title
Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture | IoT Tutorial for Beginners | IoT Training | Edureka

description
** Edureka IoT Training : https://www.edureka.co/iot-certification-training ** This "IoT Architecture" video will explain different layers of IoT architecture & the complete architecture of an IoT solution. This IoT Architecture video covers the following topics: 1. Introduction to IoT 2. Basic IoT Architecture 3. 5 Layer IoT Architecture 4. Cloud Computing in IoT 5. Fog Computing in IoT 6. IoT Taxonomy 7. Perception Layer 8. Pre-processing Layer 9. Communication Layer 10. Middleware Layer 11. Application Layer Subscribe to our Edureka channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV #edureka #iotedureka #iotprojects #internetofthingsapplications #iottutorial #iotexplained #whatisiot #iot #iottutorial #internetofthings #iotonlinetraining #iotforbeginners -------------------------- About our IoT Training IoT Certification Training is designed by industry experts to make you a Certified IoT Developer. Edureka IoT training covers: Understanding of IoT architecture and IoT Decision Framework Configure Raspberry Pi, Understand Sensors, Actuators & get started with python on Raspberry Pi Program Sensors (Sense-HAT board), Face Detection and reorganization using OpenCV-Python Understand various IoT Networking Protocols which are mainly used to develop communication solutions Getting started with Cloud and Azure IoT Hub, demonstration of Azure IoT Hub APIs Architect an End-to-End Solution using Raspberry Pi, Sense HAT, and Azure Perform Data Analytics on the collected sensor data, use prediction algorithms to get useful insights IoT challenges, business solutions, research scope and current development, Alexa Voice Bot on Raspberry Pi -------------------------- Who should go for this IoT Training? This IoT Certification Training on Azure is for all the professionals who are passionate about work with IoT devices and want to go ahead and make their career as an IoT Developer. It is best suited for individuals who are: Software Developers who are venturing into IoT space Solution Architects Technical Architects Students who seek IoT knowledge Business Executives and Managers who want to understand the essentials of IoT ------------------- Why Learn IoT? Internet of Things is considered as the next big technology revolution after invention of the Internet. It is supposed to make tremendous impacts on lives and may possibly lead to the betterment of millions of lives throughout the world. According to Cisco, over 50 million devices are expected to be connected to IoT by 2020. Healthcare, Logistics, Aviation, Education, Information Technology name any thing and IoT will become an integral part of all these verticals. Internet of Things is believed to bring about the singularity which will ultimately converge into becoming the Internet of Everything. IoT has, therefore, become a leading interest of technologists globally and is perceived to be the NEXT BIG THING in IT industry. Learning IoT will not only provide you a career boost but you will also be able to gain insights on how technology has affected the world and will continue to do so in the coming decades. For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll-free). Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka Customer Review: Michael Harkins, System Architect, Hortonworks says: “The courses are top rate. The best part is live instruction, with playback. But my favourite feature is viewing a previous class. Also, they are always there to answer questions, and prompt when you open an issue if you are having any trouble. Added bonus ~ you get lifetime access to the course you took!!! ~ This is the killer education app... I've taken two courses, and I'm taking two more.”

