title
Python Tutorial : Python Full Course

description
MY UDEMY COURSES ARE 87.5% OFF TIL March 26th ($9.99) ONE IS FREE ➡️ Python Data Science Series for $9.99 : Highest Rated & Largest Python Udemy Course + 56 Hrs + 200 Videos + Data Science https://bit.ly/Master_Python_50 ➡️ C++ Programming Bootcamp Series for $9.99 : Over 23 Hrs + 53 Videos + Quizzes + Graded Assignments + New Videos Every Month https://bit.ly/C_Course_50 ➡️ FREE 15 hour Golang Course!!! : https://bit.ly/go-tutorial9 (100 Available) I LIVESTREAM CODE HERE : https://www.twitch.tv/derekbanas MY DISCORD : https://discord.gg/VckHCAvA ( Contact Me Anytime ) Get the Code : http://bit.ly/Python-Tut Best Python Book : https://amzn.to/2Z6aBkn Subscribe to Me : http://bit.ly/2FWQZTx Welcome to my New Ultimate Python 3 Learn in One Video! I went out of my way to cover just about everything in this video. You'll learn the core language taken directly from the official documentation. I go beyond that and teach about functional programming, working with databases and we'll even make a working GUI Calculator using TkInter. I easily cover way more then you'll find in any other Python Tutorial in 1/3rd of the time. Like the channel? Consider becoming a Patreon and get access to exclusive videos! Check it out here: ►► https://www.patreon.com/derekbanas GET FREE STUFF FOR SUPPORTING MY TUTORIALS 1. Get a Free Stock : share.robinhood.com/derekb1560 2. Get 2 Free Audiobooks : https://amzn.to/2Y5FV2p THANK YOU TO MY PATREON SUPPORTERS LIKE : ckcoder.com vsolutions.be instagram.com/lumarycodes/ github.com/metabake

detail
{'title': 'Python Tutorial : Python Full Course', 'heatmap': [{'end': 668.798, 'start': 399.664, 'weight': 0.867}, {'end': 1076.533, 'start': 934.746, 'weight': 0.816}, {'end': 1678.534, 'start': 1458.738, 'weight': 0.827}, {'end': 2074.246, 'start': 1870.453, 'weight': 0.71}, {'end': 2348.164, 'start': 2270.029, 'weight': 0.835}, {'end': 2472.492, 'start': 2405.267, 'weight': 0.912}, {'end': 3147.668, 'start': 2872.141, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 3480.026, 'start': 3269.423, 'weight': 0.786}, {'end': 3612.06, 'start': 3538.935, 'weight': 0.735}, {'end': 4014.681, 'start': 3868.288, 'weight': 0.876}, {'end': 4212.03, 'start': 4139.336, 'weight': 0.8}, {'end': 5746.051, 'start': 5677.829, 'weight': 0.722}], 'summary': 'This python tutorial covers python 3 installation and setup on macos and windows, python data types, programming fundamentals, data structures and functions, object modeling and class creation, polymorphism, threading, regular expressions, interacting with sql lite 3, and recursive functions and gui calculator development.', 'chapters': [{'end': 789.193, 'segs': [{'end': 60.811, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21.732, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 28.058, 'text': "Everything is in the description, including the code as well as links to find exactly what you're looking for.", 'start': 21.732, 'duration': 6.326}, {'end': 29.979, 'text': "And I have a lot to do, so let's get into it.", 'start': 28.138, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 35.484, 'text': "Okay, what I'm going to cover first is how to install Python as well as PyCharm on macOS.", 'start': 30.339, 'duration': 5.145}, {'end': 39.407, 'text': 'As well, after that, I will show you how to install everything on Windows.', 'start': 35.764, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 44.746, 'text': "Very first thing you're going to want to do is go to your Applications folder and open that guy up.", 'start': 39.824, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 48.307, 'text': "You're going to then come down here to Utilities and open that up.", 'start': 45.006, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 51.268, 'text': "You're then going to come in here and open up the terminal.", 'start': 48.527, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 54.829, 'text': "After you do that, you're going to want to type in Python-V.", 'start': 51.628, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 58.33, 'text': "And more than likely, you're going to have Python 2.7 in there.", 'start': 55.169, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 59.17, 'text': "That's not good.", 'start': 58.45, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 60.811, 'text': "We're using Python 3.", 'start': 59.19, 'duration': 1.621}], 'summary': 'Guide on installing python and pycharm on macos and windows, emphasizing the use of python 3 over 2.7.', 'duration': 39.079, 'max_score': 21.732, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA21732.jpg'}, {'end': 261.809, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 232.293, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 235.275, 'text': 'Come in here and say you want to create a new project.', 'start': 232.293, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 238.417, 'text': 'And then click on create and you can give it whatever name you want.', 'start': 235.615, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 240.138, 'text': 'PyCharm is going to open up.', 'start': 238.857, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 243.64, 'text': "Then you're going to want to come up here where it says PyCharm and Preferences.", 'start': 240.558, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 245.22, 'text': "This guy's going to open up.", 'start': 244.1, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 250.503, 'text': "You're going to want to make sure that you have Python 3.7 selected up here as your project interpreter.", 'start': 245.26, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 251.544, 'text': 'Click on OK.', 'start': 250.763, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 255.045, 'text': 'Then you can come over here and click on the folder.', 'start': 251.964, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 258.786, 'text': 'I called it Python Tut and click on New and then Python File.', 'start': 255.185, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 261.809, 'text': "This guy's going to open up inside of your window.", 'start': 259.166, 'duration': 2.643}], 'summary': 'Create a new project in pycharm with python 3.7 interpreter and open a python file.', 'duration': 29.516, 'max_score': 232.293, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA232293.jpg'}, {'end': 340.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 313.28, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 316.562, 'text': "Whenever you click on that, this stuff's going to pop up inside your window.", 'start': 313.28, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 320.245, 'text': "And there's multiple different ways that you can execute this.", 'start': 316.943, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 323.487, 'text': "I'm just going to click right here that I want to use this installer.", 'start': 320.445, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 327.23, 'text': "That's going to say, do you want to open this? And then you, of course, say yes.", 'start': 323.768, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 329.792, 'text': "That's going to open up the installer.", 'start': 327.79, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 331.473, 'text': 'I just click on install now.', 'start': 329.912, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 336.777, 'text': "And you can also say add Python 3.7 to the path, but I'm also going to show you how to do that.", 'start': 331.813, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 338.098, 'text': 'This is going to open up.', 'start': 337.177, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 340.661, 'text': 'Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device? Yes.', 'start': 338.239, 'duration': 2.422}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating installation process for python 3.7 with user interaction.', 'duration': 27.381, 'max_score': 313.28, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA313280.jpg'}, {'end': 378.433, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 351.557, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 355.579, 'text': "Of course, my tutorial is going to work with any IDE, but I'm just using PyCharm.", 'start': 351.557, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 359.062, 'text': 'Click on Download for Community, which is free, or you can pay for it.', 'start': 355.82, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 361.083, 'text': 'This is going to download.', 'start': 359.402, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 363.345, 'text': 'Then you want to click on Open down here.', 'start': 361.123, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 364.265, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 363.365, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 365.546, 'text': 'Do you want to make changes? Yes.', 'start': 364.305, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 366.347, 'text': 'Click on Yes.', 'start': 365.646, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 368.088, 'text': "And then you're just going to click on Next.", 'start': 366.747, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 370.429, 'text': "And then you're going to click on Next.", 'start': 368.548, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 375.773, 'text': 'And then 64-bit launcher, I would go and put check marks on all of these things and click on Next.', 'start': 370.89, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 378.433, 'text': 'Click on install and everything will install.', 'start': 376.152, 'duration': 2.281}], 'summary': 'Tutorial demonstrates pycharm installation, 64-bit launcher selection, and installation process.', 'duration': 26.876, 'max_score': 351.557, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA351557.jpg'}, {'end': 668.798, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 399.664, 'weight': 0.867, 'content': [{'end': 400.885, 'text': 'Click on feature plugins.', 'start': 399.664, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 403.506, 'text': 'I would just ignore this and click start using PyCharm.', 'start': 400.985, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 405.307, 'text': 'PyCharm is going to open.', 'start': 403.806, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 407.409, 'text': "You're going to want to click on Create New Project.", 'start': 405.347, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 411.812, 'text': 'You can go and give your project a name and then click on Create.', 'start': 407.769, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 413.353, 'text': "This guy's going to open up.", 'start': 412.152, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 420.177, 'text': 'Now you come up here, right click on your Python title, whatever you called your project, New and Python File.', 'start': 413.813, 'duration': 6.364}, {'end': 421.598, 'text': "You're going to have to give it a name.", 'start': 420.197, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 424.6, 'text': 'I called mine Hello World and then click on Python File.', 'start': 421.638, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 429.644, 'text': 'Then you can just come in here and type in Print Hello World just to test that everything works.', 'start': 424.94, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 433.046, 'text': 'Then you come up here where it says Run and then click on Run.', 'start': 430.244, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 435.569, 'text': 'Whenever you do that, this guy is going to pop up.', 'start': 433.527, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 439.033, 'text': "You're going to go and click on this to run your application or just hit Enter.", 'start': 435.689, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 442.236, 'text': "And then it's going to print Hello World down here at the bottom of the screen.", 'start': 439.493, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 447.041, 'text': 'If you want to move it over to the right side of the screen, you can just right click on this guy.', 'start': 442.656, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 450.224, 'text': "click on Move To right bottom and it's going to go over there.", 'start': 447.041, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 454.328, 'text': "And now you have everything set up and you're ready to start learning Python.", 'start': 450.605, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 459.537, 'text': "Okay, so I'll be using PyCharm for this, but you can use anything you'd like.", 'start': 455.296, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 462.338, 'text': "And I'm going to come in here and create a Python file.", 'start': 459.777, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 466.438, 'text': 'And the extension for our Python files are going to be py.', 'start': 462.438, 'duration': 4}, {'end': 469.179, 'text': "I'm going to call this pythontut.py.", 'start': 466.478, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 477.621, 'text': "And the very first thing I'm going to do is to import some modules, which you will see later on as the tutorial continues.", 'start': 469.759, 'duration': 7.862}, {'end': 486.229, 'text': 'And these are going to do things such as provide different math functions and the ability to handle threading,', 'start': 478.26, 'duration': 7.969}, {'end': 495.659, 'text': "as well as some time functions and another function that's going to allow us to do really cool things with lists.", 'start': 486.229, 'duration': 9.43}, {'end': 503.381, 'text': "Now, the obligatory first thing we're going to do here is go and print out hello world, and don't worry,", 'start': 496.317, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 506.622, 'text': "it's going to get much more cool than that as we continue.", 'start': 503.381, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 508.763, 'text': 'And there you go you can see hello world.', 'start': 507.062, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 515.147, 'text': 'Now, as you can see here, Python statements terminate with a new line by hitting enter.', 'start': 508.843, 'duration': 6.304}, {'end': 519.688, 'text': "that means that's the end of the statements, unlike other languages that require a semicolon.", 'start': 515.147, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 525.988, 'text': "Now let's say we would like to come in here and receive some input from our user, which will be kind of useful.", 'start': 520.102, 'duration': 5.886}, {'end': 531.813, 'text': 'All you do is type in the variable name where you want to store the input and then type input,', 'start': 526.408, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 534.435, 'text': "and whatever the message is you'd like to show on the screen.", 'start': 531.813, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 539.68, 'text': 'And then we can come in and use that data that was stored in the variable name name.', 'start': 534.615, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 544.848, 'text': 'to say something like hi and then specifically the variable name.', 'start': 540.305, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 550.191, 'text': 'And you can see right here what is your name shows up and I can type in Derek and it says hi Derek.', 'start': 545.168, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 555.814, 'text': 'But what would happen if you would like to extend your statements over multiple lines, which can be useful?', 'start': 550.451, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 557.635, 'text': "Well, there's two different ways to do that.", 'start': 555.874, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 563.319, 'text': 'You can either use parentheses like this and what I basically did here is created a variable called v1.', 'start': 557.716, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 565.68, 'text': 'Get more into variables here in a second.', 'start': 563.699, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 569.903, 'text': 'And then you could do something like one plus two and then plus three.', 'start': 565.9, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 575.786, 'text': "And that's going to just be perfectly legal for you to be able to do across multiple lines.", 'start': 570.323, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 586.872, 'text': 'And another thing you could do is say v1 is equal to something like v plus 2 and then a backslash and then plus 3.', 'start': 576.266, 'duration': 10.606}, {'end': 588.273, 'text': "But that's not very common to do.", 'start': 586.872, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 590.694, 'text': "I just wanted to cover it because it's a question that comes up.", 'start': 588.313, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 595.936, 'text': 'You can also go and put multiple statements on one line by using semicolons.', 'start': 590.974, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 604.56, 'text': 'So you could say something like v1 is equal to 5 and then v1 is equal to v1 minus 1.', 'start': 595.956, 'duration': 8.604}, {'end': 607.481, 'text': "Perfectly legal, but things that you probably wouldn't want to do with Python.", 'start': 604.56, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 608.942, 'text': 'And there you can see the answer.', 'start': 607.801, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 613.213, 'text': 'Comments are going to start with a hash symbol like this,', 'start': 609.332, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 624.255, 'text': 'and multi line comments can be created by just going in here and putting three quotes and then saying multi line comment, exactly like that.', 'start': 613.213, 'duration': 11.042}, {'end': 629.435, 'text': 'And in regards to variables they are just names that are assigned to values.', 'start': 624.835, 'duration': 4.6}, {'end': 635.476, 'text': "And whenever you're creating them, just make sure that the first character is either a letter or underscore,", 'start': 630.036, 'duration': 5.44}, {'end': 638.517, 'text': "and then you're going to be able to use letters, numbers or underscores.", 'start': 635.476, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 643.449, 'text': "And another thing that's important is that variable names are case sensitive.", 'start': 639.128, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 651.492, 'text': 'So if you create a variable called V2, which is equal to one, and then you create another one with an uppercase, V equals to two,', 'start': 643.509, 'duration': 7.983}, {'end': 652.872, 'text': 'which is equal to one.', 'start': 651.492, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 655.393, 'text': 'those are going to be treated completely different.', 'start': 652.872, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 660.875, 'text': "You're also going to be able to assign multiple variables all on one line.", 'start': 655.613, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 666.577, 'text': "Again, this is kind of like sloppy code that you wouldn't normally want to do, but it is something that you can do exactly like that.", 'start': 660.935, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 668.798, 'text': 'Now in regards to data types.', 'start': 666.937, 'duration': 1.861}], 'summary': 'Learn how to set up and run a python program using pycharm, including creating a new project, writing and running code, handling input, and working with variables and comments.', 'duration': 269.134, 'max_score': 399.664, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA399664.jpg'}, {'end': 435.569, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 407.769, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 411.812, 'text': 'You can go and give your project a name and then click on Create.', 'start': 407.769, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 413.353, 'text': "This guy's going to open up.", 'start': 412.152, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 420.177, 'text': 'Now you come up here, right click on your Python title, whatever you called your project, New and Python File.', 'start': 413.813, 'duration': 6.364}, {'end': 421.598, 'text': "You're going to have to give it a name.", 'start': 420.197, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 424.6, 'text': 'I called mine Hello World and then click on Python File.', 'start': 421.638, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 429.644, 'text': 'Then you can just come in here and type in Print Hello World just to test that everything works.', 'start': 424.94, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 433.046, 'text': 'Then you come up here where it says Run and then click on Run.', 'start': 430.244, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 435.569, 'text': 'Whenever you do that, this guy is going to pop up.', 'start': 433.527, 'duration': 2.042}], 'summary': "Create python project, add file, run 'print hello world'", 'duration': 27.8, 'max_score': 407.769, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA407769.jpg'}], 'start': 0.191, 'title': 'Python 3 installation and setup', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of python and pycharm on macos and windows, including using xcode, homebrew, and configuring the bash profile, leading to successful python 3 installation and usage, as well as obtaining pycharm. it also provides a step-by-step guide on setting up python and pycharm on mac os and windows, covering the installation process and basic usage, along with key points such as selecting python 3.7 as the project interpreter, creating a new project, and running a sample python file.', 'chapters': [{'end': 192.967, 'start': 0.191, 'title': 'Python 3 learning one tutorial', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of python and pycharm on macos and windows, including using xcode, homebrew, and configuring the bash profile, leading to successful python 3 installation and usage, as well as obtaining pycharm.', 'duration': 192.776, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the installation of Python and PyCharm on macOS and Windows, including using Xcode, Homebrew, and configuring the bash profile. The tutorial provides detailed instructions for installing Python and PyCharm on macOS and Windows, utilizing Xcode, Homebrew, and configuring the bash profile for successful installation.', "The tutorial showcases the process of installing Python 3 and verifying its installation by running a test command. It includes a step-by-step demonstration of installing Python 3 and validating the installation by running the 'python 3' command and executing a 'print hello world' command.", 'Instructions on obtaining PyCharm, including choosing between the free community version or the professional version, are provided. The tutorial explains the process of obtaining PyCharm from jetbrains.com, offering the choice between the community version and the professional version.']