title
DeepMind AlphaFold: A Gift To Humanity! 🧬

description
❤️ Train a neural network and track your experiments with Weights & Biases here: http://wandb.me/paperintro 📝 The paper "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with #AlphaFold" is available here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2 https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology Protein database: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/ More on this: https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology https://deepmind.com/research/case-studies/alphafold https://deepmind.com/blog/article/putting-the-power-of-alphafold-into-the-worlds-hands ❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube: - https://www.patreon.com/TwoMinutePapers - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbfYPyITQ-7l4upoX8nvctg/join 🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible: Aleksandr Mashrabov, Alex Balfanz, Alex Haro, Andrew Melnychuk, Angelos Evripiotis, Benji Rabhan, Bryan Learn, Christian Ahlin, Eric Martel, Gordon Child, Ivo Galic, Jace O'Brien, Javier Bustamante, John Le, Jonas, Jonathan, Kenneth Davis, Klaus Busse, Lorin Atzberger, Lukas Biewald, Matthew Allen Fisher, Michael Albrecht, Michael Tedder, Nikhil Velpanur, Owen Campbell-Moore, Owen Skarpness, Paul F, Rajarshi Nigam, Ramsey Elbasheer, Steef, Taras Bobrovytsky, Ted Johnson, Thomas Krcmar, Timothy Sum Hon Mun, Torsten Reil, Tybie Fitzhugh, Ueli Gallizzi. If you wish to appear here or pick up other perks, click here: https://www.patreon.com/TwoMinutePapers Thumbnail background design: Felícia Zsolnai-Fehér - http://felicia.hu Chapters: 00:00 What is protein folding? 01:00 Is it so hard! 04:08 CASP 05:15 AlphaFold's results 06:41 Let's look inside! 07:41 Iterative refinement 08:41 Convolutional neural networks 08:51 Transformers 09:55 Everything matters! 10:58 Adding physics knowledge 13:00 What is this good for? 13:33 A gift to humanity! 14:05 Future works 14:56 AlphaFold's weaknesses 15:16 An important message Meet and discuss your ideas with other Fellow Scholars on the Two Minute Papers Discord: https://discordapp.com/invite/hbcTJu2 Károly Zsolnai-Fehér's links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/twominutepapers/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/twominutepapers Web: https://cg.tuwien.ac.at/~zsolnai/

detail
{'title': 'DeepMind AlphaFold: A Gift To Humanity! 🧬', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1055.469, 'start': 1033.096, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Deepmind's alphafold, an ai, achieved unprecedented accuracy in predicting protein folding, reaching around 90 marks, three times better than previous solutions, with the ability to train in two weeks and produce 3d protein structures in about a minute, offering valuable contributions to drug development and understanding human biology.", 'chapters': [{'end': 56.263, 'segs': [{'end': 56.263, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26.739, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 37.104, 'text': 'So, what is AlphaFold? AlphaFold is an AI that is capable of solving protein structure prediction, which we will refer to as protein folding.', 'start': 26.739, 'duration': 10.365}, {'end': 48.674, 'text': 'Okay, but what is a protein, and why does it need folding? A protein is a string of amino acids, these are the building blocks of life.', 'start': 37.924, 'duration': 10.75}, {'end': 53.98, 'text': 'This is what goes in, which in reality has a 3D structure.', 'start': 49.355, 'duration': 4.625}, {'end': 56.263, 'text': 'And that is protein folding.', 'start': 54.581, 'duration': 1.682}], 'summary': 'Alphafold is an ai capable of solving protein structure prediction, essential for understanding 3d protein structure.', 'duration': 29.524, 'max_score': 26.739, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q26739.jpg'}], 'start': 0.209, 'title': 'Alphafold revolutionizing protein structure prediction', 'summary': 'Discusses alphafold, an ai that has achieved unprecedented accuracy in predicting protein folding, marking a historic breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 56.263, 'start': 0.209, 'title': 'Alphafold: revolutionizing protein structure prediction', 'summary': 'Discusses alphafold, an ai that has revolutionized protein structure prediction by achieving unprecedented accuracy in predicting protein folding, which is crucial for understanding the 3d structure of amino acids, marking a historic breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics.', 'duration': 56.054, 'highlights': ['AlphaFold is an AI that has achieved unprecedented accuracy in solving protein structure prediction, marking a historic breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics.', 'Proteins are strings of amino acids, crucial for life, and understanding their 3D structure is imperative for various scientific and medical applications.', 'Protein folding, the process of determining the 3D structure of proteins, has been revolutionized by AlphaFold, which is a significant contribution to the field of bioinformatics.']