can lead to breakthrough innovations.', 'The potential role of psychedelics in encouraging paradigm shifting thinking The discussion focuses on the potential of psychedelics as tools to encourage paradigm shifting thinking, particularly in promoting first principles thinking and untethering individuals from their preconceived notions.', 'The necessity for rigorous scientific studies to understand the therapeutic and cognitive effects of psychedelics The importance of conducting rigorous scientific studies to understand the therapeutic and cognitive effects of psychedelics is highlighted, including the need for experiments, studies exploring neuroplasticity, and problem-solving tasks to evaluate cognitive enhancements.']}], 'duration': 860.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y1503358.jpg', 'highlights': ['Elon Musk and engineers could benefit from psychedelics for first principles thinking, leading to improved problem-solving in engineering.', 'Anecdotal evidence suggests influential figures like Steve Jobs and Carey Mullis attribute their groundbreaking ideas to psychedelic experiences, indicating the potential impact of psychedelics on innovation.', 'The influence of psychedelic experiences on the concept of freeware or shareware, as well as the development of Silicon Valley, suggests a historical connection between psychedelics and innovation in technology and engineering.', 'The need for paradigm shifting ideas in academia and science to overcome self-imposed limitations and entrenched ways of thinking, which can lead to breakthrough innovations.', 'The potential role of psychedelics as tools to encourage paradigm shifting thinking, particularly in promoting first principles thinking and untethering individuals from their preconceived notions.', 'The necessity for conducting rigorous scientific studies to understand the therapeutic and cognitive effects of psychedelics, including the need for experiments, studies exploring neuroplasticity, and problem-solving tasks to evaluate cognitive enhancements.']}, {'end': 3148.49, 'segs': [{'end': 2418.503, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2364.88, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2375.027, 'text': "And they're already up to, let's say, what they might get from a 30 milligram or 300 microgram LSD trip, a big trip.", 'start': 2364.88, 'duration': 10.147}, {'end': 2380.811, 'text': "They're already there at the second hit, but they're going, their consciousness is geared..", 'start': 2375.368, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 2384.434, 'text': 'This is like acceleration, not speed, to speak of physics.', 'start': 2380.811, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 2389.797, 'text': "okay?. It's like those receptors are getting filled like that and they're going from zero to 60 in Tesla time.", 'start': 2384.434, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 2399.099, 'text': "Yeah, the second hit again they're at this, maybe the strongest psychedelic experience they've ever had.", 'start': 2389.918, 'duration': 9.181}, {'end': 2407.364, 'text': "and then, if they can take that third hit and some people can't, they're, i mean they're.", 'start': 2399.099, 'duration': 8.265}, {'end': 2413.038, 'text': "they're propelled into this other reality and the nature of that other reality.", 'start': 2407.364, 'duration': 5.674}, {'end': 2418.503, 'text': 'it will will differ depending on who you ask, but you know folks will talk, often talk about,', 'start': 2413.038, 'duration': 5.465}], 'summary': 'Users experience strong psychedelic effects after second hit, reaching peak at third hit.', 'duration': 53.623, 'max_score': 2364.88, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2364880.jpg'}, {'end': 2464.464, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2439.062, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2446.188, 'text': "like for someone that might be colored as elves, others that might be colored as I don't know.", 'start': 2439.062, 'duration': 7.126}, {'end': 2448.611, 'text': 'Terence McKenna called them self-dribbling basketballs.', 'start': 2446.188, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 2452.655, 'text': 'For someone else, it might be little animals or someone else, it might be aliens.', 'start': 2448.911, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 2458.039, 'text': "I think that probably is dependent on who they are and what they've been exposed to.", 'start': 2454.156, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 2464.464, 'text': "But just the fact that one has this sense that they're surrounded by autonomous entities.", 'start': 2458.099, 'duration': 6.365}], 'summary': 'Terence mckenna described the entities as self-dribbling basketballs, animals, or aliens, depending on personal experiences.', 'duration': 25.402, 'max_score': 2439.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2439062.jpg'}, {'end': 2605.875, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2584.145, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2592.812, 'text': "And that's so fascinating that there's fundamentally to this whole thing is the communication between an entity that is other than yourself.", 'start': 2584.145, 'duration': 8.667}, {'end': 2605.875, 'text': "So it's not just like a visual experience, like you're like floating through the world, is there's other beings there, which is kind of, I don't know.", 'start': 2594.153, 'duration': 11.722}], 'summary': 'Fascinating communication between entities in virtual world.', 'duration': 21.73, 'max_score': 2584.145, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2584145.jpg'}, {'end': 2735.621, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2707.787, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2710.249, 'text': 'Right And this unlocks them in a certain kind of way.', 'start': 2707.787, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 2714.711, 'text': 'And we think about stories, like our sense of self is basically narrative self is a story.', 'start': 2710.489, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 2727.538, 'text': 'And we think about This is why metaphors are always more powerful than laying out all the details all the time, speaking in parables.', 'start': 2715.131, 'duration': 12.407}, {'end': 2735.621, 'text': "This is why, as much as I hate it, if you're presenting to Congress or something and you have all the best data in the world,", 'start': 2728.479, 'duration': 7.142}], 'summary': 'Metaphors are more powerful than details, enhancing communication effectiveness.', 'duration': 27.834, 'max_score': 2707.787, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2707787.jpg'}, {'end': 2959.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2932.132, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2942.198, 'text': "is that they resemble very much Terrence McKenna's experiences with DMT, and Joe has talked very much about Terrence McKenna and his experiences.", 'start': 2932.132, 'duration': 10.066}, {'end': 2950.662, 'text': 'If I had to guess, I would guess that, probably just having heard Terrence McKenna talk about his experiences,', 'start': 2943.319, 'duration': 7.343}, {'end': 2955.845, 'text': "that that influenced the coloring of Joe's experience.", 'start': 2950.662, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 2959.087, 'text': "It's funny how that works, because I mean, that's why McKenna hasn't..", 'start': 2956.225, 'duration': 2.862}], 'summary': "Joe's experiences resemble terrence mckenna's dmt encounters.", 'duration': 26.955, 'max_score': 2932.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2932132.jpg'}], 'start': 2364.88, 'title': 'Psychedelic experiences', 'summary': "Explores the rapid acceleration of psychedelic experiences, reaching the intensity of a 300 microgram lsd trip with two hits, potential reality shifts with the third hit, cultural influence on entity encounters, mind-expanding insights, and parallels between dmt experiences and joe rogan's fascination with psychedelics.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2418.503, 'start': 2364.88, 'title': 'Psychedelic journey acceleration', 'summary': 'Discusses the rapid acceleration of psychedelic experiences, where individuals reach the intensity of a 300 microgram lsd trip with just two hits, and the potential to enter a different reality with the third hit.', 'duration': 53.623, 'highlights': ["Individuals can reach the intensity of a 300 microgram LSD trip with just two hits, leading to one of the strongest psychedelic experiences they've ever had.", 'With the third hit, some individuals are propelled into a different reality, leading to diverse experiences based on personal accounts.']}, {'end': 3148.49, 'start': 2418.503, 'title': 'Psychedelic experiences and entity encounters', 'summary': "Discusses the psychedelic experiences and entity encounters, highlighting the influence of cultural factors, the nature of the entities encountered, the potential for mind-expanding insights, the role of metaphors, and the parallels between dmt experiences and joe rogan's infatuation with psychedelics.", 'duration': 729.987, 'highlights': ["The influence of cultural factors on psychedelic experiences and entity encounters The chapter discusses how cultural influences shape individuals' perceptions of entities encountered during psychedelic experiences.", 'The nature of the entities encountered in psychedelic experiences The transcript explores how individuals perceive and interact with autonomous entities during psychedelic experiences, with varied perceptions such as elves, self-dribbling basketballs, animals, and aliens.', 'The potential for mind-expanding insights and communication with entities during psychedelic experiences The discussion highlights the astonishing stories of communication between individuals and autonomous entities during psychedelic experiences, suggesting the potential for downloading intelligence from higher dimensions and the challenge of expressing these insights in concrete terms.', 'The role of metaphors and storytelling in interpreting psychedelic experiences The chapter emphasizes the use of metaphors and storytelling to make sense of psychedelic experiences, suggesting that narratives and archetypes may be deeply ingrained in the human psyche and play a significant role in interpreting these experiences.', "Parallels between DMT experiences and Joe Rogan's infatuation with psychedelics The transcript draws parallels between DMT experiences and Joe Rogan's fascination with psychedelics, highlighting the influence of Terence McKenna's experiences on Joe's own perceptions and experiences."]}], 'duration': 783.61, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y2364880.jpg', 'highlights': ["Individuals can reach the intensity of a 300 microgram LSD trip with just two hits, leading to one of the strongest psychedelic experiences they've ever had.", 'With the third hit, some individuals are propelled into a different reality, leading to diverse experiences based on personal accounts.', "The influence of cultural factors on psychedelic experiences and entity encounters The chapter discusses how cultural influences shape individuals' perceptions of entities encountered during psychedelic experiences.", 'The nature of the entities encountered in psychedelic experiences The transcript explores how individuals perceive and interact with autonomous entities during psychedelic experiences, with varied perceptions such as elves, self-dribbling basketballs, animals, and aliens.', 'The potential for mind-expanding insights and communication with entities during psychedelic experiences The discussion highlights the astonishing stories of communication between individuals and autonomous entities during psychedelic experiences, suggesting the potential for downloading intelligence from higher dimensions and the challenge of expressing these insights in concrete terms.', 'The role of metaphors and storytelling in interpreting psychedelic experiences The chapter emphasizes the use of metaphors and storytelling to make sense of psychedelic experiences, suggesting that narratives and archetypes may be deeply ingrained in the human psyche and play a significant role in interpreting these experiences.', "Parallels between DMT experiences and Joe Rogan's infatuation with psychedelics The transcript draws parallels between DMT experiences and Joe Rogan's fascination with psychedelics, highlighting the influence of Terence McKenna's experiences on Joe's own perceptions and experiences."]}, {'end': 4001.747, 'segs': [{'end': 3179.176, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3148.51, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3151.233, 'text': 'This like sort of radical self-examination.', 'start': 3148.51, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 3153.956, 'text': 'which I think our society is kind of getting away from.', 'start': 3151.733, 'duration': 2.223}, {'end': 3156.919, 'text': 'Cause like, you know, all the children win trophies type of thing.', 'start': 3153.996, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 3161.525, 'text': "You know, it's like, no, no, don't go overboard, but like recognize when you've messed up.", 'start': 3156.939, 'duration': 4.586}, {'end': 3165.75, 'text': "And so that's a big part of the psychedelic experience.", 'start': 3162.326, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 3171.113, 'text': 'Like people come out sometimes saying, my god, i need to say sorry to my mom.', 'start': 3165.77, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 3173.014, 'text': 'yeah, you know, like.', 'start': 3171.113, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3179.176, 'text': "it's so obvious, like or whatever you know, interpersonal issue or like my god, i don't.", 'start': 3173.014, 'duration': 6.162}], 'summary': 'Psychedelic experience promotes self-examination and accountability, leading to realizations and apologies for interpersonal issues.', 'duration': 30.666, 'max_score': 3148.51, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3148510.jpg'}, {'end': 3242.811, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3217.197, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3223.464, 'text': 'but the point is, stuff outside of the psychedelics umbrella can often be highly addictive.', 'start': 3217.197, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 3229.051, 'text': "So you've studied addiction from several angles, one of which is behavioral economics.", 'start': 3224.005, 'duration': 5.046}, {'end': 3233.118, 'text': 'what have you understood about addiction?', 'start': 3230.072, 'duration': 3.046}, {'end': 3235.162, 'text': 'What is addiction?', 'start': 3233.739, 'duration': 1.423}, {'end': 3241.774, 'text': 'from the biological, physiological level to the psychological, to whatever is the interesting way to talk about addiction?', 'start': 3235.162, 'duration': 6.612}, {'end': 3242.811, 'text': 'Yeah,', 'start': 3242.611, 'duration': 0.2}], 'summary': 'Addiction, including psychedelics, can be highly addictive. studying it from various angles, including behavioral economics, reveals insights from biological, physiological, and psychological perspectives.', 'duration': 25.614, 'max_score': 