}, {'end': 789.193, 'start': 193.507, 'title': 'Setting up python and pycharm', 'summary': 'Provides a step-by-step guide on setting up python and pycharm on mac os and windows, covering the installation process and basic usage, along with key points such as selecting python 3.7 as the project interpreter, creating a new project, and running a sample python file.', 'duration': 595.686, 'highlights': ['The chapter provides a step-by-step guide on setting up Python and PyCharm on Mac OS and Windows. step-by-step guide, setting up Python and PyCharm, Mac OS, Windows', 'Selecting Python 3.7 as the project interpreter. Python 3.7, project interpreter', 'Creating a new project and running a sample Python file. new project, running a sample Python file', 'The process includes installation steps and basic usage instructions. installation steps, basic usage instructions']}], 'duration': 789.002, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA191.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tutorial provides detailed instructions for installing Python and PyCharm on macOS and Windows, utilizing Xcode, Homebrew, and configuring the bash profile for successful installation.', 'The tutorial showcases the process of installing Python 3 and verifying its installation by running a test command.', 'Instructions on obtaining PyCharm, including choosing between the free community version or the professional version, are provided.', 'The chapter provides a step-by-step guide on setting up Python and PyCharm on Mac OS and Windows.', 'Selecting Python 3.7 as the project interpreter.', 'Creating a new project and running a sample Python file.', 'The process includes installation steps and basic usage instructions.']}, {'end': 1150.789, 'segs': [{'end': 839.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 789.834, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 794.135, 'text': "Then you're going to have plus and then you're going to have the imaginary part.", 'start': 789.834, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 797.096, 'text': "And I'll just give you an example of what that would look like.", 'start': 794.555, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 802.017, 'text': 'And with this we could say something like 5 plus 6j.', 'start': 797.896, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 805.778, 'text': 'And that is a completely legal thing you can do in Python.', 'start': 802.397, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 813.979, 'text': 'booleans are either going to have a value of true or a value of false.', 'start': 806.158, 'duration': 7.821}, {'end': 824.741, 'text': 'strings are going to either be surrounded with single quotes or double quotes, and strings are going to have things called escape sequences.', 'start': 813.979, 'duration': 10.762}, {'end': 831.783, 'text': "so, for example, let's say that you would want to go and use a single quote inside of a string.", 'start': 824.741, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 834.704, 'text': 'just go back, slash, single quote, backslash.', 'start': 831.783, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 835.845, 'text': 'you could use double quotes.', 'start': 834.704, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 839.469, 'text': "of course, there's going to be a tab character.", 'start': 835.845, 'duration': 3.624}], 'summary': 'Python allows complex numbers like 5+6j, true/false booleans, and strings with escape sequences like tab or quotes.', 'duration': 49.635, 'max_score': 789.834, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA789834.jpg'}, {'end': 920.036, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 893.877, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 900.941, 'text': 'If you wanted to change something like a float into an integer you just go and put an int and surround this with parentheses.', 'start': 893.877, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 905.361, 'text': "And I'll give you a couple other examples to cast to a couple different types.", 'start': 901.437, 'duration': 3.924}, {'end': 910.807, 'text': "Let's say you wanted to turn this 5.4 into a string.", 'start': 905.801, 'duration': 5.006}, {'end': 911.848, 'text': 'You would do it like that.', 'start': 910.827, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 920.036, 'text': 'STR There is no character type inside of Python, but you could go and convert to a character type that way.', 'start': 912.288, 'duration': 7.748}], 'summary': 'Python provides methods to convert data types, e.g., int() for float to int and str() to convert to a string.', 'duration': 26.159, 'max_score': 893.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA893877.jpg'}, {'end': 1076.533, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 934.746, 'weight': 0.816, 'content': [{'end': 939.028, 'text': 'and you can see that all of the conversions worked exactly like we wanted them.', 'start': 934.746, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 944.031, 'text': 'however, right here you see that this is actually a string and not a regular character.', 'start': 939.028, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 945.152, 'text': 'now for output.', 'start': 944.031, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 947.153, 'text': "you've already seen print.", 'start': 945.152, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 955.097, 'text': "let's say that we would want to go and separate different parts of this output with a forward slash, for example.", 'start': 947.153, 'duration': 7.944}, {'end': 959, 'text': "I'm going to go in here and type the most important birthday in history.", 'start': 955.518, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 964.483, 'text': "And then I'm going to say separator is going to be equal to and a forward slash like that.", 'start': 959.34, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 967.325, 'text': 'And you can see that it went and slapped those inside of there.', 'start': 964.904, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 969.206, 'text': "I'm going to get more into output as we go.", 'start': 967.345, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 973.649, 'text': 'You may have also noticed that there is a new line every single time print executes.', 'start': 969.527, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 976.051, 'text': "Let's say that you didn't want that new line.", 'start': 973.709, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 982.137, 'text': "All you do is go end is equal to and then go and say that you don't want anything to happen.", 'start': 976.531, 'duration': 5.606}, {'end': 986.082, 'text': "And then in that situation you're not going to get a new line as we'll see here in a second.", 'start': 982.458, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 991.287, 'text': 'Another thing we can do is there is string formatting that is available.', 'start': 986.282, 'duration': 5.005}, {'end': 995.232, 'text': "So let's go now let's throw the new line inside of there.", 'start': 991.548, 'duration': 3.684}, {'end': 1002.923, 'text': "And let's say that we wanted to have a decimal inside of here that is going to have leading zeros of at least four.", 'start': 995.752, 'duration': 7.171}, {'end': 1005.407, 'text': 'Follow that up with a string.', 'start': 1003.444, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 1011.235, 'text': 'Follow that up with a float that is going to have two decimal places of precision.', 'start': 1005.747, 'duration': 5.488}, {'end': 1012.897, 'text': 'and a character.', 'start': 1011.896, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 1016.919, 'text': 'We can do this just by coming in here and putting that percent,', 'start': 1013.137, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1023.242, 'text': 'sign in there and then all of the data in order how you would like it to show up in your output.', 'start': 1016.919, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 1028.025, 'text': '1.234 and then finally the letter A.', 'start': 1025.083, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 1033.768, 'text': "And if we run it, you can see there's the leading zeros, there's the two decimal places of precision, there's the character and there's the string.", 'start': 1028.025, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 1035.888, 'text': "Now we're going to talk about some math functions.", 'start': 1034.088, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 1041.81, 'text': "Now, of course, you're probably expecting to be able to do some math with programming language.", 'start': 1036.286, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 1047.794, 'text': "Let's say we have 5 plus 2, and we want to go and get the value for that.", 'start': 1041.829, 'duration': 5.965}, {'end': 1051.816, 'text': 'We just go and throw in the calculation we want to perform.', 'start': 1047.874, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 1054.558, 'text': "You're going to be able to do addition.", 'start': 1051.896, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 1065.726, 'text': "You're going to be able to do subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, which is going to give you the remainder of a division.", 'start': 1054.618, 'duration': 11.108}, {'end': 1076.533, 'text': "and that's just a percent sign going to be able to get the power 5 to the power of 2, just like that, and we can also do integer division,", 'start': 1066.346, 'duration': 10.187}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers string formatting, new line control, and math functions including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, power, and integer division.', 'duration': 141.787, 'max_score': 934.746, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA934746.jpg'}, {'end': 1041.81, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1013.137, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1016.919, 'text': 'We can do this just by coming in here and putting that percent,', 'start': 1013.137, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1023.242, 'text': 'sign in there and then all of the data in order how you would like it to show up in your output.', 'start': 1016.919, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 1028.025, 'text': '1.234 and then finally the letter A.', 'start': 1025.083, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 1033.768, 'text': "And if we run it, you can see there's the leading zeros, there's the two decimal places of precision, there's the character and there's the string.", 'start': 1028.025, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 1035.888, 'text': "Now we're going to talk about some math functions.", 'start': 1034.088, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 1041.81, 'text': "Now, of course, you're probably expecting to be able to do some math with programming language.", 'start': 1036.286, 'duration': 5.524}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of formatting data with precision and character in programming.', 'duration': 28.673, 'max_score': 1013.137, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1013137.jpg'}, {'end': 1140.359, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1109.821, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1113.243, 'text': 'So you could put multiplication and subtraction and so forth and so on.', 'start': 1109.821, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 1125.248, 'text': 'And here are a ton of different built-in math functions absolute value, max min power ceiling, floor round exponent logs,', 'start': 1113.603, 'duration': 11.645}, {'end': 1129.41, 'text': 'square roots and all of the different trig functions we have here.', 'start': 1125.248, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 1140.359, 'text': 'as well as being able to convert a degree into radians, and to convert a radian into degrees, and not to forget about finding the hypotenuse.', 'start': 1129.95, 'duration': 10.409}], 'summary': 'Python has a variety of built-in math functions including absolute value, max, min, power, ceiling, floor, round, exponent, logs, square roots, and trig functions. it also allows for conversion between degrees and radians and finding the hypotenuse.', 'duration': 30.538, 'max_score': 1109.821, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1109821.jpg'}], 'start': 789.834, 'title': 'Python data types, type conversion, output, and math functions', 'summary': 'Covers python data types such as complex numbers, booleans, strings with escape sequences, and type conversion, and also discusses output formatting, math functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, power, integer division, and built-in math functions with practical examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 945.152, 'start': 789.834, 'title': 'Python data types and type conversion', 'summary': 'Covers data types including complex numbers, booleans, strings with escape sequences, and type conversion, demonstrating examples of type casting to different data types like integer, string, and character in python.', 'duration': 155.318, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses data types including complex numbers, booleans, and strings with escape sequences, and demonstrates type casting to different data types like integer, string, and character in Python.', "The chapter provides examples of type casting, such as converting a float to an integer, a number to a string, and a character to an integer using the 'int', 'str', and 'ord' functions, respectively.", 'The chapter explains the concept of escape sequences in strings, such as using backslash for special characters like single quote, double quote, tab, and new line.', "The chapter demonstrates the use of complex numbers in Python, exemplifying the representation of a complex number as '5 + 6j' and its legality in Python.", 'The chapter emphasizes the usage of triple quoted strings in Python to handle single and double quotes without causing errors, providing an alternative to using escape sequences.']}, {'end': 1150.789, 'start': 945.152, 'title': 'Python basics: output and math functions', 'summary': "Covers python's output formatting including separators and new lines, string formatting with decimal and character precision, and various math functions including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, power, integer division, and built-in math functions with examples of their usage.", 'duration': 205.637, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various Python output formatting options such as using separators, controlling new lines, and string formatting with decimal and character precision.', 'It explains different mathematical operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, power, and integer division.', 'The transcript also demonstrates the usage of built-in math functions like absolute value, max, min, power, ceiling, floor, round, exponent, logs, square roots, trigonometric functions, and degree-radian conversion.']}], 'duration': 360.955, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA789834.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various Python output formatting options and mathematical operations.', 'It discusses data types including complex numbers, booleans, and strings with escape sequences, and demonstrates type casting in Python.', 'The chapter provides examples of type casting and explains the concept of escape sequences in strings.', 'It demonstrates the use of complex numbers in Python and emphasizes the usage of triple quoted strings.', 'The chapter also demonstrates the usage of built-in math functions with practical examples.']