}], 'duration': 56.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q209.jpg', 'highlights': ['AlphaFold achieved unprecedented accuracy in solving protein structure prediction, marking a historic breakthrough in bioinformatics.', 'Understanding protein 3D structure is imperative for scientific and medical applications.', 'Protein folding has been revolutionized by AlphaFold, a significant contribution to bioinformatics.']}, {'end': 399.644, 'segs': [{'end': 173.338, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 112.52, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 114.301, 'text': 'One algorithm, one game.', 'start': 112.52, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 118.704, 'text': 'If you want it to play a different game, you write a different algorithm.', 'start': 114.802, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 122.487, 'text': 'And yes, that is the key difference.', 'start': 119.625, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 131.673, 'text': "DeepMind's chess AI is a general learning algorithm that can learn many games, for instance, Japanese chess Shogi 2.", 'start': 123.027, 'duration': 8.646}, {'end': 134.615, 'text': 'One algorithm, many games.', 'start': 131.673, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 140.337, 'text': 'And yes, chess is hard, but these days, the AI can manage.', 'start': 135.415, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 143.298, 'text': 'Then, Go is the next level.', 'start': 141.077, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 147.08, 'text': 'This is not just hard, it is really hard.', 'start': 143.898, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 155.884, 'text': "The space of possible moves is significantly bigger, and we can't just evaluate all the long-term effects of our moves.", 'start': 147.8, 'duration': 8.084}, {'end': 164.251, 'text': "it is even more hopeless than chess, and that's often why people say that this game requires some sort of intuition to play.", 'start': 155.884, 'duration': 8.367}, {'end': 173.338, 'text': "But, DeepMind's AI solved that too, and beat the world champion Go player 4-1 in a huge media event.", 'start': 164.931, 'duration': 8.407}], 'summary': "Deepmind's ai can learn and excel at multiple games, including chess and go, beating the world champion go player 4-1.", 'duration': 60.818, 'max_score': 112.52, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q112520.jpg'}, {'end': 307.176, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 250.408, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 255.933, 'text': "I've heard DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis call it the Olympics of protein folding.", 'start': 250.408, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 265.222, 'text': 'If you look at how teams of scientists prepare for this event, you will probably agree that yes, this is indeed the Olympics of protein folding.', 'start': 256.534, 'duration': 8.688}, {'end': 271.861, 'text': 'At about a score of 90, we can think of protein folding as a mostly solved problem.', 'start': 265.979, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 274.803, 'text': 'But no need to worry about definitions though.', 'start': 272.462, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 279.004, 'text': 'Look, we are not even close to 90.', 'start': 275.503, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 280.645, 'text': 'And it gets even worse.', 'start': 279.004, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 284.987, 'text': 'Look, this GDT score means the global distance test.', 'start': 281.185, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 291.629, 'text': 'This is a measure of similarity between the predicted and the real protein structure.', 'start': 285.487, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 294.29, 'text': 'And…wait a second.', 'start': 292.31, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 301.374, 'text': 'What? The results are not only not too good, but they appear to get worse over time.', 'start': 294.931, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 307.176, 'text': 'Is that true? What is going on here? Well, there is an explanation.', 'start': 302.214, 'duration': 4.962}], 'summary': 'Protein folding is a challenging