title
Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #162

description
Jim Keller is a legendary microprocessor engineer, previously at AMD, Apple, Tesla, Intel, and now Tenstorrent. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Brooklinen: https://brooklinen.com and use code LEX to get $25 off + free shipping - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order EPISODE LINKS: Jim's Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimkxa Jim's Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Keller_(engineer) Tenstorrent: https://www.tenstorrent.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:33 - Good design is both science and engineering 7:33 - Javascript 11:40 - RISC vs CISC 15:39 - What makes a great processor? 17:09 - Intel vs ARM 18:58 - Steve Jobs and Apple 21:36 - Elon Musk and Steve Jobs 27:21 - Father 31:03 - Perfection 37:18 - Modular design 42:52 - Moore's law 49:50 - Hardware for deep learning 56:44 - Making neural networks fast at scale 1:04:22 - Andrej Karpathy and Chris Lattner 1:08:36 - How GPUs work 1:12:43 - Tesla Autopilot, NVIDIA, and Mobileye 1:17:23 - Andrej Karpathy and Software 2.0 1:23:43 - Tesla Dojo 1:26:20 - Neural networks will understand physics better than humans 1:28:33 - Re-engineering the human brain 1:33:26 - Infinite fun and the Culture Series by Iain Banks 1:35:20 - Neuralink 1:40:43 - Dreams 1:44:37 - Ideas 1:54:49 - Aliens 1:59:46 - Jordan Peterson 2:04:44 - Viruses 2:07:52 - WallStreetBets and Robinhood 2:15:55 - Advice for young people 2:17:45 - Human condition 2:20:14 - Fear is a cage 2:25:04 - Love 2:31:27 - Regrets SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #162', 'heatmap': [{'end': 6593.516, 'start': 6498.266, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'The conversation with jim keller covers computing, ai, and consciousness, with insights into processor innovations, market success, childhood trauma, future computing, ai integration, software, hardware, psychedelics, and financial market volatility, providing leadership insights and life advice.', 'chapters': [{'end': 72.844, 'segs': [{'end': 72.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.069, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4.51, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Jim Keller, his second time in the podcast.', 'start': 0.069, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 13.572, 'text': 'Jim is a legendary microprocessor architect and is widely seen as one of the greatest engineering minds of the computing age.', 'start': 5.05, 'duration': 8.522}, {'end': 21.733, 'text': 'In a peculiar twist of space-time in our simulation, Jim is also a brother-in-law of Jordan Peterson.', 'start': 14.712, 'duration': 7.021}, {'end': 28.255, 'text': 'We talk about this and about computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life.', 'start': 22.254, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 30.856, 'text': 'Quick mention of our sponsors.', 'start': 29.255, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 39.083, 'text': 'Athletic Greens All-in-One Nutrition Drink, Brooklyn and Sheets, ExpressVPN, and Belcampo Grass-Fed Meat.', 'start': 31.317, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 43.047, 'text': 'Click the sponsor links to get a discount and to support this podcast.', 'start': 39.684, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 49.374, 'text': 'As a side note, let me say that Jim is someone who, on a personal level, inspired me to be myself.', 'start': 43.991, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 58.458, 'text': "There was something in his words on and off the mic, or perhaps that he even paid attention to me at all, that almost told me, you're all right, kid.", 'start': 50.234, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 67.282, 'text': 'A kind of pat on the back that can make the difference between a mind that flourishes and a mind that is broken down by the cynicism of the world.', 'start': 59.218, 'duration': 8.064}, {'end': 72.844, 'text': "So I guess that's just my brief few words of thank you to Jim and, in general,", 'start': 68.203, 'duration': 4.641}], 'summary': 'Conversation with legendary microprocessor architect jim keller discussing computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life.', 'duration': 72.775, 'max_score': 0.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ469.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'A conversation with jim keller', 'summary': 'Features a conversation with jim keller, a legendary microprocessor architect, covering topics such as computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life, with a quick mention of sponsors and a personal note expressing gratitude to jim for his inspiration.', 'chapters': [{'end': 72.844, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Conversation with jim keller', 'summary': 'Features a conversation with jim keller, a legendary microprocessor architect, covering topics such as computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life, with a quick mention of sponsors and a personal note expressing gratitude to jim for his inspiration.', 'duration': 72.775, 'highlights': ['Jim Keller is a legendary microprocessor architect, widely seen as one of the greatest engineering minds of the computing age.', 'The conversation covers topics such as computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life.', 'A quick mention of sponsors including Athletic Greens All-in-One Nutrition Drink, Brooklyn and Sheets, ExpressVPN, and Belcampo Grass-Fed Meat is made.', 'A personal note expresses gratitude to Jim for inspiring the speaker to be themselves.']}], 'duration': 72.775, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ469.jpg', 'highlights': ['Jim Keller is a legendary microprocessor architect, widely seen as one of the greatest engineering minds of the computing age.', 'The conversation covers topics such as computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life.', 'A quick mention of sponsors including Athletic Greens All-in-One Nutrition Drink, Brooklyn and Sheets, ExpressVPN, and Belcampo Grass-Fed Meat is made.', 'A personal note expresses gratitude to Jim for inspiring the speaker to be themselves.']}, {'end': 1606.216, 'segs': [{'end': 127.749, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 97.079, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 102.463, 'text': 'this dichotomy in building good software or hardware systems?', 'start': 97.079, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 105.205, 'text': 'Well, good design is both.', 'start': 103.423, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 107.706, 'text': "I guess that's pretty obvious.", 'start': 106.465, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 112.65, 'text': 'But engineering, do you mean reduction of practice of known methods?', 'start': 108.707, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 119.535, 'text': "And then science is the pursuit of discovering things that people don't understand or solving unknown problems.", 'start': 113.33, 'duration': 6.205}, {'end': 127.749, 'text': 'definitions are interesting here, but I was thinking more in theory, constructing models that kind of generalize about how things work.', 'start': 120.504, 'duration': 7.245}], 'summary': 'Good design is both engineering and science, with engineering involving known methods and science pursuing discoveries and solving unknown problems.', 'duration': 30.67, 'max_score': 97.079, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ497079.jpg'}, {'end': 251.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 206.427, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 207.107, 'text': 'It was a lot better.', 'start': 206.427, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 209.395, 'text': 'And he published a paper on it.', 'start': 208.274, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 211.736, 'text': 'And every computer in the world now uses it.', 'start': 209.795, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 214.057, 'text': 'And it was one idea.', 'start': 212.896, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 221.62, 'text': 'So the engineers who build branch prediction hardware were happy to drop the one kind of training array and put it in another one.', 'start': 214.637, 'duration': 6.983}, {'end': 224.182, 'text': 'So it was a real idea.', 'start': 222.441, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 232.005, 'text': 'And branch prediction is one of the key problems underlying all of sort of the lowest level of software.', 'start': 224.202, 'duration': 7.803}, {'end': 233.426, 'text': 'It boils down to branch prediction.', 'start': 232.025, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 234.817, 'text': 'boils down to uncertainty.', 'start': 233.817, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 238.058, 'text': 'Computers are limited by, you know, single-thread computers are limited by two things.', 'start': 234.877, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 243.899, 'text': 'The predictability of the path of the branches and the predictability of the locality of data.', 'start': 238.638, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 248.24, 'text': 'So we have predictors that now predict both of those pretty well.', 'start': 245.36, 'duration': 2.88}, {'end': 251.661, 'text': 'So memory is, you know, a couple hundred cycles away.', 'start': 249.221, 'duration': 2.44}], 'summary': 'One idea improved branch prediction for all computers worldwide.', 'duration': 45.234, 'max_score': 206.427, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4206427.jpg'}, {'end': 420.426, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 390.421, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 395.042, 'text': "So you're talking about the craftsman, the person who understands bricks, who loves bricks, who loves the variety.", 'start': 390.421, 'duration': 4.621}, {'end': 395.682, 'text': "That's a good word.", 'start': 395.082, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 398.343, 'text': 'Good engineering is great craftsmanship.', 'start': 396.563, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 409.607, 'text': 'And when you start thinking engineering is about invention and set up a system that rewards invention, the craftsmanship gets neglected.', 'start': 399.664, 'duration': 9.943}, {'end': 420.426, 'text': 'Okay, so maybe one perspective is the theory that science overemphasizes invention and engineering emphasizes craftsmanship,', 'start': 410.723, 'duration': 9.703}], 'summary': 'Craftsmanship is neglected when engineering overemphasizes invention, as theory suggests.', 'duration': 30.005, 'max_score': 390.421, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4390421.jpg'}, {'end': 468.648, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 432.45, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 435.231, 'text': 'But the number of innovative ideas is actually relatively low.', 'start': 432.45, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 439.21, 'text': 'We need them, right? And innovation creates a whole new opportunity.', 'start': 435.967, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 444.975, 'text': 'Like when some guy invented the internet, right? Like that was a big thing.', 'start': 439.79, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 450.419, 'text': 'The million people that wrote software against that were mostly doing engineering software writing.', 'start': 445.896, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 453.242, 'text': 'So the elaboration of that idea was huge.', 'start': 450.439, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 457.563, 'text': "I don't know if you know Brendan Eich, he wrote JavaScript in 10 days.", 'start': 454.301, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 459.483, 'text': "That's an interesting story.", 'start': 458.203, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 468.648, 'text': 'It makes me wonder, and it was famously for many years considered to be a pretty crappy programming language, still is perhaps.', 'start': 459.543, 'duration': 9.105}], 'summary': 'Innovation leads to new opportunities, like when the internet was invented, and javascript was written in 10 days.', 'duration': 36.198, 'max_score': 432.45, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4432450.jpg'}, {'end': 620.895, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 571.623, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 573.744, 'text': 'But the right time, like you have to sense.', 'start': 571.623, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 582.432, 'text': 'you have to have a good instinct of when is the right time for the right tool and make it super simple and just get it out there.', 'start': 573.744, 'duration': 8.688}, {'end': 590.098, 'text': "The problem is, this is true with hardware, this is less true with software, is there's backward compatibility that just drags behind you.", 'start': 582.752, 'duration': 7.346}, {'end': 593.76, 'text': 'as you try to fix all the mistakes of the past.', 'start': 591.799, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 597.442, 'text': "But the timing, there's something about that.", 'start': 593.82, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 598.443, 'text': "And it wasn't accidental.", 'start': 597.462, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 610.428, 'text': "You have to give yourself over to the, you have to have this broad sense of what's needed now, both scientifically and the community.", 'start': 598.823, 'duration': 11.605}, {'end': 615.751, 'text': 'It was obvious that there was no.', 'start': 611.349, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 620.895, 'text': 'the interesting thing about JavaScript is everything that ran in the browser at the time.', 'start': 615.751, 'duration': 5.144}], 'summary': 'Timing and instinct crucial for launching tools, balancing hardware and software challenges.', 'duration': 49.272, 'max_score': 571.623, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4571623.jpg'}, {'end': 743.558, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 694.112, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 698.518, 'text': 'x86 is arguably the worst architecture on the planet.', 'start': 694.112, 'duration': 4.406}, {'end': 699.92, 'text': "It's one of the most popular ones.", 'start': 698.618, 'duration': 1.302}, {'end': 703.434, 'text': "Well, I mean, isn't that also the story of risk versus risk?", 'start': 700.452, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 705.656, 'text': 'I mean, is that simplicity?', 'start': 703.755, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 712.922, 'text': "There's something about simplicity that us, in this evolutionary process, is valued.", 'start': 706.217, 'duration': 6.705}, {'end': 718.027, 'text': "If it's simple, it spreads faster, it seems like.", 'start': 713.563, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 720.689, 'text': "Or is that not always true? That's not always true.", 'start': 718.847, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 723.71, 'text': 'It could be simple as good, but too simple as bad.', 'start': 721.529, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 730.573, 'text': 'So why did RISC win, you think, so far? Did RISC win? In the long arc of history.', 'start': 724.25, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 731.133, 'text': "We don't know.", 'start': 730.593, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 732.474, 'text': "So who's going to win?", 'start': 731.413, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 737.176, 'text': "What's RISC, what's CISC and who's going to win in that space in these instruction sets?", 'start': 732.734, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 743.558, 'text': "AI software's going to win, but there'll be little computers that run little programs like normal all over the place.", 'start': 737.636, 'duration': 5.922}], 'summary': 'X86 vs risc: debate on simplicity, speed, and the future of instruction sets and ai software.', 'duration': 49.446, 'max_score': 694.112, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4694112.jpg'}, {'end': 790.046, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 763.4, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 771.19, 'text': 'And then the usability of it is some, you know, quality of design, quality of tools, availability.', 'start': 763.4, 'duration': 7.79}, {'end': 778.697, 'text': 'Like right now, x86 is proprietary with Intel and AMD, but they can change it any way they want independently.', 'start': 772.131, 'duration': 6.566}, {'end': 783.221, 'text': "ARM is proprietary to ARM, and they won't let anybody else change it.", 'start': 779.858, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 784.982, 'text': "So it's like a sole point.", 'start': 783.701, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 790.046, 'text': 'And RISC-V is open source, so anybody can change it, which is super cool.', 'start': 785.743, 'duration': 4.303}], 'summary': 'Risc-v is open source, allowing anyone to change it, unlike proprietary x86 and arm.', 'duration': 26.646, 'max_score': 763.4, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4763400.jpg'}, {'end': 913.73, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 888.292, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 893.175, 'text': 'And then, at the time when the Japanese manufacturers came up,', 'start': 888.292, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 899.8, 'text': 'they were getting out-competed on that and they pivoted the microprocessors and they made the first integrated microprocessor programs.', 'start': 893.175, 'duration': 6.625}, {'end': 903.522, 'text': 'It was the 4004 or something.', 'start': 899.96, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 905.764, 'text': "Who was behind that pivot? That's a hell of a pivot.", 'start': 903.843, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 906.384, 'text': 'Andy Grove.', 'start': 905.924, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 907.485, 'text': 'And he was great.', 'start': 906.905, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 910.087, 'text': "That's a hell of a pivot.", 'start': 908.746, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 913.73, 'text': 'Then they led semiconductor industry.', 'start': 910.367, 'duration': 3.363}], 'summary': 'Japanese manufacturers out-competed, andy grove pivoted to microprocessors, leading semiconductor industry.', 'duration': 25.438, 'max_score': 888.292, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4888292.jpg'}, {'end': 989.942, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 962.014, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 964.477, 'text': 'The fastest one wins.', 'start': 962.014, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 965.278, 'text': "You don't care how.", 'start': 964.677, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 968.521, 'text': 'Yeah As long as it works.', 'start': 965.298, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 971.384, 'text': "Well, there's the fastest in the environment.", 'start': 968.541, 'duration': 2.843}, {'end': 974.567, 'text': 'For years, you made the fastest one you could, and then people started to have power limits.', 'start': 971.404, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 977.05, 'text': 'So then you made the fastest at the right power point.', 'start': 974.967, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 984.397, 'text': 'And then, when we started doing multiprocessors, if you could scale your processors more than the other guy,', 'start': 977.69, 'duration': 6.707}, {'end': 987.96, 'text': 'you could be 10% faster on a single thread, but you have more threads.', 'start': 984.397, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 989.942, 'text': "So there's lots of variability.", 'start': 988.481, 'duration': 1.461}], 'summary': 'In technology, speed matters, adapting to power limits and scaling processors is crucial.', 'duration': 27.928, 'max_score': 962.