3217.197, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3217197.jpg'}, {'end': 3345.248, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3319.001, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3324.964, 'text': "so so, for example, i've studied things like um demand curve analysis of drug consumption.", 'start': 3319.001, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 3335.266, 'text': 'So I look at, for example, the tobacco, cigarettes and nicotine products through the lens of demand curves.', 'start': 3325.044, 'duration': 10.222}, {'end': 3345.248, 'text': "And in other words, at different prices, if there's different work requirements for being able to smoke cigarettes, sort of modeling price.", 'start': 3335.446, 'duration': 9.802}], 'summary': 'Studied demand curve analysis of drug consumption, focusing on tobacco and nicotine products.', 'duration': 26.247, 'max_score': 3319.001, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3319001.jpg'}, {'end': 3479.265, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3433.039, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3434.379, 'text': "it's a certain lens of.", 'start': 3433.039, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 3444.047, 'text': "it's sort of a way to take the kind of the classic behavioral psychology definition of reinforcement and which is just basically reward.", 'start': 3434.379, 'duration': 9.668}, {'end': 3445.468, 'text': 'you know how much is this a good thing?', 'start': 3444.047, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 3451.113, 'text': 'and it kind of breaks that apart into a multi-dimensional um space.', 'start': 3445.468, 'duration': 5.645}, {'end': 3452.894, 'text': "so it's not just the ideas.", 'start': 3451.113, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 3456.217, 'text': 'reward or reinforcement is not unidimensional.', 'start': 3452.894, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 3461.102, 'text': 'so, for example, you can unpack that with demand curves At a cheap price.', 'start': 3456.217, 'duration': 4.885}, {'end': 3463.165, 'text': 'you might prefer one good to another.', 'start': 3461.102, 'duration': 2.063}, {'end': 3468.812, 'text': 'You know, so the classic examples, luxury versus necessity, so diamonds versus toilet paper.', 'start': 3463.886, 'duration': 4.926}, {'end': 3473.378, 'text': 'So at those cheap prices, you can look at something called intensity of demand.', 'start': 3469.593, 'duration': 3.785}, {'end': 3474.159, 'text': 'You know.', 'start': 3473.858, 'duration': 0.301}, {'end': 3479.265, 'text': 'if it was basically as cheap as possible or essentially zero, how much would you buy of this?', 'start': 3474.159, 'duration': 5.106}], 'summary': 'Reinforcement theory redefines reward as a multi-dimensional concept, including demand curves and intensity of demand.', 'duration': 46.226, 'max_score': 3433.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3433039.jpg'}, {'end': 3623.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3597.883, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3605.127, 'text': 'and if you evaluate it as a much higher reward than anything else, that becomes an addiction.', 'start': 3597.883, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 3606.128, 'text': 'Right, right.', 'start': 3605.487, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 3609.991, 'text': "And so it's not just the rewarding value, but it's the relative rewarding value.", 'start': 3606.208, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 3619.44, 'text': 'And the other major aspect, again, from behavioral economics, the thing that makes addiction is something called delayed discounting.', 'start': 3610.532, 'duration': 8.908}, {'end': 3623.104, 'text': "So in economics, sometimes it's called time preference.", 'start': 3620.421, 'duration': 2.683}], 'summary': 'Addiction is driven by high rewarding value and delayed discounting.', 'duration': 25.221, 'max_score': 3597.883, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3597883.jpg'}], 'start': 3148.51, 'title': 'Psychedelics, addiction, and behavioral economics', 'summary': 'Explores the value of self-examination through psychedelic experiences, the nature of addiction, and the application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption, including the concept of price elasticity. it also discusses the multi-dimensional lens of reinforcement, highlighting the concepts of demand curves, intensity of demand, delayed discounting, and preference reversals in addiction, showing how the competition between short-term and long-term rewards leads to addiction.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3433.039, 'start': 3148.51, 'title': 'Psychedelics, addiction, and behavioral economics', 'summary': 'Explores the value of self-examination through psychedelic experiences, the nature of addiction, and the application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption, including the concept of price elasticity.', 'duration': 284.529, 'highlights': ['The value of self-examination through psychedelic experiences Psychedelic experiences encourage self-reflection and acknowledgment of personal shortcomings, leading to positive self-criticism and potential for personal growth.', 'The nature of addiction and its study through behavioral economics The discussion delves into addiction from various angles, including the application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption and the concept of price elasticity.', 'Application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption The application of behavioral economics involves studying drug consumption through demand curve analysis, considering price sensitivity, and analyzing the impact of nicotine replacement products.']}, {'end': 4001.747, 'start': 3433.039, 'title': 'Multi-dimensional lens of behavioral psychology', 'summary': 'Discusses the multi-dimensional lens of reinforcement, highlighting the concepts of demand curves, intensity of demand, delayed discounting, and preference reversals in addiction, showing how the competition between short-term and long-term rewards leads to addiction.', 'duration': 568.708, 'highlights': ['The competition between short-term and long-term rewards leads to addiction. The chapter emphasizes how addiction is a result of the competition between immediate rewards and long-term consequences, leading to preference reversals and difficulty quitting.', 'The concept of delayed discounting and its impact on addiction. The discussion focuses on the concept of delayed discounting, showing how individuals, including addicted populations, tend to prefer immediate rewards over long-term benefits, leading to addictive behaviors.', 'The use of demand curves to analyze reinforcement and addiction. The chapter explores the use of demand curves to analyze the intensity of demand for different rewards at varying prices, demonstrating how the value of rewards changes based on their availability and cost.', 'The multi-dimensional lens of reinforcement in behavioral psychology. The transcript introduces a multi-dimensional lens to reinforcement, breaking down the traditional unidimensional view and highlighting the complexity of rewards and their impact on addictive behaviors.']}], 'duration': 853.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y3148510.jpg', 'highlights': ['The value of self-examination through psychedelic experiences encourages self-reflection and acknowledgment of personal shortcomings, leading to positive self-criticism and potential for personal growth.', 'The nature of addiction and its study through behavioral economics delves into addiction from various angles, including the application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption and the concept of price elasticity.', 'The application of behavioral economics involves studying drug consumption through demand curve analysis, considering price sensitivity, and analyzing the impact of nicotine replacement products.', 'The competition between short-term and long-term rewards leads to addiction, emphasizing how addiction is a result of the competition between immediate rewards and long-term consequences, leading to preference reversals and difficulty quitting.', 'The discussion focuses on the concept of delayed discounting, showing how individuals, including addicted populations, tend to prefer immediate rewards over long-term benefits, leading to addictive behaviors.', 'The chapter explores the use of demand curves to analyze the intensity of demand for different rewards at varying prices, demonstrating how the value of rewards changes based on their availability and cost.', 'The transcript introduces a multi-dimensional lens to reinforcement, breaking down the traditional unidimensional view and highlighting the complexity of rewards and their impact on addictive behaviors.']}, {'end': 5101.062, 'segs': [{'end': 4032.141, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4001.747, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4008.573, 'text': "and so, and it's why it's easier to exert exercise self-control at the grocery store compared to in your fridge.", 'start': 4001.747, 'duration': 6.826}, {'end': 4020.12, 'text': "Like if that snack is like 30 seconds away in your fridge, you're gonna more likely yield to temptation than if it is further away.", 'start': 4008.693, 'duration': 11.427}, {'end': 4026.759, 'text': 'So then just take a step back to something you brought up earlier, the inelasticity of pricing.', 'start': 4021.058, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 4032.141, 'text': 'Is it from a perspective of the dealers,', 'start': 4028.48, 'duration': 3.661}], 'summary': 'Exerting self-control is easier at the grocery store than in the fridge due to proximity, influencing likelihood of yielding to temptation.', 'duration': 30.394, 'max_score': 4001.747, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4001747.jpg'}, {'end': 4123.265, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4086.278, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4093.464, 'text': "yeah, you can jack up the price and you know some people are going to drop off, but the people you know, and it's not dichotomous,", 'start': 4086.278, 'duration': 7.186}, {'end': 4098.929, 'text': 'because you could just consume less, but some people are going to consume less and the people that are most addicted are going to keep.', 'start': 4093.464, 'duration': 5.465}, {'end': 4103.372, 'text': "I mean you see this, they're gonna keep purchasing.", 'start': 4100.189, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 4104.513, 'text': 'So you see this with cigarettes.', 'start': 4103.412, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 4111.917, 'text': "And so it's interesting when you interface this with policy, like in one respect, heavily taxing cigarettes is a good thing.", 'start': 4104.593, 'duration': 7.324}, {'end': 4115.979, 'text': 'We know it keeps adolescents particularly price sensitive.', 'start': 4111.957, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 4123.265, 'text': 'So you definitely, people smoke less and especially kids smoke less when you keep cigarette prices high and you tax the hell out of them.', 'start': 4116.06, 'duration': 7.205}], 'summary': 'High cigarette taxes reduce smoking, especially among adolescents, demonstrating price sensitivity.', 'duration': 36.987, 'max_score': 4086.278, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4086278.jpg'}, {'end': 4380.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4355.933, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4362.038, 'text': 'compete against some of the worst problems of addiction is actually having educational and employment opportunities.', 'start': 4355.933, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 4369.664, 'text': "But when you give someone a felony, for example, you're pretty much guaranteeing they're never gonna go very high on the economic ladder.", 'start': 4362.258, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 4374.828, 'text': "And so you're making drugs a better reward for that person's future.", 'start': 4370.404, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 4380.222, 'text': 'And so this is a quick step into the policy realm.', 'start': 4376.26, 'duration': 3.962}], 'summary': 'Lack of educational and employment opportunities post-felony leads to drug reliance.', 'duration': 24.289, 'max_score': 4355.933, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4355933.jpg'}, {'end': 4442.291, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4408.781, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4412.302, 'text': 'or spoken about possibly legalizing, basically all drugs.', 'start': 4408.781, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 4414.062, 'text': 'In your intuition.', 'start': 4413.002, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 4425.105, 'text': 'do you think a world where all drugs are legal is a safer world or a less safe world for the users of those drugs??', 'start': 4414.062, 'duration': 11.043}, {'end': 4427.886, 'text': 'really depends on what we mean by legalization.', 'start': 4425.465, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 4430.107, 'text': 'so this is one of my beefs with this.', 'start': 4427.886, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 4432.307, 'text': 'you know how these things are talked about.', 'start': 4430.107, 'duration': 2.2}, {'end': 4442.291, 'text': 'i mean we have very few completely laissez-faire you know legal drugs, so even Caffeine is one of the few examples.', 'start': 4432.307, 'duration': 9.984}], 'summary': 'Debating the safety of legalizing all drugs, with focus on varying regulations and minimal examples of legal drugs like caffeine.', 'duration': 33.51, 'max_score': 4408.781, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4408781.jpg'}, {'end': 4661.26, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4622.694, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4625.977, 'text': "I mean, the House passed a bill that's not going to be passed by the by the Senate.", 'start': 4622.694, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 4628.058, 'text': "But yeah, it's progress.", 'start': 4626.037, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 4629.7, 'text': "There's clearly a change.", 'start': 4628.238, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 4631.321, 'text': "Right It's moving in a trend.", 'start': 4629.98, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4636.285, 'text': "So that's the example of a drug that used to be illegal and now becoming more and more and more legal.", 'start': 4631.341, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 4642.29, 'text': 'So I wonder what like cocaine being legal looks like.', 'start': 4637.806, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 4645.592, 'text': 'Right What a society with cocaine being legal looks like.', 'start': 4642.55, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 4647.354, 'text': 'The rules around it.', 'start': 4646.153, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 4661.26, 'text': 'the processes in which you can consume it in a safer way and be more educated about its consequences, be able