detail
{'title': 'Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture | IoT Tutorial for Beginners | IoT Training | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 141.893, 'start': 78.179, 'weight': 0.788}, {'end': 281.494, 'start': 197.88, 'weight': 0.702}], 'summary': 'This iot tutorial covers iot architecture overview, system architecture, and edge computing, monitoring power consumption, system layers, smart gateway importance, iot network protocols, and challenges of iot middleware, providing insights into real-world examples and the predicted 40 billion devices by 2020.', 'chapters': [{'end': 62.828, 'segs': [{'end': 62.828, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25.556, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 36.598, 'text': 'now, Internet of Things aims to create a world where all the devices and appliances are actually connected to a network and in turn actually collaborate with each other to complete complex tasks,', 'start': 25.556, 'duration': 11.042}, {'end': 38.699, 'text': 'which requires a high degree of intelligence.', 'start': 36.598, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 47.542, 'text': 'The objective or the intention here is to help everyone ease up their tasks or day-to-day challenges and this can be done using various devices.', 'start': 39.179, 'duration': 8.363}, {'end': 51.724, 'text': "That's out there using a connection as a network or a medium with respect to it.", 'start': 47.582, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 54.845, 'text': 'And in this case the medium becomes the internet.', 'start': 52.044, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 61.447, 'text': 'now, another definition of Internet of Things is it is an interaction between the physical and digital world, using sensors,', 'start': 54.845, 'duration': 6.602}, {'end': 62.828, 'text': 'and actuators for that matter.', 'start': 61.447, 'duration': 1.381}], 'summary': 'Internet of things creates networked devices collaborating for complex tasks, easing day-to-day challenges using sensors and actuators.', 'duration': 37.272, 'max_score': 25.556, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A25556.jpg'}], 'start': 6.92, 'title': 'Iot architecture overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of internet of things, emphasizing its objective to connect devices and appliances to collaborate on complex tasks using various devices and sensors, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges.', 'chapters': [{'end': 62.828, 'start': 6.92, 'title': 'Iot architecture overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of internet of things, emphasizing its objective to connect devices and appliances to collaborate on complex tasks using various devices and sensors, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges.', 'duration': 55.908, 'highlights': ['Internet of Things aims to create a world where devices and appliances are connected to a network, collaborating to complete complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges using various devices.', 'IoT involves an interaction between the physical and digital world using sensors and actuators.', 'IoT is defined as the objective to connect devices and appliances to collaborate on complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges.']}], 'duration': 55.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A6920.jpg', 'highlights': ['Internet of Things aims to create a world where devices and appliances are connected to a network, collaborating to complete complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges using various devices.', 'IoT involves an interaction between the physical and digital world using sensors and actuators.', 'IoT is defined as the objective to connect devices and appliances to collaborate on complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges.']}, {'end': 371.148, 'segs': [{'end': 141.893, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 78.179, 'weight': 0.788, 'content': [{'end': 85.445, 'text': "There's no single architectural design that's out there which is agreed universally, because each company, each organization,", 'start': 78.179, 'duration': 7.266}, {'end': 88.127, 'text': 'each user for that matter, has different requirements.', 'start': 85.445, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 90.028, 'text': 'And when we look down to it,', 'start': 88.547, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 98.252, 'text': 'we can break it down to a simple three-level architecture where and we have a perception layer where centers actually gather the information from the environment around it.', 'start': 90.028, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 100.713, 'text': "Okay, once this is done, I'm going to use.", 'start': 98.672, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 103.175, 'text': "I'm going to pass this information to the network layer.", 'start': 100.713, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 111.24, 'text': 'the network layer in itself takes up the responsibility of transferring this data from the sensors to the next layer, which is the application layer.', 'start': 103.175, 'duration': 8.065}, {'end': 118.666, 'text': 'now, here, the main objective, or the responsibility, is the application in itself delivers this information to the end user,', 'start': 111.24, 'duration': 7.426}, {'end': 120.287, 'text': 'or the end platform for that matter.', 'start': 118.666, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 124.395, 'text': 'This architecture can also be expanded to a five-layer architecture.', 'start': 120.831, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 128.479, 'text': "Now when I talk about a five-layer architecture, it's quite similar here itself.", 'start': 124.995, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 133.925, 'text': 'The difference mostly comes around with respect to the transport layer, the processing layer and the business layer,', 'start': 128.839, 'duration': 5.086}, {'end': 137.008, 'text': 'mostly here when we had three layers doing the earlier task.', 'start': 133.925, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 141.893, 'text': 'We have just broken this down so that we have an easier operation or a smoother system for that matter.', 'start': 137.248, 'duration': 4.645}], 'summary': 'Three-level architecture handles data transfer; can expand to five layers for easier operation.', 'duration': 63.714, 'max_score': 78.