title
Jeremi Suri: Civil War, Slavery, Freedom, and Democracy | Lex Fridman Podcast #354

description
Jeremi Suri is a historian at UT Austin. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Jeremi's Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeremisuri This is Democracy podcast: https://podcasts.la.utexas.edu/this-is-democracy Jeremi's Website: https://jeremisuri.net Jeremi's Books: 1. Civil War by Other Means: https://amzn.to/3hRa3cT 2. The Impossible Presidency: https://amzn.to/3hTn5X8 3. Henry Kissinger: https://amzn.to/3WqkBOY PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:27 - Revolutions and governments 18:06 - American Civil War 27:18 - Lincoln and election of 1860 31:08 - Slavery 44:17 - Freedom of speech 56:00 - Death toll of the Civil War 59:19 - Ulysses S. Grant 1:01:27 - Ku Klux Klan 1:13:10 - Robert E. Lee 1:20:53 - Abraham Lincoln 1:36:01 - If the south won 1:44:37 - Hypocrisy of the Founders 1:50:39 - John Wilkes Booth 1:53:54 - White supremacy 1:59:17 - Disputed elections 2:09:38 - Politics 2:18:03 - Donald Trump and Joe Biden 2:30:48 - January 6th 2:55:46 - Hope for the future SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Jeremi Suri: Civil War, Slavery, Freedom, and Democracy | Lex Fridman Podcast #354', 'heatmap': [{'end': 5614.097, 'start': 5503.083, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 9606.784, 'start': 9490.666, 'weight': 0.84}], 'summary': "Jeremy suri discusses america's ongoing struggle for democracy despite signed agreements, institutional flaws hindering growth and innovation, the extraordinary courage of former slaves in the civil war, lincoln's defense of foundational ideas, ethical challenges in moderating social media, and the impact of the civil war on society and institutions, providing historical perspectives and insights.", 'chapters': [{'end': 823.351, 'segs': [{'end': 39.446, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.029, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1.69, 'text': 'the war continues after the battles end.', 'start': 0.029, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3.492, 'text': "This is something that's hard for Americans to understand.", 'start': 1.73, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 8.476, 'text': 'Our system is built with the presumption when war is over, when we sign a piece of paper, everyone can go home.', 'start': 3.572, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 10.277, 'text': "That's not what happens.", 'start': 9.537, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 17.323, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Jeremy Suri, a historian at UT Austin.', 'start': 12.859, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 19.585, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast.', 'start': 17.964, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 22.507, 'text': 'To support it, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 19.825, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 26.571, 'text': "And now, dear friends, here's Jeremy Suri.", 'start': 23.088, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 31.783, 'text': 'What is the main idea, the main case that you make in your new book?', 'start': 27.901, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 36.125, 'text': "Civil War by Other Means, America's Long and Unfinished Fight for Democracy?", 'start': 31.783, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 39.446, 'text': 'So, our democratic institutions in the United States.', 'start': 36.565, 'duration': 2.881}], 'summary': "The transcript discusses the ongoing nature of war and the challenge for americans to understand it, featuring a conversation with historian jeremy suri about his book 'civil war by other means'.", 'duration': 39.417, 'max_score': 0.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA29.jpg'}, {'end': 87.771, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 61.359, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 68.424, 'text': 'And those flaws have been built into our institutions, and they continue to hinder innovation and growth in our society.', 'start': 61.359, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 77.431, 'text': 'Three of the flaws that I emphasize in this book are flaws of exclusion the ways our institutions exclude people, not just African Americans,', 'start': 68.764, 'duration': 8.667}, {'end': 78.211, 'text': 'many different groups.', 'start': 77.431, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 87.771, 'text': 'The ways our institutions also give power to certain people who have position rather than skill or intelligence or quality.', 'start': 79.505, 'duration': 8.266}], 'summary': 'Institutions hinder innovation and growth, emphasizing flaws of exclusion and favoring position over skill.', 'duration': 26.412, 'max_score': 61.359, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA61359.jpg'}, {'end': 121.79, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 98.017, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 106.723, 'text': 'In all of these ways, our democracy is hindered by the false reverence for institutions that actually need to be reformed,', 'start': 98.017, 'duration': 8.706}, {'end': 108.864, 'text': 'just as we need to highlight the good elements of them.', 'start': 106.723, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 110.124, 'text': "That's really what my book is about.", 'start': 108.904, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 113.686, 'text': 'And then the myth, the false reverence.', 'start': 110.164, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 114.647, 'text': 'what are we talking about there?', 'start': 113.686, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 121.79, 'text': "So there's a way in which we believe that if we love our country, It's somehow wrong to criticize our institutions.", 'start': 114.927, 'duration': 6.863}], 'summary': 'Democracy hindered by false reverence for institutions, need for reform highlighted in the book.', 'duration': 23.773, 'max_score': 98.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA98017.jpg'}, {'end': 279.365, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 248.416, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 254.138, 'text': 'And the other is to fix from within, one slow step at a time.', 'start': 248.416, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 257.579, 'text': "What's the case for both from a history perspective?", 'start': 254.438, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 263.882, 'text': 'Sure, so, historically, there has always been an urge to burn down the institutions and start again, start with a blank slate.', 'start': 257.619, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 266.243, 'text': 'The historical record is that almost never works.', 'start': 264.482, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 271.832, 'text': 'Because what happens when you destroy the institutions, you gave the example of the Bolshevik Revolution.', 'start': 266.863, 'duration': 4.969}, {'end': 279.365, 'text': "When you destroy the institutions, all you do is in the jungle that's left behind, you give advantages to those who are the most powerful.", 'start': 272.393, 'duration': 6.972}], 'summary': 'Historically, urge to burn institutions rarely works, as seen in bolshevik revolution.', 'duration': 30.949, 'max_score': 248.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA248416.jpg'}, {'end': 345.201, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 318.89, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 324.013, 'text': "for example is how it's important when in an institution to still bring an outsider perspective.", 'start': 318.89, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 327.035, 'text': 'I believe in being an inside outsider.', 'start': 324.673, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 329.697, 'text': 'And I think most of your listeners are inside outsiders.', 'start': 327.677, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 333.858, 'text': "They're people who care about what's going on inside, but they're bringing some new ideas from the outside.", 'start': 329.717, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 342.64, 'text': 'I think the correct statement to say is most of the listeners, most people, aspire to be inside or outsiders, but we, human nature,', 'start': 334.178, 'duration': 8.462}, {'end': 345.201, 'text': 'is such that we easily become insider insiders.', 'start': 342.64, 'duration': 2.561}], 'summary': 'Importance of maintaining an outsider perspective in institutions, as most people aspire to be inside or outsiders.', 'duration': 26.311, 'max_score': 318.89, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA318890.jpg'}, {'end': 786.028, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 756.012, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 762.516, 'text': "The power of story is the very power that's leveraged by propaganda to convince the populace.", 'start': 756.012, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 769.28, 'text': 'But the idea, one of the most powerful ideas when I traveled in Ukraine and in general to me personally,', 'start': 763.196, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 778.845, 'text': 'the idea that President Zelensky stayed in Kyiv in the early days of war, when everybody, from his inner circle to the United States,', 'start': 769.28, 'duration': 9.565}, {'end': 786.028, 'text': 'everybody in the West, the NATO, everybody was telling him, and even on the Russian side, I assume they thought he would leave,', 'start': 778.845, 'duration': 7.183}], 'summary': "Story's power leveraged by propaganda. president zelensky stayed in kyiv despite pressure during early days of war.", 'duration': 30.016, 'max_score': 756.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA756012.jpg'}], 'start': 0.029, 'title': "America's struggle for democracy and institutional flaws", 'summary': "Discusses america's prolonged battle for democracy, highlighting the misconception around war's conclusion and the continuous struggle despite signed agreements. it also explores the flaws in institutions that hinder innovation and growth in society, emphasizing the need for reform and the balance between skepticism and blind reverence. historical perspectives on these issues are provided by ut austin historian jeremy suri in his book 'civil war by other means'.", 'chapters': [{'end': 39.446, 'start': 0.029, 'title': "America's unfinished fight for democracy", 'summary': "Discusses america's prolonged battle for democracy, highlighting the misconception around war's conclusion and the continuous struggle despite signed agreements. ut austin historian jeremy suri delves into this in his book 'civil war by other means'.", 'duration': 39.417, 'highlights': ['The misconception that war concludes after signed agreements is highlighted, emphasizing the enduring nature of conflict beyond formal endings.', "Jeremy Suri's book 'Civil War by Other Means' is mentioned, which explores America's prolonged fight for democracy, providing historical insights into the topic.", "The conversation takes place on the Lex Friedman Podcast, providing a platform for in-depth discussion on America's ongoing democratic struggle."]}, {'end': 823.351, 'start': 39.446, 'title': 'Flaws in institutions and the path to improvement', 'summary': 'Discusses the flaws in institutions that hinder innovation and growth in society, highlighting flaws of exclusion, power dynamics, and embedded myths, while emphasizing the need for reform and the balance between skepticism and blind reverence, with a historical perspective on the urge to burn down or work through institutions, and the importance of being an inside outsider and an iconoclast in bringing new ideas to institutions.', 'duration': 783.905, 'highlights': ['The flaws in institutions hinder innovation and growth, including flaws of exclusion, power dynamics, and embedded myths. Flaws hinder innovation and growth in society.', 'Emphasizing the need for reform and the balance between skepticism and blind reverence for institutions. The need for reform in institutions.', 'The historical perspective on the urge to burn down or work through institutions, with a cautionary note on the drawbacks of burning down institutions. The historical record shows drawbacks of burning down institutions.', 'The importance of being an inside outsider and an iconoclast in bringing new ideas to institutions. The importance of bringing new ideas to institutions.', "The power of storytelling and the role of storytelling in moving opinion and uniting people, exemplified by President Zelensky's story in Ukraine. The role of storytelling in moving opinion and uniting people."]}], 'duration': 823.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA29.jpg', 'highlights': ["Jeremy Suri's book 'Civil War by Other Means' provides historical insights into America's prolonged fight for democracy.", 'The misconception that war concludes after signed agreements is highlighted, emphasizing the enduring nature of conflict beyond formal endings.', 'The flaws in institutions hinder innovation and growth, including flaws of exclusion, power dynamics, and embedded myths.', 'Emphasizing the need for reform and the balance between skepticism and blind reverence for institutions.', 'The historical perspective on the urge to burn down or work through institutions, with a cautionary note on the drawbacks of burning down institutions.', 'The importance of being an inside outsider and an iconoclast in bringing new ideas to institutions.', "The power of storytelling and the role of storytelling in moving opinion and uniting people, exemplified by President Zelensky's story in Ukraine.", "The conversation takes place on the Lex Friedman Podcast, providing a platform for in-depth discussion on America's ongoing democratic struggle."]}, {'end': 1521.809, 'segs': [{'end': 961.946, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 870.725, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 874.108, 'text': "But it's easy to manipulate or misuse information.", 'start': 870.725, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 876.29, 'text': "It's the stories that give us a structure.", 'start': 874.549, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 878.132, 'text': "It's the stories where we find morality.", 'start': 876.531, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 880.194, 'text': "It's the stories where we find political value.", 'start': 878.152, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 884.679, 'text': 'And what do you get from studying history? You learn more stories about more people.', 'start': 880.775, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 888.561, 'text': "Yeah, I'm a sucker for courage, for stories of courage.", 'start': 885.66, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 891.582, 'text': "I've been in too many rooms.", 'start': 889.021, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 899.364, 'text': "I've often seen too many people sort of in subtle ways sacrifice their integrity and did nothing.", 'start': 892.342, 'duration': 7.022}, {'end': 908.367, 'text': 'And people that step up when the opinion is unpopular and they do something where they really put themselves on the line.', 'start': 899.984, 'duration': 8.383}, {'end': 910.868, 'text': "whether it's their money, their wellbeing, I don't know.", 'start': 908.367, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 913.169, 'text': 'That gives me hope about humanity.', 'start': 911.528, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 917.55, 'text': 'And of course, during the war, like Ukraine, you see that more and more.', 'start': 914.389, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 921.231, 'text': 'Now other people have a very cynical perspective of it.', 'start': 918.57, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 926.413, 'text': "that's saying oh, those are just narratives that are constructed for propaganda purposes, and so on.", 'start': 921.231, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 927.593, 'text': "But I've seen it with my own eyes.", 'start': 926.433, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 930.854, 'text': "There's heroes out there, both small and big.", 'start': 927.993, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 933.655, 'text': 'So just regular citizens and leaders.', 'start': 931.474, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 938.437, 'text': "One set of heroes I learned about writing this book that I didn't know about that I should have are..", 'start': 934.395, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 944.619, 'text': 'more than 100,000 former slaves who become Union soldiers during the Civil War.', 'start': 939.697, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 946.02, 'text': "It's an extraordinary story.", 'start': 945.039, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 950.521, 'text': 'We think of it as North versus South, white Northern troops versus white Southern troops.', 'start': 946.04, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 961.946, 'text': 'There are, as I said, more than 100,000 slaves no education, never anything other than slaves who flee their plantations, join the Union army,', 'start': 951.422, 'duration': 10.524}], 'summary': 'Studying history reveals stories of courage and sacrifice, like 100,000 former slaves who became union soldiers during the civil war.', 'duration': 91.221, 'max_score': 870.725, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA870725.jpg'}, {'end': 1120.816, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1088.895, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1096.801, 'text': 'How did the American Civil War start and why? So the American Civil War starts because of our flawed institutions.', 'start': 1088.895, 'duration': 7.906}, {'end': 1107.108, 'text': 'The founders had mixed views of slavery, but they wanted a system that would eventually work its way toward opening for more people of more kinds.', 'start': 1097.181, 'duration': 9.927}, {'end': 1110.45, 'text': 'Not necessarily equality, but they wanted a more open democratic system.', 'start': 1107.448, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 1120.816, 'text': 'But our institutions were designed in ways that gave disproportionate power to slave holders in particular states in the union, through the Senate,', 'start': 1110.971, 'duration': 9.845}], 'summary': 'American civil war started due to flawed institutions and disproportionate power of slave holders.', 'duration': 31.921, 'max_score': 1088.895, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1088895.jpg'}], 'start': 823.371, 'title': 'Courage and history', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of stories of courage and the value of studying history, highlighting the impact of individuals stepping up, especially during times of war. it also explores the extraordinary courage of over 100,000 former slaves who became union soldiers in the civil war.', 'chapters': [{'end': 938.437, 'start': 823.371, 'title': 'The power of courage and history', 'summary': 'Highlights the significance of stories of courage and the value of studying history in providing a structure, morality, and political value, emphasizing the importance of learning more stories about more people, and the hope it brings about humanity, especially during times of war. the chapter also emphasizes the essential role of courage in shaping history and the impact of individuals stepping up, even in subtle ways, and sacrificing their integrity. it also acknowledges the presence of heroes, both small and big, in various roles within society.', 'duration': 115.066, 'highlights': ['The significance of stories of courage and the value of studying history in providing a structure, morality, and political value, emphasizing the importance of learning more stories about more people, and the hope it brings about humanity, especially during times of war.', 'The essential role of courage in shaping history and the impact of individuals stepping up, even in subtle ways, and sacrificing their integrity.', 'The acknowledgment of the presence of heroes, both small and big, in various roles within society.', 'The observation of heroes during times of war, such as in Ukraine, and the contrast with cynical perspectives regarding these narratives being constructed for propaganda purposes.']