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ4962014.jpg'}, {'end': 1114.162, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1070.862, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 1074.223, 'text': 'So they had very little say in how the customer implemented their IP.', 'start': 1070.862, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 1078.804, 'text': 'So ARM is super friendly to the synthesis IP environment.', 'start': 1075.003, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 1085.428, 'text': "Whereas Intel said we're going to make this great client chip, server chip, with our own CAD tools, with our own process,", 'start': 1079.424, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 1089.691, 'text': 'with our own other supporting IP, and everything only works with our stuff.', 'start': 1085.428, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 1102.793, 'text': "So is ARM winning the mobile platform space in terms of processing? And so what you're describing is why they're winning.", 'start': 1091.365, 'duration': 11.428}, {'end': 1105.836, 'text': 'Well, they had lots of people doing lots of different experiments.', 'start': 1102.853, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 1111.6, 'text': 'So they controlled the processor architecture and IP, but they let people put in lots of different chips.', 'start': 1106.416, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 1114.162, 'text': 'And there was a lot of variability in what happened there.', 'start': 1112.06, 'duration': 2.102}], 'summary': "Arm's friendly approach to ip implementation and processor architecture has contributed to its success in the mobile platform space.", 'duration': 43.3, 'max_score': 1070.862, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41070862.jpg'}, {'end': 1240.814, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1213.695, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 1220.218, 'text': 'But I worked for Mike Colbert who talked to, Mike was the unofficial CTO of Apple and a brilliant guy.', 'start': 1213.695, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 1222.699, 'text': 'And he worked for Steve for 25 years, maybe more.', 'start': 1220.318, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 1225.26, 'text': 'And he talked to Steve multiple times a day.', 'start': 1223.559, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 1230.824, 'text': "And he was one of the people who could put up with Steve's, let's say, brilliance and intensity.", 'start': 1226.8, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 1233.547, 'text': 'And Steve really liked him.', 'start': 1231.905, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 1240.814, 'text': 'And Steve trusted Mike to translate the shit he thought up into engineering products that worked.', 'start': 1233.567, 'duration': 7.247}], 'summary': 'Mike colbert, unofficial cto of apple, worked with steve for 25 years, talked to him multiple times a day, and translated his ideas into engineering products.', 'duration': 27.119, 'max_score': 1213.695, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41213695.jpg'}, {'end': 1285.714, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1254.906, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 1257.209, 'text': 'And then he would say, Steve wants us to do this.', 'start': 1254.906, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 1261.412, 'text': "Was Steve a good engineer or no? I don't know.", 'start': 1258.35, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 1267.559, 'text': "he was a great idea guy, idea person, and he's a really good selector for talent.", 'start': 1262.373, 'duration': 5.186}, {'end': 1270.782, 'text': 'yeah, that seems to be one of the key elements of leadership, right.', 'start': 1267.559, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 1273.985, 'text': 'and then he was a really good first principles guy, like, like somebody,', 'start': 1270.782, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 1279.991, 'text': "say something couldn't be done and he would just think that's obviously wrong, right?", 'start': 1273.985, 'duration': 6.006}, {'end': 1285.714, 'text': "But you know, maybe it's hard to do, maybe it's expensive to do, maybe we need different people.", 'start': 1280.311, 'duration': 5.403}], 'summary': 'Steve was a great idea person and talent selector, with a focus on first principles.', 'duration': 30.808, 'max_score': 1254.906, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41254906.jpg'}, {'end': 1514.833, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1485.054, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 1494.481, 'text': "So there's a graph, which is y-axis productivity, x-axis at zero is chaos, and infinity is complete order.", 'start': 1485.054, 'duration': 9.427}, {'end': 1503.347, 'text': 'So as you go from the origin, as you improve order, you improve productivity.', 'start': 1496.342, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 1507.51, 'text': 'And at some point, productivity peaks, and then it goes back down again.', 'start': 1504.187, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 1509.531, 'text': 'Too much order, nothing can happen.', 'start': 1508.35, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 1514.833, 'text': "Yes But the question is, how close to the chaos is that? No, here's the thing.", 'start': 1509.771, 'duration': 5.062}], 'summary': 'Productivity peaks with improved order, but declines with excessive order.', 'duration': 29.779, 'max_score': 1485.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41485054.jpg'}], 'start': 72.844, 'title': 'Innovations in computer design and leadership', 'summary': 'Discusses the value of theory and engineering, the balance between engineering and invention, the evolution of instruction sets, processor innovations, and leadership insights, including the impact on market success and organizational productivity.', 'chapters': [{'end': 273.739, 'start': 72.844, 'title': 'Theory vs. engineering in computer design', 'summary': 'Discusses the value of theory and engineering in computer design, emphasizing the importance of innovative ideas in solving complex problems, such as branch prediction, which significantly impacts computer performance.', 'duration': 200.895, 'highlights': ['Branch prediction is a key problem underlying the lowest level of software, and a single innovative idea in this space can have a significant impact across all computers worldwide. An innovative idea in branch prediction significantly improved computer performance and is now universally adopted, demonstrating the profound impact of innovative ideas in computer design.', 'Computers are limited by the predictability of branch paths and data locality, and predictors have significantly improved in predicting both, enhancing the performance of computer systems. The predictability of branch paths and data locality significantly impacts computer performance, and advancements in predictors have led to substantial improvements in computer system efficiency.', 'The dichotomy between theory and engineering is essential in building good software or hardware systems, where good design encompasses both theory and engineering practices. The discussion highlights the importance of integrating theory and engineering in building high-quality software or hardware systems, emphasizing the need for a balance between theoretical models and practical implementation.']}, {'end': 671.154, 'start': 273.799, 'title': 'Engineering vs invention: craftsmanship in innovation', 'summary': 'Discusses the balance between engineering and invention, the importance of craftsmanship in innovation, the impact of innovative ideas in software development, and the significance of timing in the release of software.', 'duration': 397.355, 'highlights': ['Good engineering is great craftsmanship, emphasizing the importance of craftsmanship in engineering. The speaker emphasizes the importance of craftsmanship in engineering and highlights the value of understanding and loving the craft, comparing it to building a house with great bricks.', 'The impact of innovative ideas is relatively low, with the majority of software development being engineering software writing. The speaker mentions that the number of innovative ideas is relatively low and emphasizes that the majority of software development involves engineering software writing.', "The discussion on the significance of timing in software release, highlighting the need to sense the right time for the right tool. The speaker discusses the importance of timing in software release, emphasizing the need to sense the right time for the right tool and make it super simple to meet the community's needs.", "The unique approach of JavaScript's implementation in web development, emphasizing its simplicity and accessibility, and its impact on developers' innovation. The speaker highlights the unique approach of JavaScript's implementation in web development, emphasizing its simplicity and accessibility, and its impact on developers' innovation."]}, {'end': 913.73, 'start': 671.414, 'title': 'Evolution of instruction sets', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of instruction sets, including the dominance of x86 and risc, the impact of simplicity, and the open vs. closed source debate in the context of software and hardware development.', 'duration': 242.316, 'highlights': ["x86's dominance despite its drawbacks and the value of simplicity in spreading technology. x86 is cited as a popular yet arguably the worst architecture, emphasizing the prevalence of simplicity in technology adoption.", 'The debate over RISC versus CISC and the uncertainty of the long-term winner in the instruction set space. The chapter delves into the uncertainty surrounding the eventual winner between RISC and CISC, reflecting the ongoing debate in the instruction set space.', 'The impact of open source and proprietary architectures on the evolution of instruction sets. The discussion of open source RISC-V versus proprietary x86 and ARM architectures highlights the influence of open versus closed systems on the evolution of instruction sets.', "Intel's success in the processor market attributed to process development and strategic pivots. The success of Intel in the processor market is attributed to strong process development and strategic pivots, exemplified by Andy Grove's pivotal role in leading the semiconductor industry."]}, {'end': 1190.837, 'start': 914.351, 'title': 'Processor innovations and market dynamics', 'summary': "Discusses the evolution of processor designs, highlighting the competition between intel and arm, the focus on raw performance, and the impact of approach on market success, with arm's flexibility leading to their dominance in the mobile platform space.", 'duration': 276.486, 'highlights': ["The competition between Intel and ARM in processor designs and their different approaches, with Intel focusing on custom high-end designs while ARM offers a versatile family of processors, is explored. ARM's flexibility in providing a full palette of CPUs for different design points has contributed to its success in the mobile platform space.", 'The emphasis on raw performance in processor design is highlighted, with the fastest processor being the key determinant of success, leading to the evolution of processor designs to meet power limits and scalability requirements for multiprocessors.', "The impact of approach on market success is discussed, with ARM's friendly approach to customer implementation and experimentation leading to their dominance in the mobile platform space, while Intel's more insular and traditional mindset hindered its success in the mobile and embedded world."]}, {'end': 1606.216, 'start': 1190.877, 'title': 'Steve jobs: leadership insights', 'summary': 'Highlights the interaction between steve jobs and his colleagues, emphasizing his leadership style, engineering intuition, and the balance between chaos and order in organizational productivity.', 'duration': 415.339, 'highlights': ["Steve Jobs' interaction with colleagues and leadership style The transcript emphasizes Steve Jobs' leadership style and his interaction with colleagues, highlighting his friendly demeanor and the trust he placed in brilliant individuals like Mike Colbert, the unofficial CTO of Apple.", "Steve Jobs' engineering intuition and idea generation The discussion delves into Steve Jobs' engineering intuition, his role as an 'idea person,' and his talent for identifying and selecting skilled individuals, showcasing his unique leadership approach.", 'Balancing chaos and order in organizational productivity The conversation explores the concept of balancing chaos and order in organizational productivity, emphasizing the relationship between increasing order, productivity, and the inevitability of bureaucracy capturing the organization.']}], 'duration': 1533.372, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ472844.jpg', 'highlights': ['An innovative idea in branch prediction significantly improved computer performance and is now universally adopted, demonstrating the profound impact of innovative ideas in computer design.', 'Advancements in predictors have led to substantial improvements in computer system efficiency by enhancing the predictability of branch paths and data locality.', 'The discussion highlights the importance of integrating theory and engineering in building high-quality software or hardware systems, emphasizing the need for a balance between theoretical models and practical implementation.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of craftsmanship in engineering and highlights the value of understanding and loving the craft, comparing it to building a house with great bricks.', 'The speaker mentions that the number of innovative ideas is relatively low and emphasizes that the majority of software development involves engineering software writing.', "The speaker discusses the importance of timing in software release, emphasizing the need to sense the right time for the right tool and make it super simple to meet the community's needs.", "The speaker highlights the unique approach of JavaScript's implementation in web development, emphasizing its simplicity and accessibility, and its impact on developers' innovation.", 'x86 is cited as a popular yet arguably the worst architecture, emphasizing the prevalence of simplicity in technology adoption.', 'The chapter delves into the uncertainty surrounding the eventual winner between RISC and CISC, reflecting the ongoing debate in the instruction set space.', 'The discussion of open source RISC-V versus proprietary x86 and ARM architectures highlights the influence of open versus closed systems on the evolution of instruction sets.', "The success of Intel in the processor market is attributed to strong process development and strategic pivots, exemplified by Andy Grove's pivotal role in leading the semiconductor industry.", "ARM's flexibility in providing a full palette of CPUs for different design points has contributed to its success in the mobile platform space.", 'The fastest processor being the key determinant of success, leading to the evolution of processor designs to meet power limits and scalability requirements for multiprocessors.', "ARM's friendly approach to customer implementation and experimentation leading to their dominance in the mobile platform space, while Intel's more insular and traditional mindset hindered its success in the mobile and embedded world.", "The transcript emphasizes Steve Jobs' leadership style and his interaction with colleagues, highlighting his friendly demeanor and the trust he placed in brilliant individuals like Mike Colbert, the unofficial CTO of Apple.", "The discussion delves into Steve Jobs' engineering intuition, his role as an 'idea person,' and his talent for identifying and selecting skilled individuals, showcasing his unique leadership approach.", 'The conversation explores the concept of balancing chaos and order in organizational productivity, emphasizing the relationship between increasing order, productivity, and the inevitability of bureaucracy capturing the organization.']