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A78179.jpg'}, {'end': 118.666, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 85.445, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 88.127, 'text': 'each user for that matter, has different requirements.', 'start': 85.445, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 90.028, 'text': 'And when we look down to it,', 'start': 88.547, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 98.252, 'text': 'we can break it down to a simple three-level architecture where and we have a perception layer where centers actually gather the information from the environment around it.', 'start': 90.028, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 100.713, 'text': "Okay, once this is done, I'm going to use.", 'start': 98.672, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 103.175, 'text': "I'm going to pass this information to the network layer.", 'start': 100.713, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 111.24, 'text': 'the network layer in itself takes up the responsibility of transferring this data from the sensors to the next layer, which is the application layer.', 'start': 103.175, 'duration': 8.065}, {'end': 118.666, 'text': 'now, here, the main objective, or the responsibility, is the application in itself delivers this information to the end user,', 'start': 111.24, 'duration': 7.426}], 'summary': 'A three-level architecture for data transfer to end users.', 'duration': 33.221, 'max_score': 85.445, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A85445.jpg'}, {'end': 153.226, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 124.995, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 128.479, 'text': "Now when I talk about a five-layer architecture, it's quite similar here itself.", 'start': 124.995, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 133.925, 'text': 'The difference mostly comes around with respect to the transport layer, the processing layer and the business layer,', 'start': 128.839, 'duration': 5.086}, {'end': 137.008, 'text': 'mostly here when we had three layers doing the earlier task.', 'start': 133.925, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 141.893, 'text': 'We have just broken this down so that we have an easier operation or a smoother system for that matter.', 'start': 137.248, 'duration': 4.645}, {'end': 147.359, 'text': 'Now again, the perception layer remains same when it gathers the information from the sensors,', 'start': 142.353, 'duration': 5.006}, {'end': 153.226, 'text': 'but the transport layer actually transports the data between the sensor to the processing center.', 'start': 147.359, 'duration': 5.867}], 'summary': 'Proposing a five-layer architecture with enhanced operational efficiency and improved data transportation.', 'duration': 28.231, 'max_score': 124.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A124995.jpg'}, {'end': 281.494, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 197.88, 'weight': 0.702, 'content': [{'end': 203.843, 'text': "Now let's say I'm working in an organization where we're using multiple pumps for different use features in different locations.", 'start': 197.88, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 208.445, 'text': 'for that matter, a business layer here actually monitors the complete functioning of these pumps.', 'start': 203.843, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 211.568, 'text': 'You can also have these in various cars as well.', 'start': 209.045, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 214.651, 'text': 'So what I would know here is, if a car is going to break down,', 'start': 211.868, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 219.636, 'text': 'then I also get an awareness with respect to that individual car and it also helps me enable,', 'start': 214.651, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 227.324, 'text': 'or helps me reach out to the closest customer care center so that it can assist the user coming down to how I can process it again.', 'start': 219.636, 'duration': 7.688}, {'end': 229.166, 'text': 'This can be divided into two segments.', 'start': 227.364, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 233.448, 'text': 'I have my cloud computing based processing wherein here is quite simple.', 'start': 229.626, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 242.633, 'text': 'Once I have the information, I pass it on to the cloud platform, which then in turn also processes it and also has various applications to deal with.', 'start': 233.868, 'duration': 8.765}, {'end': 244.434, 'text': 'this. process information for that matter.', 'start': 242.633, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 245.494, 'text': 'Now again,', 'start': 244.934, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 252.778, 'text': 'this is something that I can do on a system which does not require any immediate action and requires a large amount of processing for that segment.', 'start': 245.494, 'duration': 7.284}, {'end': 257.673, 'text': "But let's say I am in a system where I need immediate response in those cases.", 'start': 253.371, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 260.414, 'text': 'I can go with my fog computing now again.', 'start': 257.833, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 267.717, 'text': 'fog computing is something that represents a layered approach when we actually insert monitoring, pre-processing and storage,', 'start': 260.414, 'duration': 7.303}, {'end': 270.738, 'text': 'with the security layer between the physical and the transport lab.', 'start': 267.717, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 273.619, 'text': 'Let me just go back a few slides