}, {'end': 1521.809, 'start': 939.697, 'title': "Union soldiers' courage", 'summary': 'Explores the extraordinary courage of over 100,000 former slaves who became union soldiers in the civil war, fighting for their freedom and a desire to improve themselves, while also examining the flawed institutions that led to the war and the dynamics and demographics of the union and confederate sides.', 'duration': 582.112, 'highlights': ['Over 100,000 former slaves became Union soldiers in the Civil War, displaying extraordinary courage and fighting for their freedom and a human desire to improve themselves. 100,000 former slaves joined the Union army, displaying exceptional courage and fighting for freedom and self-improvement.', 'The American Civil War started due to flawed institutions and disproportionate power given to slaveholders in certain states, leading to a clash between the Union and the Confederates. The flawed institutions and disproportionate power given to slaveholders led to the start of the Civil War and the clash between the Union and the Confederates.', 'The Union side consisted of about 22 million people, while the Confederacy comprised about 9 million people and 4 million slaves, with the former having a more industrializing economy and the latter being an agricultural economy with strong international ties. The Union had about 22 million people, while the Confederacy had 9 million people and 4 million slaves, with different economic structures and international ties.', 'The Union army, often three times the size of the Confederate army, consisted of volunteers in the North and later saw the passing of Conscription Acts, while the South had conscripted soldiers. The Union army was often three times the size of the Confederate army, with volunteers in the North and conscripted soldiers in the South.', "The Second Amendment and the well-regulated militia concept played a role in the armed population's stance, as citizens were involved in defending their communities, and gun ownership has been for the purpose of community self-defense. The Second Amendment and the concept of a well-regulated militia influenced the armed population's role in defending their communities and the purpose of gun ownership."]}], 'duration': 698.438, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA823371.jpg', 'highlights': ['The significance of stories of courage and the value of studying history in providing structure, morality, and political value, emphasizing the importance of learning more stories about more people, and the hope it brings about humanity, especially during times of war.', 'Over 100,000 former slaves became Union soldiers in the Civil War, displaying extraordinary courage and fighting for their freedom and a human desire to improve themselves.', 'The acknowledgment of the presence of heroes, both small and big, in various roles within society.', 'The essential role of courage in shaping history and the impact of individuals stepping up, even in subtle ways, and sacrificing their integrity.', 'The American Civil War started due to flawed institutions and disproportionate power given to slaveholders in certain states, leading to a clash between the Union and the Confederates.']}, {'end': 2253.814, 'segs': [{'end': 1549.652, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1522.109, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1527.454, 'text': 'But so to make the case, speaking of AK-47s and rifles, and back to Ukraine for a second.', 'start': 1522.109, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 1535.783, 'text': 'one of the fascinating social experiments that happened in Ukraine at the beginning of the war is they handed out guns to everybody,', 'start': 1527.454, 'duration': 8.329}, {'end': 1540.688, 'text': 'rifles and crime went down, which I think is really interesting.', 'start': 1535.783, 'duration': 4.905}, {'end': 1549.652, 'text': 'Yeah I hope somebody does a kind of psychological data collection analysis effort here to try to understand why.', 'start': 1541.669, 'duration': 7.983}], 'summary': 'In ukraine, distributing rifles to citizens led to a decrease in crime, prompting interest in psychological analysis.', 'duration': 27.543, 'max_score': 1522.109, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1522109.jpg'}, {'end': 1602.292, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1566.766, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1567.867, 'text': "There's a deep lesson there.", 'start': 1566.766, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 1570.909, 'text': "Now, I don't know if you can extend that lesson beyond wartime, though.", 'start': 1568.127, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 1571.87, 'text': "That's the question.", 'start': 1571.249, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 1578.276, 'text': 'What happens after the war? I mean, my inclination would be to say that can work during war, but you have to take the guns back after the war.', 'start': 1571.93, 'duration': 6.346}, {'end': 1581.74, 'text': 'But they might be very upset when you try to take the guns back.', 'start': 1579.618, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 1582.38, 'text': "That's the problem.", 'start': 1581.76, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 1583.622, 'text': "No, that's precisely the problem.", 'start': 1582.421, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1585.464, 'text': "That's actually part of the story here.", 'start': 1583.902, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 1593.071, 'text': 'I mean, what happens after the Civil War, after Appomattox in 1865, is that many Southern soldiers go home with their guns.', 'start': 1585.504, 'duration': 7.567}, {'end': 1602.292, 'text': 'And they misuse their weapons to, quite frankly, shoot and intimidate former slaves who are now citizens.', 'start': 1594.065, 'duration': 8.227}], 'summary': 'Post-war challenges include reclaiming weapons, leading to misuse and harm to citizens.', 'duration': 35.526, 'max_score': 1566.766, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1566766.jpg'}, {'end': 1682.34, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1654.636, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1660.341, 'text': 'The 1860 election is the first election where a Republican is elected president that is Lincoln,', 'start': 1654.636, 'duration': 5.705}, {'end': 1663.224, 'text': "but he's elected president with less than 40% of the vote,", 'start': 1660.341, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 1670.31, 'text': 'because you have two sets of Democrats running Democrats who are out to defend the Confederacy and everything,', 'start': 1663.224, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 1675.475, 'text': 'and then Democrats who want to compromise but still keep slavery, most famous Stephen Douglas.', 'start': 1670.31, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 1682.34, 'text': 'who argues for basically allowing each state to make its own decisions, popular sovereignty, as he called it.', 'start': 1676.095, 'duration': 6.245}], 'summary': 'In the 1860 election, lincoln won with less than 40% of the vote, amid divisions within the democratic party over slavery.', 'duration': 27.704, 'max_score': 1654.636, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1654636.jpg'}, {'end': 1749.751, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1715.468, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1716.549, 'text': 'Into new territories.', 'start': 1715.468, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 1721.071, 'text': 'Right Whether to abolish slavery or not, Lincoln is very careful and his correspondence is clear.', 'start': 1716.689, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 1727.714, 'text': "He wants no one on his side during the election to say that he's arguing for abolitionism, even though he personally supported that.", 'start': 1721.451, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 1733.842, 'text': 'What he wants to say is the Republican Party is for no new slave territories.', 'start': 1728.374, 'duration': 5.468}, {'end': 1741.092, 'text': 'Did he make it clear that he was for abolition? No, he was intentionally unclear about that.', 'start': 1734.282, 'duration': 6.81}, {'end': 1749.751, 'text': 'Do you think he was throughout his life? Was there a deep, because that takes quite a vision.', 'start': 1743.303, 'duration': 6.448}], 'summary': 'Lincoln carefully avoids clear support for abolitionism, aiming to keep the republican party against new slave territories during the election.', 'duration': 34.283, 'max_score': 1715.468, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1715468.jpg'}, {'end': 1932.887, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1905.184, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1907.986, 'text': 'I mean genocide, is in the same category right?', 'start': 1905.184, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 1918.736, 'text': 'The optimistic side is that human beings are also capable, with proper leadership and governance, of resisting those urges,', 'start': 1909.707, 'duration': 9.029}, {'end': 1922.339, 'text': 'of putting those energies into productive uses for other people.', 'start': 1918.736, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 1924.941, 'text': "But I don't think that comes naturally.", 'start': 1922.819, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 1927.763, 'text': "I think that's where leadership and institutions matter.", 'start': 1925.461, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 1930.205, 'text': 'but leadership and institutions can tame us.', 'start': 1928.223, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 1932.887, 'text': 'We can tame, we can civilize ourselves.', 'start': 1930.325, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'Human beings can resist destructive urges with proper leadership and governance, but it requires effort and institutions.', 'duration': 27.703, 'max_score': 1905.184, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1905184.jpg'}, {'end': 2193.032, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2164.975, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2169.276, 'text': "There's something deeply human about saving those that are really close to you, the ones we love.", 'start': 2164.975, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 2178.582, 'text': "So that like hypocrisy, that seems to go at tension with the basic ethics of alleviating suffering in the world, that's also really human.", 'start': 2169.596, 'duration': 8.986}, {'end': 2183.245, 'text': "That's also part of this ideal of all men are created equal.", 'start': 2179.122, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 2185.827, 'text': "It's a complicated, messy world, ethically.", 'start': 2183.825, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 2190.19, 'text': 'It is, but I mean I think at least the way I think about it is.', 'start': 2186.427, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 2193.032, 'text': 'so what are the things, even within our own society,', 'start': 2190.19, 'duration': 2.842}], 'summary': 'Ethical dilemmas and human nature in saving loved ones.', 'duration': 28.057, 'max_score': 2164.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2164975.jpg'}], 'start': 1522.109, 'title': "Gun distribution and lincoln's election", 'summary': "Discusses the impact of distributing rifles in ukraine, noting decreased crime rates, and explores lincoln's election, his stance on slavery, and insights on human nature from the historical context.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1624.744, 'start': 1522.109, 'title': 'Impact of gun distribution in ukraine', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of distributing rifles to the populace in ukraine at the beginning of the war, noting a decrease in crime and raising questions about the implications of widespread gun ownership during and after wartime.', 'duration': 102.635, 'highlights': ['Distributing guns in Ukraine at the beginning of the war led to a decrease in crime, presenting a fascinating social experiment.', 'The potential long-term implications of widespread gun ownership during and after wartime, given historical examples like the aftermath of the Civil War, are highlighted.', 'The ethical and practical considerations of gun distribution during and after wartime, including the potential for misuse and oppression, are discussed.']}, {'end': 2253.814, 'start': 1624.744, 'title': "Lincoln's election and human nature", 'summary': 'Explores the divisive 1860 election that brought lincoln to power, his stance on slavery, and insights on human nature, highlighting the historical context and the optimistic and pessimistic lessons from human civilization.', 'duration': 629.07, 'highlights': ['The election of 1860 was divisive, and Lincoln won with less than 40% of the vote due to the presence of multiple Democratic factions and traditional Whigs, shaping the outcome. The election of 1860 was marked by division, with Lincoln securing the presidency with less than 40% of the vote, a result of the presence of various Democratic factions and traditional Whigs, which influenced the electoral outcome.', "Lincoln's careful stance on the expansion of slavery and deliberate ambiguity about abolitionism during the election, despite personal support for abolition, reflect his pragmatic approach to politics. Lincoln strategically navigated the issue of slavery, maintaining a cautious stance on its expansion and deliberately avoiding explicit advocacy for abolitionism during the election, showcasing his pragmatic approach to politics and governance.", 'Insights into human nature reveal the capacity for both immense harm and brutality as well as the potential for resistance and civilizing forces through proper leadership and institutions. The discussion delves into the dual nature of human behavior, highlighting the potential for both great harm and resistance, underlining the significance of effective leadership and institutions in shaping human conduct and societal progress.', 'The historical perspective presents a complex view of the concept of equality, showcasing the contradictions and societal attitudes towards the value of human life and ethical dilemmas. The historical context offers a nuanced exploration of the notion of equality, shedding light on contradictions and societal perceptions regarding the value of human life, as well as the ethical complexities and dilemmas surrounding the concept.']}], 'duration': 731.705, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA1522109.jpg', 'highlights': ['Distributing guns in Ukraine at the beginning of the war led to a decrease in crime, presenting a fascinating social experiment.', 'The potential long-term implications of widespread gun ownership during and after wartime, given historical examples like the aftermath of the Civil War, are highlighted.', 'The ethical and practical considerations of gun distribution during and after wartime, including the potential for misuse and oppression, are discussed.', 'The election of 1860 was divisive, and Lincoln won with less than 40% of the vote due to the presence of multiple Democratic factions and traditional Whigs, shaping the outcome.', "Lincoln's careful stance on the expansion of slavery and deliberate ambiguity about abolitionism during the election, despite personal support for abolition, reflect his pragmatic approach to politics.", 'Insights into human nature reveal the capacity for both immense harm and brutality as well as the potential for resistance and civilizing forces through proper leadership and institutions.', 'The historical perspective presents a complex view of the concept of equality, showcasing the contradictions and societal attitudes towards the value of human life and ethical dilemmas.']}, {'end': 3980.35, 'segs': [{'end': 2307.671, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2277.65, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2281.513, 'text': 'Well, there were certainly tensions, because built into the founding documents, of course,', 'start': 2277.65, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 2286.256, 'text': "is slavery and inequality and women's exclusion from voting and things of that sort.", 'start': 2281.513, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 2297.785, 'text': 'But the real brilliance of Abraham Lincoln is to build on the brilliance of the founders and turn the union position into the defense of the core ideas of the country.', 'start': 2287.116, 'duration': 10.669}, {'end': 2302.03, 'text': 'So the Confederacy is defending one idea, the idea of slavery.', 'start': 2298.446, 'duration': 3.584}, {'end': 2307.671, 'text': 'Lincoln takes the basket of all the deeper ideas and puts them together.', 'start': 2303.43, 'duration': 4.241}], 'summary': 'Abraham lincoln brilliantly defended core ideas, confronting slavery and inequality, amidst tensions with the confederacy.', 'duration': 30.021, 'max_score': 2277.65, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2277650.jpg'}, {'end': 2385.658, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2360.157, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2365.92, 'text': 'You decide, right? You can see where that comes from his own background as a poor man, right? So freedom is the control of your own labor.', 'start': 2360.157, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 2368.089, 'text': 'Second, democracy.', 'start': 2367.088, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 2370.91, 'text': 'Government of the people, by the people, for the people.', 'start': 2368.749, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 2373.371, 'text': 'The government is to serve the people, is to come from the people.', 'start': 2371.27, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2378.394, 'text': 'And then the third point, justice and helping all human beings.', 'start': 2374.672, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 2385.658, 'text': 'He, at the end of his life, as the Civil War is ending, he never declares that the South should be punished.', 'start': 2379.655, 'duration': 6.003}], 'summary': 'Lincoln prioritized freedom, democracy, and justice for all.', 'duration': 25.501, 'max_score': 2360.157, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2360157.jpg'}, {'end': 2485.127, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2463.61, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2474.399, 'text': "of our government was not going to be that the person in charge was of royal blood that's the way the Europeans did it or that the person in charge had killed enough people a la Genghis Khan,", 'start': 2463.61, 'duration': 10.789}, {'end': 2477.942, 'text': 'or that the person in charge was serving a particular class.', 'start': 2474.399, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 2482.025, 'text': 'It was that the person in charge, the institutions were to serve the people.', 'start': 2478.202, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 2485.127, 'text': 'They adopted Republican tools to get there.', 'start': 2482.525, 'duration': 2.602}], 'summary': 'Government is to serve the people, using republican tools.', 'duration': 21.517, 'max_score': 2463.61, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2463610.jpg'}, {'end': 2569.