}, {'end': 2237.803, 'segs': [{'end': 1648.859, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1606.556, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1608.837, 'text': "Now I tell them what a great job they're doing while they're doing it.", 'start': 1606.556, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1613.239, 'text': "But then you get stuck in that trap, because then, when you're not doing something, how do you confront these people?", 'start': 1609.377, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 1618.695, 'text': 'I think a lot of people that had trauma in their childhood would disagree with you, successful people,', 'start': 1614.233, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 1621.537, 'text': 'that you need to first do the rough stuff and then be nice later.', 'start': 1618.695, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 1622.717, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 1622.337, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 1627.4, 'text': 'Okay, but engineering companies are full of adults who had all kinds of range of childhoods.', 'start': 1623.078, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 1630.501, 'text': 'Most people had okay childhoods.', 'start': 1627.42, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 1632.702, 'text': "Well, I don't know if..", 'start': 1631.402, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 1635.244, 'text': 'And lots of people only work for praise, which is weird.', 'start': 1632.702, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 1636.484, 'text': 'You mean like everybody.', 'start': 1635.704, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 1641.147, 'text': "I'm not that interested in it, but..", 'start': 1638.665, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1643.688, 'text': "Well, you're probably looking for somebody's approval.", 'start': 1641.147, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 1646.718, 'text': 'Even still.', 'start': 1646.138, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 1647.799, 'text': 'Yeah, maybe.', 'start': 1647.379, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 1648.859, 'text': 'I should think about that.', 'start': 1648.159, 'duration': 0.7}], 'summary': 'Debating the impact of praising during work and childhood trauma on successful people and engineering companies.', 'duration': 42.303, 'max_score': 1606.556, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41606556.jpg'}, {'end': 1762.825, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1732.484, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1733.705, 'text': 'And I said, you should meet my dad.', 'start': 1732.484, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1738.768, 'text': "Like when I was a kid, he'd come home and say, I was driving by this bridge and I was thinking about it.", 'start': 1734.926, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 1740.89, 'text': "And he pulled out a piece of paper and he'd draw the whole bridge.", 'start': 1738.788, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 1742.651, 'text': 'He was a mechanical engineer.', 'start': 1741.51, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1744.972, 'text': 'And he would just draw the whole thing.', 'start': 1743.652, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 1747.734, 'text': 'And then he would tell me about it and tell me how he would have changed it.', 'start': 1745.012, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 1752.758, 'text': 'And he had this idea that he could understand and conceive anything.', 'start': 1748.735, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 1754.759, 'text': 'And I just grew up with that.', 'start': 1753.438, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 1755.62, 'text': 'So that was natural.', 'start': 1754.779, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 1762.825, 'text': "When I interview people, I ask them to draw a picture of something they did on a whiteboard, and it's really interesting.", 'start': 1757.241, 'duration': 5.584}], 'summary': "Influenced by father's engineering skills, now uses drawing to assess interviewees.", 'duration': 30.341, 'max_score': 1732.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41732484.jpg'}, {'end': 1899.235, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1874.894, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1882.417, 'text': "Yeah, you know creative tension, right? So creative tension is you have two different ideas that you can't do both.", 'start': 1874.894, 'duration': 7.523}, {'end': 1889.751, 'text': 'But the fact that you want to do both causes you to go try to solve that problem.', 'start': 1885.229, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 1890.931, 'text': "That's the creative part.", 'start': 1889.951, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 1899.235, 'text': "So if you're building computers, like some people say we have the schedule and anything that doesn't fit in the schedule we can't do.", 'start': 1892.092, 'duration': 7.143}], 'summary': 'Creative tension drives problem solving and innovation in computer building.', 'duration': 24.341, 'max_score': 1874.894, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41874894.jpg'}, {'end': 2148.509, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2118.659, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2126.982, 'text': "Because almost every time I've done something really new, by the time it's done, like the good parts are good, but I know all the flaws.", 'start': 2118.659, 'duration': 8.323}, {'end': 2131.547, 'text': 'Yeah, Would you say your career just your own experience?', 'start': 2127.623, 'duration': 3.924}, {'end': 2134.872, 'text': 'is your career defined mostly by flaws or by successes??', 'start': 2131.547, 'duration': 3.325}, {'end': 2137.355, 'text': "Again, there's great tension between those.", 'start': 2135.913, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 2148.509, 'text': "If you haven't tried hard and done something new, then you're not going to be facing the challenges.", 'start': 2138.036, 'duration': 10.473}], 'summary': 'Career success involves facing challenges and overcoming flaws.', 'duration': 29.85, 'max_score': 2118.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ42118659.jpg'}], 'start': 1606.556, 'title': 'Balancing recognition and confrontation', 'summary': 'Discusses balancing praise and confrontation in managing people and the impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior, along with the prevalence of praise-driven motivation in the workplace.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1648.859, 'start': 1606.556, 'title': 'Balancing recognition and confrontation', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenge of balancing praise and confrontation in managing people, highlighting the impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior and the prevalence of praise-driven motivation in the workplace.', 'duration': 42.303, 'highlights': ["The challenge of balancing praise and confrontation in managing people, influenced by individuals' childhood trauma, is discussed.", 'The prevalence of praise-driven motivation in the workplace, particularly in engineering companies, is highlighted.', 'The impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior and its potential disagreement with the notion of prioritizing confrontation before kindness is mentioned.']}, {'end': 2237.803, 'start': 1649.54, 'title': "Finding inspiration in father's legacy", 'summary': "Discusses the impact of the speaker's father, an engineer, his battle with parkinson's and cancer, and the influence on the speaker's approach to craftsmanship, creativity, and problem-solving in computer engineering.", 'duration': 588.263, 'highlights': ["The speaker shares fond memories of his father's engineering prowess and influence, highlighting his father's ability to visualize and conceive complex designs, impacting the speaker's approach to interviewing and hiring craftsmen in computer engineering.", 'The speaker compares the tension between pursuing perfection and meeting deadlines in computer engineering, emphasizing the importance of creativity in problem-solving while acknowledging the need for execution and practicality.', "The chapter delves into the speaker's reflection on career experiences, highlighting the necessity of embracing flaws and challenges in pursuing innovation in computer engineering, leading to valuable learning and growth."]}], 'duration': 631.247, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ41606556.jpg', 'highlights': ['The impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior and its potential disagreement with the notion of prioritizing confrontation before kindness is mentioned.', "The challenge of balancing praise and confrontation in managing people, influenced by individuals' childhood trauma, is discussed.", 'The prevalence of praise-driven motivation in the workplace, particularly in engineering companies, is highlighted.', 'The speaker compares the tension between pursuing perfection and meeting deadlines in computer engineering, emphasizing the importance of creativity in problem-solving while acknowledging the need for execution and practicality.', "The chapter delves into the speaker's reflection on career experiences, highlighting the necessity of embracing flaws and challenges in pursuing innovation in computer engineering, leading to valuable learning and growth.", "The speaker shares fond memories of his father's engineering prowess and influence, highlighting his father's ability to visualize and conceive complex designs, impacting the speaker's approach to interviewing and hiring craftsmen in computer engineering."]}, {'end': 3286.578, 'segs': [{'end': 2344.917, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2296.397, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2299.299, 'text': 'And the innovation was when they really got that right.', 'start': 2296.397, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 2302.462, 'text': "Because networks before that didn't define those very well.", 'start': 2299.319, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 2305.564, 'text': 'The layers could innovate independently.', 'start': 2302.942, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 2310.068, 'text': 'And occasionally, the layer boundary, the interface would be upgraded.', 'start': 2306.265, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 2314.425, 'text': 'And that let the design space breathe.', 'start': 2311.004, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 2319.828, 'text': 'You could do something new in layer seven without having to worry about how layer four worked.', 'start': 2315.706, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 2322.909, 'text': 'And so good design does that.', 'start': 2320.748, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 2324.43, 'text': 'And you see it in processor designs.', 'start': 2322.989, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 2331.033, 'text': 'When we did the Zen design at AMD, we made several components very modular.', 'start': 2325.21, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 2338.376, 'text': 'And my insistence at the top was I wanted all the interfaces defined before we wrote the RTL for the pieces.', 'start': 2332.073, 'duration': 6.303}, {'end': 2344.917, 'text': 'One of the verification leads said if we do this right, I can test the pieces so well independently.', 'start': 2339.369, 'duration': 5.548}], 'summary': 'Innovation in network design allowed independent layer upgrades, enabling modular processor designs.', 'duration': 48.52, 'max_score': 2296.397, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ42296397.jpg'}, {'end': 2599.479, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2576.863, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2585.328, 'text': "At the broad view of Moore's law, where it's just exponential improvement of computing capability.", 'start': 2576.863, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 2588.35, 'text': 'like OpenAI, for example, recently published,', 'start': 2585.328, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 2596.257, 'text': 'this kind of paper is looking at the exponential improvement in the training efficiency of neural networks.', 'start': 2588.35, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 2598.598, 'text': 'For like ImageNet and all that kind of stuff.', 'start': 2597.018, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 2599.479, 'text': 'we just got better on.', 'start': 2598.598, 'duration': 0.881}], 'summary': "Moore's law shows exponential improvement in computing capability, as seen in openai's paper on training efficiency of neural networks.", 'duration': 22.616, 'max_score': 2576.863, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ42576863.jpg'}, {'end': 2849.497, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2821.843, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2825.244, 'text': "And as long as there's dollar value there, like scaling costs lots of money.", 'start': 2821.843, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 2830.246, 'text': 'But Google showed, Facebook showed, everybody showed that the scale was where the money was at.', 'start': 2825.965, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 2833.708, 'text': 'So it was worth it financially.', 'start': 2831.687, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2843.573, 'text': 'Do you think, is it possible that like basically the entirety of Earth will be like a computing surface? Like this table will be doing computing.', 'start': 2833.728, 'duration': 9.845}, {'end': 2846.035, 'text': 'This hedgehog will be doing computing.', 'start': 2844.434, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2849.497, 'text': 'Like everything really inefficient, dumb computing will be levered.', 'start': 2846.075, 'duration': 3.422}], 'summary': 'Scaling costs money, but scale brings financial worth. earth could become a computing surface.', 'duration': 27.654, 'max_score': 2821.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ42821843.jpg'}, {'end': 3264.67, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3241.699, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3249.023, 'text': 'Then at a higher level, you take this graph and you say this part of the graph is a matrix multiplier which runs on these 32 threads.', 'start': 3241.699, 'duration': 7.324}, {'end': 3257.016, 'text': 'But the model at the bottom was built for running programs on pixels, not executing graphs.', 'start': 3249.863, 'duration': 7.153}, {'end': 3258.939, 'text': "So it's emulation, ultimately.", 'start': 3257.036, 'duration': 1.903}, {'end': 3263.227, 'text': 'Yes So is it possible to build something that natively runs graphs? Yes.', 'start': 3258.959, 'duration': 4.268}, {'end': 3264.67, 'text': "So that's what TenStorm did.", 'start': 3263.628, 'duration': 1.042}], 'summary': 'Tenstorm built a system to natively run graphs, overcoming the emulation challenge.', 'duration': 22.971, 'max_score': 3241.699, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43241699.jpg'}], 'start': 2238.664, 'title': 'Future of computing', 'summary': 'Explores the exponential improvement in computing capability, the potential future of earth as a computing surface, and the shift towards graph-based processing for efficiency, with insights into the development of tenstorm for native graph processing.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2528.754, 'start': 2238.664, 'title': 'Beautiful computing designs', 'summary': 'Discusses the beauty of well-thought-out abstraction layers in computing, exemplifying the success of the seven-layer network stack and zen design at amd, emphasizing the importance of modular design and human cognitive capacity in creating harmonious and meaningful complex systems.', 'duration': 290.09, 'highlights': ['The importance of well-thought-out abstraction layers in computing, illustrated by the success of the seven-layer network stack and Zen design at AMD, is emphasized, showcasing the ability to innovate independently and improve design space (relevance score: 5)', 'The significance of modular design in improving quality and reducing interaction bugs is highlighted through the example of the Zen design at AMD, where defining all interfaces before writing the RTL for the pieces led to greatly improved quality (relevance score: 4)', "The chapter emphasizes the role of human cognitive capacity in creating beautiful designs, stating that a design can't be bigger than the person doing it and highlighting the importance of matching expertise and mental power to design size (relevance score: 3)", 'The discussion touches on the limitations of building complex systems with modular design, using the analogy of an alien observing the intricacies of a system like Twitter, highlighting the complexity beyond individual comprehension (relevance score: 2)', 'The chapter delves into the perspective of an alien observing complex systems like Twitter and the intricate networks, emphasizing the inability of individual humans to comprehend the entire system, highlighting the complexity beyond human-centric view (relevance score: 1)']}, {'end': 2917.019, 'start': 2528.954, 'title': "Future of computing and moore's law", 'summary': "Discusses the exponential improvement in computing capability, the software's significant improvement in training efficiency of neural networks, the potential future of earth being a computing surface, and the idea of turning everything into computing, leading towards a simulation.", 'duration': 388.065, 'highlights': ["Exponential improvement in computing capability and training efficiency of neural networks. The transcript discusses the broad view of Moore's law, where there is exponential improvement in computing capability, especially in the training efficiency of neural networks, which is improving significantly faster than the Moore's Law prediction.", 'Potential future of Earth being a computing surface and the idea of turning everything into computing, leading towards a simulation. The discussion touches upon the possibility of the entirety of Earth being a computing surface, with everything being leveraged for inefficient, dumb computing, pointing towards a future where everything is turned into computing, ultimately heading towards a simulation.', 'Hardware and software innovations and their impact on computing. The chapter explores the impact of hardware and software innovations on computing, emphasizing the potential rich source of S-curves in the future and the discussion around the scaling of quantity and its impact on computing efficiency.']