here to help you understand this.', 'start': 270.938, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 281.494, 'text': 'Now, if you actually look, my fork come closely, comes between these two layers, when I add four new layers, for that matter.', 'start': 274.392, 'duration': 7.102}], 'summary': 'Organization uses cloud and fog computing for monitoring and processing pump and car data to provide immediate responses and customer assistance.', 'duration': 83.614, 'max_score': 197.88, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A197880.jpg'}, {'end': 281.494, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 253.371, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 257.673, 'text': "But let's say I am in a system where I need immediate response in those cases.", 'start': 253.371, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 260.414, 'text': 'I can go with my fog computing now again.', 'start': 257.833, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 267.717, 'text': 'fog computing is something that represents a layered approach when we actually insert monitoring, pre-processing and storage,', 'start': 260.414, 'duration': 7.303}, {'end': 270.738, 'text': 'with the security layer between the physical and the transport lab.', 'start': 267.717, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 273.619, 'text': 'Let me just go back a few slides here to help you understand this.', 'start': 270.938, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 281.494, 'text': 'Now, if you actually look, my fork come closely, comes between these two layers, when I add four new layers, for that matter.', 'start': 274.392, 'duration': 7.102}], 'summary': 'Fog computing provides layered approach for monitoring, pre-processing, storage, and security between physical and transport layers.', 'duration': 28.123, 'max_score': 253.371, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A253371.jpg'}, {'end': 339.299, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 305.02, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 310.841, 'text': 'I detect this and what I do is that I allow the ambulance to move from this traffic signal by giving it a green light.', 'start': 305.02, 'duration': 5.821}, {'end': 315.982, 'text': "But what you need to understand is if I'm using a cloud computing this message has to be passed on to the cloud.", 'start': 311.241, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 321.163, 'text': 'This information has to be then processed and then correspondingly a map has also to be created.', 'start': 316.282, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 329.192, 'text': 'At the same time, when I use a fog approach, what happens is that all the pre-processing and the storage happens on the Gateway level itself.', 'start': 321.647, 'duration': 7.545}, {'end': 334.395, 'text': 'the information from the sensor goes all the way till the Gateway there in it, actually pre-processes,', 'start': 329.192, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 339.299, 'text': 'this stores the relevant information and sends this back to these corresponding sensors as well.', 'start': 334.395, 'duration': 4.904}], 'summary': 'Cloud computing involves passing messages to the cloud for processing, while a fog approach processes and stores information on the gateway level.', 'duration': 34.279, 'max_score': 305.02, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A305020.jpg'}], 'start': 63.348, 'title': 'Iot system architecture and edge computing in iot', 'summary': 'Discusses the architecture of iot systems, emphasizing the three-level and five-level architecture, and explores the use of fog computing in iot, showcasing benefits such as immediate response and enhanced security with a real-world example of traffic management and ambulance prioritization.', 'chapters': [{'end': 214.651, 'start': 63.348, 'title': 'Iot system architecture overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the three-level and five-level architecture of iot systems, highlighting the responsibility and functions of each layer and the potential mediums used for data transmission, aiming to provide a smoother and more efficient system for users and organizations.', 'duration': 151.303, 'highlights': ["The chapter outlines the three-level architecture of IoT systems, emphasizing the perception layer's role in gathering information, the network layer's responsibility for data transfer, and the application layer's objective of delivering information to end users. Three-level architecture", 'It explains the expansion to a five-layer architecture, detailing the additional layers such as the transport layer for data transmission, the processing layer for storing and analyzing information, and the business layer for monitoring devices in a large-scale environment. Five-layer architecture', 'The transcript highlights the various mediums used for data transmission in the IoT system, including wireless systems, Bluetooth, RFID, 3G, and NFC, providing flexibility and adaptability for data transfer. Multiple data transmission mediums']}, {'end': 371.148, 'start': 214.651, 'title': 'Edge computing in iot', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of fog computing in iot, highlighting its benefits in enabling immediate response and enhancing security, illustrated with a real-world example of traffic management and ambulance prioritization.', 'duration': 156.497, 'highlights': ['The fog computing approach enables immediate response and enhances security in IoT systems, as it allows for pre-processing and storage at the gateway level, illustrated with a real-world example of traffic signal manipulation for ambulance prioritization.', 'Cloud computing involves passing information to the cloud platform for processing and application, whereas fog computing allows pre-processing and storage at the gateway level, reducing the need for data transmission to the cloud and enabling immediate action, as exemplified by the traffic signal manipulation for ambulance prioritization.', 'The use of fog computing in IoT systems is illustrated through a real-world example of traffic signal manipulation for ambulance prioritization, showcasing the immediate response and security benefits of the approach in contrast to cloud computing.']