}, {'end': 2609.526, 'segs': [{'end': 1279.603, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1233.948, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1237.95, 'text': "Well, Python says that it doesn't and it is not a real number.", 'start': 1233.948, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 1242.192, 'text': "So there's an example of infinity as well as not a number.", 'start': 1238.371, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 1244.213, 'text': 'And now I want to talk about conditionals.', 'start': 1242.513, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 1253.518, 'text': "Now sometimes you'll want to execute a certain amount of code and in other different conditions you would like to execute other code.", 'start': 1244.594, 'duration': 8.924}, {'end': 1255.219, 'text': "Well, that's where conditionals come in.", 'start': 1253.918, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1259.091, 'text': "And you're going to be using comparison and logical operators.", 'start': 1255.849, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1268.077, 'text': 'The comparison operators are going to be less than or greater than, less than or equal, greater than or equal, equal or not equal.', 'start': 1259.532, 'duration': 8.545}, {'end': 1270.619, 'text': "And I'm going to show you examples here of how we can use them.", 'start': 1268.137, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1274.6, 'text': "So let's say you have an age of 30.", 'start': 1270.999, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 1279.603, 'text': 'And you want to determine what type of vehicle a person would be able to drive.', 'start': 1274.6, 'duration': 5.003}], 'summary': 'Python discusses infinity, not a number, and conditionals with comparison and logical operators.', 'duration': 45.655, 'max_score': 1233.948, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1233948.jpg'}, {'end': 1678.534, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1458.738, 'weight': 0.827, 'content': [{'end': 1470.306, 'text': "and the way that it works is you're going to assign a value and the value is the first value that shows up here is going to be assigned if the condition is true.", 'start': 1458.738, 'duration': 11.568}, {'end': 1475.971, 'text': "then you're going to have if your condition and then else,", 'start': 1470.306, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 1484.557, 'text': "and then the value that will be assigned if the condition is false and let me show you an example here, I'll say can vote,", 'start': 1475.971, 'duration': 8.586}, {'end': 1493.83, 'text': 'and that is going to be a variable that is going to be assigned the value of true if the age is greater than or equal to 18,', 'start': 1484.557, 'duration': 9.273}, {'end': 1497.111, 'text': 'and else the value assigned is going to be false.', 'start': 1493.83, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 1501.312, 'text': 'And we can say can vote and you can see it comes back as false.', 'start': 1497.811, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 1503.793, 'text': 'Remember because we changed the age to 15.', 'start': 1501.392, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1506.174, 'text': "And there's a rundown of conditional operators.", 'start': 1503.793, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 1508.094, 'text': "We'll see more as the tutorial continues.", 'start': 1506.214, 'duration': 1.88}, {'end': 1509.415, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about strings.', 'start': 1508.134, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 1521.222, 'text': 'Now you saw before that a string is just a variable that is going to be assigned just a series of characters between single, double or triple quotes.', 'start': 1509.895, 'duration': 11.327}, {'end': 1523.223, 'text': "Let's go and show you another one.", 'start': 1521.803, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 1534.23, 'text': "There's also raw strings that are going to ignore escape sequences and how you create that is just put an R inside of there and we could say I'll be ignored and then a new line.", 'start': 1523.244, 'duration': 10.986}, {'end': 1536.272, 'text': "Let's go and do a couple more examples.", 'start': 1534.571, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 1542.813, 'text': 'If you want to join strings, you could do that just by putting a plus between them.', 'start': 1536.852, 'duration': 5.961}, {'end': 1548.994, 'text': "You're going to be able to let's create a string here and let's have it be hello you again.", 'start': 1543.173, 'duration': 5.821}, {'end': 1558.336, 'text': "You'd be able to get the length of or the number of characters in that string just by going LEN and the string name you want to test.", 'start': 1549.394, 'duration': 8.942}, {'end': 1562.936, 'text': 'Going to be able to get a specific character using an index.', 'start': 1558.816, 'duration': 4.12}, {'end': 1566.217, 'text': "So let's say you want to get the very first character.", 'start': 1563.036, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 1571.655, 'text': 'you just go string three and that would start at zero to get the first character.', 'start': 1566.613, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 1580.859, 'text': "You're also going to be able to get the last character just by putting a negative one inside of there, and we can run that and there you can see,", 'start': 1572.035, 'duration': 8.824}, {'end': 1581.819, 'text': 'there is our output.', 'start': 1580.859, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1585.52, 'text': "Now let's say you wanted to get to the first three characters.", 'start': 1582.259, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 1594.866, 'text': 'You could just go string three and start at the very first one and then you want to go up to but not include the third index.', 'start': 1585.981, 'duration': 8.885}, {'end': 1596.989, 'text': 'You could also step through.', 'start': 1595.307, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 1599.832, 'text': "So let's say we wanted to get every other character.", 'start': 1597.129, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 1602.796, 'text': 'You are going to start at the very first index.', 'start': 1600.153, 'duration': 2.643}, {'end': 1611.265, 'text': "You're going to go to the very last index and you want to get every other, or you want to basically just get the first and then skip the next one,", 'start': 1602.976, 'duration': 8.289}, {'end': 1613.347, 'text': 'get the next one and so forth and so on.', 'start': 1611.265, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1615.428, 'text': 'run that just so you can see that now.', 'start': 1613.347, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 1621.692, 'text': "it's very important to know that you can't change an index value by going in here and going.", 'start': 1615.428, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 1625.815, 'text': 'string like this is equal to an a.', 'start': 1621.692, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 1627.016, 'text': "that's going to cause an error.", 'start': 1625.815, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1628.497, 'text': 'we can run it just so you can see.', 'start': 1627.016, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 1633.726, 'text': 'see. However, you would be able to come in here and change it in other ways.', 'start': 1628.497, 'duration': 5.229}, {'end': 1644.92, 'text': 'You could go string three is equal to string three and then call replace and then say that you want to replace hello with goodbye.', 'start': 1633.747, 'duration': 11.173}, {'end': 1651.037, 'text': 'And then if you go in here and try to print that, you can see Goodbye U shows up.', 'start': 1645.393, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 1656.901, 'text': 'You could also slice the front and back and then replace different values.', 'start': 1651.317, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 1661.624, 'text': "So let's say you go String 3 is equal to String 3.", 'start': 1657.001, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 1666.288, 'text': 'And you want to go start at the beginning till the eighth index.', 'start': 1661.624, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 1669.17, 'text': 'And then you wanted to throw a Y inside of there.', 'start': 1666.728, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 1678.534, 'text': 'and then go and add on the rest of your string by saying that you want to go from the ninth index to the very end.', 'start': 1669.83, 'duration': 8.704}], 'summary': 'Introduction to conditional operators and string manipulation in python.', 'duration': 219.796, 'max_score': 1458.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1458738.jpg'}, {'end': 1661.624, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1633.747, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1644.92, 'text': 'You could go string three is equal to string three and then call replace and then say that you want to replace hello with goodbye.', 'start': 1633.747, 'duration': 11.173}, {'end': 1651.037, 'text': 'And then if you go in here and try to print that, you can see Goodbye U shows up.', 'start': 1645.393, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 1656.901, 'text': 'You could also slice the front and back and then replace different values.', 'start': 1651.317, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 1661.624, 'text': "So let's say you go String 3 is equal to String 3.", 'start': 1657.001, 'duration': 4.623}], 'summary': "Using python's string methods to replace and slice text.", 'duration': 27.877, 'max_score': 1633.747, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1633747.jpg'}, {'end': 2074.246, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1870.453, 'weight': 0.71, 'content': [{'end': 1881.161, 'text': "uh, we can check if everything is a character or not, so we'll just leave it like this and we can go is alpha, and then also is it a digit,", 'start': 1870.453, 'duration': 10.708}, {'end': 1882.582, 'text': "and we'll just leave it that way.", 'start': 1881.161, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1891.035, 'text': 'and how you check if everything is a number, is go, is digits, Run it and you can see that they all come back as false.', 'start': 1882.582, 'duration': 8.453}, {'end': 1900.026, 'text': 'However, we get rid of the spaces that are inside of here and change this into 123 and run it.', 'start': 1891.395, 'duration': 8.631}, {'end': 1901.948, 'text': 'You can see they all come back as true.', 'start': 1900.106, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1903.82, 'text': 'Okay, so cool stuff.', 'start': 1902.278, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 1905.682, 'text': 'Whole bunch of things you can do with strings.', 'start': 1904.02, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 1906.803, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about lists.', 'start': 1905.722, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 1913.35, 'text': 'Now lists are going to contain mutable pieces of data of varying data types or even functions.', 'start': 1907.244, 'duration': 6.106}, {'end': 1915.613, 'text': "What's mutable mean? That means it can be changed.", 'start': 1913.451, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1918.236, 'text': 'Immutable means that a value cannot be changed.', 'start': 1915.733, 'duration': 2.503}, {'end': 1921.165, 'text': "So let's come in here and create list one.", 'start': 1918.604, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 1931.611, 'text': 'And you would be able to do stuff like go and throw an integer and a float and a string and true or functions or whatever.', 'start': 1922.026, 'duration': 9.585}, {'end': 1932.652, 'text': "I'm going to show you that later.", 'start': 1931.631, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1937.995, 'text': 'Going to be able to come in and get the length or number of items inside of it.', 'start': 1933.152, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 1942.717, 'text': 'Again, using the same function we used previously, LEN with strings.', 'start': 1938.155, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 1944.378, 'text': 'Do a couple other things.', 'start': 1943.177, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1947.64, 'text': "You'd be able to get a value at a specific index.", 'start': 1944.738, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 1953.106, 'text': "Again we're going to start at the very first index which is 0.", 'start': 1948.34, 'duration': 4.766}, {'end': 1956.491, 'text': 'Just put L1 inside of there and 0.', 'start': 1953.106, 'duration': 3.385}, {'end': 1960.997, 'text': "Likewise you're going to be able to get the last index value.", 'start': 1956.491, 'duration': 4.506}, {'end': 1963.82, 'text': 'And how do you do that one? Take a wild guess.', 'start': 1961.477, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 1965.675, 'text': 'You type in negative 1.', 'start': 1963.84, 'duration': 1.835}, {'end': 1966.976, 'text': 'there are your answers.', 'start': 1965.675, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1972.04, 'text': "you're going to be able to change values, unlike strings, just like that.", 'start': 1966.976, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 1980.587, 'text': "you could also come in and change multiple values, so we'll go l1 and let's say two up to four, not including four,", 'start': 1972.04, 'duration': 8.547}, {'end': 1985.612, 'text': 'and you want to instead put bob and false inside of there.', 'start': 1980.587, 'duration': 5.025}, {'end': 1990.737, 'text': "We're also going to be able to insert at an index without deleting.", 'start': 1986.092, 'duration': 4.645}, {'end': 1993.86, 'text': 'L1 and then go 2 and 2.', 'start': 1991.478, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 1995.362, 'text': "That's where we're going to put it.", 'start': 1993.86, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 1999.346, 'text': "And we're going to say Paul and 9 are going to go in that position.", 'start': 1995.802, 'duration': 3.544}, {'end': 2007.775, 'text': "You'd also be able to go L1 and insert at the second index and Paul.", 'start': 1999.846, 'duration': 7.929}, {'end': 2009.995, 'text': "like that, if you'd like to use that instead.", 'start': 2008.095, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 2012.016, 'text': 'Be able to add to the end.', 'start': 2010.315, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2016.337, 'text': "Here I'm going to create a brand new list and just go L1 plus.", 'start': 2012.056, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 2021.778, 'text': "And then we'll throw a new list at the end of it by going egg and four.", 'start': 2016.737, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 2025.439, 'text': "You'd be able to remove an item by going remove.", 'start': 2022.098, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 2027.379, 'text': "And let's say you don't like Paul.", 'start': 2025.919, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 2028.479, 'text': "There, he's gone.", 'start': 2027.679, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 2032.8, 'text': 'You could also remove at an index by using pop.', 'start': 2028.499, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 2036.841, 'text': "And here we'll say the zero index is what we want to remove.", 'start': 2033.32, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 2040.744, 'text': 'and we can print that out to see all the crazy changes there.', 'start': 2037.621, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 2042.765, 'text': 'they all are okay.', 'start': 2040.744, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2045.127, 'text': 'we would also be able to add to the beginning.', 'start': 2042.765, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 2053.335, 'text': 'so list two is equal to, and all you got to do is throw it in there and what you want Plus L1..', 'start': 2045.127, 'duration': 8.208}, {'end': 2056.757, 'text': 'You can also create multi-dimensional lists.', 'start': 2053.356, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 2058.297, 'text': "Let's create a new list.", 'start': 2056.937, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 2061.639, 'text': "And all you're going to do is just put these brackets like that.", 'start': 2058.638, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2063.101, 'text': 'And then 1 and 2.', 'start': 2062, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 2065.181, 'text': 'And then like this.', 'start': 2063.101, 'duration': 2.08}, {'end': 2068.324, 'text': 'And then 3 and 4.', 'start': 2065.641, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 2070.565, 'text': "And then you'd be able to print those out.", 'start': 2068.324, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 2074.246, 'text': "So let's say 1, 1 is what you're looking for.", 'start': 2071.065, 'duration': 3.181}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers checking characters and digits, manipulating lists, and creating multi-dimensional lists in python.', 'duration': 203.793, 'max_score': 1870.453, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1870453.jpg'}, {'end': 2189.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2159.375, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2160.856, 'text': 'Pretty quick rundown of lists.', 'start': 2159.375, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2162.017, 'text': 'More is coming.', 'start': 2160.996, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 2163.218, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about loops.', 'start': 2162.057, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2168.521, 'text': "Now very often you're going to want to go and execute code over and over and over again.", 'start': 2163.718, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 2170.302, 'text': 'And a while loop works great for that.', 'start': 2168.621, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2177.227, 'text': 'One rule for the while loop is you have to go and define an index outside of your while loop.', 'start': 2170.643, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 2182.951, 'text': "And basically it's going to execute as long as this condition is true.", 'start': 2177.447, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 2184.572, 'text': 'You can see the colon there again.', 'start': 2183.291, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 2186.353, 'text': 'You can also see the indentation.', 'start': 2184.612, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2189.776, 'text': "Everything that's indented is going to execute over and over again.", 'start': 2186.533, 'duration': 3.243}], 'summary': 'Introduction to loops, while loop used for repetitive execution, requires index and condition, with defined indentation.', 'duration': 30.401, 'max_score': 2159.375, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2159375.jpg'}, {'end': 2359.791, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2270.029, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2274.87, 'text': 'But remember right here, we need to increment this, otherwise this loop is going to last forever.', 'start': 2270.029, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 2280.993, 'text': "So in that situation, we're just going to go W2 is equal to 1 like that.", 'start': 2275.011, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 2287.735, 'text': "And then we know that our code is going to work and it's only going to print out even values, which is exactly what it just did.", 'start': 2281.393, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 2291.68, 'text': "Now I talked about lists before, but I didn't tell you how to cycle through a list.", 'start': 2288.154, 'duration': 3.526}, {'end': 2297.25, 'text': "So let's go and create ourselves a list and we're going to show you neater things you can do.", 'start': 2291.8, 'duration': 5.45}, {'end': 2300.636, 'text': "Let's just go just to prove that we can throw anything in here we want.", 'start': 2297.651, 'duration': 2.985}, {'end': 2303.313, 'text': "And then I'll cycle through it with a while loop.", 'start': 2301.172, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 2307.834, 'text': 'You can go while length and L4 colon.', 'start': 2303.333, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 2311.255, 'text': 'And then we can print out all these different items.', 'start': 2308.314, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 2317.637, 'text': "What we're actually going to do is pop them off of the list so they won't exist anymore.", 'start': 2311.275, 'duration': 6.362}, {'end': 2319.678, 'text': 'But there we got what we wanted.', 'start': 2317.937, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2321.898, 'text': "And that's a good rundown of while loops.", 'start': 2320.118, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 2322.999, 'text': 'Maybe do a little bit later.', 'start': 2321.938, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2324.419, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about for loops.', 'start': 2323.039, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 2329.582, 'text': 'Now four loops are going to allow you to perform an action a set number of times.', 'start': 2325.037, 'duration': 4.545}, {'end': 2332.325, 'text': "And so let's go and create one here.", 'start': 2330.403, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 2337.43, 'text': "So I'm going to go for X in and I'm going to use a range function here.", 'start': 2332.345, 'duration': 5.085}, {'end': 2348.164, 'text': 'And basically range is going to automatically kick out the values from zero up to but not including 10.', 'start': 2337.87, 'duration': 10.294}, {'end': 2351.986, 'text': "And let's say we wanted to print out all these different values.", 'start': 2348.164, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 2356.329, 'text': "Let's throw a space inside of there so that they're all on one line.", 'start': 2352.006, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 2359.791, 'text': 'We will also go end and like that.', 'start': 2356.389, 'duration': 3.402}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates usage of while and for loops to iterate through lists and perform actions a set number of times.', 'duration': 27.446, 'max_score': 2270.