}, {'end': 3286.578, 'start': 2919.049, 'title': 'Future of computing and deep learning', 'summary': "Discusses the future of computing, with the prediction that even 'dumb' things will become smarter, the potential of ai in hardware, and the shift towards graph-based processing for efficiency, with insights into the development of tenstorm for native graph processing.", 'duration': 367.529, 'highlights': ["The prediction that even 'dumb' things will become smarter due to the impact of Moore's Law, with the mention of high-power computers fitting in a shoebox and the ongoing challenges of compelling creativity and emotional intelligence in machines.", 'Insights into the potential of AI in hardware, with the discussion on parallel computers, GPUs, and the emergence of neural network-based graph processing for deep learning, highlighting the differences from traditional parallelism.', 'The development of TenStorm for native graph processing, with the mention of its early stage and the involvement of Labija Bajac, indicating the potential for a significant shift in computing architecture towards graph-based efficiency.']}], 'duration': 1047.914, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ42238664.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential future of Earth being a computing surface and the idea of turning everything into computing, leading towards a simulation.', 'The development of TenStorm for native graph processing, with the mention of its early stage and the involvement of Labija Bajac, indicating the potential for a significant shift in computing architecture towards graph-based efficiency.', "Exponential improvement in computing capability and training efficiency of neural networks. The transcript discusses the broad view of Moore's law, where there is exponential improvement in computing capability, especially in the training efficiency of neural networks, which is improving significantly faster than the Moore's Law prediction.", 'The importance of well-thought-out abstraction layers in computing, illustrated by the success of the seven-layer network stack and Zen design at AMD, is emphasized, showcasing the ability to innovate independently and improve design space.', 'The significance of modular design in improving quality and reducing interaction bugs is highlighted through the example of the Zen design at AMD, where defining all interfaces before writing the RTL for the pieces led to greatly improved quality.']}, {'end': 3862.177, 'segs': [{'end': 3336.45, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3290.301, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3296.204, 'text': 'We held a conference last year with a friend who organized it and we wanted to bring in thinkers,', 'start': 3290.301, 'duration': 5.903}, {'end': 3300.827, 'text': 'and two of the people were Andre Carpassi and Chris Ladner.', 'start': 3296.204, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 3306.07, 'text': "Andre gave this talk, it's on YouTube, called Software 2.0, which I think is great.", 'start': 3301.628, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 3313.015, 'text': 'We went from programmed computers, where you write programs, to data program computers.', 'start': 3306.851, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 3318.742, 'text': 'You know, like the future is, you know, of software as data programs, the networks.', 'start': 3313.775, 'duration': 4.967}, {'end': 3320.244, 'text': "And I think that's true.", 'start': 3319.383, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 3330.318, 'text': 'And then Chris has been where he worked on LLVM, the low level virtual machine, which became the intermediate representation for all compilers.', 'start': 3321.406, 'duration': 8.912}, {'end': 3336.45, 'text': "And now he's working on another project called MLIR, which is mid-level intermediate representation,", 'start': 3331.363, 'duration': 5.087}], 'summary': 'Conference featured talks by andre carpassi on software 2.0 and chris ladner on llvm, impacting compiler technology.', 'duration': 46.149, 'max_score': 3290.301, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43290301.jpg'}, {'end': 3442.422, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3415.743, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3422.511, 'text': "It seems to outperform 368 trillion operations per second, seems to outperform Nvidia's Tesla T4 system.", 'start': 3415.743, 'duration': 6.768}, {'end': 3424.272, 'text': 'So these are just numbers.', 'start': 3423.231, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 3427.674, 'text': 'What do they actually mean in real-world performance?', 'start': 3424.772, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 3432.457, 'text': "What are the metrics for you that you're chasing in your horse race?", 'start': 3427.754, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 3433.337, 'text': 'What do you care about?', 'start': 3432.517, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 3442.422, 'text': 'Well first, so the native language of people who write AI network programs is PyTorch, now PyTorch TensorFlow.', 'start': 3433.777, 'duration': 8.645}], 'summary': 'System outperforms tesla t4 with 368 trillion operations per second, focusing on real-world performance metrics and supporting pytorch and tensorflow.', 'duration': 26.679, 'max_score': 3415.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43415743.jpg'}, {'end': 3750.764, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3706.81, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3712.714, 'text': 'One of the goals is the scale from 100 milliwatts to a megawatt.', 'start': 3706.81, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 3714.755, 'text': 'Really have some range on the problems.', 'start': 3712.774, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 3718.317, 'text': 'The same kind of AI programs work at all different levels.', 'start': 3715.476, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 3721.179, 'text': "So that's the goal.", 'start': 3719.318, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 3726.383, 'text': "Since the natural data item is a packet that we can move around, it's built to scale.", 'start': 3721.239, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 3730.486, 'text': 'But so many people have, you know, small problems.', 'start': 3727.664, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 3732.307, 'text': 'Right Right.', 'start': 3731.606, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 3733.528, 'text': 'But, you know.', 'start': 3732.587, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 3736.35, 'text': 'Like inside that phone is a small problem to solve.', 'start': 3733.548, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 3739.612, 'text': 'So do you see TestStorm potentially being inside a phone?', 'start': 3736.45, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 3745.682, 'text': 'Well, the power efficiency of local memory, local computation and the way we built it is pretty good.', 'start': 3739.98, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 3750.764, 'text': "And then there's a lot of efficiency on being able to do conditional graphs and sparsity.", 'start': 3746.382, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': 'Goal: scale from 100 milliwatts to a megawatt for efficient ai programs and data processing.', 'duration': 43.954, 'max_score': 3706.81, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43706810.jpg'}], 'start': 3290.301, 'title': 'Future computing and ai integration', 'summary': "Delves into the shift to data program computers and the development of mlir, along with the performance of the grace call processor outperforming nvidia's tesla t4 system at 368 trillion operations per second. it also discusses teststorm's goal to enable efficient execution of pytorch code on hardware, emphasizing software and hardware integration, scalability, and customer-centric approach.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3462.321, 'start': 3290.301, 'title': 'Software 2.0 and mlir: the future of computing', 'summary': "Discusses the shift from programmed computers to data program computers, the development of mlir as an intermediate representation for computation, including the hardware piece, and the performance of the grace call processor, outperforming nvidia's tesla t4 system at 368 trillion operations per second.", 'duration': 172.02, 'highlights': ["The Grace Call Processor outperforms Nvidia's Tesla T4 system at 368 trillion operations per second, indicating significant real-world performance improvements.", 'The chapter introduces the concept of Software 2.0, emphasizing the shift from programmed computers to data program computers, reflecting the future of software as data programs and networks.', 'The development of MLIR as an intermediate representation for computation, including the hardware piece, and its role in executing graph programs, showcasing advancements in computing architecture and efficiency.', 'The discussion on PyTorch and TensorFlow, with a preference for PyTorch due to technical reasons, indicating the shifting preferences in the field of AI network programs.', "The mention of Andre Carpassi's talk on Software 2.0 and Chris Ladner's work on LLVM and MLIR, highlighting their contributions to the advancement of computing technology."]}, {'end': 3862.177, 'start': 3462.621, 'title': 'Teststorm: hardware and software integration', 'summary': "Discusses the goal of teststorm to enable efficient execution of pytorch code on hardware, addressing challenges in gpu optimization and scalability, aiming to support diverse ai problems and power ranges, while emphasizing the importance of software and hardware integration. the company's focus on technical fundamentals and customer-centric approach is highlighted, with an aim to achieve fast deployment and accessibility for users.", 'duration': 399.556, 'highlights': ['TestStorm aims to enable efficient execution of PyTorch code on hardware, eliminating the need for extensive performance tweaks and addressing challenges in GPU optimization, potentially achieving a significant boost in performance (e.g., from 5-10% to peak performance) (Relevance: 5)', 'The hardware is designed to handle evolving AI networks, supporting various AI problems, from small inference problems to large training problems, with a power range spanning from 100 milliwatts to a megawatt, emphasizing scalability and adaptability to diverse needs (Relevance: 4)', 'The company emphasizes the importance of software and hardware integration, focusing on technical fundamentals, power efficiency, conditional graphs, sparsity, and scalability, with potential applicability in small-factor devices, while acknowledging the early stage of the company and the need for validation (Relevance: 3)', "TestStorm's customer-centric approach is highlighted, emphasizing the significance of addressing technical basics such as memory bandwidth, local bandwidth, compute intensity, programmability, power management, and network port functionality, with an aim to ensure fast deployment and accessibility for users, potentially targeting a deployment time of around an hour (Relevance: 2)"]}], 'duration': 571.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43290301.jpg', 'highlights': ["The Grace Call Processor outperforms Nvidia's Tesla T4 system at 368 trillion operations per second, indicating significant real-world performance improvements.", 'The chapter introduces the concept of Software 2.0, emphasizing the shift from programmed computers to data program computers, reflecting the future of software as data programs and networks.', 'The development of MLIR as an intermediate representation for computation, including the hardware piece, and its role in executing graph programs, showcasing advancements in computing architecture and efficiency.', 'TestStorm aims to enable efficient execution of PyTorch code on hardware, eliminating the need for extensive performance tweaks and addressing challenges in GPU optimization, potentially achieving a significant boost in performance (e.g., from 5-10% to peak performance)', 'The hardware is designed to handle evolving AI networks, supporting various AI problems, from small inference problems to large training problems, with a power range spanning from 100 milliwatts to a megawatt, emphasizing scalability and adaptability to diverse needs.']}, {'end': 6028.774, 'segs': [{'end': 4003.047, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3971.934, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3974.896, 'text': "Then there's, he's also at Google worked at the TPU stuff.", 'start': 3971.934, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 3980.78, 'text': "He's obviously worked on Swift, so the programming language side.", 'start': 3976.537, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 3986.024, 'text': 'Talking about people that work in the entirety of the stack.', 'start': 3981.42, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 3988.866, 'text': 'From your time interacting with Chris and knowing the guy.', 'start': 3986.084, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 3991.668, 'text': "what's really impressive to you that just inspires you?", 'start': 3988.866, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 4001.327, 'text': 'Well, like LLVM became the de facto platform for compilers.', 'start': 3992.128, 'duration': 9.199}, {'end': 4003.047, 'text': "It's amazing.", 'start': 4002.527, 'duration': 0.52}], 'summary': 'Chris has worked at google on tpu and swift, and llvm is the de facto platform for compilers.', 'duration': 31.113, 'max_score': 3971.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43971934.jpg'}, {'end': 4378.165, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4352.958, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4359.56, 'text': 'And it so happened that you can map graph-like computation onto this pixel-centric computation.', 'start': 4352.958, 'duration': 6.602}, {'end': 4362.801, 'text': 'You can do floating-point programs on convolutions and matrices.', 'start': 4359.58, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 4369.683, 'text': 'And NVIDIA invested for years in CUDA, first for HPC, and then they got lucky with the AI trend.', 'start': 4363.461, 'duration': 6.222}, {'end': 4375.404, 'text': "But do you think they're going to essentially not be able to hardcore pivot out of their..", 'start': 4370.123, 'duration': 5.281}, {'end': 4375.724, 'text': "We'll see.", 'start': 4375.404, 'duration': 0.32}, {'end': 4378.165, 'text': "That's always interesting.", 'start': 4377.365, 'duration': 0.8}], 'summary': 'Nvidia invested in cuda for years, enabling floating-point programs on convolutions and matrices for ai trend.', 'duration': 25.207, 'max_score': 4352.958, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ44352958.jpg'}, {'end': 4712.537, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4686.258, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4693.542, 'text': 'You have a neural network that does stuff, fails on a bunch of things and learns from it over and over and over.', 'start': 4686.258, 'duration': 7.284}, {'end': 4695.423, 'text': "So you're constantly discovering edge cases.", 'start': 4693.602, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 4701.807, 'text': "So it's very much about like data engineering, like figuring out.", 'start': 4695.443, 'duration': 6.364}, {'end': 4705.109, 'text': "it's kind of what you were talking about with TenseTorrent, is you have the data landscape.", 'start': 4701.807, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 4712.537, 'text': "You have to walk along that data landscape in a way that's constantly improving the neural network.", 'start': 4705.709, 'duration': 6.828}], 'summary': 'Neural network learns from failures, discovers edge cases, and constantly improves through data engineering.', 'duration': 26.279, 'max_score': 4686.258, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ44686258.jpg'}, {'end': 4935.