}], 'duration': 307.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A63348.jpg', 'highlights': ['The five-layer architecture details additional layers for data transmission, storage, and analysis.', 'The three-level architecture emphasizes the roles of perception, network, and application layers.', 'Fog computing enables immediate response and enhances security in IoT systems.', 'Fog computing allows pre-processing and storage at the gateway level, reducing the need for data transmission to the cloud.', 'The use of fog computing is illustrated through a real-world example of traffic signal manipulation for ambulance prioritization.']}, {'end': 737.844, 'segs': [{'end': 410.041, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 372.282, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 380.006, 'text': 'Now talking about each one of these new layers when I come to the monitoring layer, what it actually does is it monitors the power consumption.', 'start': 372.282, 'duration': 7.724}, {'end': 385.529, 'text': 'It monitors each of these resources as well as their response and the services that are running on these resources.', 'start': 380.306, 'duration': 5.223}, {'end': 392.173, 'text': 'Now this in turn helps me monitor or gives me a complete idea of which are the services or which are the sensors which are working.', 'start': 386.009, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 396.515, 'text': 'Where are the challenges? What is the power consumption and how it works with respect to that same.', 'start': 392.333, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 399.596, 'text': 'Now, once I have information from these sensors,', 'start': 396.895, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 404.999, 'text': 'what you need to understand is that usually you work with thousands of sensors in a real-world environment.', 'start': 399.596, 'duration': 5.403}, {'end': 408.36, 'text': 'Now, I need to understand which are the necessary information.', 'start': 405.299, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 410.041, 'text': "So I'm going to do a level of filtering.", 'start': 408.6, 'duration': 1.441}], 'summary': 'New monitoring layer tracks power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding and filtering thousands of sensors in real-world environments.', 'duration': 37.759, 'max_score': 372.282, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A372282.jpg'}, {'end': 484.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 460.043, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 466.205, 'text': "But when I have a fork system, it's essential that this factor, or the security which deals with the encryption,", 'start': 460.043, 'duration': 6.162}, {'end': 471.307, 'text': 'which deals with the privacy of the information, the integrity of this information, is maintained.', 'start': 466.205, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 476.608, 'text': "now there's also a very interesting variation of this, which is called an edge computing system, where in,", 'start': 471.307, 'duration': 5.301}, {'end': 481.15, 'text': 'rather than doing all these operations after I have gathered this on the Gateway,', 'start': 476.608, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 484.891, 'text': 'I can do it on the individual nodes or individual sensors as well with respect to it.', 'start': 481.15, 'duration': 3.741}], 'summary': 'Ensuring security and privacy in fork systems and edge computing is crucial for maintaining data integrity.', 'duration': 24.848, 'max_score': 460.043, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A460043.jpg'}, {'end': 522.5, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 495.399, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 499.381, 'text': "Next Let's talk about the various taxonomy associated with internet of things.", 'start': 495.399, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 505.444, 'text': "Now, these are the key concepts or these are the key layers which are present with respect to most architectures that's out there.", 'start': 499.641, 'duration': 5.803}, {'end': 508.745, 'text': 'Now, as I said, this is a generic idea.', 'start': 505.684, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 515.889, 'text': "each person, or each system that's out there requires its own level of customization, requires its own level of approach to solve that problem.", 'start': 508.745, 'duration': 7.144}, {'end': 522.5, 'text': 'but these always remain the fundamental layers which are included in all the architectures out there first.', 'start': 516.238, 'duration': 6.262}], 'summary': 'Key layers in iot architectures are fundamental for customization and problem-solving.', 'duration': 27.101, 'max_score': 495.399, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A495399.jpg'}, {'end': 659.063, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 632.628, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 639.792, 'text': 'as such, one of the easiest example of sensors that can be seen on a daily basis is the sensors which are part of your mobile.', 'start': 632.628, 'duration': 7.164}, {'end': 641.032, 'text': 'you have a location sensor.', 'start': 639.792, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 646.936, 'text': 'You have a movement sensor camera in itself is actually another sensor your microphone your light sensor.', 'start': 641.072, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 651.518, 'text': 'These are all various important aspects of your mobile that we use on a daily basis.', 'start': 647.216, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 659.063, 'text': 'Apart from this, neural sensors, medical sensors, like the fitness bands that we use, health care bands which are used for heart patients.', 'start': 651.978, 'duration': 7.085}], 'summary': 'Daily sensors in mobiles include location, movement, camera, microphone, and light sensors. other