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2270029.jpg'}, {'end': 2472.492, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2387.314, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2394.34, 'text': "And that's a non-destructive way of doing it versus the pop that I used before, which actually deletes the list or at least it clears it out.", 'start': 2387.314, 'duration': 7.026}, {'end': 2398.704, 'text': 'You can also define a list of numbers to cycle through.', 'start': 2394.66, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 2404.869, 'text': 'So for x in two, four and six and print those out.', 'start': 2398.724, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 2406.528, 'text': 'And there you can see they are.', 'start': 2405.267, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 2409.389, 'text': "And that's a good rundown of the for loop.", 'start': 2407.048, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 2411.95, 'text': "I'm going to do much more with it as we continue.", 'start': 2409.409, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2413.471, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about iterators.', 'start': 2411.99, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2422.855, 'text': 'Now, Python is going to allow you to pass an object to a function called iter iterator, which, or iterable, which,', 'start': 2414.091, 'duration': 8.764}, {'end': 2428.838, 'text': 'is going to then return an iterator which is going to allow you to cycle through values.', 'start': 2422.855, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 2429.518, 'text': "So let's go.", 'start': 2428.898, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 2435.577, 'text': "create a list, and we'll just go 6, 9, and 12.", 'start': 2429.991, 'duration': 5.586}, {'end': 2437.158, 'text': 'Iterator is going to be.', 'start': 2435.577, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 2448.564, 'text': "we can just go L5, and now you can just go print and each time you call next on that iterable, it's going to kick out a value.", 'start': 2437.158, 'duration': 11.406}, {'end': 2450.905, 'text': 'And you can run it again the next time.', 'start': 2448.824, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 2453.766, 'text': "And you're going to get the next value.", 'start': 2451.605, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 2455.787, 'text': 'Whoops And you can see there it is.', 'start': 2453.846, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 2456.427, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 2455.807, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 2458.568, 'text': 'So quick rundown of iterators.', 'start': 2456.447, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2460.369, 'text': "Now let's talk about ranges.", 'start': 2458.588, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 2463.088, 'text': 'Now you saw the range function before.', 'start': 2461.027, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 2469.691, 'text': "And basically the range function, let's say we wanted to create a list of integers.", 'start': 2463.348, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 2472.492, 'text': 'You could do that just by this.', 'start': 2470.711, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Python provides non-destructive ways to cycle through values using for loops, iterators, and ranges.', 'duration': 49.844, 'max_score': 2387.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2387314.jpg'}, {'end': 2488.959, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2463.348, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2469.691, 'text': "And basically the range function, let's say we wanted to create a list of integers.", 'start': 2463.348, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 2472.492, 'text': 'You could do that just by this.', 'start': 2470.711, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 2478.495, 'text': 'And then list followed by range and 0 through 5.', 'start': 2472.712, 'duration': 5.783}, {'end': 2479.635, 'text': 'And there you went and created it.', 'start': 2478.495, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 2483.096, 'text': "We're also going to be able to define steps inside of there.", 'start': 2479.935, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 2487.458, 'text': "So let's change this to 10 and then throw a step inside of there.", 'start': 2483.197, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 2488.959, 'text': 'You can see how that changed.', 'start': 2487.478, 'duration': 1.481}], 'summary': 'Using range function, a list of integers from 0 to 9 was created, with the ability to define steps.', 'duration': 25.611, 'max_score': 2463.348, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2463348.jpg'}, {'end': 2552.92, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2522.084, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2534.369, 'text': 'And then tab our way in there and then we can say print and number list and then the values of X and Y as they change.', 'start': 2522.084, 'duration': 12.285}, {'end': 2537.331, 'text': 'Run it and you can see it prints out all those values.', 'start': 2535.03, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2540.558, 'text': 'Okay, so a whole bunch of examples with ranges.', 'start': 2537.637, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 2542.198, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about tuples.', 'start': 2540.598, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 2550.759, 'text': "Now tuples are going to be just like lists, except they are immutable, which means they can't be changed.", 'start': 2542.838, 'duration': 7.921}, {'end': 2552.92, 'text': "And let's go and create one.", 'start': 2551.34, 'duration': 1.58}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers python programming concepts including lists, tuples, and immutability.', 'duration': 30.836, 'max_score': 2522.084, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2522084.jpg'}], 'start': 1150.949, 'title': 'Python programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers various python programming fundamentals including random value generation, conditionals, string manipulation, working with strings and lists, looping, iterators, ranges, and tuples. it provides examples and explanations for each concept.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1451.977, 'start': 1150.949, 'title': 'Python coding: random values and conditionals', 'summary': 'Covers generating random integers, understanding nan and infinity values, and using conditionals with comparison and logical operators in python, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 301.028, 'highlights': ["Explanation of generating random values using Python's rand int function and examples of random integer outputs like 47 and 29. random integer outputs like 47 and 29", 'Explanation and examples of nan and infinity values in Python, including the use of math infinity and illustrating the concept with an example. illustrating the concept with an example', 'Detailed explanation of conditionals in Python, including the use of if, else if, and else statements, with a practical example of determining vehicle eligibility based on age. practical example of determining vehicle eligibility based on age', 'In-depth discussion of using logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) in Python conditionals, with examples of age-based conditional statements for grade determination. examples of age-based conditional statements for grade determination']}, {'end': 1717.245, 'start': 1452.457, 'title': 'Python conditional operators & string manipulation', 'summary': "Covers python's ternary operator for conditional assignments, string manipulation methods like getting the length, accessing specific characters, slicing, replacing, checking existence, and finding the first index.", 'duration': 264.788, 'highlights': ["Python's ternary operator assigns a value based on a condition, e.g., assigning 'can vote' as true if age >= 18, else false. The value of 'can vote' is assigned based on the condition 'age >= 18', resulting in 'false' when age is changed to 15.", 'Strings can be manipulated using methods like getting length, accessing specific characters, slicing, replacing, checking existence, and finding the first index. The tutorial demonstrates methods such as getting the length of a string, accessing specific characters using index, slicing, replacing, checking existence, and finding the first index.', "Demonstrates the usage of Python's string manipulation methods like replacing specific characters and checking for the existence of a string within another string. The tutorial illustrates methods such as replacing specific characters within a string and checking for the existence of a word within another string."]}, {'end': 2045.127, 'start': 1717.545, 'title': 'Working with strings and lists', 'summary': 'Covers manipulation of strings including trimming white spaces, converting between lists and strings, formatting output with f string, and checking for characters or numbers. it also delves into lists, explaining mutable data types, getting length and values, changing values, inserting, adding, and removing items.', 'duration': 327.582, 'highlights': ['Lists contain mutable pieces of data of varying data types. Lists are mutable and can contain different data types, including integers, floats, strings, and functions.', 'Manipulating strings includes trimming white spaces, converting between lists and strings, and formatting output with F string. The chapter demonstrates trimming white spaces from strings, converting lists into strings, and formatting output using F strings.', 'The chapter also covers checking if a string is either a character or a number. The transcript explains how to check if a string consists of characters or numbers using methods like isalpha, isdigit, and isnumeric.']}, {'end': 2332.325, 'start': 2045.127, 'title': 'Lists, loops, and cycling', 'summary': 'Covers the creation, manipulation, and iteration through lists, as well as the implementation of while and for loops for repeated code execution, with examples demonstrating list slicing, checking for value existence, finding minimum and maximum values, reversing a list, and cycling through lists using while and for loops.', 'duration': 287.198, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation, manipulation, and iteration through lists, as well as the implementation of while and for loops for repeated code execution. The transcript covers the creation, manipulation, and iteration through lists, as well as the implementation of while and for loops for repeated code execution.', 'Examples demonstrating list slicing, checking for value existence, finding minimum and maximum values, and reversing a list. The transcript provides examples demonstrating list slicing, checking for value existence, finding minimum and maximum values, and reversing a list.', 'Cycling through lists using while and for loops with examples of popping items off the list during iteration. The transcript demonstrates cycling through lists using while and for loops with examples of popping items off the list during iteration.']}, {'end': 2609.526, 'start': 2332.345, 'title': 'Python loops, iterators, ranges, and tuples', 'summary': 'Covers python concepts including for loops, iterators, ranges, and tuples, demonstrating examples of how to use these elements to cycle through values, create lists of integers, work with multidimensional lists, and manipulate tuples.', 'duration': 277.181, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Python for loops, including a range function that automatically generates values from zero up to but not including 10, and demonstrates how to print out all these different values in a single line. The range function automatically generates values from zero up to but not including 10, and demonstrates how to print out all these different values in a single line.', "The chapter also explains how to cycle through a list using a for loop and print out all the values, providing a non-destructive way of doing it compared to using the 'pop' function. Demonstrates how to cycle through a list using a for loop and print out all the values, providing a non-destructive way of doing it compared to using the 'pop' function.", "Additionally, the chapter introduces iterators in Python, demonstrating how to create an iterator from a list and cycle through its values using the 'next' function. Introduces iterators in Python, demonstrating how to create an iterator from a list and cycle through its values using the 'next' function.", 'The chapter also discusses ranges and their application in creating lists of integers with defined steps, as well as using for loops to cycle through multidimensional lists. Discusses ranges and their application in creating lists of integers with defined steps, as well as using for loops to cycle through multidimensional lists.', 'Furthermore, the chapter covers tuples, explaining their immutability and various operations such as getting the length, accessing elements by index, slicing, and reversing. Covers tuples, explaining their immutability and various operations such as getting the length, accessing elements by index, slicing, and reversing.']}], 'duration': 1458.577, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA1150949.jpg', 'highlights': ['Covers various python programming fundamentals including random value generation, conditionals, string manipulation, working with strings and lists, looping, iterators, ranges, and tuples.', 'In-depth discussion of using logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) in Python conditionals, with examples of age-based conditional statements for grade determination.', "Demonstrates the usage of Python's string manipulation methods like replacing specific characters and checking for the existence of a string within another string.", 'The chapter covers the creation, manipulation, and iteration through lists, as well as the implementation of while and for loops for repeated code execution.', 'The chapter covers Python for loops, including a range function that automatically generates values from zero up to but not including 10, and demonstrates how to print out all these different values in a single line.', "The chapter also explains how to cycle through a list using a for loop and print out all the values, providing a non-destructive way of doing it compared to using the 'pop' function.", "Additionally, the chapter introduces iterators in Python, demonstrating how to create an iterator from a list and cycle through its values using the 'next' function.", 'The chapter also discusses ranges and their application in creating lists of integers with defined steps, as well as using for loops to cycle through multidimensional lists.', 'Furthermore, the chapter covers tuples, explaining their immutability and various operations such as getting the length, accessing elements by index, slicing, and reversing.']}, {'end': 3852.436, 'segs': [{'end': 2855.269, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2821.568, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2828.072, 'text': "in heroes and we'd also be able to cycle through heroes.", 'start': 2821.568, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 2836.117, 'text': "so heroes, colon and we'll just say print k, and also we would be able to get values,", 'start': 2828.072, 'duration': 8.045}, {'end': 2846.763, 'text': "cycle through and get values in heroes and values colon and print v, And we'll do one more.", 'start': 2836.117, 'duration': 10.646}, {'end': 2852.467, 'text': "You'll be able to do formatted printing with something called dictionary mapping.", 'start': 2847.103, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 2855.269, 'text': "Let's create a new dictionary here to demonstrate that.", 'start': 2852.487, 'duration': 2.782}], 'summary': 'Python dictionary allows cycling through and getting values, and supports formatted printing.', 'duration': 33.701, 'max_score': 2821.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2821568.jpg'}, {'end': 3147.668, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2872.141, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2881.077, 'text': "What we're going to be able to do is say print % followed by whatever the name is in the dictionary.", 'start': 2872.141, 'duration': 8.936}, {'end': 2889.579, 'text': "So, names, cost, and then we're going to throw a dollar sign inside of here, another % and price.", 'start': 2881.437, 'duration': 8.142}, {'end': 2894.44, 'text': "And let's say we only want that to be two decimal places long.", 'start': 2890.319, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 2896.521, 'text': 'Follow that up with F for float.', 'start': 2894.66, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 2900.441, 'text': 'This S is going to stand for string, of course.', 'start': 2896.821, 'duration': 3.62}, {'end': 2908.934, 'text': "And then what we'll be able to do is go % dictionary and it's automatically going to map those values into the right place.", 'start': 2900.841, 'duration': 8.093}, {'end': 2912.035, 'text': 'So pretty cool stuff you can do with dictionaries.', 'start': 2909.314, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2913.856, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about sets.', 'start': 2912.095, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 2924.962, 'text': 'Now a set is going to be a list that is unordered, only has unique values and while values can change those values themselves must be immutable.', 'start': 2914.417, 'duration': 10.545}, {'end': 2926.183, 'text': "So let's go and create some.", 'start': 2925.062, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 2934.007, 'text': "How you do that you can go set like this and then the individual values you'd like to throw inside of here.", 'start': 2926.601, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 2938.19, 'text': "Well you're going to be able to create sets in another way as well.", 'start': 2934.407, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 2940.792, 'text': 'I think you can tell which way I prefer.', 'start': 2938.73, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 2941.925, 'text': 'Like that.', 'start': 2941.325, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 2946.467, 'text': "And let's go and get our size for our set.", 'start': 2942.565, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 2949.528, 'text': 'Again, same thing as before.', 'start': 2946.927, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 2953.069, 'text': "Length, and I'm going to throw S2 inside of there.", 'start': 2950.208, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 2954.549, 'text': "Let's go and get a couple more.", 'start': 2953.089, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 2965.554, 'text': "You're going to be able to join sets just by going S1, and the or symbol there and S2 and store them into the new guy.", 'start': 2955.049, 'duration': 10.505}, {'end': 2968.575, 'text': 'We can print that out just so you can see what it looks like.', 'start': 2965.974, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 2971.096, 'text': 'Going to be able to add values.', 'start': 2968.995, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2974.698, 'text': "So add and let's throw Doug inside of there.", 'start': 2971.757, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 2978.36, 'text': "You're going to be able to remove items as well.", 'start': 2975.118, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 2985.383, 'text': "So we'll go S3 and discard and let's throw Derek out of there because he's quite annoying.", 'start': 2978.42, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 2987.364, 'text': 'You can also remove a random value.', 'start': 2985.643, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 2991.226, 'text': 'which is kind of crazy.', 'start': 2989.665, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 2993.988, 'text': 'So random S3 pop.', 'start': 2991.727, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 2997.411, 'text': "And the reason why it's random is because it's an unordered list.", 'start': 2994.368, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 3001.313, 'text': 'You can add values will go S3 once again.', 'start': 2997.831, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 3003.275, 'text': "But remember, everything's going to be unique.", 'start': 3001.414, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 