problem, with a gdt score indicating worsening results over time.', 'duration': 56.768, 'max_score': 250.408, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q250408.jpg'}, {'end': 399.644, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 338.479, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 340.061, 'text': 'But, we are not done here.', 'start': 338.479, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 342.583, 'text': 'No no, not even close.', 'start': 340.741, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 350.87, 'text': 'If you have been holding onto your papers so far, now squeeze that paper, because what you see here is old news.', 'start': 343.123, 'duration': 7.747}, {'end': 355.234, 'text': 'Only two years later, AlphaFold 2 appeared.', 'start': 351.61, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 358.136, 'text': 'And, just look at that.', 'start': 356.174, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 360.617, 'text': 'It came in guns blazing.', 'start': 358.696, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 368.342, 'text': "So much so that the result is…I can't believe it, it is around the 90 mark.", 'start': 361.218, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 372.605, 'text': 'My goodness, that is history in the making.', 'start': 369.143, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 379.39, 'text': 'Yes, this is the place on the internet where we get unreasonably excited by a large blue bar.', 'start': 373.446, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 381.695, 'text': 'Welcome to Two Minute Papers.', 'start': 380.174, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 392.62, 'text': 'But, what does this really mean? Well, in absolute terms, AlphaFold 2 is considered to be about three times better than previous solutions.', 'start': 382.415, 'duration': 10.205}, {'end': 395.942, 'text': 'And all that in just two years.', 'start': 393.321, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 399.644, 'text': 'That is a miracle, right in front of our eyes.', 'start': 396.602, 'duration': 3.042}], 'summary': 'Alphafold 2 achieved around 90 accuracy, three times better in two years.', 'duration': 61.165, 'max_score': 338.479, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q338479.jpg'}], 'start': 56.944, 'title': "Ai's triumph over complexity, protein folding, and alphafold's evolution", 'summary': "Highlights deepmind's ai surpassing human intuition in tackling complex games, emphasizes the challenge of protein folding compared to games like chess and go, and discusses alphafold's remarkable progress reaching around 90 marks, three times better than previous solutions.", 'chapters': [{'end': 221.855, 'start': 56.944, 'title': "Ai's triumph over complexity", 'summary': "Highlights the remarkable feats of deepmind's ai in tackling games like chess and go, and the formidable challenge of protein folding, showcasing the ai's ability to surpass human intuition and problem-solving in complex domains.", 'duration': 164.911, 'highlights': ["DeepMind's AI mastered the game of Go and defeated the world champion 4-1, showcasing its ability to tackle highly complex and intuitive games. The AI's victory over the world champion in Go by a score of 4-1 demonstrates its remarkable ability to handle complex and intuitive games, surpassing human intuition.", "DeepMind's AI's general learning algorithm can learn multiple games using one algorithm, distinguishing it from previous handcrafted techniques like Deep Blue for chess. DeepMind's AI's general learning algorithm can learn multiple games using a single algorithm, in contrast to previous handcrafted techniques, such as Deep Blue for chess, which required separate algorithms for different games.", 'The complexity of protein folding poses a significant challenge due to the vast search space and the absence of a perfect scoring function, making it exceedingly difficult to define the learning objectives. The complexity of protein folding, with its vast search space and lack of a perfect scoring function, presents a formidable challenge in defining learning objectives, contributing to its exceptional difficulty.']