to control dose and purity, much better.', 'start': 4649.755, 'duration': 11.505}], 'summary': 'House passed a bill, showing progress in drug legalization and societal change.', 'duration': 38.566, 'max_score': 4622.694, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4622694.jpg'}, {'end': 4840.511, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4807.905, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4810.007, 'text': 'but the negative consequences, all those kinds of things.', 'start': 4807.905, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 4811.847, 'text': "That's a huge part of it, the education.", 'start': 4810.047, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 4821.969, 'text': 'But then I think with the opioids, like the big part of it is just like, With naloxone, which is an antagonist, it goes into the receptor.', 'start': 4811.867, 'duration': 10.102}, {'end': 4822.87, 'text': "It's called Narcan.", 'start': 4822.029, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 4826.535, 'text': "That's the trade name, but it's what they revive people on an opioid overdose.", 'start': 4823.07, 'duration': 3.465}, {'end': 4828.578, 'text': "That's almost completely effective.", 'start': 4826.996, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 4834.666, 'text': "Like if there's a medical professional there and someone's ODing on an opioid, they're virtually guaranteed to live.", 'start': 4829.259, 'duration': 5.407}, {'end': 4840.511, 'text': "Like that's remarkable that if, 100% at the opioid crisis, you know,", 'start': 4835.386, 'duration': 5.125}], 'summary': 'Naloxone is almost completely effective in reviving people from opioid overdose, ensuring 100% survival with medical assistance.', 'duration': 32.606, 'max_score': 4807.905, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4807905.jpg'}, {'end': 4898.968, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4872.125, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4878.412, 'text': 'in fact, probably one of the greatest advertisements for not getting hooked on heroin is like visiting a methadone clinic.', 'start': 4872.125, 'duration': 6.287}, {'end': 4886.699, 'text': 'visiting a safe injection site like like this is not like an advertisement for getting cooked on this drug, but knowing that we can save people.', 'start': 4878.412, 'duration': 8.287}, {'end': 4891.102, 'text': "now you have a landscape here, because a lot of times it's just like supervised injection.", 'start': 4886.699, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 4894.965, 'text': 'but you bring your own stuff, you know, you bring your own heroin, which could still be, you know,', 'start': 4891.102, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 4898.968, 'text': 'dirty and and and filled with fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives which,', 'start': 4894.965, 'duration': 4.003}], 'summary': 'Visiting a safe injection site can save lives by providing supervised injection, but it does not promote drug use.', 'duration': 26.843, 'max_score': 4872.125, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4872125.jpg'}], 'start': 4001.747, 'title': 'Drug economics and policy', 'summary': 'Discusses drug pricing, policies, and implications, including addiction, poverty, and societal consequences, as well as the nuanced nature of drug legality and regulation. it delves into the evolving landscape of drug legalization and regulation, highlighting progress in marijuana legalization and the potential benefits of regulating all drugs.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4163.344, 'start': 4001.747, 'title': 'Addiction and pricing economics', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of addiction on pricing economics, particularly regarding the inelasticity of prices for addictive products like cigarettes, and the potential consequences of heavily taxing addictive products on different socio-economic groups.', 'duration': 161.597, 'highlights': ['The inelasticity of pricing in addictive products like cigarettes can lead to heavily taxing them, resulting in reduced consumption, particularly among adolescents, but it can also disproportionately affect working class poor people, who are more likely to continue purchasing despite high prices. Impact of heavily taxing addictive products on consumption and socio-economic groups.', "The proximity of addictive products influences self-control, as it's easier to yield to temptation when the product is readily accessible, such as in the fridge, compared to when it is further away, like at a grocery store. Influence of proximity on self-control and temptation.", 'Addiction allows for manipulation of pricing, where jacking up the price can lead to some consumers dropping off, but the most addicted individuals continue purchasing, as seen with cigarettes. Manipulation of pricing due to addiction and the behavior of highly addicted consumers.']}, {'end': 4570.684, 'start': 4163.984, 'title': 'Drug economics and policy', 'summary': 'Discusses the implications of drug pricing and policies, highlighting the impact on addiction, poverty, and societal consequences, while also delving into the nuanced nature of drug legality and regulation.', 'duration': 406.7, 'highlights': ['The economic implications of drug pricing and policies, including the impact on addiction and poverty, as well as the societal consequences of heavy criminalization and reduced employment and educational opportunities.', 'The nuanced nature of drug legality and regulation, ranging from completely legal drugs like caffeine to the regulation and scheduling of volatile anesthetics and substances classified as illegal.', 'The discussion on the potential impact of legalizing all drugs, considering the varying degrees of regulation and the nuanced nature of drug legality and policy.']}, {'end': 5101.062, 'start': 4571.205, 'title': 'Legalization and regulation of drugs', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolving landscape of drug legalization and regulation, highlighting the progress of marijuana legalization, the potential benefits of regulating all drugs, and the positive impact of safe injection sites and naloxone in reducing opioid overdose deaths.', 'duration': 529.857, 'highlights': ['The House passed a bill towards federal marijuana legalization, showcasing the progressing trend towards drug legalization.', 'Safe injection sites for hard drugs, such as heroin and cocaine, are supported as they can reduce the risk of lethal overdose and the spread of diseases like HIV and hepatitis.', 'Naloxone, an antagonist for opioid overdose, is highly effective and could significantly reduce opioid-related deaths if made more accessible and utilized in medical settings.', 'Real human connections and trust built in safe injection settings can lead individuals to seek treatment and consider options for recovery, providing indirect benefits beyond harm reduction.']}], 'duration': 1099.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y4001747.jpg', 'highlights': ['The House passed a bill towards federal marijuana legalization, showcasing the progressing trend towards drug legalization.', 'Safe injection sites for hard drugs can reduce the risk of lethal overdose and the spread of diseases like HIV and hepatitis.', 'Naloxone, an antagonist for opioid overdose, is highly effective and could significantly reduce opioid-related deaths if made more accessible and utilized in medical settings.', 'The economic implications of drug pricing and policies, including the impact on addiction and poverty, as well as the societal consequences of heavy criminalization and reduced employment and educational opportunities.', 'The discussion on the potential impact of legalizing all drugs, considering the varying degrees of regulation and the nuanced nature of drug legality and policy.', 'The inelasticity of pricing in addictive products like cigarettes can lead to heavily taxing them, resulting in reduced consumption, particularly among adolescents, but it can also disproportionately affect working class poor people, who are more likely to continue purchasing despite high prices.', "The proximity of addictive products influences self-control, as it's easier to yield to temptation when the product is readily accessible, such as in the fridge, compared to when it is further away, like at a grocery store.", 'Addiction allows for manipulation of pricing, where jacking up the price can lead to some consumers dropping off, but the most addicted individuals continue purchasing, as seen with cigarettes.', 'Real human connections and trust built in safe injection settings can lead individuals to seek treatment and consider options for recovery, providing indirect benefits beyond harm reduction.']}, {'end': 6380.786, 'segs': [{'end': 5135.936, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5101.582, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5103.923, 'text': "You're stuck at the lower ends of the employment ladder.", 'start': 5101.582, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 5110.525, 'text': "You're not gonna get loans for education, all of this, maybe because of a stupid mistake you made once as a 19 year old.", 'start': 5104.183, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 5116.367, 'text': 'Doing something that like a presidential candidate could have done and admitted to and had no problem.', 'start': 5111.425, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 5124.59, 'text': 'What drug is the most addictive, the most dangerous in your view?', 'start': 5118.588, 'duration': 6.002}, {'end': 5127.332, 'text': 'Not maybe like.', 'start': 5124.61, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 5135.936, 'text': 'not technically like specifically which drug, but more like in our society today, what is a highly problematic drug?', 'start': 5127.332, 'duration': 8.604}], 'summary': 'Challenges in employment due to past mistake, discussing societal impact of addictive drugs.', 'duration': 34.354, 'max_score': 5101.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y5101582.jpg'}, {'end': 5177.583, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5151.335, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5159.558, 'text': "if we're talking about on the ground today yes, in you know modern society, i'd, i'd say, nicotine, tobacco.", 'start': 5151.335, 'duration': 8.223}, {'end': 5164.14, 'text': 'oh, interesting, um, i mean in terms of mortality, it kills.', 'start': 5159.558, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 5170.982, 'text': 'it kills far more than any other drug known to humankind, four times more than alcohol,', 'start': 5165.34, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 5177.583, 'text': 'like a half million deaths in the US every year and about five to six million worldwide due to tobacco.', 'start': 5170.982, 'duration': 6.601}], 'summary': 'Tobacco causes half a million deaths in the us and 5-6 million worldwide annually.', 'duration': 26.248, 'max_score': 5151.335, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y5151335.jpg'}, {'end': 5790.411, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5762.703, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5766.845, 'text': 'So for most people, sex with the condom is the better reward.', 'start': 5762.703, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 5773.549, 'text': "But underneath the hood of that is just at the purely physical level, they'd rather have sex without the condom.", 'start': 5767.566, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 5774.39, 'text': "It's gonna feel better.", 'start': 5773.569, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 5775.63, 'text': 'What do you mean by reward?', 'start': 5774.57, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 5783.875, 'text': 'Like when they calculate their trajectory through life and try to optimize it, then sex with a condom is a good idea?', 'start': 5775.69, 'duration': 8.185}, {'end': 5786.667, 'text': "Well, it's, it's, it's, it's really based on.", 'start': 5784.485, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 5787.828, 'text': 'I mean yeah, yeah.', 'start': 5786.667, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 5790.411, 'text': "Presumably that's the case that, that, that, that there's.", 'start': 5787.868, 'duration': 2.543}], 'summary': 'Sex with condom seen as a better reward by most, but physically, sex without condom is preferred.', 'duration': 27.708, 'max_score': 5762.703, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y5762703.jpg'}, {'end': 6059.757, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6038.128, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6047.211, 'text': 'and like we did one um survey with with men who have sex with men and found that, uh, 25 of them 24,', 'start': 6038.128, 'duration': 9.083}, {'end': 6059.757, 'text': 'about a quarter reported in the last six months that they had unprotected anal intercourse which is the most in terms of sexually transmitted infection in the last six months,', 'start': 6047.211, 'duration': 12.546}], 'summary': '25% of men who have sex with men reported unprotected anal intercourse in the last six months', 'duration': 21.629, 'max_score': 6038.128, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6038128.jpg'}, {'end': 6268.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6240.354, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6246.476, 'text': "But by saying, if you show me a negative urine for cocaine, I'm gonna give you a monetary reward.", 'start': 6240.354, 'duration': 6.122}, {'end': 6249.737, 'text': 'And like that has huge effects in terms of decreasing cocaine use.', 'start': 6246.536, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 6257.039, 'text': 'If that can be that powerful for something like stopping cocaine use, how powerful could that be for shaping up just carrying a condom?', 'start': 6250.397, 'duration': 6.642}, {'end': 6259.36, 'text': 'Because the primary, unlike cocaine,', 'start': 6257.059, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 6268.662, 'text': "use here we're not saying you can't have the the main reward like you can still have sex and you can even have sex in the way that you tell yourself you'd rather do it.", 'start': 6259.36, 'duration': 9.302}], 'summary': 'Offering monetary reward for negative urine reduced cocaine use.', 'duration': 28.308, 'max_score': 6240.354, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6240354.jpg'}], 'start': 5101.582, 'title': 'Public health issues', 'summary': "Covers employment challenges due to drug addiction, tobacco's staggering mortality impact, a study on condom use decision making, and promoting condom use for safer sex, highlighting the societal impact and need for thoughtful regulation.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5151.335, 'start': 5101.582, 'title': 'Employment challenges and drug addiction', 'summary': 'Discusses challenges faced by individuals due to past mistakes affecting employment opportunities, and raises concerns about the societal impact of addictive drugs, particularly cocaine.', 'duration': 49.753, 'highlights': ["Cocaine's societal impact and addictiveness is a concern, potentially affecting employment and societal well-being.", 'Challenges in obtaining loans for education due to past mistakes, affecting career advancement.', 'Discusses the societal impact of addictive drugs and the challenges faced by individuals due to past mistakes.']