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2544.667, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2551.131, 'text': "And then it doesn't actually give any details of how you implement that because you could implement all kinds of ways.", 'start': 2544.667, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 2552.811, 'text': "And I think what we've learned as historians,", 'start': 2551.391, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2560.375, 'text': "I think what the founders knew because they were very well read in the history of Rome and Greece was that democracy will always have unique characteristics for the culture that it's in.", 'start': 2552.811, 'duration': 7.564}, {'end': 2567.659, 'text': 'If, coming out of the war against Russia, Ukraine is able to build a better democracy than it had before,', 'start': 2562.636, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 2569.2, 'text': "it's never going to look like the United States.", 'start': 2567.659, 'duration': 1.541}], 'summary': 'Democracy adapts to culture; ukraine may develop unique democracy post-war.', 'duration': 24.533, 'max_score': 2544.667, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2544667.jpg'}, {'end': 3078.618, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3049.659, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3050.78, 'text': "And that's a real problem.", 'start': 3049.659, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3053.661, 'text': 'Arbitrariness is in some ways the opposite of democracy.', 'start': 3050.86, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 3060.845, 'text': "But there's also a hidden arbitrariness in interpretation of the rules.", 'start': 3054.242, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 3067.569, 'text': "So for example, what comment incites violence? That's really, really difficult to figure out to me.", 'start': 3060.885, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 3068.77, 'text': "There's a gray area.", 'start': 3067.85, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 3071.472, 'text': "Obviously, there's very clear versions of that.", 'start': 3069.311, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 3078.618, 'text': "But if I know anything about people that try to incite violence, they're usually not coming out and clearly saying it.", 'start': 3071.893, 'duration': 6.725}], 'summary': 'Interpreting comments that incite violence is challenging due to hidden arbitrariness.', 'duration': 28.959, 'max_score': 3049.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3049659.jpg'}, {'end': 3302.96, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3282.133, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3292.8, 'text': 'Investing our money, maybe grants from the federal government, in AI skilled people like you figuring out ways to get violent videos off of there.', 'start': 3282.133, 'duration': 10.667}, {'end': 3293.921, 'text': "That shouldn't be political.", 'start': 3292.82, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 3299.658, 'text': 'Well, some of that also requires being transparent from a social media company perspective,', 'start': 3294.875, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 3302.96, 'text': 'and transparent in a way that really resists being political.', 'start': 3299.658, 'duration': 3.302}], 'summary': 'Investing in ai to remove violent videos, prioritizing transparency and non-political approaches.', 'duration': 20.827, 'max_score': 3282.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3282133.jpg'}, {'end': 3403.144, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3370.209, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3374.171, 'text': 'And this was without a single automatic rifle, without a single bomb.', 'start': 3370.209, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 3381.135, 'text': 'It was mostly in hand-to-hand combat, which is to say that these 600,000 or so people who died.', 'start': 3374.771, 'duration': 6.364}, {'end': 3384.516, 'text': 'they died where the person who killed them was standing within a few feet of them.', 'start': 3381.135, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 3386.437, 'text': "And that's really hard.", 'start': 3385.657, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 3389.899, 'text': 'Most of the killing that happens in wars today is actually from a distance.', 'start': 3386.998, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 3395.282, 'text': "It's by a drone, it's by a bomb, it's by a rocket, or by an automatic weapon.", 'start': 3390.399, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 3403.144, 'text': 'And just to make this even more focused, to this day, the deadliest day in American history was during the Civil War.', 'start': 3396.022, 'duration': 7.122}], 'summary': 'Civil war: 600,000 died in hand-to-hand combat, deadliest day in american history.', 'duration': 32.935, 'max_score': 3370.209, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3370209.jpg'}, {'end': 3535.243, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3504.11, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 3509.032, 'text': "They're both, right? So the level of violence that human beings are capable of, how long they're able to sustain it.", 'start': 3504.11, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 3513.71, 'text': 'The South should not have, the Confederacy should not have lasted in this war as long as it did.', 'start': 3509.987, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 3518.873, 'text': "By the end, I mean, they're starving and they keep fighting.", 'start': 3514.47, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 3527.099, 'text': 'So the resilience in war of societies and the power of hate to move people.', 'start': 3519.974, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 3529.019, 'text': 'What are the bright sides?', 'start': 3528.058, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 3535.243, 'text': 'You see in Lincoln and Grant, who I talk about a lot in the book as well, Ulysses, Grant.', 'start': 3530.02, 'duration': 5.223}], 'summary': 'Transcript discusses resilience in war, sustenance of violence, and impact of hate.', 'duration': 31.133, 'max_score': 3504.11, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3504110.jpg'}, {'end': 3580.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3552.076, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3553.917, 'text': "There weren't always reporters following him.", 'start': 3552.076, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 3557.28, 'text': 'He was able to build empathy in this context.', 'start': 3554.398, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 3563.687, 'text': 'And I think, as I said, war, as horrible as it is, often gives opportunities to certain groups.', 'start': 3558.26, 'duration': 5.427}, {'end': 3568.353, 'text': 'So African-Americans, former slaves, are able to prove themselves as citizens.', 'start': 3564.147, 'duration': 4.206}, {'end': 3571.597, 'text': 'Jews did this an enormous number in World War II.', 'start': 3569.194, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 3575.922, 'text': 'Henry Kissinger, who I wrote about before, he really only gets recognized as an American.', 'start': 3571.637, 'duration': 4.285}, {'end': 3577.164, 'text': "He's a German Jewish immigrant.", 'start': 3575.942, 'duration': 1.222}, {'end': 3580.445, 'text': "He's seen as an American because of his service in World War II.", 'start': 3577.544, 'duration': 2.901}], 'summary': 'War provides opportunities for marginalized groups to prove themselves, as seen with african-americans and jews in world war ii.', 'duration': 28.369, 'max_score': 3552.076, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3552076.jpg'}, {'end': 3895.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3870.693, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3877.099, 'text': 'or the KKK members, the local police officers, local judges, because it was how you became police chief.', 'start': 3870.693, 'duration': 6.406}, {'end': 3883.103, 'text': 'So these groups infiltrated some of the main institutions in our nation.', 'start': 3877.419, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 3884.104, 'text': "I don't even think they infiltrated.", 'start': 3883.123, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3885.765, 'text': 'I think they were part of those institutions.', 'start': 3884.144, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 3888.588, 'text': 'The deeper question today, in the 21st century,', 'start': 3886.206, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 3895.774, 'text': 'is one how much of that is still there and how much of the history of that reverberates through the institutions?', 'start': 3888.588, 'duration': 7.186}], 'summary': 'Kkk members infiltrated institutions like police, judges, raising questions about their presence and historical impact.', 'duration': 25.081, 'max_score': 3870.693, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3870693.jpg'}], 'start': 2253.994, 'title': "Lincoln's defense, freedom of speech, ethical challenges, and civil war impact", 'summary': "Explores abraham lincoln's defense of foundational ideas, emphasizing government accountability and freedom of speech. it discusses ethical challenges in moderating social media and the impact of the civil war on society and institutions, highlighting the resilience of societies and the power of hate, while shedding light on the influence of the kkk.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2776.178, 'start': 2253.994, 'title': "Lincoln's defense of founding ideas", 'summary': "Explores abraham lincoln's defense of the core ideas of the country, including freedom, democracy, and justice, and emphasizes the importance of government accountability and freedom of speech in american democracy.", 'duration': 522.184, 'highlights': ["Abraham Lincoln's defense of the core ideas of the country including freedom, democracy, and justice. Highlights Lincoln's emphasis on the core values of freedom, democracy, and justice, and his role in carrying forward the virtues of the founding values.", "The founders' intention for the U.S. to be a democracy and the use of Republican tools to achieve this. Clarifies the intention of the founders for the U.S. to be a democracy and the use of Republican tools to achieve government of the people, by the people, for the people.", 'The evolving nature of democracy based on cultural and historical contexts. Discusses how democracy varies based on cultural and historical contexts, emphasizing that democracy will have unique characteristics for each culture.', 'The importance of government accountability and freedom of speech in American democracy. Emphasizes the importance of government accountability and freedom of speech as core tenets of American democracy, advocating for near absolutism on freedom of speech.']}, {'end': 3130.327, 'start': 2778.424, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and social media', 'summary': 'Discusses the principles of free speech, the role of social media in regulating speech, the need for transparent rules, and the challenges of interpreting and enforcing those rules, focusing on the importance of creating spaces for different voices while maintaining certain standards and transparency.', 'duration': 351.903, 'highlights': ['The importance of creating spaces for different voices while maintaining certain standards Emphasizes the need to allow everyone to speak while creating specific spaces designed for certain purposes, such as educational institutions and social media platforms.', 'The role of social media in regulating speech and the need for transparent rules Discusses the responsibility of social media companies to set clear and consistently followed rules, and the impact of transparency on consumer understanding and trust.', 'The challenges of interpreting and enforcing rules regarding incitement to violence, racism, and misinformation Explains the complexities involved in determining and enforcing rules related to incitement to violence, racism, and misinformation, highlighting the gray areas and historical struggles in the legal system.']}, {'end': 3346.548, 'start': 3130.327, 'title': 'Ethical challenges in moderating social media', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of moderating content on social media platforms, including the difficulty of identifying and removing violent and harmful content at scale, and the need for non-politicized support in tackling these issues.', 'duration': 216.221, 'highlights': ['Identifying and removing violent and harmful content at scale is a significant challenge for social media platforms, given the vast amount of posts and interactions, but it is essential for creating a safe environment for conversation and humanity to flourish.', 'The tension within the gray area of content moderation may be inherent to the democratic process and may never be fully solvable.', 'Incitement to violence, such as calling for harm to specific individuals, is identified as clear examples of problematic content that should be addressed.', 'The need for non-politicized support, including financial investment and a diverse team of skilled individuals, in developing AI and strategies to combat violent and harmful content on social media platforms.', 'Transparency in addressing harmful content while resisting politicization is crucial for social media companies, requiring a new generation of leaders to navigate these challenges with diverse perspectives.']}, {'end': 3980.35, 'start': 3346.548, 'title': 'Civil war: deadly conflict and human nature', 'summary': 'Discusses the deadly civil war, where over half a million people died in hand-to-hand combat, highlighting the resilience of societies, the power of hate, and the positive impact of war on certain groups, while also shedding light on the influence of the kkk and its infiltration into key institutions in the 1870s and 1930s.', 'duration': 633.802, 'highlights': ['Over half a million people died in hand-to-hand combat during the Civil War, making it an extraordinary and deadly conflict (quantifiable data: casualty count).', "The KKK, formed by Confederate veterans, infiltrated key institutions in the 1870s and 1930s, including the police force, exerting significant influence and shaping the nation's history (key point: influence of KKK, historical impact).", 'The Civil War showcased the resilience of societies and the power of hate, as the Confederacy persisted despite starvation, demonstrating the enduring impact of war on societies and the influence of hate in driving people (key points: resilience, power of hate, impact of war on societies).', 'The positive impact of war is seen in the transformation of individuals like Ulysses Grant, who, despite entering as an anti-Semite and racist, emerged with enlightened views, demonstrating the potential for personal growth and positive societal change in the midst of conflict (key points: personal transformation, positive societal change).', 'War provided opportunities for certain groups, such as African-Americans and former slaves, to prove themselves as citizens and gain recognition, emphasizing the potential for positive societal change amidst the horrors of war (key point: positive impact on certain groups).']}], 'duration': 1726.356, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA2253994.jpg', 'highlights': ["Abraham Lincoln's defense of core values: freedom, democracy, and justice.", "The founders' intention for the U.S. to be a democracy and the use of Republican tools.", 'The evolving nature of democracy based on cultural and historical contexts.', 'The importance of government accountability and freedom of speech in American democracy.', 'The challenges of interpreting and enforcing rules regarding incitement to violence, racism, and misinformation.', 'The need for non-politicized support, including financial investment and a diverse team of skilled individuals, in developing AI and strategies to combat harmful content on social media platforms.', 'Transparency in addressing harmful content while resisting politicization is crucial for social media companies.', 'Over half a million people died in hand-to-hand combat during the Civil War.', "The KKK infiltrated key institutions in the 1870s and 1930s, exerting significant influence and shaping the nation's history.", 'The Civil War showcased the resilience of societies and the power of hate.', 'The positive impact of war is seen in the transformation of individuals like Ulysses Grant and opportunities for certain groups, such as African-Americans and former slaves.']}, {'end': 5313.295, 'segs': [{'end': 4051.073, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4025.457, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4034.143, 'text': "I'm a bit, my mind has been focused on some of the better aspects of human nature, that it's nice to also understand some of the darker aspects.", 'start': 4025.457, 'duration': 8.686}, {'end': 4037.485, 'text': 'Let me ask you sort of a personal question for me.', 'start': 4034.843, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 4049.952, 'text': "Do you think it's possible, do you think it's useful to do a podcast conversation with somebody like David Duke? Or somebody so,", 'start': 4038.405, 'duration': 11.547}, {'end': 4051.073, 'text': 'somebody that everybody knows?', 'start': 4049.952, 'duration': 1.121}], 'summary': 'Exploring the human nature, considering interviewing controversial figures like david duke for a podcast.', 'duration': 25.616, 'max_score': 4025.457, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4025457.jpg'}, {'end': 4202.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4173.055, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4176.939, 'text': 'And collecting information about that person in the historical context is also very valuable.', 'start': 4173.055, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 4188.533, 'text': 'So you could see interviews with Hitler in 39, 40, 41 as being very bad and detrimental to all that is good in the world.', 'start': 4177.661, 'duration': 10.872}, {'end': 4191.716, 'text': "But at the same time, it's important to understand that in human mind.", 'start': 4188.613, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 4198.339, 'text': 'how power affects that mind, how power corrupts it, how they see the world? Absolutely, absolutely.', 'start': 4193.676, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 4202.662, 'text': 'I would be all in favor, and maybe he will, if Vladimir Putin would sit down with you.', 'start': 4198.879, 'duration': 3.783}], 'summary': 'Studying historical interviews provides valuable insights into the impact of power on the human mind, with the potential for vladimir putin to participate in such discussions.', 'duration': 29.607, 'max_score': 4173.055, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4173055.jpg'}, {'end': 4335.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4308.57, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4313.853, 'text': 'before you sit in front of the person, not a low effort journalist.', 'start': 4308.57, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 4321.517, 'text': "And it's so surprising to me that I think they're probably really busy and it's probably not part of the culture of the people that do interviews to do deep,", 'start': 4313.873, 'duration': 7.644}, {'end': 4322.898, 'text': 'deep, like investigative.', 'start': 4321.517, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 4326.58, 'text': 'You need to be the kind of person that lives that idea.', 'start': 4323.178, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 4329.602, 'text': 'Like see it as a documentary that you work on for three years kind of thing.', 'start': 4326.62, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 4335.445, 'text': "Anyway, that of course some journalists do do that and they do that masterfully and that's the best of journalism.", 'start': 4329.882, 'duration': 5.563}], 'summary': 'Journalists should approach interviews with depth and dedication, akin to creating a three-year documentary.', 'duration': 26.875, 'max_score': 4308.57, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4308570.jpg'}, {'end': 4419.77, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4391.394, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4393.595, 'text': "Lee? So he's the Confederate general that you mentioned.", 'start': 4391.394, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4396.637, 'text': "Was he a hero or a villain? To me, he's a villain.", 'start': 4394.556, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 4397.957, 'text': 'Many people treat Robert E.', 'start': 4396.777, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 4398.678, 'text': 'Lee as a hero.', 'start': 4397.957, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 4402.16, 'text': 'And one of the points I make in the book is we have to rethink that.', 'start': 4398.718, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 4404.541, 'text': "And it's very important for our society because Robert E.", 'start': 4402.2, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 4408.523, 'text': 'Lee pops up all over our society, names of schools, names of streets.', 'start': 4404.541, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 4412.826, 'text': 'And he also embeds and justifies certain behaviors that I think are really bad.', 'start': 4409.064, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 4415.227, 'text': 'Lee was a tremendous general.', 'start': 4413.326, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 4419.77, 'text': 'He had the weaker side and he managed to use maneuver,', 'start': 4415.727, 'duration': 4.043}], 'summary': "Rethink robert e. lee's hero status; he justifies bad behaviors.", 'duration': 28.376, 'max_score': 4391.