}, {'end': 307.176, 'start': 222.495, 'title': 'Protein folding: a challenge beyond games', 'summary': 'Discusses the immense challenge of protein folding, highlighting the complexity through the comparison with games like chess, go, and starcraft 2, and emphasizes the importance of the casp event, indicating the unresolved nature of protein folding as evidenced by the low gdt scores.', 'duration': 84.681, 'highlights': ["The CASP event is referred to as the 'Olympics of protein folding', emphasizing the significance and complexity of the protein folding challenge. DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis calls CASP the 'Olympics of protein folding', highlighting its importance and complexity.", 'Protein folding is described as a mostly unsolved problem with a score of less than 90, indicating the immense challenge it presents. Protein folding is considered a mostly unsolved problem with a score of less than 90, highlighting its complexity.', 'The GDT score, a measure of similarity between predicted and real protein structure, is indicated to be low and possibly worsening over time, underscoring the difficulty in accurately predicting protein structures. The GDT score, a measure of similarity between predicted and real protein structure, is low and possibly worsening over time, indicating the challenge in accurately predicting protein structures.']}, {'end': 399.644, 'start': 307.837, 'title': "Ai's evolution: alphafold's remarkable progress", 'summary': 'Discusses the significant improvement in ai-based solution alphafold, with alphafold 2 being around 90 marks, approximately three times better than previous solutions, within just two years.', 'duration': 91.807, 'highlights': ['AlphaFold 2 achieves a remarkable result of around the 90 mark, signifying a substantial improvement in performance compared to previous methods.', 'The AI-based solution, AlphaFold 2, is considered to be approximately three times better than previous solutions, demonstrating a remarkable advancement in just two years.', 'The competition gets harder over time, with AlphaFold 2 surpassing its predecessor and previous methods, showcasing a notable improvement in AI technology.']}], 'duration': 342.7, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q56944.jpg', 'highlights': ['AlphaFold 2 achieves a remarkable result of around the 90 mark, signifying a substantial improvement in performance compared to previous methods.', 'The AI-based solution, AlphaFold 2, is considered to be approximately three times better than previous solutions, demonstrating a remarkable advancement in just two years.', "DeepMind's AI mastered the game of Go and defeated the world champion 4-1, showcasing its ability to tackle highly complex and intuitive games.", "The AI's victory over the world champion in Go by a score of 4-1 demonstrates its remarkable ability to handle complex and intuitive games, surpassing human intuition.", "DeepMind's AI's general learning algorithm can learn multiple games using a single algorithm, in contrast to previous handcrafted techniques, such as Deep Blue for chess, which required separate algorithms for different games.", 'The complexity of protein folding, with its vast search space and lack of a perfect scoring function, presents a formidable challenge in defining learning objectives, contributing to its exceptional difficulty.', "The CASP event is referred to as the 'Olympics of protein folding', emphasizing the significance and complexity of the protein folding challenge.", 'Protein folding is considered a mostly unsolved problem with a score of less than 90, highlighting its complexity.', 'The GDT score, a measure of similarity between predicted and real protein structure, is low and possibly worsening over time, indicating the challenge in accurately predicting protein structures.']}, {'end': 1059.674, 'segs': [{'end': 479.458, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 452.423, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 458.088, 'text': 'One, AlphaFold2 is an end-to-end network that can perform iterative refinement.', 'start': 452.423, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 459.549, 'text': 'What do these mean?', 'start': 458.768, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 471.019, 'text': 'What this means is that everything needed to solve the task is learned by the network and that it starts out from a rough initial guess and then it gradually improves it.', 'start': 460.089, 'duration': 10.93}, {'end': 475.837, 'text': 'You see this process here, and it truly is a sight to behold.', 'start': 471.539, 'duration': 4.298}, {'end': 479.458, 'text': 'Two, it uses an attention-based model.', 'start': 476.997, 'duration': 2.461}], 'summary': 'Alphafold2 is an end-to-end network that iteratively refines and uses an attention-based model.', 'duration': 27.035, 'max_score': 452.