3006.297, 'text': "So anything that isn't unique is going to be automatically deleted.", 'start': 3003.315, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 3010.88, 'text': 'You would be able to come in and return common values.', 'start': 3006.677, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 3015.184, 'text': 'And how we do that, we can go S1 and enter section and S2.', 'start': 3011.421, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 3019.959, 'text': 'Go and run that.', 'start': 3019.039, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 3022.761, 'text': 'See all of the different output that comes from that.', 'start': 3020.4, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 3032.245, 'text': 'And just the way this works is only items that are in S2 that are in S1 are what comes back, not vice versa.', 'start': 3023.281, 'duration': 8.964}, {'end': 3041.509, 'text': 'You can also get all unique values by going S1 symmetric difference and S2.', 'start': 3032.625, 'duration': 8.884}, {'end': 3050.08, 'text': "We'd be able to get the values in S1 but not in S2 by going S1 Difference S2.", 'start': 3041.869, 'duration': 8.211}, {'end': 3056.584, 'text': 'We would be able to clear all the different values that are inside of a set with clear.', 'start': 3050.5, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 3060.146, 'text': "And another thing is there's something called a frozen set.", 'start': 3057.004, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 3066.95, 'text': 'And a frozen set is a set that can not be changed in any way.', 'start': 3060.687, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 3070.212, 'text': "So all the things that I just showed you, yeah, I can't do those anymore.", 'start': 3067.111, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 3072.834, 'text': "But if you'd like to create one, there it is.", 'start': 3070.593, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 3074.215, 'text': 'And you made one.', 'start': 3073.535, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 3076.597, 'text': "And that's a rundown of sets.", 'start': 3074.676, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 3078.998, 'text': 'And now I want to talk about functions.', 'start': 3076.837, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 3087.14, 'text': 'Why did it take us so long to get here? Basically, functions are going to provide code reuse, organization, and much more.', 'start': 3079.558, 'duration': 7.582}, {'end': 3088.561, 'text': "So let's go and define one.", 'start': 3087.361, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 3091.982, 'text': 'How you define a function is you go define, D-E-F.', 'start': 3088.601, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 3097.224, 'text': "And let's say that you wanted a function that just adds two values and returns them.", 'start': 3092.302, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 3101.68, 'text': "Well, let's call it GetSum, and it's going to get a number.", 'start': 3097.557, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 3110.467, 'text': "And now I could come in here and define the data type using what's called a function annotation, but you don't need to do this as you're going to see.", 'start': 3102.08, 'duration': 8.387}, {'end': 3112.768, 'text': 'But if I wanted to, I could do that.', 'start': 3110.947, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 3121.635, 'text': "Otherwise, I would just go num1 like this and num2, but I'm going to use a function annotation instead just to be different.", 'start': 3113.149, 'duration': 8.486}, {'end': 3124.79, 'text': 'Another thing we could do is provide a default value.', 'start': 3121.988, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 3130.315, 'text': "You don't need to do that either, but what the heck, let's do it just because we want to try all kinds of new things.", 'start': 3124.83, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 3131.495, 'text': 'So there it is.', 'start': 3130.855, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 3143.365, 'text': "Again colon and then indentation is going to define how big our function is, and it's going to return the value of adding num1 to num2, okay?", 'start': 3132.036, 'duration': 11.329}, {'end': 3147.668, 'text': "And the only reason it's squiggly lines here is because I don't have two spaces, okay?", 'start': 3143.665, 'duration': 4.003}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers python usage of dictionaries, sets, and functions.', 'duration': 275.527, 'max_score': 2872.141, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2872141.jpg'}, {'end': 2940.792, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2914.417, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2924.962, 'text': 'Now a set is going to be a list that is unordered, only has unique values and while values can change those values themselves must be immutable.', 'start': 2914.417, 'duration': 10.545}, {'end': 2926.183, 'text': "So let's go and create some.", 'start': 2925.062, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 2934.007, 'text': "How you do that you can go set like this and then the individual values you'd like to throw inside of here.", 'start': 2926.601, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 2938.19, 'text': "Well you're going to be able to create sets in another way as well.", 'start': 2934.407, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 2940.792, 'text': 'I think you can tell which way I prefer.', 'start': 2938.73, 'duration': 2.062}], 'summary': 'Sets in python are unordered, have unique values, and require immutable elements.', 'duration': 26.375, 'max_score': 2914.417, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2914417.jpg'}, {'end': 3124.79, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3057.004, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3060.146, 'text': "And another thing is there's something called a frozen set.", 'start': 3057.004, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 3066.95, 'text': 'And a frozen set is a set that can not be changed in any way.', 'start': 3060.687, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 3070.212, 'text': "So all the things that I just showed you, yeah, I can't do those anymore.", 'start': 3067.111, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 3072.834, 'text': "But if you'd like to create one, there it is.", 'start': 3070.593, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 3074.215, 'text': 'And you made one.', 'start': 3073.535, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 3076.597, 'text': "And that's a rundown of sets.", 'start': 3074.676, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 3078.998, 'text': 'And now I want to talk about functions.', 'start': 3076.837, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 3087.14, 'text': 'Why did it take us so long to get here? Basically, functions are going to provide code reuse, organization, and much more.', 'start': 3079.558, 'duration': 7.582}, {'end': 3088.561, 'text': "So let's go and define one.", 'start': 3087.361, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 3091.982, 'text': 'How you define a function is you go define, D-E-F.', 'start': 3088.601, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 3097.224, 'text': "And let's say that you wanted a function that just adds two values and returns them.", 'start': 3092.302, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 3101.68, 'text': "Well, let's call it GetSum, and it's going to get a number.", 'start': 3097.557, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 3110.467, 'text': "And now I could come in here and define the data type using what's called a function annotation, but you don't need to do this as you're going to see.", 'start': 3102.08, 'duration': 8.387}, {'end': 3112.768, 'text': 'But if I wanted to, I could do that.', 'start': 3110.947, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 3121.635, 'text': "Otherwise, I would just go num1 like this and num2, but I'm going to use a function annotation instead just to be different.", 'start': 3113.149, 'duration': 8.486}, {'end': 3124.79, 'text': 'Another thing we could do is provide a default value.', 'start': 3121.988, 'duration': 2.802}], 'summary': 'Introduction to frozen sets and functions in python.', 'duration': 67.786, 'max_score': 3057.004, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3057004.jpg'}, {'end': 3207.071, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3176.224, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3181.373, 'text': 'And you can have multiple different values that you do know, just as long as this guy right here comes last.', 'start': 3176.224, 'duration': 5.149}, {'end': 3182.735, 'text': 'So just remember that.', 'start': 3181.793, 'duration': 0.942}, {'end': 3188.222, 'text': "So let's go and sum an indeterminable amount of different values.", 'start': 3183.359, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 3199.527, 'text': "We're going to create a variable there and then we can just go arg in args and then say sum plus equal to whatever the value of arg is.", 'start': 3188.262, 'duration': 11.265}, {'end': 3207.071, 'text': 'And then after we do that, we can then come here and say, whoops, return sum.', 'start': 3200.028, 'duration': 7.043}], 'summary': 'Sum an indeterminable amount of different values and return the sum.', 'duration': 30.847, 'max_score': 3176.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3176224.jpg'}, {'end': 3264.444, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3227.81, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3229.371, 'text': "Let's do more complicated ones.", 'start': 3227.81, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 3235.854, 'text': "What happens if we'd like to return multiple values? Well, you could store them inside of a list and then return that.", 'start': 3229.831, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 3238.445, 'text': "but I'm going to show you another way.", 'start': 3236.584, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 3245.79, 'text': "So we can go next to, let's say we want to get a number and then we want to return the next two values that come after it.", 'start': 3238.685, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 3256.06, 'text': 'We can just say return and num1 or num plus 1 and then follow that up with num plus 2.', 'start': 3246.274, 'duration': 9.786}, {'end': 3264.444, 'text': 'And then we can go i1 and i2 is equal to and get both of those values from it.', 'start': 3256.06, 'duration': 8.384}], 'summary': 'Function returns multiple values using list or direct output.', 'duration': 36.634, 'max_score': 3227.81, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3227810.jpg'}, {'end': 3480.026, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3269.423, 'weight': 0.786, 'content': [{'end': 3273.867, 'text': 'And then we could just say i1 and followed by i2.', 'start': 3269.423, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 3277.471, 'text': 'And you can see it gets you those values you would expect.', 'start': 3274.528, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 3279.513, 'text': 'Do even more complicated things.', 'start': 3277.851, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 3281.254, 'text': "Let's say a function.", 'start': 3279.613, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 3287.5, 'text': "Let's say we would like to make a function that makes a function that multiplies by a given value.", 'start': 3281.815, 'duration': 5.685}, {'end': 3291.144, 'text': "What I'm going to do is call this mult by.", 'start': 3287.74, 'duration': 3.404}, {'end': 3294.747, 'text': "And it's going to get a number passed inside of it.", 'start': 3291.164, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 3301.794, 'text': "And then what I'm going to do is create a thing called an anonymous or an unnamed function.", 'start': 3295.231, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 3307.657, 'text': 'And how you do that is you go lambda is how you create an anonymous function.', 'start': 3302.034, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 3320.904, 'text': 'And this function is going to receive a value of X or an attribute with the name of X and multiply that times X times the number passed inside of this function.', 'start': 3308.198, 'duration': 12.706}, {'end': 3322.914, 'text': "All right, so that's all that does.", 'start': 3321.334, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 3328.836, 'text': "And now what we're going to be able to do is go three times.", 'start': 3323.454, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 3334.457, 'text': 'five is equal to, and then we will call malt by.', 'start': 3328.836, 'duration': 5.621}, {'end': 3344.279, 'text': "let's surround this with parentheses malt by, and this three is actually going to call the malt by function right here.", 'start': 3334.457, 'duration': 9.822}, {'end': 3347.52, 'text': 'And the num is going to have a value of three.', 'start': 3344.759, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 3353.805, 'text': "And then outside of that, for the function that's going to be returned, we're going to throw the five inside of it.", 'start': 3347.82, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 3356.145, 'text': "And when we run it, you're going to see it works.", 'start': 3354.365, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 3357.606, 'text': 'Okay, neat stuff.', 'start': 3356.166, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 3361.967, 'text': "Let's say we want to pass a function to a function.", 'start': 3357.666, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 3371.089, 'text': "Well, we're going to go define mult list and this guy's going to receive both a list as well as a function,", 'start': 3362.227, 'duration': 8.862}, {'end': 3375.55, 'text': "and then it's going to use the function to perform an operation on the list.", 'start': 3371.089, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 3385.178, 'text': "So I'm going to say for x in list, and print whatever the function does to that value.", 'start': 3375.99, 'duration': 9.188}, {'end': 3397.226, 'text': 'Then what we can do is I can say malt by 4 is going to be equal to malt by and 4 like that.', 'start': 3385.519, 'duration': 11.707}, {'end': 3408.154, 'text': 'And then I can go and call the malt list and create a list from a range from 0 but not including 5.', 'start': 3397.246, 'duration': 10.908}, {'end': 3414.136, 'text': 'And then after that we can go and pass in our function which is called malt by four.', 'start': 3408.154, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 3415.156, 'text': 'Cool stuff.', 'start': 3414.516, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 3416.757, 'text': 'And you can see that worked as well.', 'start': 3415.216, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 3418.017, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 3417.397, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 3425.42, 'text': "So another thing I told you is you'd be able to actually create a list of functions and I'm going to let you play with this on your own.", 'start': 3418.137, 'duration': 7.283}, {'end': 3434.639, 'text': "but let's say, when to have power list is equal to, you'd be able to go Lambda X, X, to the power of three,", 'start': 3425.913, 'duration': 8.726}, {'end': 3439.142, 'text': "or let's have that be two and then do it again.", 'start': 3434.639, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 3441.303, 'text': 'So Lambda dah, dah, dah, dah, dah.', 'start': 3439.162, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3444.445, 'text': 'And you could throw as many functions in here as you would like.', 'start': 3441.723, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 3451.49, 'text': 'And you can go play with that on your own to see how you can cycle through those list items and have them perform all kinds of calculations.', 'start': 3445.106, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 3453.126, 'text': 'So cool stuff.', 'start': 3452.065, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 3457.369, 'text': 'And now I wanna talk about a related topic, which is map.', 'start': 3453.486, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 3462.973, 'text': 'Now you can use a map to execute a function on a list in a similar way.', 'start': 3457.749, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 3470.739, 'text': "So let's go one, two, four, and this is gonna be a range, one to five.", 'start': 3463.093, 'duration': 7.646}, {'end': 3480.026, 'text': 'And you could do something like times two is equal to lambda, which receives a value of X.', 'start': 3471.5, 'duration': 8.526}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating and using functions, passing functions to functions, and using map to execute functions on a list.', 'duration': 210.603, 'max_score': 3269.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3269423.jpg'}, {'end': 3320.904, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3279.613, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 3281.254, 'text': "Let's say a function.", 'start': 3279.613, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 3287.5, 'text': "Let's say we would like to make a function that makes a function that multiplies by a given value.", 'start': 3281.815, 'duration': 5.685}, {'end': 3291.144, 'text': "What I'm going to do is call this mult by.", 'start': 3287.74, 'duration': 3.404}, {'end': 3294.747, 'text': "And it's going to get a number passed inside of it.", 'start': 3291.164, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 3301.794, 'text': "And then what I'm going to do is create a thing called an anonymous or an unnamed function.", 'start': 3295.231, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 3307.657, 'text': 'And how you do that is you go lambda is how you create an anonymous function.', 'start': 3302.034, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 3320.904, 'text': 'And this function is going to receive a value of X or an attribute with the name of X and multiply that times X times the number passed inside of this function.', 'start': 3308.198, 'duration': 12.706}], 'summary': 'Creating a function to multiply a given value using an anonymous function.', 'duration': 41.291, 'max_score': 3279.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3279613.jpg'}, {'end': 3385.178, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3357.666, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 3361.967, 'text': "Let's say we want to pass a function to a function.", 'start': 3357.666, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 3371.089, 'text': "Well, we're going to go define mult list and this guy's going to receive both a list as well as a function,", 'start': 3362.227, 'duration': 8.862}, {'end': 3375.55, 'text': "and then it's going to use the function to perform an operation on the list.", 'start': 3371.089, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 3385.178, 'text': "So I'm going to say for x in list, and print whatever the function does to that value.", 'start': 3375.99, 'duration': 9.188}], 'summary': "Function 'mult_list' applies a function to each element of a list.", 'duration': 27.512, 'max_score': 3357.666, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3357666.jpg'}, {'end': 3470.739, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3445.106, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 3451.49, 'text': 'And you can go play with that on your own to see how you can cycle through those list items and have them perform all kinds of calculations.', 'start': 3445.106, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 3453.126, 'text': 'So cool stuff.', 'start': 3452.065, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 3457.369, 'text': 'And now I wanna talk about a related topic, which is map.', 'start': 3453.486, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 3462.973, 'text': 'Now you can use a map to execute a function on a list in a similar way.', 'start': 3457.749, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 3470.739, 'text': "So let's go one, two, four, and this is gonna be a range, one to five.", 'start': 3463.093, 'duration': 7.646}], 'summary': 'Learn how to cycle through list items and execute functions using map, e.g., with a range of 1 to 5.', 'duration': 25.633, 'max_score': 3445.106, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3445106.jpg'}, {'end': 3533.95, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3505.454, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3508.174, 'text': "All right, and you can play around with map, map's a ton of fun.", 'start': 3505.454, 'duration': 2.72}, {'end': 3510.755, 'text': "Let's talk about a related topic, which is filter.", 'start': 3508.194, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 3518.776, 'text': "Basically what filter's gonna do is allow you to select items based off of a function or a condition.", 'start': 3511.235, 'duration': 7.541}, {'end': 3522.477, 'text': "So let's say we wanted to print out the even values from a list.", 'start': 3519.056, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 3528.185, 'text': 'We could go print and list and filter.', 'start': 3523.24, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 3533.95, 'text': "And then we'll say lambda gets a value of x.", 'start': 3528.685, 'duration': 5.265}], 'summary': 'Using filter to select items based on a function or condition.', 'duration': 28.496, 'max_score': 3505.