examples are neural sensors and medical sensors, such as fitness and healthcare bands for heart patients.', 'duration': 26.435, 'max_score': 632.628, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A632628.jpg'}], 'start': 372.282, 'title': 'Monitoring power consumption in iot', 'summary': "Discusses monitoring layer's role in tracking power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding and filtering necessary information from thousands of sensors in a real-world environment, and the importance of fog computing and edge computing in iot.", 'chapters': [{'end': 410.041, 'start': 372.282, 'title': 'Monitoring power consumption in new layers', 'summary': "Discusses the monitoring layer's role in tracking power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding and filtering necessary information from thousands of sensors in a real-world environment.", 'duration': 37.759, 'highlights': ['The monitoring layer tracks power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding necessary information from thousands of sensors in a real-world environment.', 'Understanding power consumption and working with thousands of sensors in a real-world environment are key challenges addressed by the monitoring layer.', 'Filtering necessary information from thousands of sensors is essential for effective operation in a real-world environment.']}, {'end': 737.844, 'start': 410.101, 'title': 'Internet of things and fog computing', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of fog computing and edge computing in iot, the key layers in iot architectures, and various types and technologies of sensors including rfid.', 'duration': 327.743, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the importance of fog computing and edge computing in IoT, emphasizing the need for efficient processing and analytics to manage and utilize information effectively, and the role of security in ensuring data integrity and privacy. fog computing and edge computing, security, data integrity, privacy', 'The chapter outlines the key layers in IoT architectures, including the perception layer for gathering information from sensors, the processing layer for filtration and analytics, the communication layer for defining protocols and standards, the middleware for creating system abstraction, and the application layer for user experience enhancement and efficiency improvement. perception layer, processing layer, communication layer, middleware, application layer', 'The chapter provides insights into various types and technologies of sensors used in IoT, including examples such as location sensors, movement sensors, cameras, microphones, light sensors, neural sensors, medical sensors, environmental sensors, chemical or biosensors, infrared sensors, and RFID, with detailed explanations of RFID technologies and types. types of sensors, RFID technologies, RFID types']}], 'duration': 365.562, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A372282.jpg', 'highlights': ['The monitoring layer tracks power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding necessary information from thousands of sensors in a real-world environment.', 'Understanding power consumption and working with thousands of sensors in a real-world environment are key challenges addressed by the monitoring layer.', 'Filtering necessary information from thousands of sensors is essential for effective operation in a real-world environment.', 'The chapter discusses the importance of fog computing and edge computing in IoT, emphasizing the need for efficient processing and analytics to manage and utilize information effectively, and the role of security in ensuring data integrity and privacy.', 'The chapter outlines the key layers in IoT architectures, including the perception layer for gathering information from sensors, the processing layer for filtration and analytics, the communication layer for defining protocols and standards, the middleware for creating system abstraction, and the application layer for user experience enhancement and efficiency improvement.', 'The chapter provides insights into various types and technologies of sensors used in IoT, including examples such as location sensors, movement sensors, cameras, microphones, light sensors, neural sensors, medical sensors, environmental sensors, chemical or biosensors, infrared sensors, and RFID, with detailed explanations of RFID technologies and types.']}, {'end': 1173.54, 'segs': [{'end': 770.46, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 738.104, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 741.167, 'text': "Now again, these are something that's used in various applications.", 'start': 738.104, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 747.013, 'text': "That's out there now one key factor which is associated with the perception layer is an actuator.", 'start': 741.247, 'duration': 5.766}, {'end': 749.175, 'text': 'Now, when I talk about an actuator,', 'start': 747.353, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 755.702, 'text': 'it actually is a device which can affect a change in the environment by converting any sort of energy into another.', 'start': 749.175, 'duration': 6.527}, {'end': 758.425, 'text': 'now this could be a motor which is generating electricity.', 'start': 755.702, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 763.712, 'text': 'This could be a windmill which is converting the wind outside to you to of electric form as well.', 'start': 758.665, 'duration': 5.047}, {'end': 770.46, 'text': "And these are just some of the examples that's out there and actuators themselves play a very essential role in the perception layer.", 'start': 763.992, 'duration': 6.468}], 'summary': 'Actuators are essential in perception layer, converting energy into different forms, like motors and windmills.', 'duration': 32.356, 'max_score': 738.104, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A738104.jpg'}, {'end': 801.681, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 777.013, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 785.34, 'text': "let's actually try to understand the limitations of trying to process everything that we have on the cloud system, which is part of our ecosystem.", 'start': 777.013, 'duration': 8.327}, {'end': 790.605, 'text': 'Now when I talk about this one of the key or one of the biggest challenges for me is mobility.', 'start': 785.761, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 795.034, 'text': "Let's say my sensors are on devices which are in constant motion.", 'start': 791.01, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 801.681, 'text': 'Then it becomes a really high challenge for me to pass this information continuously to my cloud environment again.', 'start': 795.435, 'duration': 6.246}], 'summary': 'Processing data on the cloud faces challenges with mobility and continuous data transmission.', 'duration': 24.668, 'max_score': 777.