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4906.247, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4910.589, 'text': "And so, with self-driving cars, right now we're teaching them to drive with driving data.", 'start': 4906.247, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 4913.091, 'text': 'Like you never teach a human to do that.', 'start': 4911.49, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 4917.354, 'text': 'You teach a human all kinds of interesting things, like language like.', 'start': 4913.571, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 4918.394, 'text': "don't do that, you know.", 'start': 4917.354, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 4920.736, 'text': "watch out, you know, there's all kinds of stuff going on.", 'start': 4918.394, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 4930.083, 'text': 'Well, this is where you, I think, previous time we talked about where you poetically disagreed with my naive notion about humans.', 'start': 4920.936, 'duration': 9.147}, {'end': 4935.227, 'text': 'I just think that humans will make this whole driving thing really difficult.', 'start': 4930.343, 'duration': 4.884}], 'summary': 'Teaching self-driving cars with driving data makes it easier than teaching humans.', 'duration': 28.98, 'max_score': 4906.247, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ44906247.jpg'}, {'end': 5155.525, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5127.105, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5129.546, 'text': "He said the people literally couldn't talk to each other.", 'start': 5127.105, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 5134.149, 'text': 'And three years ago, it was all neural networks, but the very different neural networks.', 'start': 5129.566, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 5136.951, 'text': "And recently it's converging on one set of networks.", 'start': 5134.849, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 5144.256, 'text': 'They vary a lot in size, obviously they vary in data, vary in outputs, but the technology has converged a good bit.', 'start': 5137.691, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 5148.96, 'text': 'Yeah, these transformers behind GPT-3, it seems like they could be applied to video.', 'start': 5144.817, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 5152.403, 'text': "they could be applied to a lot of, and it's like, and they're all really simple.", 'start': 5148.96, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 5155.525, 'text': 'And it was like they literally replaced letters with pixels.', 'start': 5152.423, 'duration': 3.102}], 'summary': 'Neural networks have converged, varying in size and data, and can be applied to video and other uses.', 'duration': 28.42, 'max_score': 5127.105, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ45127105.jpg'}, {'end': 5884.614, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5861.367, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5869.45, 'text': 'But the question is, brain computer interfaces would need to render not onto a screen, but render onto the brain.', 'start': 5861.367, 'duration': 8.083}, {'end': 5872.811, 'text': "And like directly, so there's a bandwidth.", 'start': 5870.47, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 5873.791, 'text': 'Well, it could do it both ways.', 'start': 5872.831, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 5875.411, 'text': 'I mean, our eyes are really good sensors.', 'start': 5873.851, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 5880.933, 'text': "It could render onto a screen and we could feel like we're participating in it.", 'start': 5876.011, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 5884.614, 'text': "You know, they're going to have, you know, like the Oculus kind of stuff.", 'start': 5881.093, 'duration': 3.521}], 'summary': 'Brain computer interfaces can render onto the brain or screen, offering a bandwidth for participation.', 'duration': 23.247, 'max_score': 5861.367, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ45861367.jpg'}], 'start': 3862.617, 'title': 'Advancements in software, hardware, and ai', 'summary': "Covers topics such as chris ladner's impact on software development, graph-centric hardware for deep learning, nvidia's pivot in ai and autonomous vehicles, software 2.0 and neural network training, tesla's self-driving challenges, and the future of ai and brain-computer interfaces, encompassing advancements in software, hardware, and ai with a focus on impactful industry contributions and potential future developments.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4111.309, 'start': 3862.617, 'title': "Chris ladner's impact on software development", 'summary': "Discusses chris ladner's contributions to software development, including his work on llvm, swift, and mlir, and their impact on the industry as well as his supportive and influential leadership style.", 'duration': 248.692, 'highlights': ["Chris Ladner's success with LLVM and Swift, which became the de facto platform for compilers and a successful programming language, respectively, showcases his ability to hit the right level of abstraction and make good design choices, resulting in significant industry impact.", 'His work on MLIR and the idea of splitting the complexity of the software stack into multiple pieces to create the right abstraction levels demonstrates his innovative thinking and its potential to simplify software development.', 'The supportive and influential leadership style of Chris Ladner, as mentioned by the speaker, highlights his ability to encourage and support others in their endeavors, making a significant impact on individuals and projects.']}, {'end': 4351.791, 'start': 4111.589, 'title': 'Graph-centric hardware for deep learning', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of graph-centric hardware for deep learning, exploring the inefficiencies of gpus in processing graphs and the advantages of hardware acceleration for specific operations like rasterization and per-pixel computation.', 'duration': 240.202, 'highlights': ['GPUs were built for millions of pixels, not graphs, leading to potential inefficiencies in computing graph-focused operations. GPUs were designed for running shader programs on millions of pixels, not for processing graphs, indicating potential inefficiencies in handling graph-centric operations.', 'Hardware acceleration can significantly improve the performance of specific operations like rasterization, leading to faster execution compared to software programs. Hardware acceleration, such as in the case of rasterization, can result in faster execution and less code compared to software programs, showcasing the benefits of hardware optimization for specific operations.', 'Per-pixel computation in rendering realistic graphics requires separate programs to be run on every pixel, showcasing the need for parallelization and highlighting the complexity of per-pixel operations. The rendering of realistic graphics involves running separate programs on every pixel due to the subtle differences in light and translucency, emphasizing the necessity for parallelization and the complexity of per-pixel computation.']}, {'end': 4598.32, 'start': 4352.958, 'title': "Nvidia's pivot in ai and autonomous vehicles", 'summary': "Discusses nvidia's pivot in ai and autonomous vehicles, including their investments in cuda, their approach to autonomous vehicles, and the comparison between nvidia and mobileye's solutions for automotive computing.", 'duration': 245.362, 'highlights': ["NVIDIA's investments in CUDA for HPC and AI led to their pivot in the AI trend. NVIDIA invested for years in CUDA, first for HPC, and then they got lucky with the AI trend.", "Comparison of NVIDIA and Mobileye's approaches to automotive computing, focusing on cost and form factor. NVIDIA's approach had 800-millimeter chips and boatloads of expensive DRAMs, while Mobileye's solution fit the automotive cost and form factor.", "Discussion on neural networks as first-class citizens in Tesla's approach to autonomous driving. Tesla's approach involved neural networks from the ground up, transitioning away from classic CV, while Mobileye primarily focused on classic computer vision."]}, {'end': 4860.992, 'start': 4598.32, 'title': 'Software 2.0 and neural network training', 'summary': "Discusses the iterative improvement of neural networks, the transition to unsupervised training with unlimited data, and the challenges in fitting large networks into hardware, with a focus on tesla's approach to self-supervised driving data.", 'duration': 262.672, 'highlights': ["The iterative improvement of neural networks through data engineering and automation is a central focus, enabling faster and more effective training, as observed in Tesla's approach to self-supervised driving data.", "The transition to unsupervised training with unlimited data presents challenges in fitting large networks into hardware, raising questions about the compute necessary and the effectiveness of self-supervised driving data compared to Common AI's approach.", 'The focus on building networks that actually work and the ability to iterate quickly is highlighted, with an emphasis on the principles of Software 2.0 and the utilization of unsupervised training with GPT-3 and self-supervised driving data.']}, {'end': 5103.954, 'start': 4861.012, 'title': "Tesla's self-driving challenges", 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of achieving full self-driving capabilities, highlighting the complexity of teaching self-driving cars and the potential for autonomous vehicles to surpass human drivers in safety, despite the unpredictability of human behavior.', 'duration': 242.942, 'highlights': ['Teaching self-driving cars requires a different approach compared to teaching humans, as it involves utilizing driving data rather than a comprehensive intellectual framework. Comparison between the learning process of self-driving cars and humans.', 'The potential for autonomous vehicles to surpass human drivers in safety by eliminating a significant number of accidents through features like 360 cameras, radars, and AI-enhanced emergency braking. Potential safety improvement of autonomous vehicles compared to human drivers.', "Tesla's Dojo efforts and the challenges of building its own neural network training hardware, with a focus on the need for significant improvement over existing alternatives like racks of GPUs. Discussion on the necessity for Tesla's Dojo to be significantly superior to current alternatives."]}, {'end': 6028.774, 'start': 5103.954, 'title': 'Future of ai and brain-computer interfaces', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of ai technology, the potential convergence of neural networks, the complexity of the human brain, and the future possibilities of brain-computer interfaces, touching on the limitations and ethical concerns, and the potential for ai-rendered experiences.', 'duration': 924.82, 'highlights': ['The convergence of neural networks and the potential for improvement with increased size and data, leading to better computational understanding. The discussion on how the convergence of neural networks, increased size, and data leads to improved computational understanding, potentially achieving conceptual understanding beyond human comprehension.', "The potential for brain-computer interfaces to render experiences directly onto the brain, raising questions about neuroplasticity and ethical concerns. The exploration of brain-computer interfaces' potential to directly render experiences onto the brain, raising questions about the limits of neuroplasticity and ethical considerations regarding the integration of computing power with the human brain.", 'The limitations and uncertainties surrounding the expansion of brain capabilities through computing, including potential risks and ethical considerations. The consideration of the limitations and ethical uncertainties associated with expanding brain capabilities through computing, highlighting potential risks and ethical dilemmas.']}], 'duration': 2166.157, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ43862617.jpg', 'highlights': ["Chris Ladner's success with LLVM and Swift showcases his ability to make good design choices, resulting in significant industry impact.", "NVIDIA's investments in CUDA for HPC and AI led to their pivot in the AI trend.", 'The iterative improvement of neural networks through data engineering and automation is a central focus, enabling faster and more effective training.', 'Teaching self-driving cars requires a different approach compared to teaching humans, involving utilizing driving data rather than a comprehensive intellectual framework.', 'The convergence of neural networks and the potential for improvement with increased size and data, leading to better computational understanding.', 'The potential for brain-computer interfaces to render experiences directly onto the brain, raising questions about neuroplasticity and ethical concerns.']}, {'end': 7420.156, 'segs': [{'end': 6054.225, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6028.834, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 6033.716, 'text': 'The other 10% is rushing into the risks unaided by any infrastructure whatsoever.', 'start': 6028.834, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 6038.718, 'text': "And that's where all the fun happens in society.", 'start': 6034.456, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 6042.859, 'text': "There's been huge transformations in the last couple thousand years.", 'start': 6038.738, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 6044.239, 'text': "yeah, it's funny.", 'start': 6043.579, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 6046.441, 'text': 'i mean i got a chance to interact with.', 'start': 6044.239, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 6049.302, 'text': 'uh. uh, this is matthew johnson from johns hopkins.', 'start': 6046.441, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 6052.584, 'text': "he's doing this large-scale study of psychedelics.", 'start': 6049.302, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 6054.225, 'text': "it's becoming more and more.", 'start': 6052.584, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': '10% of risks are unaided by infrastructure, societal transformations in the last couple thousand years, and ongoing large-scale study of psychedelics.', 'duration': 25.391, 'max_score': 6028.834, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46028834.jpg'}, {'end': 6098.98, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6075.798, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 6085.366, 'text': "Psychedelic's interesting in the sense that in another dimension, like you said, it's a way to explore the limits of the human mind.", 'start': 6075.798, 'duration': 9.568}, {'end': 6091.372, 'text': 'Like, what is this thing capable of doing? Because you kind of, like when you dream, you detach it.', 'start': 6085.406, 'duration': 5.966}, {'end': 6094.895, 'text': "I don't know exactly the neuroscience of it, but you detach your..", 'start': 6091.452, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 6098.98, 'text': 'like reality from what your mind,', 'start': 6096.016, 'duration': 2.964}], 'summary': 'Psychedelics explore human mind limits in another dimension.', 'duration': 23.182, 'max_score': 6075.798, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46075798.jpg'}, {'end': 6243.113, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6213.206, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 6215.328, 'text': 'Within the dream or outside the dream.', 'start': 6213.206, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 6219.232, 'text': 'Well, to bring it up in my dreaming and then to remember it when I wake up.', 'start': 6215.348, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 6227.609, 'text': "It's more of a meditative practice to prepare yourself to do that.", 'start': 6221.167, 'duration': 6.442}, {'end': 6235.831, 'text': "Like if you go to sleep still gnashing your teeth about some random thing that happened that you're not that really interested in,", 'start': 6228.889, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 6236.591, 'text': "you'll dream about it.", 'start': 6235.831, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 6243.113, 'text': 'But you can direct your dreams somewhat by prepping.', 'start': 6239.052, 'duration': 4.061}], 'summary': 'Meditative practice can influence dreaming, aiding in dream direction and recall upon waking.', 'duration': 29.907, 'max_score': 6213.206, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46213206.jpg'}, {'end': 6376.338, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6350.933, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 6355.575, 'text': 'Like I like that process of brainstorming where lots of ideas can happen.', 'start': 6350.933, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 6357.095, 'text': 'I like people who have lots of ideas.', 'start': 6355.595, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 6364.699, 'text': "But then there's a, yeah, I'll let them sit and let it breathe a little bit and then reduce it to practice.", 'start': 6357.536, 'duration': 7.163}, {'end': 6374.778, 'text': 'Like at some point you really have to Does it really work? Is this real or not? But you have to do both.', 'start': 6365.019, 'duration': 9.759}, {'end': 6376.338, 'text': "There's creative tension there.", 'start': 6375.018, 'duration': 1.32}], 'summary': 'Emphasizing the importance of brainstorming and idea evaluation in the creative process.', 'duration': 25.405, 'max_score': 6350.933, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46350933.jpg'}, {'end': 6438.749, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6410.029, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 6412.951, 'text': 'Some people, like you said, are just like the..', 'start': 6410.029, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 6414.392, 'text': "Yeah, it's really interesting.", 'start': 6412.951, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 6416.693, 'text': "There's so much diversity in how people think.", 'start': 6414.852, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 6420.716, 'text': "Yeah You know, how fast or slow they are, how well they remember or don't.", 'start': 6416.713, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 6425.54, 'text': "You know, I'm not super good at remembering facts, but processes and methods.", 'start': 6422.057, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 6431.164, 'text': 'Like in our engineering, I went to Penn State, and almost all our engineering tests were open book.', 'start': 6426.5, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 6434.046, 'text': 'I could remember the page and not the formula.', 'start': 6431.924, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 6438.749, 'text': "But as soon as I saw the formula, I could remember the whole method if I'd learned it.", 'start': 6434.066, 'duration': 4.683}], 'summary': 'Diversity in cognitive abilities: memory, speed, and learning methods, exemplified by open-book engineering tests at penn state.', 'duration': 28.72, 'max_score': 6410.