}, {'end': 5654.365, 'start': 5151.335, 'title': "Tobacco's impact: mortality, addiction, and regulation", 'summary': "Highlights the sobering truth about tobacco's impact on mortality, killing four times more than alcohol, with a half million deaths in the us and five to six million deaths worldwide every year. it emphasizes the need for thoughtful regulation, considering the potential increase in black market and the role of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative.", 'duration': 503.03, 'highlights': ['Tobacco causes a staggering half million deaths in the US every year and about five to six million deaths worldwide, four times more than alcohol.', "Graphing all drugs, legal and illegal, tobacco and alcohol overshadow all illegal drugs, including opioids, cocaine, and meth, highlighting tobacco's significant impact on mortality.", 'The discussion emphasizes the need for thoughtful regulation, considering the potential increase in black market and the role of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative.', 'The potential path forward includes reducing nicotine in cigarettes, regulating e-cigarettes, and avoiding overregulation and overtaxation to compete with the more dangerous tobacco products.', 'Research has been conducted on the impact of cocaine and sexual decision-making, requiring medical and ethical approvals, as well as the application of delayed discounting to condom use decisions.']}, {'end': 6038.128, 'start': 5654.365, 'title': 'Condom use decision making study', 'summary': 'Discusses a study on condom use decision making, where individuals are assessed on their likelihood to use a condom in various scenarios, revealing that most people prefer sex with a condom for safety reasons, despite the physical pleasure of sex without a condom.', 'duration': 383.763, 'highlights': ['Most people prefer sex with a condom for safety reasons, despite the physical pleasure of sex without a condom, as revealed in a study on condom use decision making.', "The study involved assessing individuals' likelihood to use a condom in various scenarios, including scenarios with delayed condom availability, and it demonstrated that condom use is a concrete and quantifiable measure in research.", "Research findings indicated that alcohol did not influence individuals' decisions on delayed discounting, but it inspired the study to investigate risky sexual decisions made under the influence of alcohol and other drugs, which showed a tendency towards risky sexual behavior such as choosing no condom over waiting for five minutes.", 'The study revealed that under the influence of alcohol and certain drugs, individuals were more likely to make risky sexual decisions, such as opting for no condom immediately rather than waiting for five minutes to use a condom, indicating a significant effect of alcohol and drugs on risky sexual behavior.', "Behavioral economics was utilized to model real-life scenarios and decision-making processes regarding condom use, providing a unique approach to studying and understanding individuals' actual behaviors and choices in sexual encounters."]}, {'end': 6380.786, 'start': 6038.128, 'title': 'Promoting condom use for safer sex', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges surrounding condom use, emphasizing the need for understanding suboptimal conditions and promoting environmental interventions such as making condoms widely available to address risky sexual behaviors.', 'duration': 342.658, 'highlights': ['25% of men who have sex with men reported unprotected anal intercourse in the last six months due to unavailability of condoms, highlighting the urgency to address suboptimal conditions. 25% of men who have sex with men reported engaging in unprotected anal intercourse in the last six months due to unavailability of condoms, emphasizing the critical need to address suboptimal conditions to reduce risky sexual behaviors.', 'Environmental interventions such as making condoms widely available are crucial in promoting safer sex practices. Emphasizing the importance of environmental interventions, such as making condoms widely available, to promote safer sex practices and reduce the incidence of risky sexual behaviors.', 'Contingency management, involving systematic rewards for carrying condoms, could effectively promote safer sex behaviors similar to reducing cocaine use. Discussing the potential effectiveness of contingency management, which involves systematic rewards for carrying condoms, in promoting safer sex behaviors, drawing parallels to its success in reducing cocaine use.', "Proposes a business opportunity for a 'DoorDash for condoms' or 'Uber for condoms' to provide quick condom delivery, addressing the issue of unavailability in critical moments. Proposing a business opportunity for a service that offers quick condom delivery, similar to 'DoorDash for condoms' or 'Uber for condoms,' to address the issue of unavailability during critical moments and promote safer sex practices.", "Suggests a unique transportation service for individuals who have consumed alcohol, involving sober drivers who can drive the individual's car home, offering a practical solution to reduce risky decisions. Suggesting a unique transportation service that involves sober drivers driving the individual's car home as a practical solution to reduce risky decisions made by individuals who have consumed alcohol, providing a safer alternative to driving under the influence."]}], 'duration': 1279.204, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y5101582.jpg', 'highlights': ['Tobacco causes staggering mortality, 500k deaths in US yearly, 5-6M worldwide.', "Cocaine's societal impact affects employment and societal well-being.", 'Challenges in obtaining loans for education due to past mistakes affect career advancement.', 'Most people prefer sex with a condom for safety reasons, despite physical pleasure.', '25% of men who have sex with men reported engaging in unprotected anal intercourse in the last six months due to unavailability of condoms.', 'Contingency management, involving systematic rewards for carrying condoms, could effectively promote safer sex behaviors similar to reducing cocaine use.']}, {'end': 8073.157, 'segs': [{'end': 6406.734, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6380.786, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6389.152, 'text': 'yeah, definitely an uber itself, i would say, helped a huge amount of people, just making it easy to make the decision of going home.', 'start': 6380.786, 'duration': 8.366}, {'end': 6390.974, 'text': 'uh, not driving yourself.', 'start': 6389.152, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 6396.503, 'text': "I read about in Austin where they I don't know where it's at now where were they outlawed Uber for a while, you know,", 'start': 6391.638, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 6399.586, 'text': 'because of the whole taxicab union type thing, and and how?', 'start': 6396.503, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 6406.734, 'text': "just? yeah, there were like hordes of drunk people that were, uh, used to Uber that now didn't have a cheap alternative.", 'start': 6399.586, 'duration': 7.148}], 'summary': 'Uber helped a huge amount of people make the decision of going home, especially for hordes of drunk people without a cheap alternative.', 'duration': 25.948, 'max_score': 6380.786, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6380786.jpg'}, {'end': 6524.172, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6491.683, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6496.65, 'text': 'A high dose of alcohol makes someone less sensitive to those consequences.', 'start': 6491.683, 'duration': 4.967}, {'end': 6499.515, 'text': "So I think that's the lever that's being hit with alcohol.", 'start': 6496.67, 'duration': 2.845}, {'end': 6506.72, 'text': "And it's more just increasing the rewarding value of sex by the psychostimulants on that side.", 'start': 6500.255, 'duration': 6.465}, {'end': 6508.941, 'text': 'We actually found that it, and it was amazing,', 'start': 6506.94, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 6515.646, 'text': 'because hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent by NIH to study the connection between cocaine and HIV.', 'start': 6508.941, 'duration': 6.705}, {'end': 6524.172, 'text': 'We ran the first study on my grant that actually just gave people cocaine under double-blind conditions and showed that, yeah,', 'start': 6516.046, 'duration': 8.126}], 'summary': "Alcohol reduces sensitivity to consequences, increasing sex's rewarding value; first study on cocaine and hiv showed significant results.", 'duration': 32.489, 'max_score': 6491.683, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6491683.jpg'}, {'end': 6770.506, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6727.272, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6730.853, 'text': "And so back to your question, like we've had really high success rates.", 'start': 6727.272, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 6735.394, 'text': "I mean, it really, it rivals anything that's been published in the scientific literature.", 'start': 6731.073, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 6740.956, 'text': "The caveat is that you know that's based on our initial trial of only 15 people,", 'start': 6736.974, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 6746.538, 'text': 'but extremely high long term success rates 80% at six months per smoke free.', 'start': 6740.956, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 6749.139, 'text': 'So can we discuss the details?', 'start': 6747.438, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 6751.42, 'text': 'So, first of all, which psychedelic are we talking about?', 'start': 6749.219, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 6756.942, 'text': 'And maybe can you talk about the 15 people and how the study ran and what you found?', 'start': 6751.82, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 6757.997, 'text': 'Yeah, yeah,', 'start': 6757.256, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 6765.342, 'text': "So the drug we're using is psilocybin and we're using moderately high and high doses of psilocybin.", 'start': 6758.157, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 6770.506, 'text': 'And I should say this about most of our work, these are not kind of museum level doses.', 'start': 6765.962, 'duration': 4.544}], 'summary': 'Initial trial had 80% long-term success rate at six months per smoke free, using psilocybin.', 'duration': 43.234, 'max_score': 6727.272, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6727272.jpg'}, {'end': 6958.248, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6931.527, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6939.649, 'text': "So these folks, the 15 folks in the study, there's not a question of dose being too low to truly have an impact.", 'start': 6931.527, 'duration': 8.122}, {'end': 6943.12, 'text': 'right right, very out of hundreds of volunteers over the years,', 'start': 6940.379, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 6951.865, 'text': "we've only seen a couple of people where there was a mild effect of the of the 30 milligrams, and who knows that person's their serotonins.", 'start': 6943.12, 'duration': 8.745}, {'end': 6958.248, 'text': "they might have lesser density of serotonin 2a receptors, or something we don't know, but it's extremely rare for most people.", 'start': 6951.865, 'duration': 6.383}], 'summary': 'Study found 30mg dose had mild effect in a rare few among hundreds of volunteers.', 'duration': 26.721, 'max_score': 6931.527, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6931527.jpg'}, {'end': 7017.846, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6993.047, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6999.173, 'text': 'but he was also referring to the psychedelic effects of edible marijuana, which is, is there.', 'start': 6993.047, 'duration': 6.126}, {'end': 7006.46, 'text': 'is there, uh, rules on uh dosage for um, uh, like marijuana?', 'start': 6999.173, 'duration': 7.287}, {'end': 7009.282, 'text': "is there limits like what places where it's?", 'start': 7006.46, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 7010.544, 'text': 'this is this all goes.', 'start': 7009.282, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 7017.846, 'text': "it probably is state by state, right It is, but they've gone that direction and states that didn't initially have these rules, now have them.", 'start': 7010.544, 'duration': 7.302}], 'summary': 'Discussion on dosage limits for edible marijuana varies state by state.', 'duration': 24.799, 'max_score': 6993.047, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6993047.jpg'}, {'end': 7239.559, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7214.826, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7221.857, 'text': 'typically of the cognitive behavioral therapy, just stuff like Before you quit, we assign a target quit date ahead of time.', 'start': 7214.826, 'duration': 7.031}, {'end': 7224.041, 'text': "You're not just quitting on the fly.", 'start': 7222.779, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 7229.429, 'text': 'And that happens to be the target quit date in our study was the day where they got the first psilocybin dose.', 'start': 7224.061, 'duration': 5.368}, {'end': 7235.796, 'text': 'But doing things like keeping a smoking diary like okay during the three weeks until you quit, Every time you smoke a cigarette,', 'start': 7229.85, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 7239.559, 'text': "just like jot down what you're doing, what you're feeling, what situation, that type of thing.", 'start': 7235.796, 'duration': 3.763}], 'summary': 'Cognitive behavioral therapy set target quit date before psilocybin dose, tracked smoking in diary.', 'duration': 24.733, 'max_score': 7214.826, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y7214826.jpg'}, {'end': 7285.