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3505454.jpg'}, {'end': 3612.06, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3538.935, 'weight': 0.735, 'content': [{'end': 3543.899, 'text': "And if it's equal to 0, then it's going to say it's good.", 'start': 3538.935, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 3545.681, 'text': "Otherwise, it's going to say forget you.", 'start': 3544.099, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 3550.05, 'text': "And we'll go like this and like that and boom.", 'start': 3546.548, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 3552.511, 'text': 'And you can see we only have our even values.', 'start': 3550.33, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 3553.031, 'text': 'So neat.', 'start': 3552.531, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 3556.553, 'text': 'And then another cool related guy is reduce.', 'start': 3553.552, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 3561.275, 'text': 'And basically what reduce is going to do is receive a list and return a single result.', 'start': 3556.813, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 3564.177, 'text': "So let's say we wanted to add up values in a list.", 'start': 3561.315, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 3567.494, 'text': 'We could go print and reduce.', 'start': 3564.693, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 3572.577, 'text': 'And once again, lambda gets a value of x.', 'start': 3567.995, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 3575.478, 'text': "And then it's also going to get a value of y.", 'start': 3572.577, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 3577.84, 'text': 'So you can use multiple different attributes with these.', 'start': 3575.478, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 3582.562, 'text': "And then it's going to go and take each of those individual values, add them up.", 'start': 3578.14, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 3588.095, 'text': "and it's going to use a range, and we'll say 1 through 6.", 'start': 3583.391, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 3589.817, 'text': 'There we are, and there we go.', 'start': 3588.095, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3593.761, 'text': 'And you can see it went and reduced those to one sum value.', 'start': 3589.917, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 3595.063, 'text': 'So cool stuff.', 'start': 3594.082, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3597.005, 'text': "Now we're going to talk about exception handling.", 'start': 3595.243, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 3603.15, 'text': "Now through exception handling, you're going to be able to handle errors that would otherwise crash your program.", 'start': 3597.423, 'duration': 5.727}, {'end': 3612.06, 'text': "And what I want to do here is I want to create an infinite loop, which means it's basically going to execute until break is reached.", 'start': 3603.19, 'duration': 8.87}], 'summary': 'Introduction to python functions, reduce function, and exception handling.', 'duration': 73.125, 'max_score': 3538.935, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3538935.jpg'}, {'end': 3603.15, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3561.315, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3564.177, 'text': "So let's say we wanted to add up values in a list.", 'start': 3561.315, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 3567.494, 'text': 'We could go print and reduce.', 'start': 3564.693, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 3572.577, 'text': 'And once again, lambda gets a value of x.', 'start': 3567.995, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 3575.478, 'text': "And then it's also going to get a value of y.", 'start': 3572.577, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 3577.84, 'text': 'So you can use multiple different attributes with these.', 'start': 3575.478, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 3582.562, 'text': "And then it's going to go and take each of those individual values, add them up.", 'start': 3578.14, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 3588.095, 'text': "and it's going to use a range, and we'll say 1 through 6.", 'start': 3583.391, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 3589.817, 'text': 'There we are, and there we go.', 'start': 3588.095, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3593.761, 'text': 'And you can see it went and reduced those to one sum value.', 'start': 3589.917, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 3595.063, 'text': 'So cool stuff.', 'start': 3594.082, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3597.005, 'text': "Now we're going to talk about exception handling.", 'start': 3595.243, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 3603.15, 'text': "Now through exception handling, you're going to be able to handle errors that would otherwise crash your program.", 'start': 3597.423, 'duration': 5.727}], 'summary': 'Using lambda and reduce to sum values in a list with a range of 1 through 6, and discussing exception handling.', 'duration': 41.835, 'max_score': 3561.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3561315.jpg'}, {'end': 3761.969, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3726.924, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3734.789, 'text': "Now I'm going to talk about databases here in a minute, but we can actually save and read data directly from files.", 'start': 3726.924, 'duration': 7.865}, {'end': 3747.017, 'text': "And what we're going to do is we're going to start the code which is going to guarantee that the file is going to be closed automatically by using with.", 'start': 3735.47, 'duration': 11.547}, {'end': 3748.698, 'text': "So we're going to say with.", 'start': 3747.237, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 3761.969, 'text': "Open and we're going to name our file MyData.Text and then follow that up with the mode that we will be using with this file,", 'start': 3749.899, 'duration': 12.07}], 'summary': "Using 'with' statement to automatically close file after saving and reading data.", 'duration': 35.045, 'max_score': 3726.924, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3726924.jpg'}], 'start': 2610.191, 'title': 'Python data structures and functions', 'summary': 'Covers creation, manipulation, and functions of dictionaries and sets, introduction to python functions, and exception handling and file io, including operations such as getting values, and handling errors.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3056.584, 'start': 2610.191, 'title': 'Dictionaries, sets, and their functions', 'summary': 'Covers the creation, manipulation, and functions of dictionaries and sets, including creating dictionaries with key-value pairs, performing operations such as getting values, adding and removing items, and formatted printing, and creating sets with unique values and performing operations like joining, adding, removing, and returning specific sets of values.', 'duration': 446.393, 'highlights': ['Creating dictionaries with key-value pairs and performing operations like getting values, adding and removing items, and formatted printing Demonstrates the creation of dictionaries using key-value pairs, along with operations such as getting values, adding and removing items, and performing formatted printing.', 'Creating sets with unique values and performing operations like joining, adding, removing, and returning specific sets of values Covers the creation of sets with unique values and various operations including joining sets, adding and removing items, and returning specific sets of values based on different set operations.']}, {'end': 3279.513, 'start': 3057.004, 'title': 'Introduction to python functions', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of frozen sets, provides a rundown of sets, and then delves into the basics of defining functions in python, including handling default values, multiple arguments, and returning multiple values.', 'duration': 222.509, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of frozen sets Frozen sets are sets that cannot be changed in any way, providing a brief explanation of their nature and purpose.', 'Provides a rundown of sets A brief explanation of sets and their characteristics, indicating their immutability and purpose.', 'Defines a function that adds two values and returns them An example of defining a simple function called GetSum that adds two values and returns the result, showcasing the syntax and functionality of Python functions.', 'Discusses handling default values and function annotations Explanation of providing default values and using function annotations in defining functions, showcasing flexibility and options available in Python function definitions.', 'Demonstrates handling an indeterminable number of arguments in a function A demonstration of creating a function that can accept an indeterminable number of arguments, using the *args syntax and iterating through the arguments to perform a sum.', 'Illustrates returning multiple values from a function An illustration of returning multiple values from a function by directly listing the values to be returned, followed by an example of calling the function and retrieving the multiple return values.']}, {'end': 3588.095, 'start': 3279.613, 'title': 'Functions, maps, filters & reduce in python', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of functions, maps, filters, and reduce in python, demonstrating the creation of functions, passing functions to other functions, using map to execute a function on a list, filtering items based on a condition, and using reduce to return a single result from a list.', 'duration': 308.482, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of functions and demonstrates the creation of functions that multiply a given value by a number using lambda functions. The chapter starts with creating a function, mult by, using a lambda function to multiply a given value by a number, and then demonstrates how to use this function by calling mult by with the values 3 and 5.', 'The chapter explains how to pass a function to another function and demonstrates the creation of a function that receives a list and a function, using the passed function to perform an operation on the list. It explains the concept of passing a function to another function and demonstrates creating a function, mult list, that receives a list and a function, using the passed function to perform an operation on the list.', 'The chapter discusses creating a list of functions and encourages exploring how to cycle through the list items to perform various calculations. It mentions the ability to create a list of functions and encourages exploring how to cycle through the list items to perform various calculations.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of map and demonstrates using it to execute a function on a list, multiplying each element by 2. It introduces the concept of map and demonstrates using it to execute a function on a list, multiplying each element by 2, and then printing the resulting list.', 'The chapter explains the usage of filter to select items based on a condition and demonstrates filtering out even values from a list. It explains the usage of filter to select items based on a condition and demonstrates filtering out even values from a list using a lambda function.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of reduce and demonstrates using it to return a single result from a list, such as adding up values in a list. It introduces the concept of reduce and demonstrates using it to return a single result from a list, such as adding up values in a list using a lambda function and a given range.']}, {'end': 3852.436, 'start': 3588.095, 'title': 'Exception handling and file io', 'summary': "Discusses exception handling to prevent program crashes by using try and accept blocks to handle errors, and demonstrates file io by writing and reading data from files using 'with' open and close, ensuring automatic file closure.", 'duration': 264.341, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates handling errors through exception handling using try and accept blocks to prevent program crashes. It explains how to create a try block to handle potential errors and use accept blocks to catch specific errors or all exceptions, providing error messages and ensuring program stability.', "The chapter showcases file IO by writing and reading data from files using 'with' open and close, ensuring automatic file closure. It details the usage of 'with' open to automatically close files, demonstrates writing data to a file and reading data from a file, and emphasizes the importance of closing the file after use for program efficiency."]}], 'duration': 1242.245, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA2610191.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates handling an indeterminable number of arguments in a function', 'Illustrates returning multiple values from a function', 'Explains the usage of filter to select items based on a condition and demonstrates filtering out even values from a list', 'Introduces the concept of reduce and demonstrates using it to return a single result from a list, such as adding up values in a list', 'The chapter demonstrates handling errors through exception handling using try and accept blocks to prevent program crashes', "The chapter showcases file IO by writing and reading data from files using 'with' open and close, ensuring automatic file closure", 'Creating dictionaries with key-value pairs and performing operations like getting values, adding and removing items, and formatted printing', 'Creating sets with unique values and performing operations like joining, adding, removing, and returning specific sets of values', 'The chapter introduces the concept of frozen sets', 'Provides a rundown of sets', 'Defines a function that adds two values and returns them', 'Discusses handling default values and function annotations', 'Demonstrates the creation of functions that multiply a given value by a number using lambda functions', 'The chapter explains how to pass a function to another function and demonstrates the creation of a function that receives a list and a function, using the passed function to perform an operation on the list', 'The chapter discusses creating a list of functions and encourages exploring how to cycle through the list items to perform various calculations', 'The chapter introduces the concept of map and demonstrates using it to execute a function on a list, multiplying each element by 2']}, {'end': 4549.154, 'segs': [{'end': 3898.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3868.288, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3877.556, 'text': 'Well, in programming languages, what we do is we model objects, real world objects, by defining those attributes and capabilities,', 'start': 3868.288, 'duration': 9.268}, {'end': 3882.179, 'text': 'except we call the attributes fields and we call the capabilities methods or functions.', 'start': 3877.556, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 3888.945, 'text': "Now I'm going to create a class that's going to model a square and I'm going to, first off,", 'start': 3882.76, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 3898.37, 'text': 'create the Initiation function and this is going to be called every single time you try to call or create a new square object,', 'start': 3888.945, 'duration': 9.425}], 'summary': 'Programming languages model real world objects using attributes and methods. creating a class for modeling a square involves an initiation function called every time a new square object is created.', 'duration': 30.082, 'max_score': 3868.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3868288.jpg'}, {'end': 4014.681, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3868.288, 'weight': 0.876, 'content': [{'end': 3877.556, 'text': 'Well, in programming languages, what we do is we model objects, real world objects, by defining those attributes and capabilities,', 'start': 3868.288, 'duration': 9.268}, {'end': 3882.179, 'text': 'except we call the attributes fields and we call the capabilities methods or functions.', 'start': 3877.556, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 3888.945, 'text': "Now I'm going to create a class that's going to model a square and I'm going to, first off,", 'start': 3882.76, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 3898.37, 'text': 'create the Initiation function and this is going to be called every single time you try to call or create a new square object,', 'start': 3888.945, 'duration': 9.425}, {'end': 3911.498, 'text': "and I'm going to go and put a height inside of here of 0 and a width of 0, also just as a default in case the user does not enter anything and then I,", 'start': 3898.37, 'duration': 13.128}, {'end': 3921.167, 'text': "If we are going to want to refer to our object, because when we create square objects we don't know what the user is going to name them.", 'start': 3912.165, 'duration': 9.002}, {'end': 3931.47, 'text': "So if you want to refer to the object itself, you refer to, or you use the word self to refer to the objects you're working with.", 'start': 3921.607, 'duration': 9.863}, {'end': 3936.144, 'text': "So it's like one of those chicken or the egg type of situations.", 'start': 3932.142, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 3937.325, 'text': 'So there you go.', 'start': 3936.704, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 3942.487, 'text': "Whenever you create a square, it's automatically going to initialize the height and the width.", 'start': 3937.345, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 3951.852, 'text': 'Now, if we want to protect or provide some type of special output every time the user tries to get information,', 'start': 3942.908, 'duration': 8.944}, {'end': 3955.974, 'text': 'what we are going to do is create a getter for it.', 'start': 3951.852, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 3957.815, 'text': 'This is a getter function.', 'start': 3956.514, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3959.536, 'text': 'And how you create one?', 'start': 3958.355, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 3969.482, 'text': 'is you just list out whatever the name is for the item you want to get and then you could do something special,', 'start': 3960.436, 'duration': 9.046}, {'end': 3979.289, 'text': "like saying retrieving the height or whatever, or you could just verify that they're trying to give you really good data and, if not, block it.", 'start': 3969.482, 'duration': 9.807}, {'end': 3991.984, 'text': "if you're using setters and otherwise you just return the height and here is a setter to go and create that you go Height and Setter.", 'start': 3979.289, 'duration': 12.695}, {'end': 3999.209, 'text': 'And then once again you go Define and Height and whatever the value is.', 'start': 3992.464, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 4003.653, 'text': "Like I said, you could go and block it if they're giving you some type of bad data.", 'start': 3999.329, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 4005.674, 'text': "I'll give you an example of how that would work.", 'start': 4003.833, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 4014.681, 'text': "If the value is a digit, well then we will say it's okay to assign it.", 'start': 4006.275, 'duration': 8.406}], 'summary': 'In programming, modeling a square object using attributes and methods, also implementing getters and setters for data protection.', 'duration': 146.393, 'max_score': 3868.