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q452423.jpg'}, {'end': 585.712, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 560.585, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 565.91, 'text': 'They are still quite new, just a few years old, and are already making breakthroughs.', 'start': 560.585, 'duration': 5.325}, {'end': 569.493, 'text': 'So why use them for protein folding?', 'start': 566.831, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 579.042, 'text': 'Well, things that are 200 amino acids apart in the text description can still be right next to each other in the 3D space.', 'start': 570.114, 'duration': 8.928}, {'end': 585.712, 'text': 'Yes, now we know that for that, we need attention networks, for instance, a transformer.', 'start': 579.847, 'duration': 5.865}], 'summary': 'New protein folding technology showing early success in breakthroughs.', 'duration': 25.127, 'max_score': 560.585, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q560585.jpg'}, {'end': 796.122, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 766.089, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 775.278, 'text': 'Well, after this step is done, the AI can be given a new input and will be able to create this 3D structure in about a minute.', 'start': 766.089, 'duration': 9.189}, {'end': 780.824, 'text': 'And we can then reuse this trained neural network for as long as we wish.', 'start': 776.239, 'duration': 4.585}, {'end': 786.254, 'text': 'Whew So, this is a lot of trouble to fold these proteins.', 'start': 782.011, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 796.122, 'text': "So, what is all this good for? The list of applications is very impressive, I'll give you just a small subset of them that I really liked.", 'start': 786.935, 'duration': 9.187}], 'summary': 'Ai can create 3d structure in about a minute and the trained neural network can be reused for various applications.', 'duration': 30.033, 'max_score': 766.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q766089.jpg'}, {'end': 918.789, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 867.296, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 875.323, 'text': 'Something like this costs a ton to develop and note that it is not easy, or maybe not even possible,', 'start': 867.296, 'duration': 8.027}, {'end': 879.267, 'text': 'to immediately make a product out of this and monetize it.', 'start': 875.323, 'duration': 3.944}, {'end': 883.062, 'text': 'This truly is a gift to humanity,', 'start': 879.941, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 890.966, 'text': 'and a project like this can only emerge from proper long-term thinking that focuses on what matters in the long term.', 'start': 883.062, 'duration': 7.904}, {'end': 894.487, 'text': 'Not just thinking about what is right now.', 'start': 891.706, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 899.911, 'text': 'Bravo! Now, of course, not even AlphaFold2 is perfect.', 'start': 895.288, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 909.06, 'text': "For instance, it's not always very confident about its own solutions, and it also performs poorly in antibody interactions.", 'start': 900.372, 'duration': 8.688}, {'end': 916.387, 'text': 'Both of these are subject to intense scrutiny, and follow-up papers are already appearing in these directions.', 'start': 909.681, 'duration': 6.706}, {'end': 918.789, 'text': 'Now, one last thing.', 'start': 917.288, 'duration': 1.501}], 'summary': 'Alphafold2 is a gift to humanity, with some limitations and ongoing improvements.', 'duration': 51.493, 'max_score': 867.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q867296.jpg'}, {'end': 1055.469, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1033.096, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1052.486, 'text': 'Make sure to use the link wnb.me slash paper intro or just click the link in the video description and try this 10-minute example of weights and biases today to experience the wonderful feeling of training a neural network and being in control of your experiments.', 'start': 1033.096, 'duration': 19.39}, {'end': 1055.469, 'text': "after you try it, you won't want to go back.", 'start': 1053.366, 'duration': 2.103}], 'summary': 'Experience the 10-minute example of weights and biases for training neural networks and controlling experiments.', 'duration': 22.373, 'max_score': 1033.096, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q1033096.jpg'}], 'start': 400.504, 'title': "Alphafold's impact on protein folding", 'summary': "Explores alphafold2's crucial elements and the use of attention-based models like transformers for protein folding, while also highlighting alphafold's breakthrough in protein folding, with the ability to train the ai in two weeks and produce 3d protein structures in about a minute, offering valuable contributions to drug development and understanding human biology.", 'chapters': [{'end': 585.712, 'start': 400.504, 'title': "Alphafold2: ai's impact on protein folding", 'summary': 'Explores the key elements of the alphafold2 ai system, emphasizing