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46410029.jpg'}, {'end': 6547.691, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6522.281, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6527.143, 'text': 'And somehow you can walk along those visualizations and come up with an idea, which is weird.', 'start': 6522.281, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 6535.057, 'text': "But when you're thinking about solving problems, Like you're putting information in, you're exercising the stuff you do know.", 'start': 6527.203, 'duration': 7.854}, {'end': 6539.962, 'text': "You're sort of teasing the area that you don't understand and don't know.", 'start': 6535.738, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 6546.109, 'text': 'But you can almost, you know, feel, you know, that process happening.', 'start': 6540.703, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 6547.691, 'text': "You know, that's how I like.", 'start': 6546.129, 'duration': 1.562}], 'summary': 'Walking through visualizations sparks problem-solving ideas and understanding.', 'duration': 25.41, 'max_score': 6522.281, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46522281.jpg'}, {'end': 6614.635, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6498.266, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 6503.31, 'text': "Yeah, but there's a shape, there's a texture, there's a color, but there's also conceptual visualization.", 'start': 6498.266, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 6509.634, 'text': "What are you actually visualizing when you're visualizing a volcano? Just like with peripheral vision, you think you see the whole thing.", 'start': 6503.95, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 6511.395, 'text': "Yeah, that's a good way to say it.", 'start': 6509.814, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 6516.037, 'text': 'You have this kind of almost peripheral vision of your visualizations.', 'start': 6511.975, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 6517.018, 'text': "They're like these ghosts.", 'start': 6516.077, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 6521.8, 'text': 'But if you work on it, you can get a pretty high level of detail.', 'start': 6518.399, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 6527.143, 'text': 'And somehow you can walk along those visualizations and come up with an idea, which is weird.', 'start': 6522.281, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 6535.057, 'text': "But when you're thinking about solving problems, Like you're putting information in, you're exercising the stuff you do know.", 'start': 6527.203, 'duration': 7.854}, {'end': 6539.962, 'text': "You're sort of teasing the area that you don't understand and don't know.", 'start': 6535.738, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 6546.109, 'text': 'But you can almost, you know, feel, you know, that process happening.', 'start': 6540.703, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 6547.691, 'text': "You know, that's how I like.", 'start': 6546.129, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 6550.832, 'text': 'Like I know.', 'start': 6550.351, 'duration': 0.481}, {'end': 6552.113, 'text': "sometimes when I'm working really hard on,", 'start': 6550.832, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 6558.978, 'text': "something like I get really hot when I'm sleeping and you know it's like we got the blanket throw I wake up with all the blankets thrown on the floor.", 'start': 6552.113, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 6563.801, 'text': "And, you know, every time it's while I wake up and think, wow, that was great.", 'start': 6560.118, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 6565.162, 'text': 'You know.', 'start': 6564.882, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 6570.286, 'text': "Are you able to reverse engineer what the hell happened there? Oh, sometimes it's vivid dreams.", 'start': 6565.342, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 6576.911, 'text': "And sometimes it's just kind of like you say, like shadow thinking that you sort of have this feeling you're going through this stuff,", 'start': 6570.346, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 6578.332, 'text': "but it's not that obvious.", 'start': 6576.911, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 6582.673, 'text': "Isn't that so amazing that the mind just does all these little experiments?", 'start': 6578.712, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 6583.913, 'text': 'I never, you know.', 'start': 6582.893, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 6586.734, 'text': "I thought, I always thought it's like a river that you can't.", 'start': 6583.913, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 6588.855, 'text': "you're just there for the ride, but you're right.", 'start': 6586.734, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 6589.595, 'text': 'If you prep it.', 'start': 6588.895, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 6592.135, 'text': "No, it's all understandable.", 'start': 6589.615, 'duration': 2.52}, {'end': 6593.516, 'text': 'Meditation really helps.', 'start': 6592.556, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 6596.817, 'text': 'You got to start figuring out you need to learn language of your own mind.', 'start': 6593.776, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 6602.318, 'text': "And there's multiple levels of it, but.", 'start': 6599.317, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 6609.67, 'text': "Yeah, abstractions again, right? It's somewhat comprehensible and observable and feelable or whatever the right word is.", 'start': 6602.682, 'duration': 6.988}, {'end': 6613.073, 'text': "Yeah, you're not alone for the ride.", 'start': 6609.69, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 6614.635, 'text': 'You are the ride.', 'start': 6613.914, 'duration': 0.721}], 'summary': "Visualizations can lead to detailed problem-solving ideas, aided by understanding and teasing the unknown, and meditation helps in comprehending the mind's language and levels.", 'duration': 25.02, 'max_score': 6498.266, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46498266.jpg'}, {'end': 6670.685, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6639.93, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6641.491, 'text': "I know, it's really weird.", 'start': 6639.93, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 6643.653, 'text': 'So.. Yeah.', 'start': 6642.632, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 6647.427, 'text': "I mean, everything about it's weird.", 'start': 6645.546, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 6653.272, 'text': "First, it's a half a second behind reality, right? It's a post hoc narrative about what happened.", 'start': 6647.988, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 6657.896, 'text': "You've already done stuff by the time you're conscious of it.", 'start': 6653.752, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 6666.983, 'text': 'And your consciousness generally is a single threaded thing, but we know your brain is 10 billion neurons running some crazy parallel thing.', 'start': 6658.896, 'duration': 8.087}, {'end': 6670.685, 'text': "And there's a really big sorting thing going on there.", 'start': 6668.043, 'duration': 2.642}], 'summary': 'Brain operates 0.5 sec behind reality, 10 billion neurons run parallel processing.', 'duration': 30.755, 'max_score': 6639.93, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46639930.jpg'}, {'end': 6859.023, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6833.002, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6839.378, 'text': 'Like if we want to engineer consciousness, is it okay to engineer something that just looks conscious?', 'start': 6833.002, 'duration': 6.376}, {'end': 6843.015, 'text': 'Or is there a difference between something that is?', 'start': 6840.814, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 6846.517, 'text': "Well, we evolve consciousness because it's a super effective way to manage our affairs.", 'start': 6843.015, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 6848.658, 'text': "Yeah, it's a social element.", 'start': 6847.137, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6850.639, 'text': 'Well, it gives us a planning system.', 'start': 6848.998, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 6852.74, 'text': 'We have a huge amount of stuff.', 'start': 6851.239, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 6859.023, 'text': "Like when we're talking, the reason we can talk really fast is we're modeling each other at a really high level of detail.", 'start': 6853.26, 'duration': 5.763}], 'summary': 'Debating consciousness and its evolution in managing affairs and social elements.', 'duration': 26.021, 'max_score': 6833.002, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46833002.jpg'}, {'end': 6985.148, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6959.62, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6965.522, 'text': 'For us intelligent beings, we might not be able to perceive other kinds of intelligence if they become sufficiently different than us.', 'start': 6959.62, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 6968.703, 'text': 'We live in the current constrained world.', 'start': 6966.762, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 6970.723, 'text': "It's three-dimensional geometry.", 'start': 6968.803, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 6973.444, 'text': 'The geometry defines a certain amount of physics.', 'start': 6971.363, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 6977.545, 'text': "There's how time seems to work.", 'start': 6974.845, 'duration': 2.7}, {'end': 6985.148, 'text': "There's so many things that seem like a whole bunch of the input parameters to another conscious being are the same.", 'start': 6978.506, 'duration': 6.642}], 'summary': 'Our perception of intelligence is limited by our own constraints and parameters.', 'duration': 25.528, 'max_score': 6959.62, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46959620.jpg'}, {'end': 7163.447, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7131.77, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7135.815, 'text': "It's one of the creative tension things again.", 'start': 7131.77, 'duration': 4.045}, {'end': 7144.044, 'text': "You're constructed by it, but you can still observe it and you can think about it and you can make choices about, to some level,", 'start': 7135.915, 'duration': 8.129}, {'end': 7145.385, 'text': 'how constrained you are by it.', 'start': 7144.044, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 7148.128, 'text': "And it's useful to do that.", 'start': 7145.405, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 7163.447, 'text': "But at the same time, and it could be by doing that, the group in society you're part of becomes collectively even more interesting.", 'start': 7153.481, 'duration': 9.966}], 'summary': 'Navigating creative tension allows for individual agency within society, enhancing collective intrigue.', 'duration': 31.677, 'max_score': 7131.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47131770.jpg'}, {'end': 7209.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7186.719, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7194.28, 'text': "As a small little quirk of history, it seems like you're related to Jordan Peterson, like you mentioned.", 'start': 7186.719, 'duration': 7.561}, {'end': 7196.521, 'text': "He's going through some rough stuff now.", 'start': 7194.921, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 7209.223, 'text': 'Is there some comment you can make about the roughness of the human journey, the ups and downs? Well, I became an expert in benzo withdrawal.', 'start': 7197.741, 'duration': 11.482}], 'summary': "Expert in benzo withdrawal related to jordan peterson's journey", 'duration': 22.504, 'max_score': 7186.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47186719.jpg'}, {'end': 7289.004, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7258.914, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7262.956, 'text': 'It literally changes the size and numbers of neurotransmitter sites in your brain.', 'start': 7258.914, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 7269.799, 'text': "Yeah So there's a process called the Ashton Protocol where you taper it down slowly over two years.", 'start': 7262.976, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 7272.879, 'text': 'The people go through, that goes through unbelievable hell.', 'start': 7270.359, 'duration': 2.52}, {'end': 7280.001, 'text': 'And what Jordan went through seemed to be worse because on advice of doctors, you know, well, stop taking these and take this.', 'start': 7273.78, 'duration': 6.221}, {'end': 7281.222, 'text': 'It was a disaster.', 'start': 7280.021, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 7284.663, 'text': 'And he got some, yeah, it was pretty tough.', 'start': 7281.562, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 7289.004, 'text': 'He seems to be doing quite a bit better intellectually.', 'start': 7285.883, 'duration': 3.121}], 'summary': 'Ashton protocol changes neurotransmitter sites, tapering down over two years, resulting in improved intellectual health.', 'duration': 30.09, 'max_score': 7258.914, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47258914.jpg'}, {'end': 7354.54, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7327.208, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7333.09, 'text': "Many doctors prescribe them endlessly, which is against the protocol, but it's common, right?", 'start': 7327.208, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 7340.293, 'text': "And then something like 75% of people when they taper, it's you know, half the people have difficulty, but 75% get off okay.", 'start': 7333.21, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 7346.296, 'text': '20% have severe difficulty and 5% have life-threatening difficulty.', 'start': 7342.754, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 7349.157, 'text': "And if you're one of those, it's really bad.", 'start': 7347.397, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 7354.54, 'text': 'And the stories that people have on this is heartbreaking and tough.', 'start': 7349.658, 'duration': 4.882}], 'summary': 'Many doctors prescribe opioids against protocol, 75% taper off successfully, 20% have severe difficulty, 5% face life-threatening issues.', 'duration': 27.332, 'max_score': 7327.208, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47327208.jpg'}, {'end': 7420.156, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7394.581, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7399.268, 'text': "The fact that they're casually prescribed to people is horrible.", 'start': 7394.581, 'duration': 4.687}, {'end': 7401.972, 'text': "And it's bloody scary.", 'start': 7400.971, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 7405.818, 'text': "And some people are stable on them, but they're on them for life.", 'start': 7403.835, 'duration': 1.983}, {'end': 7409.23, 'text': "It's another one of those drugs that..", 'start': 7406.309, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 7412.192, 'text': 'But benzos long range have real impacts on your personality.', 'start': 7409.23, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 7417.214, 'text': 'People talk about the benzo bubble where you get disassociated from reality and your friends a little bit.', 'start': 7412.572, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 7420.156, 'text': "It's really terrible.", 'start': 7418.795, 'duration': 1.361}], 'summary': 'Benzos have long-term impacts on personality, leading to disassociation from reality and potential lifelong use.', 'duration': 25.575, 'max_score': 7394.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47394581.jpg'}], 'start': 6028.834, 'title': 'Exploring psychedelics, ideas, and consciousness', 'summary': 'Delves into psychedelics and dream manipulation, techniques for idea generation, and the nature of consciousness, with insights from large-scale studies and implications for ai. it also highlights the severe impact of benzo withdrawal, emphasizing the need for caution in prescription and tapering protocols.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6243.113, 'start': 6028.834, 'title': 'Psychedelics and dream exploration', 'summary': 'Discusses the exploration of psychedelics and dream manipulation, including the potential of the human mind and the practice of directing dreams, with insights from a large-scale study of psychedelics and techniques to enhance dream recall and exploration.', 'duration': 214.279, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the exploration of psychedelics and dream manipulation, including the potential of the human mind and the practice of directing dreams. The conversation delves into the study of psychedelics, the potential of exploring the human mind, and the techniques to enhance dream recall and manipulation.', 'Insights from a large-scale study of psychedelics are shared, revealing the interest in exploring the limits of the human mind. Matthew Johnson from Johns Hopkins is conducting a large-scale study of psychedelics, reflecting the growing interest in understanding the capabilities of the human mind.', 'Techniques to enhance dream recall and exploration are discussed, including the practice of directing dreams and the preparation before sleep. The discussion includes techniques such as prepping the mind before sleep to enhance dream recall and manipulation, and the practice of directing dreams by focusing on specific thoughts or problems before sleeping.']