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3868288.jpg'}, {'end': 3969.482, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3937.345, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3942.487, 'text': "Whenever you create a square, it's automatically going to initialize the height and the width.", 'start': 3937.345, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 3951.852, 'text': 'Now, if we want to protect or provide some type of special output every time the user tries to get information,', 'start': 3942.908, 'duration': 8.944}, {'end': 3955.974, 'text': 'what we are going to do is create a getter for it.', 'start': 3951.852, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 3957.815, 'text': 'This is a getter function.', 'start': 3956.514, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3959.536, 'text': 'And how you create one?', 'start': 3958.355, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 3969.482, 'text': 'is you just list out whatever the name is for the item you want to get and then you could do something special,', 'start': 3960.436, 'duration': 9.046}], 'summary': 'Creating a getter function for initializing height and width of a square.', 'duration': 32.137, 'max_score': 3937.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3937345.jpg'}, {'end': 4212.03, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4139.336, 'weight': 0.8, 'content': [{'end': 4143.377, 'text': 'Run it, and you can see the area is 100, exactly like we would have thought.', 'start': 4139.336, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 4147.3, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about inheritance and polymorphism.', 'start': 4143.698, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 4153.202, 'text': "Well, we're going to create another class here, and I'm going to call it animal.", 'start': 4147.76, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 4155.964, 'text': 'Create another init function.', 'start': 4153.662, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 4160.506, 'text': "Why do I keep typing self? And we're just going to have this be simple.", 'start': 4156.544, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 4169.35, 'text': "We're going to say a name, which is going to be unknown by default, and then a weight, which is going to be zero by default.", 'start': 4160.546, 'duration': 8.804}, {'end': 4182.272, 'text': "so that's going to initialize all of our animals and now property and do this for the name that's going to assign this name.", 'start': 4169.89, 'duration': 12.382}, {'end': 4192.794, 'text': "and to do so we'll just say self name is equal to whatever the name is, and we'll throw a function inside of here called make noise,", 'start': 4182.272, 'duration': 10.522}, {'end': 4197.897, 'text': 'which is just going to return ger as a default.', 'start': 4192.794, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 4203.182, 'text': 'and if you would ever want to cast a object to a string type,', 'start': 4197.897, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 4212.03, 'text': 'you can define that just by going define and string and then define what the return is going to be.', 'start': 4203.182, 'duration': 8.848}], 'summary': 'Transcript covers class creation, initialization, and functions for animals.', 'duration': 72.694, 'max_score': 4139.336, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4139336.jpg'}, {'end': 4296.288, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4272.707, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4282.536, 'text': "in this example, I'm going to show you how to define, how to evaluate if one animal object is greater than another animal object.", 'start': 4272.707, 'duration': 9.829}, {'end': 4286.52, 'text': 'So define, and this stands for greater than.', 'start': 4283.157, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 4288.182, 'text': "I'll show you the other ones here in a second.", 'start': 4286.56, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 4292.986, 'text': "So what this is going to do is get the object itself we're working with.", 'start': 4288.802, 'duration': 4.184}, {'end': 4296.288, 'text': 'and then a second animal object.', 'start': 4293.587, 'duration': 2.701}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating how to define and evaluate greater than for animal objects.', 'duration': 23.581, 'max_score': 4272.707, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4272707.jpg'}, {'end': 4368.641, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4344.225, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4355.652, 'text': 'So now what I want to do is show you how to create another class dog which is going to inherit all of the methods and fields that are in the animal object,', 'start': 4344.225, 'duration': 11.427}, {'end': 4357.893, 'text': 'just by putting animal in there just like that.', 'start': 4355.652, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 4359.254, 'text': "And now what we're going to do.", 'start': 4358.273, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 4362.859, 'text': 'is go and create another initialization function.', 'start': 4359.998, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 4368.641, 'text': "And this guy is going to be passed a name, which we're going to put as unknown.", 'start': 4363.419, 'duration': 5.222}], 'summary': "Creating a new class 'dog' to inherit from the 'animal' class with an additional initialization function taking a default name", 'duration': 24.416, 'max_score': 4344.225, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4344225.jpg'}, {'end': 4552.378, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4524.424, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4529.247, 'text': 'spot is an animal, says ger, bowser is a dog and says ger and is owned by bob and false.', 'start': 4524.424, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 4531.83, 'text': 'All right, so cool stuff.', 'start': 4529.867, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 4539.382, 'text': 'And in regards to polymorphism, with Python, polymorphism is going to work a little bit differently from other languages.', 'start': 4532.011, 'duration': 7.371}, {'end': 4549.154, 'text': "in that functions are going to basically accept any object and then just expect that the object's going to be able to provide the needed method.", 'start': 4539.944, 'duration': 9.21}, {'end': 4552.378, 'text': "So this isn't something really to dwell on.", 'start': 4549.715, 'duration': 2.663}], 'summary': "Python's polymorphism accepts any object for method invocation.", 'duration': 27.954, 'max_score': 4524.424, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4524424.jpg'}], 'start': 3852.997, 'title': 'Object and python class modeling', 'summary': 'Explains object modeling in programming including the creation of a class to model a square, initiation function, getters, setters, area calculation, inheritance, and polymorphism. it also covers creating classes, inheritance, defining magic methods for operator overloading, and demonstrating polymorphism in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4147.3, 'start': 3852.997, 'title': 'Object modeling in programming', 'summary': 'Explains object modeling in programming, demonstrating the creation of a class to model a square, including the initiation function, getters, setters, and a method to calculate the area, while also touching on inheritance and polymorphism.', 'duration': 294.303, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of modeling real-world objects in programming by defining attributes as fields and capabilities as methods or functions, providing a simple example of creating a class to model a square with an initiation function, getters, setters, and a method to calculate the area.', 'It demonstrates the use of getters and setters to protect and provide special output when retrieving or setting information, including examples of blocking bad data and only accepting valid data, contributing to a better understanding of data protection techniques.', 'It introduces the concept of inheritance and polymorphism as fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, broadening the scope of understanding beyond basic object modeling and manipulation.', 'The chapter provides a clear explanation of how to create a class to model a square, including the initiation function, getters, setters, and a method to calculate the area, offering hands-on experience and practical understanding of object-oriented programming concepts.']}, {'end': 4549.154, 'start': 4147.76, 'title': 'Python class and inheritance', 'summary': 'Discusses creating classes, inheritance, defining magic methods for operator overloading, and demonstrating polymorphism in python, with examples of creating animal and dog classes and their functionalities.', 'duration': 401.394, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains creating classes in Python, including initializing properties and defining methods, with examples of the animal and dog classes. (Relevance: 5)', 'It demonstrates inheritance in Python, showing how the dog class can inherit methods and fields from the animal class. (Relevance: 4)', 'The chapter discusses defining magic methods for operator overloading, such as greater than, equal, not equal to, and less than, with examples of evaluating weight comparison between animal objects. (Relevance: 3)', 'It showcases polymorphism in Python, explaining how functions can accept any object and expect the object to provide the required method, with practical examples of creating animal and dog objects and testing functionalities. (Relevance: 2)']}], 'duration': 696.157, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA3852997.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of modeling real-world objects in programming, providing a simple example of creating a class to model a square with an initiation function, getters, setters, and a method to calculate the area.', 'It introduces the concept of inheritance and polymorphism as fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, broadening the scope of understanding beyond basic object modeling and manipulation.', 'It demonstrates the use of getters and setters to protect and provide special output when retrieving or setting information, contributing to a better understanding of data protection techniques.', 'The chapter explains creating classes in Python, including initializing properties and defining methods, with examples of the animal and dog classes.', 'It demonstrates inheritance in Python, showing how the dog class can inherit methods and fields from the animal class.', 'The chapter discusses defining magic methods for operator overloading, such as greater than, equal, not equal to, and less than, with examples of evaluating weight comparison between animal objects.', 'It showcases polymorphism in Python, explaining how functions can accept any object and expect the object to provide the required method, with practical examples of creating animal and dog objects and testing functionalities.']}, {'end': 5123.113, 'segs': [{'end': 4586.94, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4549.715, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4552.378, 'text': "So this isn't something really to dwell on.", 'start': 4549.715, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 4556.843, 'text': 'Python just does polymorphism without having to think about it.', 'start': 4552.478, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 4558.204, 'text': 'All right, so cool stuff.', 'start': 4556.863, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4559.766, 'text': 'Now I want to talk about threads.', 'start': 4558.284, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 4563.853, 'text': "Okay, so basically a thread, it sounds complicated, it really isn't.", 'start': 4560.552, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 4570.335, 'text': "A thread is just a block of code, and whenever we are going to be using them, the way that I'm using them here,", 'start': 4564.173, 'duration': 6.162}, {'end': 4580.238, 'text': 'which is basically creating them having code execute and then go to sleep for a random period of time and then wake up and start executing again this is just called threading.', 'start': 4570.335, 'duration': 9.903}, {'end': 4584.179, 'text': 'And you need to import that module there to make this work.', 'start': 4580.958, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 4586.94, 'text': "You're also gonna need random, whatever, just keep them all.", 'start': 4584.199, 'duration': 2.741}], 'summary': "Python's polymorphism is seamless, and threading involves code execution and sleep for random periods.", 'duration': 37.225, 'max_score': 4549.715, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4549715.jpg'}, {'end': 4872.32, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4845.153, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4850.616, 'text': 'And then we will go and just have that thread start executing by going thread start.', 'start': 4845.153, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 4856.685, 'text': 'And then what we can do outside of this is basically just display the active threads.', 'start': 4851.096, 'duration': 5.589}, {'end': 4860.789, 'text': 'So just so we have some stuff on the screen bouncing around.', 'start': 4856.825, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 4862.871, 'text': "So we'll go Threads.", 'start': 4861.449, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 4865.974, 'text': 'And then we can go Threading.', 'start': 4863.311, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 4872.32, 'text': "And we'll just get the number of threads currently with active count.", 'start': 4865.994, 'duration': 6.326}], 'summary': 'Executing thread start and displaying active threads, using threading to get the number of active threads.', 'duration': 27.167, 'max_score': 4845.153, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4845153.jpg'}, {'end': 4968.352, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4942.276, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4947.138, 'text': "And I'm just going to give you a overview of the simple things you can do with them in Python.", 'start': 4942.276, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 4951.259, 'text': 'And I have other tutorials that cover regular expressions in mass detail.', 'start': 4947.358, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 4957.26, 'text': "One thing we're going to have to do here is import another module and that's RE.", 'start': 4951.599, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 4962.95, 'text': "And let's just go and check for ape in a string.", 'start': 4958.008, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 4968.352, 'text': "So I'm going to say to do that, you go if re and search.", 'start': 4963.41, 'duration': 4.942}], 'summary': "Overview of using python for regular expressions, including importing the re module and searching for 'ape' in a string.", 'duration': 26.076, 'max_score': 4942.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4942276.jpg'}], 'start': 4549.715, 'title': 'Python polymorphism, threading, multithreading, and regular expressions', 'summary': "Discusses python's polymorphism, the basics of threading, creating and managing threads, and provides a brief overview of regular expressions in python. it covers executing code, sleep periods, active threads, and basic operations of regular expressions, inviting further exploration into advanced usage.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4586.94, 'start': 4549.715, 'title': 'Python polymorphism and threading', 'summary': "Discusses python's polymorphism and the basics of threading, including creating threads to execute code and sleep for a random period of time before waking up and resuming execution.", 'duration': 37.225, 'highlights': ['Python does polymorphism without having to think about it', 'A thread in Python is just a block of code used for executing and sleeping for random periods', 'The chapter demonstrates creating threads, making code execute, sleeping for random periods, and then waking up to resume execution']}, {'end': 5123.113, 'start': 4587.36, 'title': 'Python multithreading and regular expressions', 'summary': 'Covers the creation of executethread function to manage threads, including generating random sleep periods and displaying active threads, followed by a brief overview of regular expressions in python, demonstrating basic operations and their functionality, and an invitation to explore further tutorials for more advanced usage.', 'duration': 535.753, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation of ExecuteThread function to manage threads, including generating random sleep periods and displaying active threads.', 'A brief overview of regular expressions in Python, demonstrating basic operations and their functionality, and an invitation to explore further tutorials for more advanced usage.']}], 'duration': 573.398, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA4549715.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python does polymorphism without having to think about it', 'The chapter demonstrates creating threads, making code execute, sleeping for random periods, and then waking up to resume execution', 'The chapter covers the creation of ExecuteThread function to manage threads, including generating random sleep periods and displaying active threads', 'A brief overview of regular expressions in Python, demonstrating basic operations and their functionality, and an invitation to explore further tutorials for more advanced usage']}, {'end': 5527.564, 'segs': [{'end': 5148.353, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5123.554, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5129.098, 'text': 'And now I want to talk about how to interact with an SQL light three database using Python.', 'start': 5123.554, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 5137.345, 'text': "Now, a database is even better than storing a simple file, because it's going to make it very easy for you to organize your data for storage,", 'start': 5129.519, 'duration': 7.826}, {'end': 5138.566, 'text': 'as well as fast searching.', 'start': 5137.345, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 5140.568, 'text': "We're going to need a couple more modules here.", 'start': 5138.586, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 5148.353, 'text': "I'm going to also go and import SQLite 3 and you can work with any database.", 'start': 5140.988, 'duration': 7.365}], 'summary': 'Using python to interact with sqlite 3 for organized data storage and fast searching.', 'duration': 24.799, 'max_score': 5123.554, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5123554.jpg'}, {'end': 5278.045, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5245.327, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5247.667, 'text': "So we're going to go DB connection.", 'start': 5245.327, 'duration': 2.34}, {'end': 5252.108, 'text': 'And to get the cursor, you just go like that.', 'start': 5248.367, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 5253.389, 'text': 'And there we have it.', 'start': 5252.649, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 5257.75, 'text': 'And what else do we want to do? Well, I think we can jump back up here and work with this some more.', 'start': 5253.929, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 5266.782, 'text': 'OK, so here is a database command that is going to select the ID first name, last name, age, address, salary, hire,', 'start': 5258.22, 'duration': 8.562}, {'end': 5270.543, 'text': 'date from a table called Employees.', 'start': 5266.782, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 5278.045, 'text': 'And whenever you do that, Result is going to store a list of all of those lists.', 'start': 5271.163, 'duration': 6.882}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating db connection and executing a query to retrieve employee data.', 'duration': 32.718, 'max_score': 5245.