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7256.754, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7260.055, 'text': 'full on relapse, you know, just kind of treat it as a learning experience, that type of thing.', 'start': 7256.754, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 7267.517, 'text': 'Then you have the session day where they come in five minutes of questionnaires,', 'start': 7260.375, 'duration': 7.142}, {'end': 7273.459, 'text': 'but pretty much they jump into the we touch base with them and we give them the capsule.', 'start': 7267.517, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 7276.84, 'text': "It's a serious setting, but you know, a comfortable one.", 'start': 7273.959, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 7280.662, 'text': "They're in a room that looks more like a living room than like a research lab.", 'start': 7277.461, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 7285.003, 'text': 'We measure their blood pressure than any experience, but kind of minimal kind of medical vibe to it.', 'start': 7281.142, 'duration': 3.861}], 'summary': 'Relapse learning experience, comfortable setting, minimal medical vibe', 'duration': 28.249, 'max_score': 7256.754, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y7256754.jpg'}, {'end': 7765.912, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 7601.027, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7609.851, 'text': "And again, something that they wouldn't or shouldn't do if someone were to theoretically use it in a social setting.", 'start': 7601.027, 'duration': 8.824}, {'end': 7614.413, 'text': 'And also these other things, like even that you get in those social settings of like yeah,', 'start': 7610.191, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 7617.915, 'text': "you don't have to worry about your wallet for being taken advantage,", 'start': 7614.413, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 7623.637, 'text': "or especially for a woman sexually assaulted by some creep at a concert or something because they're laying down.", 'start': 7617.915, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 7631.32, 'text': "There's like a million sources of anxiety that are external versus internal.", 'start': 7625.478, 'duration': 5.842}, {'end': 7635.942, 'text': "So you can just focus on your own, like the beautiful thing that's going on in your mind.", 'start': 7631.4, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 7644.044, 'text': "And even the cops at that layer, even though it's extremely unlikely for most people that cops would come in and bust them right when like,", 'start': 7636.482, 'duration': 7.562}, {'end': 7648.686, 'text': 'even at that theoretical like that, one in a billion chance like that might be a real thing psychologically.', 'start': 7644.044, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 7650.147, 'text': 'in this context.', 'start': 7649.446, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 7651.447, 'text': 'we even got that covered.', 'start': 7650.147, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 7653.108, 'text': "this is we've got dea approval.", 'start': 7651.447, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 7656.591, 'text': 'yeah, like you are, this is okay by every level of society.', 'start': 7653.108, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 7658.092, 'text': 'yeah, that counts.', 'start': 7656.591, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 7660.053, 'text': 'you know that has the authority.', 'start': 7658.092, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 7660.994, 'text': "so it's.", 'start': 7660.053, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 7662.595, 'text': 'so go deep, trustee.', 'start': 7660.994, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 7665.276, 'text': 'you know, trust the setting, trust yourself.', 'start': 7662.595, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 7668.058, 'text': 'um, you know, let go and be open.', 'start': 7665.276, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 7674.803, 'text': "so, in the experience, and this is all subjective and by analogy, but like If there's a door open it, go into it.", 'start': 7668.058, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 7679.487, 'text': "If there's a stairwell, go down it or a stairway, go up it.", 'start': 7675.043, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 7687.815, 'text': "If there's a monster in the mind's eye, you know, don't run, approach it, look it in the eye and say, you know, let's talk.", 'start': 7680.048, 'duration': 7.767}, {'end': 7688.055, 'text': 'Greet it.', 'start': 7687.835, 'duration': 0.22}, {'end': 7694.181, 'text': "Yeah What's up? What are you doing here? Let's talk turkey, you know? David Goggins entered the chat.", 'start': 7688.696, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 7697.483, 'text': 'Okay, right, it really is that it that really is a heart.', 'start': 7694.241, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7700.946, 'text': 'a heart of it is this radical courage like it courage.', 'start': 7697.483, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 7704.108, 'text': 'people are often struck by that coming out like this is heavy lifting.', 'start': 7700.946, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 7705.509, 'text': 'this is hard work.', 'start': 7704.108, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 7708.711, 'text': "people come out of this exhausted and it's.", 'start': 7705.509, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 7710.252, 'text': 'it can be extremely.', 'start': 7708.711, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 7718.658, 'text': "some people say it's the most difficult thing they've done in their life, like choosing to let go on a moment, a microsecond by microsecond basis.", 'start': 7710.252, 'duration': 8.406}, {'end': 7724.362, 'text': 'everything in their inclination is to is to say stop, sometimes stop this.', 'start': 7719.799, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 7725.022, 'text': "i don't like this.", 'start': 7724.362, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 7726.323, 'text': "i didn't know it was going to be like this.", 'start': 7725.022, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 7729.865, 'text': 'this is too much, and terence mckenna put it this way.', 'start': 7726.323, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 7732.727, 'text': "it's like comparing to meditation and other techniques.", 'start': 7729.865, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 7737.53, 'text': "it's like spending years push, trying to press the accelerator to make something happen.", 'start': 7732.727, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 7745.575, 'text': "high dose psychedelics is like you're speeding down the the mountain in a fully loaded semi truck and you're you're charged with not slamming the brake.", 'start': 7737.53, 'duration': 8.045}, {'end': 7748.898, 'text': "It's like let it happen.", 'start': 7746.556, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 7758.786, 'text': "So it's very difficult and to engage, always go further into it and take that radical courage throughout.", 'start': 7749.859, 'duration': 8.927}, {'end': 7765.912, 'text': 'What do they say in self-report, if you can put general words to it, what is their experience like?', 'start': 7759.266, 'duration': 6.646}], 'summary': 'High-dose psychedelics require radical courage, resulting in exhausting but transformative experiences, approved by dea.', 'duration': 28.382, 'max_score': 7601.027, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y7601027.jpg'}], 'start': 6380.786, 'title': 'Impact of uber, drug use, and psychedelic therapy', 'summary': "Covers the impact of uber on drunk driving, influence of drugs on risky behavior, psilocybin therapy for smoking cessation with 80% success rate, a study on psychedelic doses for smoking cessation, and the profound impact of high dose psychedelic experiences on individuals' sense of self and relationships.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6930.086, 'start': 6380.786, 'title': 'Impact of uber and drug use on decision-making', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of uber's availability on drunk driving, the influence of different drugs on risky sexual behavior, and the success of using psilocybin to help people quit smoking, with a trial showing an 80% long-term success rate.", 'duration': 549.3, 'highlights': ['Psilocybin trial shows 80% long-term success rate in helping people quit smoking. The study using psilocybin to help people quit smoking demonstrated an extremely high long-term success rate of 80% at six months per smoke-free, showing promising results for behavior change.', "Impact of Uber's availability on reducing drunk driving decisions. Uber's availability has significantly helped in reducing drunk driving decisions by providing a convenient and safe alternative, particularly evident in areas where Uber was temporarily outlawed, resulting in a lack of cheap alternatives for drunk individuals.", 'Influence of different drugs on risky sexual behavior. The chapter highlights the influence of stimulants like cocaine and meth on risky sexual behavior by increasing the rewarding value of sex, while alcohol primarily works through disinhibition and reducing sensitivity to consequences.']}, {'end': 7171.723, 'start': 6931.527, 'title': 'Psychedelic dose study', 'summary': 'Discusses a study involving 15 participants exploring psychedelic doses, with a focus on marijuana edibles, where the recruitment was based on those seeking to quit smoking, and the average participant having little interest in psychedelics.', 'duration': 240.196, 'highlights': ['The study involved 15 participants exploring psychedelic doses, with a focus on marijuana edibles and recruitment based on those seeking to quit smoking, and the average participant having little interest in psychedelics.', 'The dosage of 30 milligrams had a mild effect on a couple of volunteers, suggesting potential variations in serotonin 2a receptors or tolerance levels among individuals.', 'The evolution of rules around marijuana edibles has led to limits on dosage, with common doses ranging from 5 to 10 milligrams of THC, aiming to prevent adverse effects, especially for occasional users.', 'Regular cannabis users may require higher doses, such as 30 to 50 milligrams, due to tolerance, while occasional users could experience strong effects with just 5 milligrams.', 'The recruitment for the study mainly targeted individuals seeking to quit smoking, rather than those with a strong interest in psychedelics, offering a more realistic model for potential future medicinal use.']}, {'end': 7700.946, 'start': 7174.244, 'title': 'Psilocybin therapy for smoking cessation', 'summary': 'Highlights the preparation process for psilocybin therapy, including cognitive behavioral techniques for smoking cessation, the session day protocol, and the emotional and intellectual approach for letting go into the experience, emphasizing trust, openness, and courage.', 'duration': 526.702, 'highlights': ['The preparation process includes cognitive behavioral techniques for smoking cessation, such as setting a target quit date, keeping a smoking diary, and discussing the pluses and minuses of smoking, aiming to help individuals quit smoking before the first psilocybin dose.', 'The session day protocol involves a serious yet comfortable setting, with minimal medical vibe, classical music played through headphones, and laying on a couch during the introspective five to six-hour experience, with a trend indicating that a novel playlist may have a slightly better effect on the subjective experience and long-term smoking cessation.', 'The emotional and intellectual approach for letting go into the experience emphasizes trust in the guides and the safe institutional context, allowing emotional expression without judgment, prioritizing the depth of the experience over appearance, and encouraging radical courage to face internal experiences during the psilocybin therapy.']}, {'end': 8073.157, 'start': 7700.946, 'title': 'Psychedelic experiences', 'summary': "Explores the challenging yet transformative nature of high dose psychedelic experiences, highlighting their variability, perceptual, psychodynamic, symbolic, and mystical levels, and the profound impact on individuals' sense of self and their relationships.", 'duration': 372.211, 'highlights': ["Individuals describe high dose psychedelic experiences as profoundly challenging and transformative, with some considering it to be the most difficult thing they've done in their life. The difficulty and transformative nature of high dose psychedelic experiences are highlighted, with individuals expressing it as the most challenging aspect of their lives.", 'High dose psychedelics are characterized by extreme variability, ranging from hellish to beautiful and loving experiences, often occurring within minutes of each other. The extreme variability of high dose psychedelic experiences, ranging from negative to positive emotions, is emphasized, showcasing the rapid shifts individuals may undergo.', "The experiences encompass perceptual, psychodynamic, symbolic, and mystical levels, with profound impacts on individuals' sense of self, their relationships, and their understanding of reality. The multi-level nature of high dose psychedelic experiences is highlighted, showcasing the profound impacts on individuals' perception, relationships, and understanding of reality."]}], 'duration': 1692.371, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y6380786.jpg', 'highlights': ['Psilocybin trial shows 80% long-term success rate in helping people quit smoking.', "Uber's availability significantly helped in reducing drunk driving decisions.", 'Influence of stimulants like cocaine and meth on risky sexual behavior.', 'The study involved 15 participants exploring psychedelic doses.', 'The dosage of 30 milligrams had a mild effect on a couple of volunteers.', 'Evolution of rules around marijuana edibles has led to limits on dosage.', 'Preparation process includes cognitive behavioral techniques for smoking cessation.', 'The session day protocol involves a serious yet comfortable setting.', 'Individuals describe high dose psychedelic experiences as profoundly challenging and transformative.', 'High dose psychedelics are characterized by extreme variability.']}, {'end': 9904.095, 'segs': [{'end': 8213.861, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8188.612, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8196.954, 'text': "So it's randomizing 80 people to get either one psilocybin session, when we've scaled that down from three to one,", 'start': 8188.612, 'duration': 8.342}, {'end': 8204.016, 'text': "mainly because we're doing fMRI neuroimaging before and after, and it made it more experimentally complex to have multiple sessions.", 'start': 8196.954, 'duration': 7.062}, {'end': 8213.861, 'text': 'But one psilocybin session versus, uh, the nicotine patch using the the fda approved label, like standard use of the nicotine patch.', 'start': 8205.075, 'duration': 8.786}], 'summary': 'Study randomizes 80 people to one psilocybin session or nicotine patch for fmri neuroimaging.', 'duration': 25.249, 'max_score': 8188.612, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8188612.jpg'}, {'end': 8281.357, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8256.237, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8263.388, 'text': "For the psilocybin group, it's 59% have been biologically confirmed as smoke-free at one year after their quit date.", 'start': 8256.237, 'duration': 7.151}, {'end': 8272.379, 'text': 'And that compares to 27% for the nicotine patch, which by the way is extremely good for the nicotine patch compared to previous research.', 'start': 8264.029, 'duration': 8.35}, {'end': 8281.357, 'text': "results could change because it's ongoing, but we're mostly done and it's still looking extremely positive.", 'start': 8274.472, 'duration': 6.885}], 'summary': '59% psilocybin group smoke-free at 1 year, compared to 27% for nicotine patch', 'duration': 25.12, 'max_score': 8256.