}, {'end': 6614.635, 'start': 6244.417, 'title': 'Optimizing idea generation', 'summary': 'Discusses techniques for optimizing idea generation, including processes for improving the quality of ideas, the importance of allowing ideas to sit and breathe, and understanding individual cognitive processes. it also explores visualization techniques and the impact of meditation on idea generation.', 'duration': 370.218, 'highlights': ['Understanding individual cognitive processes and optimizing idea generation techniques. The chapter discusses the importance of understanding how people process thoughts at different speeds and how to function optimally based on individual cognitive strengths, such as memory for methods over facts.', 'The significance of allowing ideas to sit and breathe before reducing them to practice. The chapter emphasizes the value of brainstorming and letting ideas breathe before assessing their practicality, highlighting the creative tension between being open and precise in idea generation.', 'Visualization techniques and their impact on idea generation. The chapter explores the intricacies of visualization, from conceptual visualization to the ability to walk along visualizations to generate ideas, emphasizing the potential of visualization in problem-solving.', "The influence of meditation on understanding the language of one's mind and the multiple levels of cognitive processes. The chapter highlights the impact of meditation in understanding the language of one's mind and the multiple levels of cognitive processes, emphasizing the role of meditation in optimizing idea generation."]}, {'end': 7186.079, 'start': 6615.675, 'title': 'Engineering consciousness and alien intelligence', 'summary': 'Explores the nature of consciousness, the potential engineering of consciousness in ai, and the possibility of intelligent alien civilizations, considering the constraints of our perception and the evolution of ideas.', 'duration': 570.404, 'highlights': ['The nature of consciousness is discussed, including its lag behind reality, single-threaded nature, and reflective properties. Consciousness is a half second behind reality, single-threaded, and involves a reflective space in the mind.', 'The potential engineering of consciousness in AI is explored, considering the creation of worldviews, emotional and biological structures, and the impact on decision-making. AI systems may need to create worldviews, emotional structures, and biological structures to replicate consciousness.', 'The constraints of human perception and the potential limitations in perceiving other forms of intelligence, such as extraterrestrial civilizations, are considered. The constraints of human perception may limit our ability to perceive different forms of intelligence, including potential extraterrestrial civilizations.', 'The concept of ideas as organisms and the role of individual and collective thinking in society are examined, emphasizing the creative tension and potential for collective growth. Ideas are considered as organisms, and the role of individual and collective thinking in society is examined, highlighting the potential for collective growth.']}, {'end': 7420.156, 'start': 7186.719, 'title': "Jordan peterson's benzo withdrawal", 'summary': 'Discusses the severe impact of benzo withdrawal, particularly on jordan peterson, highlighting the metabolic dependency, the ashton protocol for tapering, the prevalence of difficulties in tapering, and the detrimental impact of casual prescription of benzodiazepines.', 'duration': 233.437, 'highlights': ["Benzo withdrawal's metabolic dependency and Ashton Protocol for tapering over two years.", 'The prevalence of difficulties in tapering benzos: 20% have severe difficulty and 5% have life-threatening difficulty.', 'The detrimental impact of casual prescription of benzodiazepines, with one doctor realizing harm after prescribing them for 10 years.', 'The severe impact of benzo withdrawal on Jordan Peterson, including the physical and intellectual suffering he endured.']}], 'duration': 1391.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ46028834.jpg', 'highlights': ['The severe impact of benzo withdrawal on Jordan Peterson, including the physical and intellectual suffering he endured.', 'The prevalence of difficulties in tapering benzos: 20% have severe difficulty and 5% have life-threatening difficulty.', 'The detrimental impact of casual prescription of benzodiazepines, with one doctor realizing harm after prescribing them for 10 years.', "Benzo withdrawal's metabolic dependency and Ashton Protocol for tapering over two years.", 'The concept of ideas as organisms and the role of individual and collective thinking in society are examined, emphasizing the creative tension and potential for collective growth.', 'The constraints of human perception and the potential limitations in perceiving other forms of intelligence, such as extraterrestrial civilizations, are considered. The constraints of human perception may limit our ability to perceive different forms of intelligence, including potential extraterrestrial civilizations.', 'The potential engineering of consciousness in AI is explored, considering the creation of worldviews, emotional and biological structures, and the impact on decision-making. AI systems may need to create worldviews, emotional structures, and biological structures to replicate consciousness.', 'The nature of consciousness is discussed, including its lag behind reality, single-threaded nature, and reflective properties. Consciousness is a half second behind reality, single-threaded, and involves a reflective space in the mind.', 'Visualization techniques and their impact on idea generation. The chapter explores the intricacies of visualization, from conceptual visualization to the ability to walk along visualizations to generate ideas, emphasizing the potential of visualization in problem-solving.', "The influence of meditation on understanding the language of one's mind and the multiple levels of cognitive processes. The chapter highlights the impact of meditation in understanding the language of one's mind and the multiple levels of cognitive processes, emphasizing the role of meditation in optimizing idea generation.", 'The significance of allowing ideas to sit and breathe before reducing them to practice. The chapter emphasizes the value of brainstorming and letting ideas breathe before assessing their practicality, highlighting the creative tension between being open and precise in idea generation.', 'Understanding individual cognitive processes and optimizing idea generation techniques. The chapter discusses the importance of understanding how people process thoughts at different speeds and how to function optimally based on individual cognitive strengths, such as memory for methods over facts.', 'Insights from a large-scale study of psychedelics are shared, revealing the interest in exploring the limits of the human mind. Matthew Johnson from Johns Hopkins is conducting a large-scale study of psychedelics, reflecting the growing interest in understanding the capabilities of the human mind.', 'Techniques to enhance dream recall and exploration are discussed, including the practice of directing dreams and the preparation before sleep. The discussion includes techniques such as prepping the mind before sleep to enhance dream recall and manipulation, and the practice of directing dreams by focusing on specific thoughts or problems before sleeping.', 'The chapter discusses the exploration of psychedelics and dream manipulation, including the potential of the human mind and the practice of directing dreams. The conversation delves into the study of psychedelics, the potential of exploring the human mind, and the techniques to enhance dream recall and manipulation.']}, {'end': 8155.405, 'segs': [{'end': 7456.207, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7420.436, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7421.616, 'text': 'The mind is terrifying.', 'start': 7420.436, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 7424.958, 'text': 'We were talking about how, the infinite possibility of fun.', 'start': 7421.657, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 7433.142, 'text': "but it's the infinite possibility of suffering too, which is one of the dangers of expansion of the human mind.", 'start': 7424.958, 'duration': 8.184}, {'end': 7433.862, 'text': "It's like..", 'start': 7433.162, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 7445.085, 'text': 'I wonder if all the possible experiences that an intelligent computer can have, is it mostly fun or is it mostly suffering?', 'start': 7435.323, 'duration': 9.762}, {'end': 7456.207, 'text': 'If you brute force expand the set of possibilities, are you going to run into some trouble in terms of torture and suffering and so on?', 'start': 7446.965, 'duration': 9.242}], 'summary': 'The expansion of the human mind brings the potential for both fun and suffering, posing a danger in the quest for infinite possibilities.', 'duration': 35.771, 'max_score': 7420.436, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47420436.jpg'}, {'end': 7517.149, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7493.849, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7502.12, 'text': 'it seems like pandemics have at least the ability to kill off most of the human population at their worst.', 'start': 7493.849, 'duration': 8.271}, {'end': 7506.063, 'text': "Mm-hmm And they're just fascinating because there's so many viruses in this world.", 'start': 7502.14, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 7511.726, 'text': "I mean, viruses basically run the world in the sense that they've been around a very long time.", 'start': 7506.123, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 7512.947, 'text': "They're everywhere.", 'start': 7512.246, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 7517.149, 'text': 'They seem to be extremely powerful in a distributed kind of way.', 'start': 7513.647, 'duration': 3.502}], 'summary': 'Viruses have the potential to devastate human populations and hold significant power in the world.', 'duration': 23.3, 'max_score': 7493.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47493849.jpg'}, {'end': 7587.259, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7564.247, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7573.892, 'text': 'And we know sex partly exists to scramble our genes so that we have, you know, genetic variation against the invasion of the bacteria and the viruses.', 'start': 7564.247, 'duration': 9.645}, {'end': 7575.253, 'text': "And it's endless.", 'start': 7574.292, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 7581.396, 'text': 'Like, I read some funny statistic, like the density of viruses and bacteria in the ocean is really high.', 'start': 7576.013, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 7585.258, 'text': 'And one third of the bacteria die every day because the virus is invading them.', 'start': 7582.036, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 7587.259, 'text': 'Like one third of them.', 'start': 7586.179, 'duration': 1.08}], 'summary': 'Sex exists for genetic variation against invasion of bacteria and viruses, with one third of bacteria dying daily.', 'duration': 23.012, 'max_score': 7564.247, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47564247.jpg'}, {'end': 7714.625, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7685.815, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7688.118, 'text': "I don't know if you're paying attention at all.", 'start': 7685.815, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 7692.303, 'text': "It's the GameStop and Wall Street Bets.", 'start': 7688.138, 'duration': 4.165}, {'end': 7693.024, 'text': 'It was super fun.', 'start': 7692.403, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 7696.109, 'text': "So it's really fascinating.", 'start': 7694.165, 'duration': 1.944}, {'end': 7702.139, 'text': "There's kind of a theme to this conversation we're having today, because it's like neural networks.", 'start': 7696.61, 'duration': 5.529}, {'end': 7714.625, 'text': "it's cool how there's a large number of people, in a distributed way, almost having a kind of fund, were able to take on the powerful elites,", 'start': 7702.139, 'duration': 12.486}], 'summary': 'Gamestop and wall street bets rallied a large number of people to challenge powerful elites.', 'duration': 28.81, 'max_score': 7685.815, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47685815.jpg'}, {'end': 7893.564, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7862.555, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7863.597, 'text': 'who are the parties involved?', 'start': 7862.555, 'duration': 1.042}, {'end': 7865.719, 'text': "It's the basic questions that everybody wants to know about.", 'start': 7863.677, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 7872.869, 'text': "Yeah, so like we're in a very hyper-competitive world, right? But transactions like buying and selling stock is a trust event.", 'start': 7866.3, 'duration': 6.569}, {'end': 7875.891, 'text': 'You know, I trust the company represented themselves properly.', 'start': 7873.509, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 7878.933, 'text': "You know, I bought the stock because I think it's going to go up.", 'start': 7875.911, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 7881.715, 'text': 'I trust that the regulations are solid.', 'start': 7879.674, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 7888.14, 'text': "Now, inside of that, there's all kinds of places where, you know, humans overtrust.", 'start': 7882.676, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 7893.564, 'text': "And, you know, this exposed, let's say, some weak points in the system.", 'start': 7888.741, 'duration': 4.823}], 'summary': 'Discussion on trust in transactions, where overtrust exposes weak points in the system.', 'duration': 31.009, 'max_score': 7862.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47862555.jpg'}, {'end': 7956.879, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7931.097, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7938.591, 'text': "And every once in a while it rains and everybody's like, what do we do? somebody go bring in the lawn furniture, you know, like it's getting wet.", 'start': 7931.097, 'duration': 7.494}, {'end': 7939.692, 'text': "You don't know why it's getting wet.", 'start': 7938.731, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 7944.214, 'text': "I was blue for like 100 days and now it's, you know, so.", 'start': 7940.092, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 7949.576, 'text': 'But part of the problem here with Vlad, the CEO of Robinhood, is the scaling.', 'start': 7944.654, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 7956.879, 'text': "that we've been talking about is there's a lot of unexpected things that happen with the scaling and you have to be.", 'start': 7949.576, 'duration': 7.303}], 'summary': 'Challenges with scaling for vlad, ceo of robinhood, due to unexpected issues.', 'duration': 25.782, 'max_score': 7931.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47931097.jpg'}, {'end': 8092.211, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8062.962, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8067.086, 'text': 'The insiders always win? Well, they have more tools and more incentive.', 'start': 8062.962, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 8068.647, 'text': 'I mean, this always happens.', 'start': 8067.146, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 8070.749, 'text': 'The outsiders are doing this for fun.', 'start': 8068.928, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 8072.191, 'text': 'The insiders are doing this 24-7.', 'start': 8070.769, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 8075.153, 'text': "But there's numbers in the outsiders.", 'start': 8073.332, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 8076.715, 'text': 'This is the interesting thing.', 'start': 8075.694, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 8079.037, 'text': "Well, there's numbers on the insiders, too.", 'start': 8076.735, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 8086.085, 'text': "like different kind of numbers, different kind of numbers, but this could be a new era, because i don't know.", 'start': 8080.9, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 8087.546, 'text': "at least i didn't expect that.", 'start': 8086.085, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 8092.211, 'text': "uh, a bunch of redditors, could you know, there's uh, you know, millions of people get surprised attack.", 'start': 8087.546, 'duration': 4.665}], 'summary': 'Insiders have more tools and incentive, but outsiders have numbers. a new era with surprise attacks by millions.', 'duration': 29.249, 'max_score': 8062.962, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48062962.jpg'}], 'start': 7420.436, 'title': 'Expansion dangers & financial market volatility', 'summary': "Explores dangers of expanding the human mind, pandemics' impact on history, and the gamestop-wall street bets saga in relation to the competitive nature of evolution. it also discusses recent stock market volatility and its impact on companies and investors, highlighting trust issues and potential manipulation by insiders.