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4391394.jpg'}, {'end': 4541.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4516.069, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4525.212, 'text': "Okay And that's the difference that you highlight between World War II and the Civil War, that in the case of Hitler, there was an end to that war.", 'start': 4516.069, 'duration': 9.143}, {'end': 4527.332, 'text': 'There was a very distinctive, clear end to that war.', 'start': 4525.232, 'duration': 2.1}, {'end': 4536.355, 'text': 'And you also make the case that World War II is not a good example, not a good model of a war to help us analyze history.', 'start': 4527.372, 'duration': 8.983}, {'end': 4541.516, 'text': "It's given Americans the wrong idea of what war is because World War II ends as most wars don't end.", 'start': 4536.955, 'duration': 4.561}], 'summary': 'World war ii had a clear end, unlike most wars, giving americans a skewed perception of war.', 'duration': 25.447, 'max_score': 4516.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4516069.jpg'}, {'end': 4906.001, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4876.051, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4879.013, 'text': "And he recognizes that there's still a lot of resistance.", 'start': 4876.051, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 4888.571, 'text': 'And what he does is he makes the case for freeing the slaves based on the argument not just of the moral value of that,', 'start': 4880.366, 'duration': 8.205}, {'end': 4890.692, 'text': 'but based on how that will benefit the North.', 'start': 4888.571, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 4899.077, 'text': "He's able to convince non-abolitionists to pursue abolitionist policies by serving their own interests.", 'start': 4891.193, 'duration': 7.884}, {'end': 4906.001, 'text': "What he's basically saying by 1863 or 64 is i can ask for more white soldiers or i can bring in former slaves.", 'start': 4899.417, 'duration': 6.584}], 'summary': 'Lincoln argues for freeing slaves to benefit the north, convincing non-abolitionists to support abolitionist policies.', 'duration': 29.95, 'max_score': 4876.051, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4876051.jpg'}, {'end': 4979.212, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4954.705, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4960.454, 'text': 'He tells one set of stories to the religious leaders who are abolitionists and a different set of stories to the New York bankers.', 'start': 4954.705, 'duration': 5.749}, {'end': 4962.334, 'text': "And that's leadership.", 'start': 4961.553, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 4966.398, 'text': 'You tell different kinds of stories to move people to a new position.', 'start': 4962.374, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 4973.486, 'text': 'The other thing Lincoln is really brilliant at is managing the international side of this.', 'start': 4966.699, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 4979.212, 'text': 'So one of the real dangers for the Union is that the British will come in on the side of the Confederacy.', 'start': 4973.906, 'duration': 5.306}], 'summary': 'Lincoln demonstrates leadership by tailoring stories and managing international relations to prevent british intervention.', 'duration': 24.507, 'max_score': 4954.705, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA4954705.jpg'}, {'end': 5055.137, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5011.334, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5013.595, 'text': 'He basically initiates a quarantine of the South.', 'start': 5011.334, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 5014.815, 'text': 'On the other hand,', 'start': 5014.075, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 5024.119, 'text': 'he reaches out to them and tries to show that he wants better relations and makes the argument that they will actually benefit more from having the industrial capability of the Union on their side.', 'start': 5014.815, 'duration': 9.304}, {'end': 5025.94, 'text': "So he's a very good diplomat.", 'start': 5024.139, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5031.342, 'text': 'He is considered to be one of the great presidents in the history of the United States.', 'start': 5027.38, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 5033.943, 'text': 'Are there ways that he failed??', 'start': 5032.222, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 5036.384, 'text': 'Is there things he could have done better?', 'start': 5034.843, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 5044.189, 'text': 'so he failed in the ways that most great leaders fail, which is that he had a terrible succession plan.', 'start': 5036.883, 'duration': 7.306}, {'end': 5049.533, 'text': 'his uh vice president, who i spend a lot of time on in the book, andrew johnson, who is probably our worst president ever.', 'start': 5044.189, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 5055.137, 'text': 'uh, andrew johnson had no business being anywhere near the presidency.', 'start': 5049.533, 'duration': 5.604}], 'summary': "President had successful diplomatic efforts, but failed in succession planning, leading to andrew johnson's presidency.", 'duration': 43.803, 'max_score': 5011.334, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5011334.jpg'}, {'end': 5168.972, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5143.695, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 5151.64, 'text': "it seems like you should have a succession plan that continues on the path, continues to carry the ideals that you've implemented.", 'start': 5143.695, 'duration': 7.945}, {'end': 5155.383, 'text': "So I'm unsure why people don't do that more often.", 'start': 5152.481, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 5164.55, 'text': "Like, I wonder how much Vladimir Putin spends percentage of time per day thinking what happens after he's gone.", 'start': 5155.703, 'duration': 8.847}, {'end': 5168.972, 'text': 'to help flourish the nation and the region that he deeply cares for.', 'start': 5165.39, 'duration': 3.582}], 'summary': 'Succession planning is essential; leaders should consider the future and continuity of their ideals for the nation and region they care for.', 'duration': 25.277, 'max_score': 5143.695, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5143695.jpg'}], 'start': 3981.01, 'title': 'Understanding historical figures and legacies', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of understanding history in human interactions, advocates reevaluating controversial figures like robert e. lee, and highlights abraham lincoln's brilliant leadership and diplomatic efforts. it also compares the end of the civil war to world war ii, addressing unresolved tensions.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4391.394, 'start': 3981.01, 'title': 'Importance of history in understanding human interactions', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of understanding history in human interactions, advocating for in-depth interviews with controversial figures to gain insight and understanding, emphasizing the need for thorough research and preparation in journalism.', 'duration': 410.384, 'highlights': ['Advocating for in-depth interviews with controversial figures The speaker supports conducting thorough interviews with controversial figures, such as David Duke and Vladimir Putin, to gain understanding and insight into their perspectives and actions.', 'Emphasizing the need for thorough research and preparation in journalism The importance of extensive research and preparation in journalism is stressed, with the speaker condemning lazy interviewers and advocating for deep investigative work akin to that of a historian or biographer.', 'Importance of understanding history in human interactions The significance of history in shaping individual and societal interactions is highlighted, emphasizing the need to comprehend both the positive and negative aspects to gain a comprehensive understanding of human nature.']}, {'end': 4852.354, 'start': 4391.394, 'title': "Reevaluating robert e. lee's legacy", 'summary': 'Discusses the problematic legacy of robert e. lee, highlighting his role in justifying confederate behaviors post-war and the lack of consequences for confederate leaders, and proposes reevaluating his hero status in society. it also compares the end of the civil war to that of world war ii, emphasizing the continuing tensions and lack of clear resolution.', 'duration': 460.96, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the problematic legacy of Robert E. Lee, highlighting his role in justifying Confederate behaviors post-war and the lack of consequences for Confederate leaders. Robert E. Lee's problematic legacy, justifying Confederate behaviors post-war, lack of consequences for Confederate leaders.", 'The comparison between the end of the Civil War and World War II, emphasizing the continuing tensions and lack of clear resolution. Comparison between the end of the Civil War and World War II, continuing tensions, lack of clear resolution.', "The proposal to reevaluate Robert E. Lee's hero status in society. Proposal to reevaluate Robert E. Lee's hero status."]}, {'end': 4973.486, 'start': 4853.755, 'title': "Lincoln's brilliant leadership", 'summary': "Highlights abraham lincoln's brilliant ideas and actions, such as emancipating slaves to benefit the union army and using different narratives to move people towards abolitionist policies, showcasing his great leadership and political tactics.", 'duration': 119.731, 'highlights': ['Lincoln emancipating slaves to benefit the Union army and convincing non-abolitionists by serving their own interests.', 'Using different narratives to move people towards abolitionist policies, showcasing great leadership and political tactics.', 'Managing the international side of the Civil War, demonstrating strong diplomatic skills.']}, {'end': 5313.295, 'start': 4973.906, 'title': "Lincoln's diplomacy and succession planning", 'summary': "Discusses lincoln's diplomatic efforts to prevent british support for the confederacy, his successful diplomatic strategies, and his failure in succession planning, particularly in the case of andrew johnson.", 'duration': 339.389, 'highlights': ["Lincoln's diplomatic efforts to prevent British support for the Confederacy Lincoln initiates a quarantine of the South, threatens Britain, and argues that they will benefit more from having the industrial capability of the Union on their side.", "Failure in succession planning with Andrew Johnson Lincoln's failure in succession planning is evident with Andrew Johnson, who was considered unprepared to lead, and his terrible succession plan due to Andrew Johnson's incompetence.", 'Importance of succession planning for leaders The discussion emphasizes the importance of succession planning for leaders, highlighting the need to think about what happens after their death and the long-term impact of their actions.']}], 'duration': 1332.285, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA3981010.jpg', 'highlights': ['Advocating for in-depth interviews with controversial figures such as David Duke and Vladimir Putin to gain understanding and insight into their perspectives and actions.', 'Emphasizing the need for thorough research and preparation in journalism, condemning lazy interviewers and advocating for deep investigative work akin to that of a historian or biographer.', 'Importance of understanding history in human interactions, emphasizing the need to comprehend both the positive and negative aspects to gain a comprehensive understanding of human nature.', 'The chapter discusses the problematic legacy of Robert E. Lee, highlighting his role in justifying Confederate behaviors post-war and the lack of consequences for Confederate leaders.', 'The comparison between the end of the Civil War and World War II, emphasizing the continuing tensions and lack of clear resolution.', "The proposal to reevaluate Robert E. Lee's hero status in society.", 'Lincoln emancipating slaves to benefit the Union army and convincing non-abolitionists by serving their own interests.', 'Using different narratives to move people towards abolitionist policies, showcasing great leadership and political tactics.', 'Managing the international side of the Civil War, demonstrating strong diplomatic skills.', "Lincoln's diplomatic efforts to prevent British support for the Confederacy by initiating a quarantine of the South, threatening Britain, and arguing that they will benefit more from having the industrial capability of the Union on their side.", 'Failure in succession planning with Andrew Johnson, evident with his unpreparedness to lead and the terrible succession plan due to his incompetence.', 'Importance of succession planning for leaders, highlighting the need to think about what happens after their death and the long-term impact of their actions.']}, {'end': 5954.512, 'segs': [{'end': 5388.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5363.42, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5369.041, 'text': 'You kind of have to figure out how to do it correctly, how to have that power propagate and, especially during war,', 'start': 5363.42, 'duration': 5.621}, {'end': 5374.362, 'text': 'how you get everybody together into this warmongering mood.', 'start': 5369.041, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 5379.683, 'text': 'and then how do you calm down from that and just relax? Precisely.', 'start': 5374.362, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 5386.547, 'text': "So in some sense, that's, with Andrew Johnson, that was the problem, is the over-centralization of power.", 'start': 5380.104, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 5388.508, 'text': 'It was the over-centralization of power,', 'start': 5386.907, 'duration': 1.601}], 'summary': 'Challenges of centralizing power during war and the need for relaxation and balance.', 'duration': 25.088, 'max_score': 5363.42, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5363420.jpg'}, {'end': 5614.097, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5503.083, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5504.824, 'text': 'it seems like war is anti-democratic.', 'start': 5503.083, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5505.804, 'text': 'It is.', 'start': 5505.564, 'duration': 0.24}, {'end': 5512.507, 'text': "So how do you come down from that? What's the interesting mechanism I mean, some of it is leadership.", 'start': 5506.344, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 5516.368, 'text': 'You have to be like a George Washington type figure, be able to walk away from power.', 'start': 5512.567, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 5518.029, 'text': 'I think you gave the answer right there.', 'start': 5516.469, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 5521.871, 'text': 'You need to walk away from power or you need to be forced to walk away from power.', 'start': 5518.83, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 5529.374, 'text': 'Historically, one of the things that democracies have tended to do when they have a chance is to vote out of office the victor in the war.', 'start': 5522.231, 'duration': 7.143}, {'end': 5530.935, 'text': 'Think about Winston Churchill.', 'start': 5529.894, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 5535.937, 'text': "Roosevelt is elected to his fourth term when he's still in the war.", 'start': 5533.036, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5539.48, 'text': 'not clear that he would have been elected again.', 'start': 5536.738, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 5548.667, 'text': "let's say he lived on because there is a sensibility that the person has become too powerful in this role and that they someone else should now step in,", 'start': 5539.48, 'duration': 9.187}, {'end': 5551.589, 'text': "someone else who's also not a war president but has other interests.", 'start': 5548.667, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 5554.872, 'text': "so let's hope ukraine wins this war.", 'start': 5551.589, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 5560.816, 'text': 'um, zielinski should then step down or someone else should be voted in.', 'start': 5554.872, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 5563.817, 'text': 'It will be dangerous if he remains president.', 'start': 5561.196, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 5567.639, 'text': "Let's say he wins somehow and a true victory, just as a hypothetical.", 'start': 5563.857, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 5569.659, 'text': 'He should not be.', 'start': 5568.559, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 5579.664, 'text': "he should be praised, maybe given a nice villa, but someone else should take over, because the problem is that he's going to have too much power.", 'start': 5569.659, 'duration': 10.005}, {'end': 5584.826, 'text': "And honestly, he's going to be too out of touch with what the country needs after the war.", 'start': 5580.604, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 5591.005, 'text': "What do you think would have happened if Lincoln had lived? That's the sort of counterfactual view of history.", 'start': 5586.323, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 5594.207, 'text': "It's an interesting question that probably you think about a lot.", 'start': 5591.045, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 5599.65, 'text': "What would have happened if he didn't get assassinated? It's a reasonable question because it was not inevitable he'd be assassinated.", 'start': 5594.647, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 5601.431, 'text': 'He could have had more protection that night.', 'start': 5600.05, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5605.833, 'text': "He'd invited Ulysses Grant to go to the theater with him, and Grant and his wife didn't go.", 'start': 5601.811, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 5607.954, 'text': 'If they had been there, there would have been more protection for Grant.', 'start': 5606.013, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5611.636, 'text': 'So he would have had at least double the security there.', 'start': 5608.474, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 5614.097, 'text': 'So there are many ways in which he might not have died.', 'start': 5612.116, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': "Democratic leaders should step down after war; historical examples support this. ukraine's president should also consider stepping down if they win.", 'duration': 111.014, 'max_score': 5503.083, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5503083.jpg'}, {'end': 5548.