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8256236.jpg'}, {'end': 8372.075, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8348.125, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8355.748, 'text': 'Of the study or of, yeah, which website? So we have all of our psilocybin studies.', 'start': 8348.125, 'duration': 7.623}, {'end': 8363.151, 'text': 'So everything we have is up on one website, and then we link to the different study websites, but hopkinspsychedelic.org.', 'start': 8355.768, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 8366.152, 'text': 'so everything we do.', 'start': 8364.571, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 8372.075, 'text': "or if you don't remember that, just you know, go to your favorite search engine and look up johns hopkins, psychedelic,", 'start': 8366.152, 'duration': 5.923}], 'summary': "Johns hopkins' psilocybin studies are accessible on hopkinspsychedelic.org.", 'duration': 23.95, 'max_score': 8348.125, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8348125.jpg'}, {'end': 8514.107, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8490.854, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8500.258, 'text': "And there's the heartbreaking aspect is you only have so many hours in the day to have deep, meaningful conversations with human beings on this earth.", 'start': 8490.854, 'duration': 9.404}, {'end': 8502.499, 'text': 'And so you have to select who they are.', 'start': 8500.878, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 8505.581, 'text': "And usually it's your family, it's people like you're directly working with.", 'start': 8502.539, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 8514.107, 'text': 'And even I guarantee you with this conversation, people will write you long, very thoughtful emails.', 'start': 8506.442, 'duration': 7.665}], 'summary': 'Limited time for deep conversations, prioritize family and close colleagues.', 'duration': 23.253, 'max_score': 8490.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8490854.jpg'}, {'end': 8860.636, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8828.483, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8833.167, 'text': "And they're doing that by tinkering with the same machinery that's going on up there.", 'start': 8828.483, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 8845.043, 'text': "My assumption, and I think it's a good assumption, is that there's a biological side to all phenomenal experience.", 'start': 8835.054, 'duration': 9.989}, {'end': 8858.354, 'text': "The divide between biology and experience or psychology, it's not one or the other.", 'start': 8846.344, 'duration': 12.01}, {'end': 8860.636, 'text': 'These are just two sides of the same coin.', 'start': 8858.414, 'duration': 2.222}], 'summary': 'Tinkering with machinery to understand biological side of experiences.', 'duration': 32.153, 'max_score': 8828.483, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8828483.jpg'}, {'end': 9178.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9125.776, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9130.179, 'text': 'How did we slightly alter serotonergic neurotransmission?', 'start': 9125.776, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 9138.484, 'text': "And this person is now saying that they're making fundamental differences in the priorities of their life after 60 years.", 'start': 9130.199, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 9148.47, 'text': "It also just fills you with awe of the possibility of experiences we're yet to have uncovered.", 'start': 9139.904, 'duration': 8.566}, {'end': 9155.175, 'text': "If just a few chemicals can change so much, it's like man.", 'start': 9148.53, 'duration': 6.645}, {'end': 9156.556, 'text': 'what if this could be?', 'start': 9155.175, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 9160.879, 'text': "I mean like, because we're just like took a little.", 'start': 9156.556, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 9166.543, 'text': "it's like lighting a match or something in the darkness, and you could see there's a lot more there, but you don't know how much more.", 'start': 9160.879, 'duration': 5.664}, {'end': 9170.947, 'text': "And that's- And then like, where's that gonna go with like?", 'start': 9166.563, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 9178.673, 'text': "I mean I'm always like, aware of the fact that, like we, always, as humans and as scientists, think that we figured out 99% and we're working on that.", 'start': 9170.947, 'duration': 7.726}], 'summary': 'Altering serotonergic neurotransmission prompts profound life changes and inspires awe about unexplored experiences.', 'duration': 52.897, 'max_score': 9125.776, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9125776.jpg'}, {'end': 9317.756, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9290.963, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 9299.025, 'text': "where most of people's experiences may be going into these internal worlds.", 'start': 9290.963, 'duration': 8.062}, {'end': 9303.806, 'text': 'Maybe through a combination of these techniques,', 'start': 9299.445, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 9309.65, 'text': "you create experiences where someone could live a thousand years in terms of maybe they're living a regular lifespan,", 'start': 9303.806, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 9313.113, 'text': "but over the next two seconds you're living 1,000 years worth of experience.", 'start': 9309.65, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 9314.654, 'text': 'Inside your mind.', 'start': 9313.393, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 9317.756, 'text': 'Yeah, through this manipulation of the..', 'start': 9314.714, 'duration': 3.042}], 'summary': 'Techniques can create experiences where living 1,000 years in 2 seconds inside the mind.', 'duration': 26.793, 'max_score': 9290.963, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9290963.jpg'}, {'end': 9414.44, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9382.622, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 9384.543, 'text': 'what are your thoughts about Neuralink??', 'start': 9382.622, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 9392.066, 'text': 'What are your hopes as a researcher of mind-altering devices, systems, chemicals?', 'start': 9385.243, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 9396.208, 'text': "guess, broadly speaking, i'm all for it.", 'start': 9393.726, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 9400.471, 'text': 'i mean for the same reason, i am with psychedelics, but it comes with all the caveats.', 'start': 9396.208, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 9406.174, 'text': "you know, you're going into a brave new world where it's like all of a sudden there's going to be a dark side.", 'start': 9400.471, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 9414.44, 'text': "there's going to be, you know that, serious ethical considerations, but that that should not stop us from from moving.", 'start': 9406.174, 'duration': 8.266}], 'summary': 'Researcher supports neuralink, acknowledges ethical considerations.', 'duration': 31.818, 'max_score': 9382.622, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9382622.jpg'}, {'end': 9527.303, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9503.092, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 9508.981, 'text': "Having people understand what you're saying and then being belittled by oversimplifying something in terms of the public message.", 'start': 9503.092, 'duration': 5.889}, {'end': 9519, 'text': "So I'm extremely sympathetic and I'm a big fan of like what that you know, what Elon Musk does like, tunnels through the ground and SpaceX,", 'start': 9510.117, 'duration': 8.883}, {'end': 9520.521, 'text': 'and all this is like hell yeah.', 'start': 9519, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 9523.622, 'text': 'Like this guy has some great ideas.', 'start': 9520.561, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 9525.102, 'text': "And there's something to be said.", 'start': 9523.802, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 9527.303, 'text': "It's not just the communication to the public.", 'start': 9525.142, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': "Supportive of elon musk's ideas, emphasizing public communication challenges.", 'duration': 24.211, 'max_score': 9503.092, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9503092.jpg'}, {'end': 9652.866, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9630.614, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 9639.898, 'text': 'The hilarious thing about the quote unquote ridiculous things that Elon Musk is saying is they have a pretty good shot at being true in 20 years.', 'start': 9630.614, 'duration': 9.284}, {'end': 9642.74, 'text': 'And so like when you just look at the, you know,', 'start': 9640.579, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 9652.866, 'text': 'When you look at the progression of these kinds of predictions and sometimes first principles thinking can allow you to do that is,', 'start': 9644.3, 'duration': 8.566}], 'summary': "Elon musk's 'ridiculous' ideas may become reality in 20 years.", 'duration': 22.252, 'max_score': 9630.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9630614.jpg'}, {'end': 9907.358, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9879.236, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 9881.817, 'text': 'Some models are going to work better than others.', 'start': 9879.236, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 9889.56, 'text': 'Newtonian physics got us a long ways even if there was a better model waiting.', 'start': 9882.317, 'duration': 7.243}, {'end': 9893.482, 'text': 'And some models were never that successful.', 'start': 9889.62, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 9897.264, 'text': "but just even putting them out there and testing we wouldn't know.", 'start': 9893.482, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 9900.025, 'text': 'something is a bad model until someone puts it out anyway.', 'start': 9897.264, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 9904.095, 'text': 'Yeah Diversity of ideas is essential for progress, yeah.', 'start': 9900.085, 'duration': 4.01}, {'end': 9907.358, 'text': 'So we brought up consciousness a few times.', 'start': 9905.196, 'duration': 2.162}], 'summary': 'Diverse models essential for progress. newtonian physics notable. consciousness mentioned.', 'duration': 28.122, 'max_score': 9879.236, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9879236.jpg'}], 'start': 8074.077, 'title': 'Psychedelic research and its impact', 'summary': "Explores the impact of psilocybin on smoking cessation with an 80% success rate at six months, participation in psychedelic research studies, insights gained from psychedelic studies, and the potential of mind-altering technology with ethical considerations and applications for treating neurological disorders, along with a focus on elon musk's unconventional ideas.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8281.357, 'start': 8074.077, 'title': 'Psilocybin for smoking cessation study', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of psilocybin on smoking cessation, highlighting a pilot study with a success rate of 80% biologically confirmed abstinence at six months and 59% at one year, surpassing the standard nicotine patch success rate of 27%.', 'duration': 207.28, 'highlights': ['In a pilot study on tobacco addiction, the success rates for psilocybin were 80% biologically confirmed successful at six months and 59% biologically confirmed abstinent at one year, surpassing the nicotine patch success rate of 27%.', 'The study involved a randomized trial with 40 people receiving psilocybin and 40 people receiving the nicotine patch, with the psilocybin group showing extremely high success rates of 59% biologically confirmed as smoke-free at one year.', 'The pilot study revealed that three doses of psilocybin over a 15-week period, with mainly one weekly meeting and three sessions, resulted in higher success rates compared to standard smoking cessation methods, such as the nicotine patch and cognitive behavioral therapy.', 'The positive results from the pilot study led to the initiation of a larger randomized controlled trial, randomizing 80 people to receive either one psilocybin session or the nicotine patch, showing promising success rates in the ongoing study.']}, {'end': 8738.138, 'start': 8281.357, 'title': 'Psychedelic research and study participation', 'summary': 'Discusses the process for participating in psychedelic research studies, including how to contact the researchers and the challenges of managing communication due to high interest and limited time, with a particular focus on seeking postdocs for research positions.', 'duration': 456.781, 'highlights': ['The best way to participate in a study is to visit the website for the specific study or go to the Hopkins Psychedelic website, which contains links to all their studies. None', "Interested individuals can also explore psychedelic research at other universities by checking clinicaltrials.gov and looking up 'psilocybin'. None", 'Managing communication is challenging due to a high volume of emails and limited time, especially with a focus on responding to colleagues, mentees, and study applicants. Limited time, high volume of emails', 'Seeking postdocs for research positions, the speaker is open to receiving emails and contacts, but also prefers a more structured form for applicants to indicate their passion and willingness to work hard. Seeking postdocs, preference for a structured form for applicants']}, {'end': 9196.948, 'start': 8738.138, 'title': 'Psychedelic studies and human mind', 'summary': 'Discusses the insights gained from psychedelic studies, highlighting the profound impact on human perception and behavior, as well as the implications for understanding the biological basis of consciousness and the limitations of scientific knowledge.', 'duration': 458.81, 'highlights': ["Psychedelics' profound impact on human perception and behavior Psychedelics have been observed to fundamentally change individuals' life priorities and perceptions, leading to significant behavioral and existential shifts.", 'Implications for understanding the biological basis of consciousness The discussion emphasizes the biological underpinnings of all psychological events, suggesting a strong correlation between consciousness and biological processes, challenging traditional views of consciousness.', 'Limitations of scientific knowledge in understanding the mind The chapter underscores the humility required in acknowledging the vast unknowns about the human mind, cautioning against overestimating scientific understanding and emphasizing the potential for future discoveries.']