that every part is crucial, and the use of attention-based models like transformers for protein folding due to their ability to capture long-range dependencies in 3d space.', 'duration': 185.208, 'highlights': ['AlphaFold2 is an end-to-end network that can perform iterative refinement, learning everything needed to solve the task by starting from a rough initial guess and gradually improving it. AlphaFold2 uses an end-to-end network for iterative refinement, learning all necessary information and gradually improving the task.', "DeepMind's ablation study found that every part of the system mattered, with few exceptions, but none of the techniques are a silver bullet. DeepMind's ablation study revealed that every part of the system was crucial, with few exceptions, emphasizing the absence of a single 'silver bullet' technique.", 'The use of attention-based models like transformers is important for protein folding, as they are effective in capturing long-range dependencies in 3D space, which is crucial for tasks such as recognizing distant relationships between amino acids. The use of attention-based models like transformers is crucial for capturing long-range dependencies in 3D space, making them effective for tasks such as recognizing distant relationships between amino acids in protein folding.']}, {'end': 1059.674, 'start': 586.333, 'title': 'Alphafold: revolutionizing protein folding', 'summary': 'Discusses the breakthrough in protein folding achieved by alphafold, an end-to-end learning system developed by deepmind, with the ability to train the ai in just two weeks and produce 3d protein structures in about a minute, offering a gift to humanity by making its predictions public for developing new drugs and providing a tool for better understanding the human body and creating solutions for diseases and environmental issues.', 'duration': 473.341, 'highlights': ["AlphaFold can train the AI in as little as two weeks and produce 3D protein structures in about a minute. DeepMind's AlphaFold can rapidly train its AI and generate 3D protein structures in a remarkably short time, revolutionizing the process of protein folding.", "AlphaFold's predictions are publicly available, enabling the development of new drugs and solutions for diseases and environmental issues. DeepMind's AlphaFold has made its 3D protein structure predictions public, providing a valuable resource for developing new drugs, understanding the human body, and addressing environmental challenges.", "The project is a gift to humanity, reflecting proper long-term thinking and focusing on what matters in the long term. AlphaFold's contribution is regarded as a gift to humanity, stemming from long-term thinking and a focus on addressing critical issues for the benefit of society."]}], 'duration': 659.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FYVf0bRgO5Q/pics/FYVf0bRgO5Q400504.jpg', 'highlights': ['AlphaFold2 uses an end-to-end network for iterative refinement, learning all necessary information and gradually improving the task.', 'The use of attention-based models like transformers is crucial for capturing long-range dependencies in 3D space, making them effective for tasks such as recognizing distant relationships between amino acids in protein folding.', 'AlphaFold can train the AI in as little as two weeks and produce 3D protein structures in about a minute.', "AlphaFold's predictions are publicly available, enabling the development of new drugs and solutions for diseases and environmental issues.", 'The project is a gift to humanity, reflecting proper long-term thinking and focusing on what matters in the long term.']}], 'highlights': ['AlphaFold achieved unprecedented accuracy in solving protein structure prediction, marking a historic breakthrough in bioinformatics.', 'AlphaFold 2 achieves a remarkable result of around the 90 mark, signifying a substantial improvement in performance compared to previous methods.', 'Understanding protein 3D structure is imperative for scientific and medical applications.', 'The AI-based solution, AlphaFold 2, is considered to be approximately three times better than previous solutions, demonstrating a remarkable advancement in just two years.', "DeepMind's AI mastered the game of Go and defeated the world champion 4-1, showcasing its ability to tackle highly complex and intuitive games.", 'AlphaFold can train the AI in as little as two weeks and produce 3D protein structures in about a minute.', "AlphaFold's predictions are publicly available, enabling the development of new drugs and solutions for diseases and environmental issues.", 'The project is a gift to humanity, reflecting proper long-term thinking and focusing on what matters in the long term.']}