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5518.83, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5521.871, 'text': 'You need to walk away from power or you need to be forced to walk away from power.', 'start': 5518.83, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 5529.374, 'text': 'Historically, one of the things that democracies have tended to do when they have a chance is to vote out of office the victor in the war.', 'start': 5522.231, 'duration': 7.143}, {'end': 5530.935, 'text': 'Think about Winston Churchill.', 'start': 5529.894, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 5535.937, 'text': "Roosevelt is elected to his fourth term when he's still in the war.", 'start': 5533.036, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5539.48, 'text': 'not clear that he would have been elected again.', 'start': 5536.738, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 5548.667, 'text': "let's say he lived on because there is a sensibility that the person has become too powerful in this role and that they someone else should now step in,", 'start': 5539.48, 'duration': 9.187}], 'summary': "Democracies tend to vote out leaders in power after war, like roosevelt's potential fourth term", 'duration': 29.837, 'max_score': 5518.83, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5518830.jpg'}, {'end': 5655.789, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5629.708, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5634.131, 'text': 'And I think Lincoln was more committed to empowering former slaves and others.', 'start': 5629.708, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 5640.596, 'text': 'So we still would have had a lot of conflicts, but I think what would have been a degree of difficulty was doubled or tripled,', 'start': 5634.412, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 5646.46, 'text': 'because Lincoln was removed and the opposite came into power with Andrew Johnson.', 'start': 5640.596, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 5655.789, 'text': "So you don't think there's a case to admit that Andrew Johnson turned out to be – a bad decision, but the spirit of the decision is the correct one.", 'start': 5646.861, 'duration': 8.928}], 'summary': "Lincoln's removal doubled or tripled the difficulty, empowering former slaves was at risk.", 'duration': 26.081, 'max_score': 5629.708, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5629708.jpg'}, {'end': 5791.674, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5766.058, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5770.762, 'text': 'If the Confederate states had won the war, you would have seen, I think, a separate country.', 'start': 5766.058, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 5777.091, 'text': 'In the South, you would have seen two countries and that Confederate country would have been a smaller country,', 'start': 5771.71, 'duration': 5.381}, {'end': 5781.332, 'text': 'but it probably would have been able to defend itself, because it would have actually gotten much richer than it was.', 'start': 5777.091, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 5788.194, 'text': 'It was poor at the time, but through its cotton trade and other things it would have been recognized by Great Britain, by France, by other societies,', 'start': 5781.352, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 5791.674, 'text': 'and you would have seen a Southern Republic.', 'start': 5788.194, 'duration': 3.48}], 'summary': 'If the confederate states had won the war, there would have been a separate, smaller, and richer country in the south.', 'duration': 25.616, 'max_score': 5766.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5766058.jpg'}, {'end': 5882.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5861.535, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5870.682, 'text': "in this context, if we put aside the suffering and the loss of life in the war, that we'd be in a better world today?", 'start': 5861.535, 'duration': 9.147}, {'end': 5873.104, 'text': 'Just looking at the political climate.', 'start': 5871.322, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 5878.728, 'text': 'and can you also make the case that actually this outcome of the union winning the war is the better one?', 'start': 5873.104, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 5882.485, 'text': 'I think the union victory is by far the better outcome,', 'start': 5879.281, 'duration': 3.204}], 'summary': 'Union victory in the war led to a better outcome.', 'duration': 20.95, 'max_score': 5861.535, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5861535.jpg'}], 'start': 5315.544, 'title': "Power and leadership in war and lincoln's influence", 'summary': "Discusses the dangers of over-centralization of power in war, citing the example of andrew johnson's unchecked power after lincoln's assassination, and the need for leaders to relinquish power post-war. it also explores the potential outcomes if lincoln had not been assassinated, the impact of andrew johnson's presidency, the potential consequences of a confederate victory, and the implications of secession on the political climate and abolition of slavery.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5584.826, 'start': 5315.544, 'title': 'Power and leadership in war', 'summary': "Discusses the dangers of over-centralization of power in war, citing the example of andrew johnson's unchecked power after lincoln's assassination, and the need for leaders to relinquish power post-war, as seen in the case of zelensky and putin in ukraine.", 'duration': 269.282, 'highlights': ["The over-centralization of power in war, as seen in the case of Andrew Johnson's unchecked power after Lincoln's assassination, can set a country back significantly, hindering progress post-war.", 'Leaders need to be able to walk away from power or be forced to do so, as historically observed in democracies, where the victor in a war is often voted out of office to prevent excessive accumulation of power.', "The need for leaders to relinquish power post-war is exemplified in the case of Zelensky and Putin in Ukraine, highlighting the dangers of remaining in power after a war and the potential disconnect from the country's needs."]}, {'end': 5954.512, 'start': 5586.323, 'title': "Lincoln's influence and counterfactual history", 'summary': "Explores the potential outcomes if lincoln had not been assassinated, the impact of andrew johnson's presidency, the potential consequences of a confederate victory, and the implications of secession on the political climate and abolition of slavery.", 'duration': 368.189, 'highlights': ['The potential outcomes if Lincoln had not been assassinated, including the possibility of increased protection and its impact on the Reconstruction era, such as a different approach to Confederate leaders and empowering former slaves. doubling or tripling the degree of difficulty in the Reconstruction era, potential shift in political approach towards Confederate leaders and former slaves', "The impact of Andrew Johnson's presidency and the decision to appoint him as Lincoln's vice president, leading to challenges and criticisms regarding his capability to lead. recognition of Johnson's incapability, discussions around the decision and its consequences", 'The potential consequences of a Confederate victory, including the creation of a separate Southern Republic and its foreign policy objectives, such as expansion into the Caribbean and their implications on the continent. likelihood of a rival Southern Republic, plans for expansion into the Caribbean, and implications on the continent', 'The implications of secession on the political climate and abolition of slavery, with a comparison of potential outcomes between the Union victory and a separate slave republic in the South. discussion of the impact on the abolition of slavery, potential outcomes of secession, and the contrast between the Union victory and a separate slave republic']}], 'duration': 638.968, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5315544.jpg', 'highlights': ["The dangers of over-centralization of power in war, as seen in Andrew Johnson's unchecked power after Lincoln's assassination, can hinder progress post-war.", 'Leaders need to relinquish power post-war, as observed in democracies where the victor is often voted out of office to prevent excessive accumulation of power.', 'The potential outcomes if Lincoln had not been assassinated could have doubled or tripled the difficulty in the Reconstruction era, impacting the approach towards Confederate leaders and former slaves.', "The impact of Andrew Johnson's presidency and the decision to appoint him as Lincoln's vice president led to challenges and criticisms regarding his capability to lead.", 'The potential consequences of a Confederate victory include the creation of a separate Southern Republic, expansion into the Caribbean, and implications on the continent.', 'The implications of secession on the political climate and abolition of slavery are discussed, comparing potential outcomes between the Union victory and a separate slave republic in the South.']}, {'end': 7148.491, 'segs': [{'end': 5997.805, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5954.512, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5957.774, 'text': 'rather than leaving you on your own to go your own direction.', 'start': 5954.512, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 5966.058, 'text': 'I think the argument against the union winning would be the argument that would be made by those who believe they suffered from union power later on.', 'start': 5958.134, 'duration': 7.924}, {'end': 5968.479, 'text': 'So you could argue.', 'start': 5966.738, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5973.8, 'text': "if you're a historian of Native Americans, if you're a historian of the Philippines,", 'start': 5968.479, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 5981.643, 'text': 'you could argue some of the areas where this newly united nation coming out of the Civil War was able to use its power to spread its influence.', 'start': 5973.8, 'duration': 7.843}, {'end': 5986.805, 'text': 'it would have been harder for the Union to do that if the Union had to deal with a rival to the South.', 'start': 5981.643, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 5990.672, 'text': 'So as a historian, the Union won.', 'start': 5987.847, 'duration': 2.825}, {'end': 5997.805, 'text': 'To which degree are the people from the Union that is now the United States the writers of the history?', 'start': 5990.692, 'duration': 7.113}], 'summary': "The union's victory enabled the united states to expand its influence, shaping history.", 'duration': 43.293, 'max_score': 5954.512, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5954512.jpg'}, {'end': 6067.648, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6038.311, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6044.275, 'text': "Most of the history of Europe has been written by Germans and French and British citizens, right? I mean, so usually it's that way.", 'start': 6038.311, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 6048.338, 'text': 'And for the most part, our history has been written from a sort of Northeastern point of view.', 'start': 6044.415, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 6055.663, 'text': "But it's very interesting, the history of the years after the Civil War that I focus on in this book, has largely been written by the losers.", 'start': 6048.818, 'duration': 6.845}, {'end': 6062.125, 'text': "Because the Union and its legacies and I grew up in New York, so I'm growing up as a legacy of that right?", 'start': 6056.363, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 6067.648, 'text': 'Those were individuals who wanted to write about what happened long after the Civil War, when the North got rich.', 'start': 6062.806, 'duration': 4.842}], 'summary': "European history mainly written by germans, french, and british. post-civil war history from a different perspective, written by the 'losers'.", 'duration': 29.337, 'max_score': 6038.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA6038311.jpg'}, {'end': 6183.212, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6156.157, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6160.601, 'text': "The Soviet Union are the ones that suffered and often actually don't emphasize the suffering.", 'start': 6156.157, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 6164.004, 'text': 'They emphasize the glory that they defeated this huge evil.', 'start': 6160.901, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 6168.227, 'text': "But then you listen to the United States' perspective on this, and it's almost like.", 'start': 6164.264, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 6174.149, 'text': "I mean there's several ways of phrasing it, but basically the United States won the war.", 'start': 6170.588, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 6176.79, 'text': 'Without the United States, it would be impossible to win the war.', 'start': 6174.45, 'duration': 2.34}, {'end': 6177.83, 'text': 'They were the turning point.', 'start': 6176.81, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 6183.212, 'text': 'My last, my everything, that song.', 'start': 6181.591, 'duration': 1.621}], 'summary': 'Soviet union emphasizes suffering, us claims pivotal role in winning war.', 'duration': 27.055, 'max_score': 6156.157, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA6156157.jpg'}, {'end': 6328.597, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6300.579, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6303.881, 'text': "What do you think about that perspective on history? I think it's super valuable.", 'start': 6300.579, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 6314.864, 'text': "I think we should expose the gap between ideals and practice, but that doesn't mean we should throw away the great people who were also hypocrites,", 'start': 6303.941, 'duration': 10.923}, {'end': 6316.826, 'text': "because everyone I've studied is a hypocrite.", 'start': 6314.864, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 6317.647, 'text': "I'm a hypocrite.", 'start': 6317.046, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 6318.908, 'text': "I think I'm a pretty good father.", 'start': 6317.687, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 6324.773, 'text': 'Luckily, my son is an even better mother, but there are parts of me that I mean.', 'start': 6319.608, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 6328.597, 'text': "I often find myself telling our children to do things that I didn't do right?", 'start': 6324.773, 'duration': 3.824}], 'summary': 'Examining the gap between ideals and practice, acknowledging hypocrisy while striving for improvement.', 'duration': 28.018, 'max_score': 6300.579, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA6300579.jpg'}, {'end': 6510.006, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6481.676, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6484.857, 'text': 'So sometimes silence on Twitter is the courageous action,', 'start': 6481.676, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 6491.72, 'text': 'because you wait and think and learn and have patience to truly understand the situation before you take actual action.', 'start': 6484.857, 'duration': 6.863}, {'end': 6497.322, 'text': 'Not participate in the outrage crowds on Twitter, the hysteria of cancellation.', 'start': 6492.18, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 6500.603, 'text': "What's hard to do is to speak up when everybody else is silent.", 'start': 6497.362, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 6501.664, 'text': "That's what's hard to do.", 'start': 6500.843, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 6504.785, 'text': 'And to speak up against those who you thought were on your side.', 'start': 6501.984, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 6506.765, 'text': 'Yes, exactly.', 'start': 6505.365, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 6510.006, 'text': 'Good luck to those on the left who speak up against the left.', 'start': 6507.165, 'duration': 2.841}], 'summary': 'Silence on twitter can be courageous, challenging to speak up against own side.', 'duration': 28.33, 'max_score': 6481.676, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA6481676.jpg'}, {'end': 6689.558, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6659.254, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 6662.858, 'text': 'What was the idea of the country that John Wilkes Booth believed in?', 'start': 6659.254, 'duration': 3.604}, {'end': 6666.583, 'text': 'You talked about this country that just constantly being repeated in his writing.', 'start': 6662.919, 'duration': 3.664}, {'end': 6673.55, 'text': 'For John Wilkes Booth and many other people who are close to the southern part of the country in the Confederacy.', 'start': 6666.983, 'duration': 6.567}, {'end': 6676.453, 'text': 'they believe the country should be a democracy for white people.', 'start': 6673.55, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 6678.554, 'text': 'abounded democracy.', 'start': 6677.114, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 6682.976, 'text': 'And Booth was horrified and we have to empathize with it.', 'start': 6679.435, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 6689.558, 'text': 'not sympathize, but recognize how strange it seemed to him that all of a sudden those who were slaves were now soldiers with guns.', 'start': 6682.976, 'duration': 6.582}], 'summary': 'John wilkes booth believed in a white democracy, shocked by former slaves becoming soldiers.', 'duration': 30.304, 'max_score': 6659.254, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA6659254.jpg'}, {'end': 7116.746, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7087.966, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 7094.512, 'text': "The Christian nationalist approach that we've seen in the 20th century, and especially in recent decades, is intended to divide people.", 'start': 7087.966, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 7096.254, 'text': 'It excludes Jews.', 'start': 7095.473, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 7101.058, 'text': "It excludes Christians who don't interpret Christianity their way.", 'start': 7097.234, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 7108.304, 'text': "And to say that's what we've always done is an entire distortion of our country, and it also hides why this is so dangerous.", 'start': 7102.019, 'duration': 6.285}, {'end': 7116.746, 'text': 'Insofar as Christianity matters to our country, it should be in the way Lincoln uses it as a set of common texts that many of us resonate with,', 'start': 7109.238, 'duration': 7.508}], 'summary': "Christian nationalist approach excludes jews and some christians, distorting country's values and dividing people.", 'duration': 28.78, 'max_score': 7087.966, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7087966.jpg'}], 'start': 5954.512, 'title': 'Influence of united nation after civil war', 'summary': "Discusses the influence of the newly united nation after the civil war, the importance of studying history from different perspectives, and delves into john wilkes booth's belief in a democracy for white people and his horror at the idea of african-american union soldiers.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6018.781, 'start': 5954.512, 'title': "Union's influence after the civil war", 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of the newly united nation after the civil war and the potential impact on history, with a focus on the argument against the union winning and the perspective of the writers of history.', 'duration': 64.269, 'highlights': ['The argument against the union winning would be made by those who believe they suffered from union power later on.', 'The newly united nation coming out of the Civil War was able to use its power to spread its influence.', "The perspective of who's the good guys and the bad guys is influenced by the people from the Union, now the United States, who write the history.", "The potential impact of the Union's victory on the history of Native Americans and the Philippines is discussed."]