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5245327.jpg'}, {'end': 5375.488, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5352.031, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5359.036, 'text': "And I'm going to throw and throw another block of SQL inside of here to create the table employees.", 'start': 5352.031, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 5360.537, 'text': 'And here is everything.', 'start': 5359.617, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 5370.044, 'text': "So to create a table, you're just going to go create table, the name of the table, and then you're going to list out all of the different types.", 'start': 5360.637, 'duration': 9.407}, {'end': 5375.488, 'text': "As you can see here, what we're going to have first is an ID that is going to be an integer.", 'start': 5370.484, 'duration': 5.004}], 'summary': "Creating a table 'employees' with an id as an integer.", 'duration': 23.457, 'max_score': 5352.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5352031.jpg'}, {'end': 5481.203, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5422.682, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5426.925, 'text': "So we're going to go DB connection and commit.", 'start': 5422.682, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 5431.828, 'text': 'And now we can say that the table was created.', 'start': 5427.565, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 5433.232, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 5432.532, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 5438.233, 'text': "And what else do we want to do? Well, we're going to have to handle any potential errors.", 'start': 5433.732, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 5443.254, 'text': "And more than likely, the error you're going to get is SQLite 3.", 'start': 5438.893, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 5446.115, 'text': 'Again, operation error.', 'start': 5443.254, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 5451.196, 'text': "And more than likely, if that comes back, that just means the table couldn't be created.", 'start': 5446.815, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 5456.757, 'text': "So we're just going to go like this and throw that table not created.", 'start': 5451.276, 'duration': 5.481}, {'end': 5457.357, 'text': 'How about that??', 'start': 5456.817, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 5460.913, 'text': 'okay, and what else do we got to do here?', 'start': 5457.871, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 5466.075, 'text': "well, while it's, let's go and insert some data into our table.", 'start': 5460.913, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 5470.497, 'text': 'and how you do that is with a sql command called insert into.', 'start': 5466.075, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 5481.203, 'text': "so we'll go db again and connection and execute, and the command And what we're going to do is insert into employees.", 'start': 5470.497, 'duration': 10.706}], 'summary': 'Creating a table, handling potential errors, and inserting data into the table using sql commands.', 'duration': 58.521, 'max_score': 5422.682, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5422682.jpg'}], 'start': 5123.554, 'title': 'Interacting with sql lite 3 in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to interact with an sql lite 3 database using python, including creating a database, retrieving data from a table using select, handling potential errors, and the benefits of using a database for organizing and fast searching. it also covers creating a table in a database, defining its structure, inserting data, and printing the database information.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5297.358, 'start': 5123.554, 'title': 'Interacting with sql lite 3 in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to interact with an sql lite 3 database using python, including creating a database, retrieving data from a table using select, and handling potential errors, emphasizing the benefits of using a database for organizing and fast searching.', 'duration': 173.804, 'highlights': ['Explains the process of creating a database using SQLite 3 and the benefits it provides for organizing and fast searching data.', 'Demonstrates the retrieval of data from a table using the select command and the resulting list of records.', 'Emphasizes the handling of potential errors, specifically focusing on handling SQLite 3 Operation Error.']}, {'end': 5527.564, 'start': 5298.119, 'title': 'Database table creation and data insertion', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating a table in a database, including defining its structure and inserting data, while handling potential errors, and finally printing the database information.', 'duration': 229.445, 'highlights': ['To create a table in the database, the process involves defining the structure with specified data types, such as integer, text, and real number, and committing the changes to the database. Process of creating a table with defined structure and data types.', "The chapter also covers the insertion of data into the created table using the 'insert into' SQL command, followed by committing the changes to the database. Explanation of the data insertion process using the 'insert into' command.", "Handling potential errors, specifically related to the creation of a table, is also discussed, including catching and handling the error message 'table not created'. Discussion on handling potential errors, such as 'table not created'."]}], 'duration': 404.01, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5123554.jpg', 'highlights': ['Explains the process of creating a database using SQLite 3 and the benefits it provides for organizing and fast searching data.', 'Demonstrates the retrieval of data from a table using the select command and the resulting list of records.', 'To create a table in the database, the process involves defining the structure with specified data types, such as integer, text, and real number, and committing the changes to the database.', "The chapter also covers the insertion of data into the created table using the 'insert into' SQL command, followed by committing the changes to the database.", 'Emphasizes the handling of potential errors, specifically focusing on handling SQLite 3 Operation Error.']}, {'end': 6680.489, 'segs': [{'end': 5573.332, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5548.639, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5554.303, 'text': 'Now, one thing that is very commonly done with recursive functions is calculating factorials.', 'start': 5548.639, 'duration': 5.664}, {'end': 5558.426, 'text': "So I'm going to define a function inside of here called factorial.", 'start': 5554.323, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 5561.249, 'text': "It's going to receive a number.", 'start': 5559.528, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 5567.15, 'text': 'And every recursive function must contain a condition in which it ceases to call itself.', 'start': 5561.789, 'duration': 5.361}, {'end': 5568.971, 'text': "So I'm going to define that right now.", 'start': 5567.21, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 5573.332, 'text': "So I'm going to say if num is less than or equal to 1.", 'start': 5569.031, 'duration': 4.301}], 'summary': 'Recursively calculate factorials, defining a function that receives a number and includes a condition to cease calling itself.', 'duration': 24.693, 'max_score': 5548.639, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5548639.jpg'}, {'end': 5774.097, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5677.829, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5686.634, 'text': 'another way you can do this is you could say from my funk and then list what you specifically what you want.', 'start': 5677.829, 'duration': 8.805}, {'end': 5693.339, 'text': "so we'll say import factorial, and then you will be able to just hack this, my funk, part, off of there.", 'start': 5686.634, 'duration': 6.705}, {'end': 5696.45, 'text': 'like this run it and still get the same results.', 'start': 5693.339, 'duration': 3.111}, {'end': 5699.811, 'text': "Okay, so that's modules as well as factorials.", 'start': 5696.97, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 5704.193, 'text': 'Now we are going to develop a calculator and using tkinter.', 'start': 5699.912, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 5709.336, 'text': 'So I thought it would be fun to actually develop a real application here to end this guy.', 'start': 5704.213, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 5716.419, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is go get tkinter, which is going to allow us to do GUI development inside of Python.", 'start': 5709.416, 'duration': 7.003}, {'end': 5718.42, 'text': "So that's all that I'm doing here.", 'start': 5716.479, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5720.481, 'text': 'So get all of those things.', 'start': 5718.58, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 5724.325, 'text': "Then I'm going to define a class for my calculator.", 'start': 5721.221, 'duration': 3.104}, {'end': 5732.035, 'text': "And then I'm going to describe every single thing that I'm doing, but I'm not going to go into tons of logic just because I'm restricted with time.", 'start': 5724.846, 'duration': 7.189}, {'end': 5740.085, 'text': 'Very first thing I want to do is have some place to store the current value that is in our entry window for our calculator.', 'start': 5732.295, 'duration': 7.79}, {'end': 5742.668, 'text': "So I'm going to call this CalcValue.", 'start': 5740.625, 'duration': 2.043}, {'end': 5746.051, 'text': 'Give it a value of 0.0 to start off.', 'start': 5743.088, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 5751.517, 'text': "Then I'm going to have to track what buttons have been pressed or not.", 'start': 5746.312, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 5757.424, 'text': "So I'm going to have the division trigger and it'll be set for false.", 'start': 5751.978, 'duration': 5.446}, {'end': 5763.409, 'text': "And then I'm going to have the same for all of the other different mathematical functions.", 'start': 5758.064, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 5774.097, 'text': "So we'll have division and we will have malts multiplying and we will have addition as well as subtraction.", 'start': 5763.969, 'duration': 10.128}], 'summary': 'Developing a calculator using tkinter for gui development in python, tracking button presses and mathematical functions.', 'duration': 104.053, 'max_score': 5677.829, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5677829.jpg'}, {'end': 5939.437, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5907.674, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5911.886, 'text': 'And the exception is going to be a value error, just like I said before.', 'start': 5907.674, 'duration': 4.212}, {'end': 5913.811, 'text': 'So I can just return false.', 'start': 5911.906, 'duration': 1.905}, {'end': 5919.966, 'text': "Then I need to create a function that's going to handle all the logic whenever the different math buttons are pressed.", 'start': 5914.383, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 5924.789, 'text': "So I'm going to call this define math button press.", 'start': 5920.046, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 5930.492, 'text': "And it's going to be passed in whatever value or whatever button was pressed.", 'start': 5925.509, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 5939.437, 'text': "I'm only going to want to do anything with these math functions if there's already a number inside of the entry window.", 'start': 5930.892, 'duration': 8.545}], 'summary': 'Create a function to handle math button presses if a number is in the entry window.', 'duration': 31.763, 'max_score': 5907.674, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5907674.jpg'}, {'end': 6396.518, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6341.044, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6348.67, 'text': "After we do that, I can define the title for my application by going Root and Title, and I'm going to call it Calculator.", 'start': 6341.044, 'duration': 7.626}, {'end': 6350.912, 'text': 'And I have to put this inside of quotes.', 'start': 6349.27, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 6351.832, 'text': 'There we are.', 'start': 6351.312, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 6355.575, 'text': 'I want to define the height and width for my window.', 'start': 6352.313, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 6364.454, 'text': 'How you do that is go Root, Geometry, and this is going to be 430 by 220.', 'start': 6355.716, 'duration': 8.738}, {'end': 6367.697, 'text': "I'm going to mark Resizable as False.", 'start': 6364.454, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 6378.104, 'text': 'So how you do that, Resizable and Width is equal to False and Height is also going to be equal to False.', 'start': 6368.077, 'duration': 10.027}, {'end': 6380.226, 'text': 'That will lock down the dimensions.', 'start': 6378.184, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 6391.995, 'text': "I'm going to customize the styling for my buttons by defining Style and to get that you go TTK and Style and then I just put in all of the configurations.", 'start': 6380.686, 'duration': 11.309}, {'end': 6393.336, 'text': 'So I say Style.', 'start': 6392.095, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 6396.518, 'text': 'Configure and T-button.', 'start': 6393.837, 'duration': 2.681}], 'summary': 'Configuring application: title - calculator, window dimensions - 430x220, resizable - false, customized button style', 'duration': 55.474, 'max_score': 6341.044, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA6341044.jpg'}, {'end': 6481.423, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6459.344, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6468.01, 'text': "Then the way that I have everything set up here or the way that TKinter has everything set up is we're going to use a grid system for putting everything in place.", 'start': 6459.344, 'duration': 8.666}, {'end': 6470.732, 'text': "So, I'm going to go NumberEntry.", 'start': 6468.37, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 6481.423, 'text': "and grid, and I'm going to say that I want this on the zero row or the top row, and then I can define.", 'start': 6471.611, 'duration': 9.812}], 'summary': "Using tkinter's grid system to place numberentry on the top row.", 'duration': 22.079, 'max_score': 6459.344, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA6459344.jpg'}], 'start': 5527.845, 'title': 'Python recursive functions & gui calculator', 'summary': 'Covers recursive functions, modules, and gui development in python, including creating a calculator class with button logic for handling mathematical operations, and designing a user interface using tkinter, resulting in a functional calculator application.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5720.481, 'start': 5527.845, 'title': 'Python recursive functions & modules', 'summary': 'Introduces recursive functions, particularly calculating factorials, and demonstrates how to use these functions within modules and develop a calculator using tkinter for gui development in python.', 'duration': 192.636, 'highlights': ['Recursive Functions for Calculating Factorials The chapter explains the concept of recursive functions and demonstrates how to use them to calculate factorials, using an example with a value of 4 resulting in the final value of 24.', 'Using Functions within Modules The chapter illustrates the process of using functions within modules, showcasing two methods: importing the entire module and calling the function, or specifying the function to import directly.', 'Developing a Calculator with tkinter The chapter mentions the development of a calculator using tkinter for GUI development in Python, indicating the intention to create a real application using tkinter for GUI development.']}, {'end': 6249.544, 'start': 5721.221, 'title': 'Calculator class and button logic', 'summary': 'Describes the creation of a calculator class with button press logic and mathematical operations handling, including tracking button clicks, storing values, and performing calculations, for a gui interface, with the key point of handling logic for mathematical functions.', 'duration': 528.323, 'highlights': ['Creation of a calculator class with button press logic and mathematical operations handling The chapter focuses on defining a class for a calculator and handling button press logic with mathematical operations for a GUI interface.', 'Tracking button clicks and storing values The chapter explains the tracking of button clicks and the storage of values, such as the current value in the entry window and the status of mathematical function triggers.', 'Handling logic for mathematical functions The chapter details the logic for handling mathematical functions, including checking for float values, handling math button presses, and performing calculations based on the operation triggered.']}, {'end': 6680.489, 'start': 6250.228, 'title': 'Creating calculator user interface', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the process of creating a calculator user interface using tkinter, including defining the window dimensions, customizing button styles, and using the grid system to place elements, resulting in a quick and functional calculator application.', 'duration': 430.261, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the process of creating a calculator user interface using TKinter. It describes the steps involved in designing a calculator interface using TKinter for Python programming.', 'Defining the window dimensions using Root Geometry and marking it as non-resizable. The author defines the window dimensions as 430 by 220 and marks it as non-resizable, thereby locking down the dimensions.', 'Customizing button styles by defining font and padding using Style Configure. The author customizes button styles by defining the font as Serif 15 and padding as 10 using the Style Configure function.', 'Using the grid system to place elements on the user interface. The author utilizes the grid system to place elements on the user interface, such as the text entry box and various buttons for mathematical calculations and numbers.']}], 'duration': 1152.644, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/H1elmMBnykA/pics/H1elmMBnykA5527845.jpg', 'highlights': ['Creation of a calculator class with button press logic and mathematical operations handling', 'Handling logic for mathematical functions', 'Developing a Calculator with tkinter', 'Using the grid system to place elements on the user interface', 'Defining the window dimensions using Root Geometry and marking it as non-resizable', 'Customizing button styles by defining font and padding using Style Configure', 'Recursive Functions for Calculating Factorials', 'Using Functions within Modules', 'Tracking button clicks and storing values', 'The chapter demonstrates the process of creating a calculator user interface using TKinter']}], 'highlights': ['The tutorial provides detailed instructions for installing Python and PyCharm on macOS and Windows, utilizing Xcode, Homebrew, and configuring the bash profile for successful installation.', 'The chapter covers various Python output formatting options and mathematical operations.', 'Covers various python programming fundamentals including random value generation, conditionals, string manipulation, working with strings and lists, looping, iterators, ranges, and tuples.', 'Demonstrates handling an indeterminable number of arguments in a function', 'The chapter explains the process of modeling real-world objects in programming, providing a simple example of creating a class to model a square with an initiation function, getters, setters, and a method to calculate the area.', 'Python does polymorphism without having to think about it', 'Explains the process of creating a database using SQLite 3 and the benefits it provides for organizing and fast searching data.', 'Creation of a calculator class with button press logic and mathematical operations handling']}