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7778.388, 'start': 7420.436, 'title': 'Dangers of expansion: mind, pandemics, and wall street', 'summary': 'Explores the dangers of expanding the human mind, the impact of pandemics on human history, and the gamestop-wall street bets saga, referencing the balance between good and evil, the competitive nature of evolution, the potential of pandemics to decimate human populations, and the distributed power of a large group challenging elite hedge funds.', 'duration': 357.952, 'highlights': ['The potential impact of pandemics on human history, including the ability to decimate most of the human population at their worst.', 'The competitive nature of evolution, with endless variation and levels of competition, alongside the role of sex in providing genetic variation against the invasion of bacteria and viruses.', 'The distributed power of a large group challenging elite hedge funds, as seen in the GameStop-Wall Street Bets saga, reflecting a theme of distributed power in the conversation.', 'The dangers of expanding the human mind, encompassing the infinite possibility of suffering and the balance between good and evil, as well as the potential for trouble in terms of torture and suffering if the set of possibilities is brute force expanded.']}, {'end': 8155.405, 'start': 7781.751, 'title': 'Financial market volatility and the game of stocks', 'summary': 'Discusses the recent stock market volatility, including short squeezes and flash crashes, the impact on companies and investors, the trust issues in stock transactions, and the challenges faced by the ceo of robinhood, highlighting the potential manipulation by insiders and the unpredictability of future events.', 'duration': 373.654, 'highlights': ['Insiders versus outsiders: The potential manipulation by insiders and the impact on outsiders is discussed, highlighting the advantage of insiders in terms of tools and incentives. discussion of the advantage held by insiders in the stock market, impacting outsiders and potentially leading to future surprises in the market.', 'Trust issues in stock transactions: The discussion of the trust involved in buying and selling stocks, the exposure of weak points in the system, and the uncertainty about potential corrections and the real story. examination of the trust involved in stock transactions and the exposure of weak points in the system, creating uncertainty about future corrections and the actual events.', "Challenges faced by the CEO of Robinhood: The CEO's struggles with scaling, financial risk, and understanding the system, posing potential risks to both the company and its customers. highlighting the challenges faced by the CEO of Robinhood in terms of scaling, financial risk, and understanding the stock market system, potentially posing risks to the company and its customers."]}], 'duration': 734.969, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ47420436.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential impact of pandemics on human history, including the ability to decimate most of the human population at their worst.', 'The competitive nature of evolution, with endless variation and levels of competition, alongside the role of sex in providing genetic variation against the invasion of bacteria and viruses.', 'The distributed power of a large group challenging elite hedge funds, as seen in the GameStop-Wall Street Bets saga, reflecting a theme of distributed power in the conversation.', 'The dangers of expanding the human mind, encompassing the infinite possibility of suffering and the balance between good and evil, as well as the potential for trouble in terms of torture and suffering if the set of possibilities is brute force expanded.', 'Insiders versus outsiders: The potential manipulation by insiders and the impact on outsiders is discussed, highlighting the advantage of insiders in terms of tools and incentives.', 'Trust issues in stock transactions: The discussion of the trust involved in buying and selling stocks, the exposure of weak points in the system, and the uncertainty about potential corrections and the real story.', "Challenges faced by the CEO of Robinhood: The CEO's struggles with scaling, financial risk, and understanding the system, posing potential risks to both the company and its customers."]}, {'end': 9545.867, 'segs': [{'end': 8220.959, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8194.359, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8201.467, 'text': "Don't waste all your time doing stuff that's just boring or bland or numbing, right? Don't let old people screw you.", 'start': 8194.359, 'duration': 7.108}, {'end': 8209.447, 'text': 'People get talked into doing all kinds of shit and racking up huge student debts.', 'start': 8204.742, 'duration': 4.705}, {'end': 8212.41, 'text': "There's so much crap going on.", 'start': 8210.348, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 8215.133, 'text': 'And it drains your time and drains your energy.', 'start': 8212.61, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 8218.837, 'text': "The Eric Weinstein thesis that the older generation won't let go.", 'start': 8215.173, 'duration': 3.664}, {'end': 8220.959, 'text': "They're trapping all the young people.", 'start': 8219.558, 'duration': 1.401}], 'summary': "Avoid wasting time on boring activities, don't let old people trap you or rack up huge student debts.", 'duration': 26.6, 'max_score': 8194.359, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48194359.jpg'}, {'end': 8580.865, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8554.997, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8560.422, 'text': 'Like, is there a more specifically on that point? You have to be really good at stuff.', 'start': 8554.997, 'duration': 5.425}, {'end': 8565.727, 'text': "If you're going to lead and build a team, you better be really interested in how people work and think.", 'start': 8561.303, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 8569.056, 'text': 'The people or the solution to the problem.', 'start': 8567.074, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 8575.561, 'text': "So there's two things, right? One is how people work and the other is the- Actually, there's quite a few successful startups.", 'start': 8569.076, 'duration': 6.485}, {'end': 8577.783, 'text': "It's pretty clear the founders don't know anything about people.", 'start': 8575.661, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 8580.865, 'text': 'Like the idea was so powerful that it propelled them.', 'start': 8578.363, 'duration': 2.502}], 'summary': 'To lead and build a successful team, one must be deeply interested in understanding how people work and think.', 'duration': 25.868, 'max_score': 8554.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48554997.jpg'}, {'end': 8880.931, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8833.83, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8839.175, 'text': "Like suddenly somebody's interesting and then you're infatuated with them and then you're in love with them.", 'start': 8833.83, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 8844.4, 'text': 'And then different people have ideas about parental love or mature love.', 'start': 8840.116, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 8845.922, 'text': 'Like you go through a cycle of that.', 'start': 8844.48, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 8857.886, 'text': "which keeps us together and it's super functional for creating families and creating communities and making you support somebody despite the fact that you don't love them.", 'start': 8846.562, 'duration': 11.324}, {'end': 8862.528, 'text': 'And it can be really enriching.', 'start': 8859.707, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 8867.507, 'text': 'Now in the work-life balance scheme.', 'start': 8864.506, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 8872.308, 'text': 'if all you do is work, you think you may be optimizing your work potential,', 'start': 8867.507, 'duration': 4.801}, {'end': 8880.931, 'text': "but if you don't love your work or you don't have family and friends and things you care about, your brain isn't well balanced.", 'start': 8872.308, 'duration': 8.623}], 'summary': 'Love plays a significant role in creating families and communities, impacting work-life balance.', 'duration': 47.101, 'max_score': 8833.83, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48833830.jpg'}, {'end': 9017.203, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8987.529, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8991.591, 'text': 'I feel like Lex has made a lot of progress with this book.', 'start': 8987.529, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 8995.512, 'text': 'Well, you have things in your life that you love.', 'start': 8993.872, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 8997.853, 'text': 'Yeah, yeah.', 'start': 8995.932, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 9000.754, 'text': "And they are, you're right, they're modular.", 'start': 8997.873, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 9005.396, 'text': 'And you can have multiple things with the same person or the same thing.', 'start': 9001.294, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 9007.737, 'text': 'But, yeah.', 'start': 9006.296, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 9009.658, 'text': 'Depending on the moment of the day.', 'start': 9008.497, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 9009.938, 'text': "Yeah, there's..", 'start': 9009.678, 'duration': 0.26}, {'end': 9017.203, 'text': 'Like what Bukowski described as that moment where you go from being in love to having a different kind of love.', 'start': 9011.297, 'duration': 5.906}], 'summary': 'Lex has made a lot of progress with the book, discussing modular love and transitions.', 'duration': 29.674, 'max_score': 8987.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48987529.jpg'}], 'start': 8156.025, 'title': 'Life lessons and leadership insights', 'summary': "Delves into life advice for young people, startup leadership insights, love's role in success, and jim keller's insights on love, engineering, and legacy, emphasizing self-discovery, work-life balance, understanding people in startups, and the impact of love on work and relationships.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8456.716, 'start': 8156.025, 'title': 'Life advice for young people', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of self-discovery, pursuing passions, avoiding debt, independent thinking, and maintaining work-life balance for young individuals, and highlights the need for self-exploration, resistance to depression, and facing fears.', 'duration': 300.691, 'highlights': ["Self-discovery and pursuing passions are essential for a fulfilling life, as individuals need to love what they're doing to excel and avoid wasting time on unfulfilling activities.", "Avoiding massive student debts and being cautious of falling into the ruts of old generations' influence is crucial for young people's success and well-being.", 'Independent thinking is emphasized to prevent being captured by groupthink and memes, which can lead to an unfulfilling and boring life.', 'Maintaining a work-life balance, pursuing different interests, and being resistant to deep dips into depression are important for overall mental well-being and fulfillment.', 'Facing fears, exploring uncharted territory, and understanding that embarrassment is a useless thought are highlighted as ways to overcome personal limitations and live a more fulfilling life.']}, {'end': 8703.25, 'start': 8457.176, 'title': 'Startup leadership insights', 'summary': 'Discusses the goal of breaking free from mental cages, the importance of understanding people in building successful startups, and the impact of a and b players in organizational leadership.', 'duration': 246.074, 'highlights': ['Understanding people and their behavior is crucial for successful startup leadership. To lead and build a team, one must be really interested in how people work and think. Successful startups often have founders who understand people, even if they lack this understanding themselves.', "The impact of A and B players in organizational leadership and the need for resistance to B player dominance. Steve Jobs' idea of A players and B players suggests that one B player in a room of A players can be destructive. Big organizations need to resist B player dominance but also value and reward those who do menial jobs.", "The goal of breaking free from mental cages and the concept of enlightenment. The discussion revolves around the goal of breaking free from mental cages and the concept of enlightenment, with the idea that even enlightened individuals may still perceive a 'cage' in life."]}, {'end': 8968.082, 'start': 8705.103, 'title': "Love's role in success", 'summary': 'Discusses the functional role of love in generating novelty and newness, its impact on work-life balance, and the different types of love, highlighting the significance of love in creating families, communities, and supporting individuals despite lacking affection.', 'duration': 262.979, 'highlights': ["Love's functional role generates novelty and newness, impacting work-life balance and success. Love is functional in generating newness and novelty, affecting work-life balance and optimizing work potential, as it creates a sense of spaciousness and helps in thinking and making one strong.", 'Different types of love play a significant role in creating families, communities, and supporting individuals despite lacking affection. Various types of love, such as parental love and mature love, contribute to creating families and communities and provide support even in the absence of emotional attachment.', 'Physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual love are different and should be differentiated. Physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual love are distinct and should be differentiated, as some individuals may be addicted to physical love without understanding emotional or intellectual love.']}, {'end': 9545.867, 'start': 8968.102, 'title': "Jim keller's insights on love, engineering, and legacy", 'summary': "Covers jim keller's insights on love, engineering, and legacy, including the importance of modularity in relationships, the impact of political skills in the tech industry, and his aspirations for his legacy including being remembered as a legend and building a pyramid.", 'duration': 577.765, 'highlights': ['Jim Keller emphasizes the importance of modularity in relationships and the transition from being in love to having different kinds of love, emphasizing that long-lasting relationships and deeper meanings provide more fun and surprises than short-lived experiences.', "He reflects on his regrets, particularly regarding his reactions to people's actions, expressing his realization that understanding and analyzing people's behavior has reduced his surprise and hurt, leading to a more tempered response to negative actions.", 'Keller discusses the significance of political skills in the tech industry, particularly at Apple, highlighting the effectiveness of coordinating thousands of people through political strategies to achieve complex goals and expressing regret for not paying more attention to the human layer of the stack in his earlier career.', "He shares his aspirations for his legacy, expressing his daughter's attempt to edit his Wikipedia page to label him a legend and a guru, and his interest in being remembered for building a pyramid and having his Wikipedia page updated by his daughter periodically."]}], 'duration': 1389.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/G4hL5Om4IJ4/pics/G4hL5Om4IJ48156025.jpg', 'highlights': ['Understanding people and their behavior is crucial for successful startup leadership.', "Love's functional role generates novelty and newness, impacting work-life balance and success.", 'Jim Keller emphasizes the importance of modularity in relationships and the transition from being in love to having different kinds of love.', "Avoiding massive student debts and being cautious of falling into the ruts of old generations' influence is crucial for young people's success and well-being.", 'Different types of love play a significant role in creating families, communities, and supporting individuals despite lacking affection.']}], 'highlights': ['Jim Keller is a legendary microprocessor architect, widely seen as one of the greatest engineering minds of the computing age.', 'The conversation covers topics such as computing, artificial intelligence, consciousness, and life.', 'An innovative idea in branch prediction significantly improved computer performance and is now universally adopted, demonstrating the profound impact of innovative ideas in computer design.', 'The impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior and its potential disagreement with the notion of prioritizing confrontation before kindness is mentioned.', 'The development of TenStorm for native graph processing, with the mention of its early stage and the involvement of Labija Bajac, indicating the potential for a significant shift in computing architecture towards graph-based efficiency.', "The Grace Call Processor outperforms Nvidia's Tesla T4 system at 368 trillion operations per second, indicating significant real-world performance improvements.", 'The concept of ideas as organisms and the role of individual and collective thinking in society are examined, emphasizing the creative tension and potential for collective growth.', 'The potential future of Earth being a computing surface and the idea of turning everything into computing, leading towards a simulation.', 'The distributed power of a large group challenging elite hedge funds, as seen in the GameStop-Wall Street Bets saga, reflecting a theme of distributed power in the conversation.', 'Understanding people and their behavior is crucial for successful startup leadership.']}