}, {'end': 9469.1, 'start': 9198.752, 'title': 'Future of mind-altering technology', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of combining technology, magnetic stimulation, targeted pharmacology, and virtual reality to create internal worlds where people could live a thousand years worth of experience in two seconds, as well as the ethical considerations and potential applications for treating neurological disorders.', 'duration': 270.348, 'highlights': ["The potential of creating internal worlds where people could live a thousand years worth of experience in two seconds through a combination of technology, magnetic stimulation, targeted pharmacology, and virtual reality. The speaker discusses the possibility of using a combination of technology, magnetic stimulation, targeted pharmacology, and virtual reality to create experiences where someone could live a thousand years in terms of maybe they're living a regular lifespan, but over the next two seconds, they're living 1,000 years worth of experience inside their mind.", 'Ethical considerations and potential applications for treating neurological disorders in the short term using mind-altering devices and systems. The speaker expresses support for using mind-altering devices and systems to help treat neurological disorders, highlighting the ethical considerations and the potential applications in the short term.', 'Discussion on Neuralink and brain-computer interfaces as a way of altering the behavior of the brain, similar to the effects of psychedelics. The conversation touches upon the parallels between Neuralink and brain-computer interfaces in altering the behavior of the brain and the effects of psychedelics, emphasizing the appeal and ethical considerations of such technology.']}, {'end': 9904.095, 'start': 9469.26, 'title': "Elon musk's unconventional ideas", 'summary': 'Discusses the unconventional and controversial ideas of elon musk, focusing on his first principles thinking, the potential impact of his innovations on technology, and the importance of variability and diversity of ideas in scientific progress.', 'duration': 434.835, 'highlights': ["Elon Musk's unconventional ideas, such as dismissing the need for human considerations in autonomous vehicles and prioritizing neural networks over LIDAR, have sparked controversy and criticism from various scientific communities. Elon Musk's controversial statements on autonomous vehicles and neural networks have sparked criticism from robotics, human factors, and AI communities.", "Despite facing criticism, Musk's unconventional ideas may have a good chance of becoming true in 20 years, demonstrating the potential long-term impact of his innovations on technology. Musk's seemingly outlandish ideas may have a good chance of becoming true in the long term, reflecting the potential impact of his innovations on technology.", 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of variability and diversity of ideas in scientific progress, drawing parallels to natural selection and the need for empirically driven approaches in innovation. The chapter highlights the importance of variability and diversity of ideas in scientific progress, drawing parallels to natural selection and the need for empirically driven approaches in innovation.']}], 'duration': 1830.018, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y8074077.jpg', 'highlights': ['Psilocybin pilot study achieved 80% success rate at six months, surpassing nicotine patch', 'Psilocybin group showed 59% success rate at one year, surpassing standard methods', "Psilocybin's success led to larger randomized controlled trial with promising results", 'Explore psychedelic research studies at Hopkins Psychedelic website or clinicaltrials.gov', 'Challenges in managing communication due to high volume of emails and limited time', 'Psychedelics observed to fundamentally change life priorities and perceptions', 'Discussion emphasizes biological basis of consciousness and challenges traditional views', 'Chapter underscores humility required in acknowledging vast unknowns about the human mind', 'Potential of creating internal worlds using technology, magnetic stimulation, and virtual reality', 'Support for using mind-altering devices to treat neurological disorders with ethical considerations', 'Discussion on Neuralink and brain-computer interfaces altering brain behavior', "Elon Musk's unconventional ideas have sparked controversy and criticism", "Musk's unconventional ideas may have a good chance of becoming true in 20 years", 'Importance of variability and diversity of ideas in scientific progress']}, {'end': 12888.62, 'segs': [{'end': 9934.18, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9905.196, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9907.358, 'text': 'So we brought up consciousness a few times.', 'start': 9905.196, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 9911.083, 'text': "There's several things I want to kind of disentangle there.", 'start': 9907.819, 'duration': 3.264}, {'end': 9917.81, 'text': 'So one, you recently wrote a paper titled Consciousness, Religion, and Gurus, Pitfalls of Psychedelic Medicine.', 'start': 9911.103, 'duration': 6.707}, {'end': 9920.433, 'text': "So that's one side of it.", 'start': 9919.332, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 9931.438, 'text': "You've kind of already mentioned that these terms can be a little bit misused or used in a variety of ways that they can be confusing.", 'start': 9920.493, 'duration': 10.945}, {'end': 9934.18, 'text': 'But in a specific way.', 'start': 9932.499, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'Discussion on consciousness, psychedelics, and religious implications.', 'duration': 28.984, 'max_score': 9905.196, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9905196.jpg'}, {'end': 10075.666, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10042.947, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10047.431, 'text': 'It strikes me that explaining just the existence of phenomenal consciousness is a problem.', 'start': 10042.947, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 10054.557, 'text': "So anyway, I very much keep that divide in mind when I talk about these things what we can really say about what we've learned through science,", 'start': 10047.471, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 10062.324, 'text': 'including by psychedelics, versus, like what I can speculate on in terms of the nature of reality and consciousness.', 'start': 10054.557, 'duration': 7.767}, {'end': 10075.666, 'text': 'But in terms of, by and large skeptically, i have to say, psychedelics have not really taught us anything about the nature of consciousness.', 'start': 10062.764, 'duration': 12.902}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics have not taught us about consciousness, according to the speaker.', 'duration': 32.719, 'max_score': 10042.947, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y10042947.jpg'}, {'end': 10146, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10115.048, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10119.37, 'text': "but i i think there's far more potential like.", 'start': 10115.048, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 10128.335, 'text': 'but So one story that unfolded is that psychedelics acutely have effects on the default mode network,', 'start': 10119.37, 'duration': 8.965}, {'end': 10135.837, 'text': 'a certain pattern of activation amongst a subset of brain areas that is associated with self-referential processing.', 'start': 10128.335, 'duration': 7.502}, {'end': 10138.238, 'text': 'It seems to be more active, more communication-based.', 'start': 10135.857, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 10146, 'text': 'between these areas, like the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, for example,', 'start': 10138.638, 'duration': 7.362}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics have acute effects on the default mode network, leading to increased activity and communication among specific brain areas.', 'duration': 30.952, 'max_score': 10115.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y10115048.jpg'}, {'end': 10456.007, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10421.947, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10431.054, 'text': "I've before said that there's no difference between the appearance and the actual existence of consciousness or intelligence, or any of that.", 'start': 10421.947, 'duration': 9.107}, {'end': 10443.538, 'text': "What I really mean is, the more the appearance starts to look like the thing, the more there's this area where it's like.", 'start': 10431.715, 'duration': 11.823}, {'end': 10456.007, 'text': "I don't think our whole idea of what is real and what is just an illusion is not the right way to think about it.", 'start': 10443.538, 'duration': 12.469}], 'summary': 'No difference between appearance and existence of consciousness or intelligence, our idea of reality may not be accurate.', 'duration': 34.06, 'max_score': 10421.947, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y10421947.jpg'}, {'end': 10712.861, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10680.248, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 10682.21, 'text': "It's about being an empiricist in my view.", 'start': 10680.248, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 10688.959, 'text': "And so, for example, I'm very fascinated by the so-called psi phenomenon, you know, like stuff that people just kind of reject out of hand.", 'start': 10682.751, 'duration': 6.208}, {'end': 10699.052, 'text': 'You know, I kind of orient towards that stuff with an idea of, you know, hey, look, you know, what we consider like anything exists is natural.', 'start': 10690.481, 'duration': 8.571}, {'end': 10700.493, 'text': 'and so.', 'start': 10699.933, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 10708.018, 'text': 'but the boundary of what, what, what we observe in nature, like what we recognize as in nature, moves like what we do today.', 'start': 10700.493, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 10712.861, 'text': 'and what we know today would only be described as magic 500 years ago, or even 100 years ago some of it.', 'start': 10708.018, 'duration': 4.843}], 'summary': "Fascinated by the psi phenomenon, challenges boundaries of natural existence and perspectives on nature's recognition.", 'duration': 32.613, 'max_score': 10680.248, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y10680248.jpg'}, {'end': 11055.294, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11035.307, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 11046.989, 'text': "because, although certainly, If there is some underlying fundamental consciousness, it's clearly being processed in this way, through computation,", 'start': 11035.307, 'duration': 11.682}, {'end': 11051.352, 'text': 'in terms of resulting in our experience and the experience, presumably, of other animals.', 'start': 11046.989, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 11055.294, 'text': "But the reason I would bet on panpsychism is to me Occam's razor.", 'start': 11051.392, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': "Panpsychism bet based on occam's razor for processing consciousness through computation.", 'duration': 19.987, 'max_score': 11035.307, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y11035307.jpg'}, {'end': 11193.467, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11164.828, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 11176.239, 'text': "That's the basic force behind everything that's happening in the universe is from simple things, complex phenomena can happen.", 'start': 11164.828, 'duration': 11.411}, {'end': 11184.383, 'text': "And the thing that gives me pause is that I'm concerned about a threshold there.", 'start': 11176.58, 'duration': 7.803}, {'end': 11186.244, 'text': 'How is it likely that..', 'start': 11185.224, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 11193.467, 'text': "Now there may be, and there may be some qualitative shift that in the realm of we don't even understand complexity yet, like you're saying.", 'start': 11186.244, 'duration': 7.223}], 'summary': 'Complex phenomena arise from simple things in the universe, raising concerns about an unknown threshold and qualitative shifts.', 'duration': 28.639, 'max_score': 11164.828, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y11164828.jpg'}, {'end': 11480.161, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11448.528, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 11458.953, 'text': "Well, can you get some information that's verifiable, like information about some other planet or some aspect some?", 'start': 11448.528, 'duration': 10.425}, {'end': 11463.458, 'text': 'gosh, it would be an interesting range.', 'start': 11461.878, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 11468.899, 'text': "but what range of discovery that we can anticipate we're going to know within um?", 'start': 11463.458, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 11470.119, 'text': 'you know whatever.', 'start': 11468.899, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 11480.161, 'text': 'a few years next, 5, 10, 20 years and seeing if you can get that, predict that information now and then over time it might be verified.', 'start': 11470.119, 'duration': 10.042}], 'summary': 'Anticipate and predict verifiable information about other planets within the next few years.', 'duration': 31.633, 'max_score': 11448.528, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y11448528.jpg'}, {'end': 12102.64, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12075.394, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 12083.277, 'text': "But these existential threats, I think the only real guarantee that we're gonna get another you name it thousand million,", 'start': 12075.394, 'duration': 7.883}, {'end': 12086.885, 'text': 'whatever years is like diversity.', 'start': 12083.277, 'duration': 3.608}, {'end': 12090.649, 'text': 'diversify our portfolio, get off the planet.', 'start': 12086.885, 'duration': 3.764}, {'end': 12092.21, 'text': "Don't leave this one.", 'start': 12091.429, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 12102.64, 'text': "hopefully we keep, but like and I, it's like either we're gonna get snuffed out like really quickly or we're gonna like,", 'start': 12092.21, 'duration': 10.43}], 'summary': 'Diversify to ensure survival for thousands of years.', 'duration': 27.246, 'max_score': 12075.