}, {'end': 6633.767, 'start': 6018.801, 'title': 'Revisiting history and learning from failures', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of studying history from different perspectives, acknowledging failures, and learning from them, with examples from the civil war and world war ii, while also emphasizing the significance of speaking up against societal wrongs and the impact of individual actions.', 'duration': 614.966, 'highlights': ["The winners write history, but the chapter emphasizes the importance of studying history from different perspectives, acknowledging the losers' narratives, and learning from failures. Importance of studying history from different perspectives, acknowledging the losers' narratives, learning from failures.", "The history of years after the Civil War has largely been written by the losers, providing a different perspective on the post-war period and the impact of the North's prosperity. Different perspective on the post-war period, impact of the North's prosperity.", "The chapter discusses the contrasting perspectives on World War II, highlighting the Soviet Union's perspective of suffering and glory compared to the United States' perspective of being the critical component of winning the war. Contrasting perspectives on World War II, emphasis on the Soviet Union's suffering and glory, the United States' critical component.", 'Emphasizing the importance of acknowledging the gap between ideals and practice in historical figures, such as Thomas Jefferson, while valuing their contributions and learning from their flaws. Importance of acknowledging the gap between ideals and practice, valuing contributions of historical figures, learning from their flaws.', 'Highlighting the significance of speaking up against societal wrongs, the hypocrisy of cancel culture, and the importance of taking meaningful action rather than remaining silent. Significance of speaking up against societal wrongs, hypocrisy of cancel culture, importance of taking meaningful action.']}, {'end': 7148.491, 'start': 6633.807, 'title': 'John wilkes booth and the ideology of democracy', 'summary': "Delves into john wilkes booth's belief in a democracy for white people, his horror at the idea of african-american union soldiers, and the intersection of white supremacy, christian nationalism, and exclusionary ideologies in history and today.", 'duration': 514.684, 'highlights': ['John Wilkes Booth believed in a democracy for white people and was horrified by the idea of African-American Union soldiers, justifying mistreating black people. Belief in democracy for white people, horror at African-American Union soldiers, justification of mistreating black people.', 'The notion of Christian nationalism is relatively new, creating a false history of a unified Christian nation and excluding those with different interpretations of Christianity. Newness of Christian nationalism, creation of a false history, exclusion of different Christian interpretations.', 'The Christian nationalist approach in recent decades aims to divide people, excluding Jews and Christians with different interpretations, and serves as a cover for racism. Intention to divide people, exclusion of Jews and diverse Christians, cover for racism.', "There is an intersection between white supremacy, Christian nationalism, and exclusionary ideologies in history and today, leading to the distortion of the country's true nature and dangerous ramifications. Intersection of ideologies, distortion of the country's nature, dangerous ramifications."]}], 'duration': 1193.979, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA5954512.jpg', 'highlights': ["The potential impact of the Union's victory on the history of Native Americans and the Philippines is discussed.", 'The newly united nation coming out of the Civil War was able to use its power to spread its influence.', "The perspective of who's the good guys and the bad guys is influenced by the people from the Union, now the United States, who write the history.", 'The argument against the union winning would be made by those who believe they suffered from union power later on.', "The winners write history, but the chapter emphasizes the importance of studying history from different perspectives, acknowledging the losers' narratives, and learning from failures.", "The history of years after the Civil War has largely been written by the losers, providing a different perspective on the post-war period and the impact of the North's prosperity.", "The chapter discusses the contrasting perspectives on World War II, highlighting the Soviet Union's perspective of suffering and glory compared to the United States' perspective of being the critical component of winning the war.", 'Emphasizing the importance of acknowledging the gap between ideals and practice in historical figures, such as Thomas Jefferson, while valuing their contributions and learning from their flaws.', 'Highlighting the significance of speaking up against societal wrongs, the hypocrisy of cancel culture, and the importance of taking meaningful action rather than remaining silent.', 'John Wilkes Booth believed in a democracy for white people and was horrified by the idea of African-American Union soldiers, justifying mistreating black people.', 'The notion of Christian nationalism is relatively new, creating a false history of a unified Christian nation and excluding those with different interpretations of Christianity.', 'The Christian nationalist approach in recent decades aims to divide people, excluding Jews and Christians with different interpretations, and serves as a cover for racism.', "There is an intersection between white supremacy, Christian nationalism, and exclusionary ideologies in history and today, leading to the distortion of the country's true nature and dangerous ramifications."]}, {'end': 9048.305, 'segs': [{'end': 7212.567, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7171.308, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7173.549, 'text': "They're controversial because it's not always clear who's won.", 'start': 7171.308, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 7182.953, 'text': "In 1876, Samuel Tilden, the governor of New York, who's running as a Democratic candidate, wins more votes across the country.", 'start': 7174.649, 'duration': 8.304}, {'end': 7185.831, 'text': 'So everyone knows he becomes president right?', 'start': 7184.13, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 7193.516, 'text': "Wrong, he doesn't become president because in three states South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida it's very, very close.", 'start': 7186.331, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 7202.741, 'text': 'And even though Tilden has more total votes, if he loses those states, the electors in those states, all of which go to the winner of the state,', 'start': 7194.616, 'duration': 8.125}, {'end': 7204.262, 'text': 'would actually make Rutherford B.', 'start': 7202.741, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 7206.143, 'text': 'Hayes the Republican candidate president.', 'start': 7204.262, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 7212.567, 'text': 'In all three of those states, you also have Republican governors who have just lost, but are still the people who have to certify the election.', 'start': 7206.623, 'duration': 5.944}], 'summary': 'In 1876, despite samuel tilden winning more votes, rutherford b. hayes becomes president due to close results in south carolina, louisiana, and florida.', 'duration': 41.259, 'max_score': 7171.308, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7171308.jpg'}, {'end': 7265.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7235.822, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7241.686, 'text': 'which is where the Democrats will accept Hayes as president in return for Hayes doing all the things the Democrats want in the South.', 'start': 7235.822, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 7251.827, 'text': 'And so in essence, you have a deal made that one side will get all it wants while allowing the other side to have the figurehead.', 'start': 7242.884, 'duration': 8.943}, {'end': 7257.269, 'text': 'And so in a certain way, this marks a moment when the Confederacy wins.', 'start': 7252.847, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 7265.823, 'text': "For example, Hayes has to agree to pull out all federal force from the South, which means there's no protection for fair elections going forward.", 'start': 7258.277, 'duration': 7.546}], 'summary': 'Democrats secure presidency in exchange for southern control, impacting fair elections.', 'duration': 30.001, 'max_score': 7235.822, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7235822.jpg'}, {'end': 7408.311, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7378.519, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7380.741, 'text': "No, there's always violence involved in one way or another,", 'start': 7378.519, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 7385.446, 'text': 'violence in either trying to prevent people from voting or violence in preventing people from preventing.', 'start': 7380.741, 'duration': 4.705}, {'end': 7387.829, 'text': 'people from voting right.', 'start': 7386.187, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 7391.434, 'text': 'elections are not, uh, peaceful walks in the park,', 'start': 7387.829, 'duration': 3.605}, {'end': 7398.324, 'text': "and that's why most countries have a centralized system to manage elections and provide protection for people.", 'start': 7391.434, 'duration': 6.89}, {'end': 7399.585, 'text': 'we need to think about that.', 'start': 7398.324, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 7403.488, 'text': "a lot of people don't vote because they're afraid They don't want to take the time,", 'start': 7399.585, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 7408.311, 'text': "but they're also afraid that they're going to anger someone or that they're going to be seen as politicizing an issue.", 'start': 7403.488, 'duration': 4.823}], 'summary': 'Elections involve violence, centralized systems needed for protection, fear prevents voting.', 'duration': 29.792, 'max_score': 7378.519, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7378519.jpg'}, {'end': 7442.458, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7415.034, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7421.497, 'text': 'One of the things the Ku Klux Klan did is it prevented black people from voting and that it helped white people go to multiple voting booths.', 'start': 7415.034, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 7423.911, 'text': 'And this was quite common.', 'start': 7422.931, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 7429.013, 'text': "In the 1880s, if you went to vote, here's how it would happen in a place like Chicago or New York.", 'start': 7423.991, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 7435.195, 'text': 'The union boss from your factory would come and get you at the factory, give you lunch,', 'start': 7429.633, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 7442.458, 'text': 'get you drunk and then drive you from one voting booth to another and give you a ballot that you would bring in and he would watch you deposit that ballot.', 'start': 7435.195, 'duration': 7.263}], 'summary': 'Ku klux klan prevented black voting, facilitated white multiple voting, common practice in 1880s.', 'duration': 27.424, 'max_score': 7415.034, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7415034.jpg'}, {'end': 7616.963, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7591.241, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7595.643, 'text': 'Complexity makes it easier for someone to make an argument that the wrong thing has been done.', 'start': 7591.241, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 7597.304, 'text': 'We should simplify the system.', 'start': 7596.063, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 7605.549, 'text': "In Brazil they had a very close election, and it's very hard for Bolsonaro, who lost that close election, to claim there was fraud,", 'start': 7597.544, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 7609.372, 'text': "because there's a central authority run by the judiciary that counted the votes, and it's just simple.", 'start': 7605.549, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 7611.278, 'text': "It's not about which states.", 'start': 7610.137, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 7613.52, 'text': "It's not about who the county officials were.", 'start': 7611.838, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 7616.963, 'text': 'Did he claim or no? He has not acknowledged that he lost.', 'start': 7613.6, 'duration': 3.363}], 'summary': "Simplify systems to prevent election fraud; bolsonaro lost but hasn't acknowledged.", 'duration': 25.722, 'max_score': 7591.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7591241.jpg'}, {'end': 7681.678, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7650.844, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7654.406, 'text': "There's all kinds of improvements that it seems our system is dragging their feet on.", 'start': 7650.844, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 7656.947, 'text': 'Rank choice, voting, all that kind of stuff.', 'start': 7655.186, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 7658.187, 'text': "Let's make this clear.", 'start': 7657.327, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 7663.23, 'text': 'We claim to be the greatest 21st century democracy, and we still vote like the 19th century.', 'start': 7658.708, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 7664.811, 'text': "We're not even in the 20th century.", 'start': 7663.27, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 7672.794, 'text': 'Most people, when they went to vote, they actually, like you know, checked a box and put a piece of paper in a box right?', 'start': 7665.311, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 7674.515, 'text': "I mean that's not 21st century.", 'start': 7672.854, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 7681.678, 'text': 'We can move millions of dollars, maybe billions for you, Lex, in bank accounts from our keyboard.', 'start': 7675.055, 'duration': 6.623}], 'summary': 'System needs improvement in voting system for 21st century democracy.', 'duration': 30.834, 'max_score': 7650.844, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7650844.jpg'}, {'end': 7986.899, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7963.495, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7972.822, 'text': "And so my view is that what a good historian, what a good scholar does, I don't care what their field is, is you're self-conscious of your biases.", 'start': 7963.495, 'duration': 9.327}, {'end': 7984.756, 'text': "and you try to recognize them, as you're doing your research, and you make doubly certain that where your research seems to reinforce your biases,", 'start': 7974.403, 'duration': 10.353}, {'end': 7986.899, 'text': 'that you actually have the evidence to make that argument.', 'start': 7984.756, 'duration': 2.143}], 'summary': 'Good historians and scholars recognize and address biases in their research to ensure evidence-based arguments.', 'duration': 23.404, 'max_score': 7963.495, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7963495.jpg'}, {'end': 8279.177, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8256.181, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 8263.626, 'text': "It's not just calling somebody anti-Semite and you're evil because you've ever said something that's kind of a dog whistle against Jewish people.", 'start': 8256.181, 'duration': 7.445}, {'end': 8266.268, 'text': 'You have to be open-hearted to that.', 'start': 8264.607, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 8272.833, 'text': 'These are ideas that you have to contend with, that you have to ultimately, I think,', 'start': 8266.348, 'duration': 6.485}, {'end': 8279.177, 'text': 'heal the division behind those ideas by having empathetic conversations with people, as opposed to again throwing poop.', 'start': 8272.833, 'duration': 6.344}], 'summary': 'Address anti-semitism through empathetic conversations, not accusations or conflict.', 'duration': 22.996, 'max_score': 8256.181, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA8256181.jpg'}, {'end': 8726.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8701.099, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 8709.166, 'text': "And it triggers you and you get hateful, and then you feel like you've done something by shouting out your hate or typing in.", 'start': 8701.099, 'duration': 8.067}, {'end': 8711.969, 'text': "And so I don't know if it's a derangement syndrome.", 'start': 8710.288, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 8718.275, 'text': "I think it's a way in which our energy gets channeled and expressed in totally useless ways.", 'start': 8712.009, 'duration': 6.266}, {'end': 8721.887, 'text': "Yeah, that's an interesting psychology which reminds me.", 'start': 8718.905, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 8726.891, 'text': "I need to explore that, because I've noticed that, believe it or not, it's easy for me to believe,", 'start': 8721.887, 'duration': 5.004}], 'summary': 'Expressions of hate may be a way to channel energy, an interesting psychology to explore.', 'duration': 25.792, 'max_score': 8701.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA8701099.jpg'}, {'end': 8911.296, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8885.236, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 8892.906, 'text': "But I guess what I'm saying is and I think this is your message too right is that Don't let the fact that people don't like you,", 'start': 8885.236, 'duration': 7.67}, {'end': 8895.508, 'text': 'or even that some people hate you, stop you from doing the right thing.', 'start': 8892.906, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 8900.13, 'text': "Think about how you can perhaps trigger them less, but don't stop what you're doing.", 'start': 8896.108, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 8905.233, 'text': 'I see too many and this is why I bring this up too many of my students, too many young,', 'start': 8900.15, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 8911.296, 'text': "very talented people who are afraid to take risks because they're afraid that someone will hate them.", 'start': 8905.233, 'duration': 6.063}], 'summary': "Don't be deterred by people not liking you; continue doing the right thing and taking risks.", 'duration': 26.06, 'max_score': 8885.236, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA8885236.jpg'}, {'end': 9054.211, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9025.555, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 9030.277, 'text': "if you actually truly have a conversation with another human being you empathize, it's very difficult.", 'start': 9025.555, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 9035.86, 'text': "Because they have a story, they have a vision of themselves that they're the good person.", 'start': 9031.378, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 9043.043, 'text': "And to call somebody a liar while having empathy, basically imply that they're a liar, that's damn, damn hard.", 'start': 9036.36, 'duration': 6.683}, {'end': 9048.305, 'text': "So anyway, I'm trying to figure this thing out.", 'start': 9044.003, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 9054.211, 'text': 'Can you make the case that the January 6th storming of the US Capitol is a big deal?', 'start': 9049.105, 'duration': 5.106}], 'summary': 'Empathizing with others makes it hard to call them a liar; discussing the significance of the january 6th us capitol storming.', 'duration': 28.656, 'max_score': 9025.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9025555.jpg'}], 'start': 7149.192, 'title': 'Impact of 1876 election', 'summary': 'Discusses the 1876 election, where samuel tilden won more votes but rutherford b. hayes became president. it also covers the impact of close elections on african-american voter decline, electoral college issues, election violence, and relevance to present-day contested elections.