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y12075394.jpg'}, {'end': 12303.565, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12274.198, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 12280.155, 'text': "Even the deeper terror is like, Like, this thing doesn't last forever.", 'start': 12274.198, 'duration': 5.957}, {'end': 12283.396, 'text': "Like, I think, I don't know.", 'start': 12281.335, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 12295, 'text': "Like, it's hard to put the right words to it, but it feels like that's not truly acknowledged by us, by each of us.", 'start': 12284.976, 'duration': 10.024}, {'end': 12303.565, 'text': 'yeah, i think this is the i mean getting back to the psychedelics, in terms of the people in our work with cancer patients who, um,', 'start': 12295.72, 'duration': 7.845}], 'summary': 'Deeper terror is not truly acknowledged, impacting cancer patients.', 'duration': 29.367, 'max_score': 12274.198, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y12274198.jpg'}, {'end': 12543.402, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12515.853, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 12524.328, 'text': "and it's just like you have to have a and you just feel lucky to be part of that process that people trust you to let their guards down like that, um,", 'start': 12515.853, 'duration': 8.475}, {'end': 12531.731, 'text': 'I think the meaning of life is defined, meaning.', 'start': 12527.206, 'duration': 4.525}, {'end': 12535.715, 'text': 'Actually, I think I just described it a minute ago.', 'start': 12531.751, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 12537.897, 'text': "It's like that transcendence of everything.", 'start': 12535.795, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 12543.402, 'text': "It's the beauty despite the absolute ugliness.", 'start': 12538.157, 'duration': 5.245}], 'summary': "Life's meaning is transcendence and beauty despite ugliness.", 'duration': 27.549, 'max_score': 12515.853, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y12515853.jpg'}, {'end': 12797.47, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12773.072, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 12781.6, 'text': 'Yeah, this country is a great example of that, but most of the human experience has a beauty to it, even the suffering.', 'start': 12773.072, 'duration': 8.528}, {'end': 12787.323, 'text': 'Right So the meaning is choosing to focus on that positivity and not forget it.', 'start': 12782.199, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 12788.304, 'text': 'Beautifully put.', 'start': 12787.623, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 12795.829, 'text': 'Speaking of experiences, this was one of my favorite experiences on this podcast talking to you today, Matthew.', 'start': 12788.844, 'duration': 6.985}, {'end': 12797.47, 'text': 'I hope we get a chance to talk again.', 'start': 12795.849, 'duration': 1.621}], 'summary': 'Focus on positivity in human experience, a favorite podcast experience with matthew.', 'duration': 24.398, 'max_score': 12773.072, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y12773072.jpg'}], 'start': 9905.196, 'title': 'Psychedelics and consciousness', 'summary': 'Delves into the impact of psychedelics on consciousness and self, examining brain networks and self-referential processing, considering panpsychism, and contemplating extraterrestrial entities in dmt trips. it also explores the anticipation of discovering alien life, the existential concern of human survival, and the acceptance of mortality through the lens of psychedelics research.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10243.063, 'start': 9905.196, 'title': 'Psychedelics and consciousness', 'summary': 'Explores the relationship between psychedelics and consciousness, examining their potential impact on the understanding of consciousness and self, with a focus on the default mode network and its communication patterns under the influence of psychedelics.', 'duration': 337.867, 'highlights': ['The default mode network, associated with self-referential processing, shows decreased communication under the influence of psychedelics, potentially impacting the perception of self and conscious experience.', 'The author discusses the limitations of drawing definitive conclusions from psychedelic experiences about the nature of consciousness, emphasizing the need for empirical scientific evidence.', 'The potential impact of psychedelics on the understanding of consciousness, including the experiential and narrative self, is explored, highlighting the need for further research to fully comprehend their effects.', 'The chapter emphasizes the challenges in interpreting the effects of psychedelics on the default mode network, cautioning against overstating their significance and attributing them solely to the dissolution of the ego.']}, {'end': 10995.303, 'start': 10243.063, 'title': 'Psychedelics, self, and consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the effects of psychedelics on brain networks, exploring the relationship between self-referential processing and unity experiences, speculating on the nature of consciousness, and considering panpsychism as a potential explanation, while expressing a hopeful and open-minded approach towards unconventional scientific phenomena.', 'duration': 752.24, 'highlights': ["Psychedelics' effects on brain networks and self-referential processing The study explores the impact of psychedelics on brain networks, including the default mode network, and its relationship to self-referential processing, suggesting that psychedelics lead to unity experiences and potential insights into the nature of the sense of self.", 'Speculation on the nature of consciousness and the self The discussion delves into the nature of consciousness and the self, considering the possibility of an illusion of self and questioning the distinction between appearance and actual existence of consciousness, while expressing skepticism towards simplifying the understanding of reality.', 'Open-minded approach towards unconventional scientific phenomena The speaker expresses a hopeful and open-minded attitude towards unconventional scientific phenomena, including the consideration of psi phenomena and the exploration of speculative ideas such as panpsychism, emphasizing the evolving boundaries of scientific understanding and the potential for paradigm-shifting discoveries.']}, {'end': 11448.508, 'start': 10995.323, 'title': 'Consciousness and complexity', 'summary': 'Discusses the complexity of consciousness, leaning towards panpsychism over the emergence of phenomenal consciousness through computational complexity, and ponders the possibility of extraterrestrial entities in dmt trips.', 'duration': 453.185, 'highlights': ['The complexity of consciousness is discussed, leaning towards panpsychism over the emergence of phenomenal consciousness through computational complexity.', 'Ponders the possibility of extraterrestrial entities in DMT trips and how they might communicate in ways beyond human comprehension.', 'The chapter explores the limitations of understanding complexity and the potential for a qualitative shift in our comprehension of complexity.', 'The discussion delves into the potential significance of psychedelic experiences in understanding consciousness and self, and questions the nature of extraterrestrial intelligence.']}, {'end': 12181.847, 'start': 11448.528, 'title': 'Alien life and consciousness exploration', 'summary': 'Explores the anticipation of discovering verifiable information about alien life and consciousness, the possibility of communication with alien beings, the impact of psychedelics on human understanding, and the existential concern of human survival, emphasizing the need for diversifying and colonizing other planets as a guarantee for the survival of humanity.', 'duration': 733.319, 'highlights': ['The anticipation of discovering verifiable information about alien life and consciousness. The chapter discusses the range of discovery and the challenge of predicting future information about alien life and consciousness within the next few years, 5, 10, or 20 years.', 'The possibility of communication with alien beings and their different value system and perception of the world. The discussion revolves around the potential existence of alien beings with a different value system and perception of the world, highlighting the limitations of human-centric communication and the concept of sharing experiences rather than ideas.', 'The impact of psychedelics on human understanding and the exploration of consciousness. The chapter delves into the potential of recording and transferring ineffable psychedelic experiences, as well as the speculation about encounters with entities from other dimensions, suggesting a broader exploration of consciousness and the transcendental temporal concept of alien encounters.', 'The existential concern of human survival and the need to diversify and colonize other planets. The discussion emphasizes the existential threats faced by humanity, including nuclear weapons, pandemics, and climate change, highlighting the necessity of diversifying the human portfolio by colonizing other planets as a guarantee for the long-term survival of the species.']}, {'end': 12888.62, 'start': 12181.847, 'title': 'Acceptance of mortality and the meaning of life', 'summary': 'Explores the acceptance of mortality, the terror of death, and the meaning of life through the lens of psychedelics research, emphasizing the significance of transcending everything and the beauty despite the absolute ugliness.', 'duration': 706.773, 'highlights': ["The acceptance of mortality and the terror of death are emphasized, revealing the illusion of existence going on forever and the deeper terror of life not lasting, supported by the impact of psychedelics on cancer patients' existential issues. illusion of existence, impact of psychedelics on cancer patients", 'The meaning of life is defined as the transcendence of everything, the beauty despite the absolute ugliness, and the capability of self-sacrifice and connection, reflecting on the human ability to create richer experiences through art, science, and truth seeking. transcendence of everything, human capability to create richer experiences', 'The chapter discusses the significance of embracing both positive and challenging experiences, acknowledging the horrors as well as the meaningful aspects of life, and choosing to focus on positivity to not forget it. embracing positive and challenging experiences, focusing on positivity']}], 'duration': 2983.424, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ICj8p5jPd3Y/pics/ICj8p5jPd3Y9905196.jpg', 'highlights': ['The default mode network, associated with self-referential processing, shows decreased communication under the influence of psychedelics, potentially impacting the perception of self and conscious experience.', 'The potential impact of psychedelics on the understanding of consciousness, including the experiential and narrative self, is explored, highlighting the need for further research to fully comprehend their effects.', 'The author discusses the limitations of drawing definitive conclusions from psychedelic experiences about the nature of consciousness, emphasizing the need for empirical scientific evidence.', 'The chapter emphasizes the challenges in interpreting the effects of psychedelics on the default mode network, cautioning against overstating their significance and attributing them solely to the dissolution of the ego.', 'The study explores the impact of psychedelics on brain networks, including the default mode network, and its relationship to self-referential processing, suggesting that psychedelics lead to unity experiences and potential insights into the nature of the sense of self.', 'The discussion delves into the nature of consciousness and the self, considering the possibility of an illusion of self and questioning the distinction between appearance and actual existence of consciousness, while expressing skepticism towards simplifying the understanding of reality.', 'The speaker expresses a hopeful and open-minded attitude towards unconventional scientific phenomena, including the consideration of psi phenomena and the exploration of speculative ideas such as panpsychism, emphasizing the evolving boundaries of scientific understanding and the potential for paradigm-shifting discoveries.', 'The complexity of consciousness is discussed, leaning towards panpsychism over the emergence of phenomenal consciousness through computational complexity.', 'The chapter explores the limitations of understanding complexity and the potential for a qualitative shift in our comprehension of complexity.', 'The anticipation of discovering verifiable information about alien life and consciousness. The chapter discusses the range of discovery and the challenge of predicting future information about alien life and consciousness within the next few years, 5, 10, or 20 years.', 'The existential concern of human survival and the need to diversify and colonize other planets. The discussion emphasizes the existential threats faced by humanity, including nuclear weapons, pandemics, and climate change, highlighting the necessity of diversifying the human portfolio by colonizing other planets as a guarantee for the long-term survival of the species.', "The acceptance of mortality and the terror of death are emphasized, revealing the illusion of existence going on forever and the deeper terror of life not lasting, supported by the impact of psychedelics on cancer patients' existential issues.", 'The meaning of life is defined as the transcendence of everything, the beauty despite the absolute ugliness, and the capability of self-sacrifice and connection, reflecting on the human ability to create richer experiences through art, science, and truth seeking.', 'The chapter discusses the significance of embracing both positive and challenging experiences, acknowledging the horrors as well as the meaningful aspects of life, and choosing to focus on positivity to not forget it.']}], 'highlights': ['Psilocybin trial shows 80% long-term success rate in helping people quit smoking.', 'Classic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT are extremely safe at the physiological level, with no known lethal overdose.', 'The default mode network, associated with self-referential processing, shows decreased communication under the influence of psychedelics, potentially impacting the perception of self and conscious experience.', 'Matthew Johnson conducts seminal research on psychedelics at Johns Hopkins, emphasizing their potential in expanding human experience.', 'The conversation delves into the study of psychedelics, hinting at the magic of human experience arising from chemical interactions in the brain.', 'The episode highlights the application of rigor and scientific method in studying psychedelics, emphasizing openness to first principle thinking.', 'Elon Musk and engineers could benefit from psychedelics for first principles thinking, leading to improved problem-solving in engineering.', 'Anecdotal evidence suggests influential figures like Steve Jobs and Carey Mullis attribute their groundbreaking ideas to psychedelic experiences, indicating the potential impact of psychedelics on innovation.', 'The House passed a bill towards federal marijuana legalization, showcasing the progressing trend towards drug legalization.', 'Safe injection sites for hard drugs can reduce the risk of lethal overdose and the spread of diseases like HIV and hepatitis.', 'Tobacco causes staggering mortality, 500k deaths in US yearly, 5-6M worldwide.', 'The nature of addiction and its study through behavioral economics delves into addiction from various angles, including the application of behavioral economics in understanding drug consumption and the concept of price elasticity.', 'The competition between short-term and long-term rewards leads to addiction, emphasizing how addiction is a result of the competition between immediate rewards and long-term consequences, leading to preference reversals and difficulty quitting.', 'The chapter discusses the significance of embracing both positive and challenging experiences, acknowledging the horrors as well as the meaningful aspects of life, and choosing to focus on positivity to not forget it.']}