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7257.269, 'start': 7149.192, 'title': 'Disputed election of 1876', 'summary': 'Discusses the highly controversial and close 1876 election, where despite samuel tilden winning more total votes, rutherford b. hayes became president through disputed electoral votes in three states, marking a moment when the confederacy wins.', 'duration': 108.077, 'highlights': ['Rutherford B. Hayes became president through disputed electoral votes in three states Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican candidate, became president despite Samuel Tilden winning more total votes, through disputed electoral votes in three states - South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida.', 'Samuel Tilden won more total votes across the country Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won more total votes across the country in the 1876 election.', 'Democrats accepted Hayes as president in return for concessions in the South An agreement was reached where Democrats accepted Hayes as president in return for him fulfilling their demands in the South, marking a moment when the Confederacy wins.']}, {'end': 7590.44, 'start': 7258.277, 'title': 'Impact of close elections on the united states', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of close elections in the late 19th century on african-american voter decline, electoral college issues, election violence, and the difference in party dynamics, highlighting the relevance to present-day contested elections.', 'duration': 332.163, 'highlights': ['The number of African-American voters in states like Mississippi declined and did not recover until the late 20th century as a result of a lack of federal protection for fair elections after the withdrawal of federal forces.', 'The elections from 1876 until 1896, including the 1888 election where the person with the most popular vote lost, demonstrated the complications and consensus challenges posed by the electoral college system.', 'The impact of close elections, election violence, and the need for a centralized election management system, emphasizing the relevance to present-day contested elections and the potential for claims of election fraud in 2024.', 'The prevalence of election fraud in the late 19th century, particularly the fraudulent practices by the Ku Klux Klan preventing black people from voting and helping white people go to multiple voting booths, highlighting the subsequent elimination of most election fraud through the implementation of safeguards.', 'The difference in party dynamics between the late 19th century and the present day, where Democrats and Republicans were on opposite sides, and the potential for both sides to claim election fraud due to the unnecessarily complex and decentralized election system.']}, {'end': 7769.516, 'start': 7591.241, 'title': 'Simplify voting system for 21st century', 'summary': 'Discusses the need to simplify the voting system to reduce complexity and potential for fraud, advocating for electronic voting and issue-based voting as well as improved polling methods in the 21st century.', 'duration': 178.275, 'highlights': ["The importance of simplifying the voting system to reduce complexity and potential for fraud. The speaker discusses the need to simplify the voting system, citing the example of Brazil's centralized authority run by the judiciary to count votes, making it harder for a losing candidate to claim fraud.", 'Advocating for electronic voting and issue-based voting as improvements for the 21st-century democracy. The conversation touches on the need for electronic voting and issue-based voting as improvements to bring the voting system into the 21st century, highlighting the discrepancy between current voting methods and technological advancements.', 'Criticism of outdated polling methods and the potential for improvement in public opinion measurement. The transcript discusses the inadequacy of current polling methods and advocates for improved public opinion measurement techniques, highlighting the need to modernize polling practices for better accuracy in gauging public sentiment.']}, {'end': 8165.475, 'start': 7770.016, 'title': "Lex's political views and nonpartisan work", 'summary': "Highlights lex's political leanings, with a tendency towards left on social issues and conservatism on fiscal matters, while emphasizing the importance of nonpartisanship in historical research and writing.", 'duration': 395.459, 'highlights': ["Lex's political leanings: leaning left on social and cultural issues and conservative on fiscal matters, with a focus on nonpartisanship in historical research and writing. Lex leans left on social and cultural issues, while being conservative on fiscal matters. Emphasizes the importance of nonpartisanship in historical research and writing.", 'Importance of nonpartisanship in historical research: stressing the need for self-awareness of biases and evidence-based arguments, acknowledging the potential for different interpretations of historical evidence. Emphasizes the importance of self-awareness of biases and evidence-based arguments in historical research. Acknowledges the potential for different interpretations of historical evidence.', "Use of language in historical writing: discussing the use of controversial terms like 'white supremacy' and the need for precision and contextualization in language to avoid triggering tribalism and misinterpretation. Discusses the use of controversial terms in historical writing and the need for precision and contextualization to avoid triggering tribalism and misinterpretation."]}, {'end': 8651.652, 'start': 8166.675, 'title': 'Challenging labels and ideologies', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of white supremacist ideas, the need for nuanced conversations, and the importance of empathetic discussions to address divisive ideologies, while also examining contrasting perspectives on donald trump and joe biden, highlighting their respective beliefs and shortcomings.', 'duration': 484.977, 'highlights': ['The importance of nuanced conversations and empathetic discussions to address white supremacist and anti-Semitic ideas, and the need to move beyond blanket labels and categories to engage in productive dialogue.', 'Contrasting perspectives on Donald Trump, highlighting his belief in making America better and the lack of concern for the welfare of others, and on Joe Biden, emphasizing his commitment to democracy and the need for inspiring public discourse.', 'The significance of empathetic conversations in addressing divisive ideologies and the role of leadership in fostering hope and optimism for the future, while also acknowledging the challenges of unifying a divided nation.', 'The impact of powerful speeches in mobilizing people towards a common mission, the potential for unifying leadership, and the hunger for a unifier in a time of division and cynicism.']}, {'end': 9048.305, 'start': 8652.933, 'title': 'Effects of hate and anger on social media', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of hate and anger on social media, discussing how it triggers people and leads to useless expression of energy, and emphasizes the importance of not letting hate stop one from doing the right thing.', 'duration': 395.372, 'highlights': ['Hate and anger on social media trigger people and lead to useless expression of energy. The discussion highlights how hate and anger on social media can trigger people and lead to useless expression of energy, exacerbating anxiety and frustration in individuals.', 'Importance of not letting hate stop one from doing the right thing. The conversation emphasizes the significance of not allowing hate to deter individuals from doing the right thing, encouraging them to focus on the support they receive and not be hindered by the fear of being disliked or hated.', "Impact of hate and anger on individuals' lives and interactions with the internet. The impact of hate and anger on individuals' lives, particularly in the context of their interactions with the internet, is discussed, highlighting the detrimental effects of following the momentum of hate.", 'Challenges of expressing empathy while asking hard questions. The difficulty of expressing empathy while asking hard questions is highlighted, discussing how it is easier to be a journalist without empathy, compared to engaging in genuine conversations with empathy.']}], 'duration': 1899.113, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA7149192.jpg', 'highlights': ['Rutherford B. Hayes became president through disputed electoral votes in three states', 'Samuel Tilden won more total votes across the country in the 1876 election', 'Democrats accepted Hayes as president in return for concessions in the South', 'The impact of close elections, election violence, and the need for a centralized election management system', 'The prevalence of election fraud in the late 19th century, particularly the fraudulent practices by the Ku Klux Klan', 'The importance of simplifying the voting system to reduce complexity and potential for fraud', 'Advocating for electronic voting and issue-based voting as improvements for the 21st-century democracy', 'Importance of nonpartisanship in historical research: stressing the need for self-awareness of biases and evidence-based arguments', 'The importance of nuanced conversations and empathetic discussions to address white supremacist and anti-Semitic ideas', 'The significance of empathetic conversations in addressing divisive ideologies and the role of leadership in fostering hope and optimism for the future', 'Hate and anger on social media trigger people and lead to useless expression of energy', 'Importance of not letting hate stop one from doing the right thing', 'Challenges of expressing empathy while asking hard questions']}, {'end': 10784.007, 'segs': [{'end': 9107.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9066.545, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9086.416, 'text': "You had a group of people who literally tried to stop the peaceful transfer of power and were intending and there's overwhelming evidence of this if they had caught the vice president or the speaker of the house to do bodily harm to them or to kidnap them.", 'start': 9066.545, 'duration': 19.871}, {'end': 9089.198, 'text': "um so this was a coup d'etat.", 'start': 9087.316, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 9094.782, 'text': "that is the definition of a coup d'etat when you try to capture and prevent elected officials from doing their job.", 'start': 9089.198, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 9096.043, 'text': "that's a huge deal.", 'start': 9094.782, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 9103.289, 'text': 'that had happened before in our country, in states i talk about this in louisiana, in tennessee and places like that after the civil war,', 'start': 9096.043, 'duration': 7.246}, {'end': 9104.67, 'text': 'but it never happened in the capital.', 'start': 9103.289, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 9105.811, 'text': "that's a huge deal.", 'start': 9104.67, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 9107.492, 'text': "that is, if i might say, that's like.", 'start': 9105.811, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'An attempted coup to stop the peaceful transfer of power at the capitol had overwhelming evidence of intending bodily harm to elected officials.', 'duration': 40.947, 'max_score': 9066.545, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9066545.jpg'}, {'end': 9237.218, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9203.555, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9205.856, 'text': 'But what could have, if they caught the vice president.', 'start': 9203.555, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 9207.077, 'text': "They couldn't go on and certify then.", 'start': 9205.896, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 9207.977, 'text': 'He has to be there.', 'start': 9207.377, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 9211.539, 'text': "No, but don't you think that would resolve itself through police action and so on?", 'start': 9207.997, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 9215.602, 'text': 'My question is how much is this individual hooligans?', 'start': 9212.18, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 9221.526, 'text': "And how much of this is a gigantic movement that's challenging the very fabric of our democracy?", 'start': 9216.562, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 9227.851, 'text': "Well, it's not a gigantic movement, but it was a small coup d'etat that could have actually made the transition much more difficult.", 'start': 9221.546, 'duration': 6.305}, {'end': 9230.954, 'text': 'Was there a scenario where Donald Trump stayed in office legitimately? No.', 'start': 9227.871, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 9237.218, 'text': 'But was there a scenario where they created a great deal of chaos that further undermined our democracy? Absolutely, yes.', 'start': 9231.494, 'duration': 5.724}], 'summary': "Small coup d'etat could have made transition more difficult, creating chaos undermining democracy.", 'duration': 33.663, 'max_score': 9203.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9203555.jpg'}, {'end': 9371.463, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9347.828, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9358.039, 'text': "This is the person in the office of the presidency using the power of the presidency to try to stay in office, to imperil people's lives,", 'start': 9347.828, 'duration': 10.211}, {'end': 9361.46, 'text': 'to distort our government on a scale we had not seen before.', 'start': 9358.039, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 9364.02, 'text': 'And these are not opinions of mine.', 'start': 9362.2, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 9365.841, 'text': 'We have the documentary evidence.', 'start': 9364.06, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 9368.082, 'text': 'We have the testimony from people about this.', 'start': 9365.881, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 9371.463, 'text': 'We can differ over what you think of his presidency as a whole.', 'start': 9368.362, 'duration': 3.101}], 'summary': 'President is using power to stay in office, imperiling lives, distorting government.', 'duration': 23.635, 'max_score': 9347.828, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9347828.jpg'}, {'end': 9461.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9421.315, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9425.456, 'text': 'I was troubled by the way the press covered it, that they politicized the crap out of that.', 'start': 9421.315, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 9430.777, 'text': 'And not just the press, but also Congress itself.', 'start': 9426.496, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 9440.34, 'text': "It just seemed like impeachment and all of this, there just seemed to be a kind of circus that wasn't interested in democracy or non-partisanship.", 'start': 9430.838, 'duration': 9.502}, {'end': 9449.457, 'text': "I don't, so it's very difficult for me to see the situation with clear eyes because it's been colored by the press.", 'start': 9441.912, 'duration': 7.545}, {'end': 9451.398, 'text': "It's very difficult for me to know what is even true.", 'start': 9449.697, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 9459.384, 'text': 'Members of Congress, including our members of Congress from our district and others, right? Their lives were threatened.', 'start': 9452.519, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 9461.405, 'text': 'They were traumatized.', 'start': 9460.405, 'duration': 1}], 'summary': 'Press and congress politicized events, leading to a circus; members of congress were threatened and traumatized.', 'duration': 40.09, 'max_score': 9421.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9421315.jpg'}, {'end': 9606.784, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 9490.666, 'weight': 0.84, 'content': [{'end': 9498.413, 'text': "I agree with you that there listen, I'm somebody that believes in this kind of idea of family, especially people I work with, that, to me,", 'start': 9490.666, 'duration': 7.747}, {'end': 9499.814, 'text': 'is a high ideal to protect.', 'start': 9498.413, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 9502.056, 'text': "But that's a little bit different.", 'start': 9500.555, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 9502.957, 'text': "It's his job.", 'start': 9502.396, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 9504.018, 'text': 'Hold on a second.', 'start': 9503.237, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 9506.36, 'text': "That's a little bit different than protecting democracy.", 'start': 9504.058, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 9507.541, 'text': 'Those are two different things.', 'start': 9506.5, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 9511.884, 'text': 'Protecting your employees and protecting democracy is an ideal.', 'start': 9507.861, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 9518.21, 'text': "You could say he didn't protect either, but I think the criticism that he didn't protect the employees is one thing.", 'start': 9512.445, 'duration': 5.765}, {'end': 9521.671, 'text': 'but the employees in this case are the ones carrying out democracy.', 'start': 9518.37, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 9527.051, 'text': "So it's like saying the general who doesn't protect his soldiers is maybe not protecting his employees.", 'start': 9522.091, 'duration': 4.96}, {'end': 9529.292, 'text': 'Those are not protecting the war effort, right?', 'start': 9527.071, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 9530.672, 'text': 'It is his.', 'start': 9529.652, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 9533.573, 'text': "the people we're talking about are the people who are actually doing the work of democracy.", 'start': 9530.672, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 9537.213, 'text': 'at that moment, the most basic function of democracy, which is certifying votes.', 'start': 9533.573, 'duration': 3.64}, {'end': 9539.134, 'text': 'And their lives.', 'start': 9538.233, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 9546.975, 'text': "I'm telling you, I had students one who works for Senator Romney, for example, who spent hours in a closet,", 'start': 9539.134, 'duration': 7.841}, {'end': 9551.664, 'text': 'hearing people outside looking on her phone.', 'start': 9548.103, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 9555.805, 'text': 'when is the president sending people to protect us so we can do our job?', 'start': 9551.664, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 9562.647, 'text': 'And she was not happy with the way the election turned out, but she was there to do her job because she believes in democracy, to serve as the Senate,', 'start': 9555.865, 'duration': 6.782}, {'end': 9563.347, 'text': "in the Senate's role.", 'start': 9562.647, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 9568.489, 'text': 'What should have Donald Trump done without turning him into a different human being? He should have immediately..', 'start': 9563.547, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 9577.888, 'text': 'Just as we were watching things get breached the moment that the members of the House and the Senate had to evacuate their respective chambers,', 'start': 9570.145, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 9586.33, 'text': 'he should have immediately gone on TV and Twitter and every space he could and tell his supporters to leave and say what he never said.', 'start': 9577.888, 'duration': 8.442}, {'end': 9589.111, 'text': "This is un-American what you're doing.", 'start': 9587.411, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 9590.312, 'text': 'This is unacceptable.', 'start': 9589.271, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 9590.972, 'text': 'Never use those words.', 'start': 9590.332, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 9591.832, 'text': 'This is un-American.', 'start': 9590.992, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 9592.693, 'text': 'This is unacceptable.', 'start': 9591.872, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 9593.933, 'text': "I'm completely against this.", 'start': 9592.773, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 9597.516, 'text': 'Anyone storming the Capitol like this, go home now, please.', 'start': 9594.473, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 9599.818, 'text': 'Or you can use his own language, but tell him to leave.', 'start': 9597.876, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 9601.64, 'text': 'Yeah And immediately, as soon as..', 'start': 9599.978, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 9606.784, 'text': 'We know he was watching for hours and we have testimony from his own daughter, from Ivanka,', 'start': 9601.64, 'duration': 5.144}], 'summary': 'Protecting democracy is crucial, trump should have immediately called on his supporters to leave the capitol during the breach.', 'duration': 116.118, 'max_score': 9490.666, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9490666.jpg'}, {'end': 9647.392, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9614.813, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9617.995, 'text': 'All the politicians, he can criticize everyone he wants, but he should have told them to leave.', 'start': 9614.813, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 9624.018, 'text': 'All he has to do in that moment is basic protecting democracy, protecting the Capitol, leave.', 'start': 9618.035, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 9628.62, 'text': 'Tell them to leave and do everything he can to find any kind of force he can give to go protect the Capitol.', 'start': 9624.158, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 9633.483, 'text': 'I wonder how difficult it is to lose a presidential election.', 'start': 9630.701, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 9635.947, 'text': "It's happened so many times.", 'start': 9634.767, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 9636.308, 'text': 'We know.', 'start': 9636.048, 'duration': 0.26}, {'end': 9641.29, 'text': "I understand that, but it's especially when, like what is it?", 'start': 9636.328, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 9647.392, 'text': 'You know, 80 million people vote for you, or, like some, like millions and millions and millions of people vote for you.', 'start': 9641.39, 'duration': 6.002}], 'summary': 'Politician should have told people to leave, protect capitol, and accept election loss.', 'duration': 32.579, 'max_score': 9614.813, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9614813.jpg'}, {'end': 9797.096, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9765.826, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 9769.908, 'text': 'They agree with Republicans on that, but they want more to be done about climate change.', 'start': 9765.826, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 9773.99, 'text': "They're in the middle on these issues, and I think giving them more opportunity.", 'start': 9769.948, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 9780.633, 'text': "So what's the best way to heal our divisions, honestly? Get the old men out and the young women and men in.", 'start': 9774.15, 'duration': 6.483}, {'end': 9784.854, 'text': "Because they ultimately don't have that same division, and they're deeply baked in.", 'start': 9781.233, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 9788.876, 'text': 'Not only that, they find it disgusting in the way you and I do.', 'start': 9785.335, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 9790.557, 'text': "Yeah, that's true.", 'start': 9789.356, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 9797.096, 'text': "What's the right way to have conversations? I mean, just to stay on that with people on the left and the right.", 'start': 9791.095, 'duration': 6.001}], 'summary': 'Call for more action on climate change and inclusion of young women and men to bridge political divisions.', 'duration': 31.27, 'max_score': 9765.826, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9765826.jpg'}, {'end': 10274.785, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10254.15, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 10264.798, 'text': 'They were actually led by a former German prince and they had been planning – to assassinate the Bundeskanzler and were organizing all sorts of other efforts.', 'start': 10254.15, 'duration': 10.648}, {'end': 10269.161, 'text': 'They do not believe that the current German government is legitimate.', 'start': 10264.938, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 10271.543, 'text': 'They think the last legitimate government was the Nazi government.', 'start': 10269.201, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 10273.464, 'text': 'They see the whole post-war period as illegitimate.', 'start': 10271.563, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 10274.785, 'text': "So it's the German far right.", 'start': 10273.644, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': 'Former german prince leads far-right group planning to assassinate bundeskanzler and sees post-war period as illegitimate.', 'duration': 20.635, 'max_score': 10254.15, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA10254150.jpg'}, {'end': 10463.04, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10432.564, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 10438.007, 'text': "Even when we have someone on who's a known Republican or Democrat, we can have a very nonpartisan conversation.", 'start': 10432.564, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 10444.211, 'text': "I mean, of course, we get criticisms, but we're almost never criticized for being partisan one way or the other.", 'start': 10438.027, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 10445.532, 'text': "It's not hard to do this.", 'start': 10444.652, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 10451.175, 'text': 'You just have to make an effort to avoid the partisan claptrap that we can all fall into.', 'start': 10445.572, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 10452.656, 'text': 'Focus on humanity.', 'start': 10451.656, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 10463.04, 'text': "What has your brilliant, popular son, Zachary, taught you about life? Oh, he's taught me so much in his 18 years, as has our daughter who's 20.", 'start': 10453.137, 'duration': 9.903}], 'summary': "Promoting nonpartisan conversations, focusing on humanity, and learning from children's wisdom.", 'duration': 30.476, 'max_score': 10432.564, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA10432564.jpg'}, {'end': 10500.157, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10473.983, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 10478.564, 'text': "I also mean that you realize, when you have a child, that even though you're doing the same things with them,", 'start': 10473.983, 'duration': 4.581}, {'end': 10480.685, 'text': 'they see the world differently and legitimately.', 'start': 10478.564, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 10484.746, 'text': 'And it reminds us that the world can be seen legitimately in different ways.', 'start': 10481.245, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 10491.27, 'text': "And it's not that he and I disagree on major political issues, it's actually the small stuff that he sees differently.", 'start': 10485.706, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 10495.193, 'text': 'Like in the details, you see that you can have very different perspectives.', 'start': 10491.37, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 10500.157, 'text': 'Exactly You have a very different way to draw, to create a painting of the same scene.', 'start': 10495.533, 'duration': 4.624}], 'summary': 'Having a child highlights different perspectives on the same things, even in small details.', 'duration': 26.174, 'max_score': 10473.983, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA10473983.jpg'}, {'end': 10769.052, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10741.315, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 10746.338, 'text': 'I hope you keep writing and I hope to keep talking to you,', 'start': 10741.315, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 10753.683, 'text': "because you're the shining beacon of political hope I have here in Austin that we get to enjoy.", 'start': 10746.338, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 10756.505, 'text': 'I want to thank you for having me on and thank you for your show.', 'start': 10753.703, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 10762.109, 'text': "I think what you're doing is so important and I really deeply respect what you do.", 'start': 10756.665, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 10765.388, 'text': 'Thanks for listening to this conversation with Jeremy Suri.', 'start': 10763.186, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 10769.052, 'text': 'To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 10765.749, 'duration': 3.303}], 'summary': 'Jeremy suri is a shining beacon of political hope in austin, with a deeply respected podcast.', 'duration': 27.737, 'max_score': 10741.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA10741315.jpg'}], 'start': 9049.105, 'title': 'Capitol riot impact', 'summary': "Delves into the significant impact and potential threats posed by the january 6th capitol storming, analyzing the lack of organization among rioters, president trump's intent, politicization of the press and congress, and the need for constructive dialogue to heal national divisions and address global issues.", 'chapters': [{'end': 9107.492, 'start': 9049.105, 'title': 'January 6th capitol storming: big impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the overwhelming evidence of the january 6th storming of the us capitol, highlighting it as a significant coup attempt with the intention to harm or kidnap elected officials, echoing the end of the civil war.', 'duration': 58.387, 'highlights': ['The storming of the US Capitol was a significant coup attempt, with overwhelming evidence indicating an intention to harm or kidnap elected officials, echoing the end of the Civil War.', 'The event stands out as a historical moment, as it had never happened in the capital before, marking it as a huge deal.']}, {'end': 9419.405, 'start': 9107.492, 'title': 'Capitol riot analysis', 'summary': "Explores the potential impact of the capitol riot, highlighting the lack of organization among the rioters, the potential threat to democracy, and the evidence of president trump's intent to stay in office despite the election outcome.", 'duration': 311.913, 'highlights': ["The rioters lacked a clear plan and organization, which diminished their chances of succeeding in their intentions to disrupt the certification of the election. The rioters' lack of a coherent plan and organization reduced their effectiveness, undermining their ability to disrupt the election certification.", 'The potential threat posed by the rioters to the democratic process, specifically the scenario involving the capture of Vice President Pence and its impact on the certification process, is emphasized. The analysis presents the potential threat of the rioters capturing Vice President Pence and the ensuing impact on the certification process, highlighting the potential chaos and disruption to democracy.', "Evidence is presented to suggest President Trump's intent to stay in office despite the election outcome, demonstrated through his actions and rhetoric, raising concerns about his use of presidential power to maintain his position. The transcript highlights evidence indicating President Trump's intent to stay in office, citing his actions and rhetoric as concerning indicators of his use of presidential power to retain his position."]}, {'end': 10228.907, 'start': 9421.315, 'title': 'Press coverage and the capitol riots', 'summary': 'Discusses the politicization of the press and congress, the lack of protection for capitol employees during the riots, and the potential for healing national divisions by engaging younger generations. it also addresses the role of the president in protecting democracy and the need for constructive dialogue between different political viewpoints.', 'duration': 807.592, 'highlights': ['The press and Congress politicized the coverage of the Capitol riots, causing a circus-like atmosphere that lacked non-partisanship and interest in democracy.', 'Capitol employees, including members of Congress, were traumatized, and their lives were threatened during the riots, highlighting the lack of protection provided to them.', 'The potential for healing national divisions lies in engaging younger generations and promoting a more balanced, non-partisan approach to politics.', "The president's failure to immediately intervene and protect the Capitol employees during the riots raises concerns about his commitment to safeguarding democracy and its fundamental functions.", 'Constructive dialogue between individuals with different political viewpoints, especially young people, can help mitigate the impact of partisan divisions and lead to positive, creative action.']}, {'end': 10784.007, 'start': 10228.907, 'title': 'Conversations on global issues', 'summary': 'Highlights the eye-opening conversations on the german far-right, the importance of nonpartisan discussions, and the influence of the arts in understanding history and shaping policy. it also emphasizes the hope for a more conscious and empowered younger generation to address societal challenges.', 'duration': 555.1, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses a recent episode on the German far-right, revealing a significant number of over 20,000 people involved in the Reichsberger group, led by a former German prince planning to assassinate the Bundeskanzler and rejecting the legitimacy of the current German government. over 20,000 people', 'The importance of nonpartisan discussions is emphasized, showing that even with known Republican or Democrat guests, the podcast manages to maintain nonpartisan conversations, fostering a more inclusive and open dialogue. maintaining nonpartisan conversations', 'The influence of the arts in understanding history and shaping policy is highlighted, demonstrating the significance of integrating arts and sciences to gain a more comprehensive understanding of societal issues. integrating arts and sciences', 'The hope for a more conscious and empowered younger generation to address societal challenges is expressed, emphasizing the significant power and platform available to the younger demographic through social media and demographic shifts. empowered younger generation']}], 'duration': 1734.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/GvX-heRWFfA/pics/GvX-heRWFfA9049105.jpg', 'highlights': ['The storming of the US Capitol was a significant coup attempt, with overwhelming evidence indicating an intention to harm or kidnap elected officials, echoing the end of the Civil War.', 'The event stands out as a historical moment, as it had never happened in the capital before, marking it as a huge deal.', "Evidence is presented to suggest President Trump's intent to stay in office despite the election outcome, demonstrated through his actions and rhetoric, raising concerns about his use of presidential power to maintain his position.", 'The potential threat posed by the rioters to the democratic process, specifically the scenario involving the capture of Vice President Pence and its impact on the certification process, is emphasized.', 'The press and Congress politicized the coverage of the Capitol riots, causing a circus-like atmosphere that lacked non-partisanship and interest in democracy.', 'Capitol employees, including members of Congress, were traumatized, and their lives were threatened during the riots, highlighting the lack of protection provided to them.', 'The potential for healing national divisions lies in engaging younger generations and promoting a more balanced, non-partisan approach to politics.', "The president's failure to immediately intervene and protect the Capitol employees during the riots raises concerns about his commitment to safeguarding democracy and its fundamental functions.", 'The chapter discusses a recent episode on the German far-right, revealing a significant number of over 20,000 people involved in the Reichsberger group, led by a former German prince planning to assassinate the Bundeskanzler and rejecting the legitimacy of the current German government.', 'The importance of nonpartisan discussions is emphasized, showing that even with known Republican or Democrat guests, the podcast manages to maintain nonpartisan conversations, fostering a more inclusive and open dialogue.', 'The influence of the arts in understanding history and shaping policy is highlighted, demonstrating the significance of integrating arts and sciences to gain a more comprehensive understanding of societal issues.', 'The hope for a more conscious and empowered younger generation to address societal challenges is expressed, emphasizing the significant power and platform available to the younger demographic through social media and demographic shifts.']}], 'highlights': ["Jeremy Suri's book 'Civil War by Other Means' provides historical insights into America's prolonged fight for democracy.", 'The flaws in institutions hinder innovation and growth, including flaws of exclusion, power dynamics, and embedded myths.', 'The historical perspective on the urge to burn down or work through institutions, with a cautionary note on the drawbacks of burning down institutions.', 'The importance of being an inside outsider and an iconoclast in bringing new ideas to institutions.', 'The potential long-term implications of widespread gun ownership during and after wartime, given historical examples like the aftermath of the Civil War, are highlighted.', "Lincoln's careful stance on the expansion of slavery and deliberate ambiguity about abolitionism during the election, despite personal support for abolition, reflect his pragmatic approach to politics.", 'The challenges of interpreting and enforcing rules regarding incitement to violence, racism, and misinformation.', 'The positive impact of war is seen in the transformation of individuals like Ulysses Grant and opportunities for certain groups, such as African-Americans and former slaves.', 'Importance of understanding history in human interactions, emphasizing the need to comprehend both the positive and negative aspects to gain a comprehensive understanding of human nature.', 'The potential consequences of a Confederate victory include the creation of a separate Southern Republic, expansion into the Caribbean, and implications on the continent.', "The winners write history, but the chapter emphasizes the importance of studying history from different perspectives, acknowledging the losers' narratives, and learning from failures.", 'The storming of the US Capitol was a significant coup attempt, with overwhelming evidence indicating an intention to harm or kidnap elected officials, echoing the end of the Civil War.', 'The event stands out as a historical moment, as it had never happened in the capital before, marking it as a huge deal.', "Evidence is presented to suggest President Trump's intent to stay in office despite the election outcome, demonstrated through his actions and rhetoric, raising concerns about his use of presidential power to maintain his position.", 'The potential threat posed by the rioters to the democratic process, specifically the scenario involving the capture of Vice President Pence and its impact on the certification process, is emphasized.', 'The press and Congress politicized the coverage of the Capitol riots, causing a circus-like atmosphere that lacked non-partisanship and interest in democracy.']}