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A777013.jpg'}, {'end': 854.432, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 831.172, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 838.178, 'text': "Now if I'm working on a critical system then real-time information is something that I highly depend on and that becomes a challenge as well.", 'start': 831.172, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 846.005, 'text': 'Now, if I really want to scale up, if I want to use a lot of devices, then my cloud computing system also needs to scale.', 'start': 838.519, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 852.63, 'text': "but there's always a chance to increase the latency because I'm working with multiple sensors or multiple devices.", 'start': 846.005, 'duration': 6.625}, {'end': 853.271, 'text': "that's out there.", 'start': 852.63, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 854.432, 'text': 'Imagine today.', 'start': 853.731, 'duration': 0.701}], 'summary': 'Real-time information is critical for scaling up cloud computing with multiple devices, but multiple sensors can increase latency.', 'duration': 23.26, 'max_score': 831.172, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A831172.jpg'}, {'end': 914.621, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 872.623, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 878.89, 'text': "If my cloud computing system cannot process this on a real time, then there's going to be a high challenge with respect to that sick.", 'start': 872.623, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 883.956, 'text': 'And this is exactly where the usage of smart gateways comes into a picture.', 'start': 879.311, 'duration': 4.645}, {'end': 888.204, 'text': 'This layer actually helps me process my data on real time.', 'start': 884.403, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 893.485, 'text': 'It also helps me filter the data on based on the priority or the requirement,', 'start': 888.444, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 898.686, 'text': 'and creates a local copy of whatever is needed or whatever needs to be taken forward.', 'start': 893.485, 'duration': 5.201}, {'end': 904.527, 'text': 'Now, when I come to the pre-processing layer or when I come to the features of fog computing for this matter,', 'start': 899.006, 'duration': 5.521}, {'end': 911.649, 'text': "there's a very low latency because the information does not have to go to the cloud system where in the processing needs to be taken up.", 'start': 904.527, 'duration': 7.122}, {'end': 914.621, 'text': 'It always is done on the Gateway level itself.', 'start': 912.05, 'duration': 2.571}], 'summary': 'Smart gateways enable real-time data processing with low latency, improving efficiency and reducing dependency on cloud computing.', 'duration': 41.998, 'max_score': 872.623, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A872623.jpg'}, {'end': 1104.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1075.141, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1082.308, 'text': 'Now NFC is actually a very short range wireless communication technology through which usually mobiles interact with each other,', 'start': 1075.141, 'duration': 7.167}, {'end': 1084.811, 'text': 'or a distance of us few centimeters for that matter.', 'start': 1082.308, 'duration': 2.503}, {'end': 1093.379, 'text': 'Now all the type of data can actually be transmitted between two NFC enabled devices in seconds by bringing them close to each other.', 'start': 1085.291, 'duration': 8.088}, {'end': 1104.242, 'text': 'Now, this intern is actually based on the RFID concept and it uses a variation of the magnetic field to communicate data between two NFC enabled devices.', 'start': 1093.82, 'duration': 10.422}], 'summary': 'Nfc technology enables short-range wireless communication for data transfer in seconds between devices.', 'duration': 29.101, 'max_score': 1075.141, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1075141.jpg'}], 'start': 738.104, 'title': 'Iot system layers and smart gateway importance', 'summary': "Covers essential layers of an iot system, including perception layer and actuator's role, and discusses challenges related to mobility, power consumption, and latency. it also emphasizes the significance of smart gateways in cloud computing for real-time data processing, low latency, efficient communication, and the use of nfc and wsn technologies.", 'chapters': [{'end': 872.063, 'start': 738.104, 'title': 'Iot system layers and challenges', 'summary': "Discusses the essential layers of an iot system, including the perception layer, actuator's role, and the challenges related to mobility, power consumption, and latency in processing real-time information.", 'duration': 133.959, 'highlights': ['Actuators play an essential role in the perception layer by converting energy into another form, such as generating electricity or converting wind into electric form. Actuators are crucial in the perception layer as they can convert energy into different forms, like generating electricity or converting wind into electric power.', 'The challenges of mobility, power consumption, and latency arise when sensors are in constant motion, leading to difficulties in passing relevant information to the cloud and processing real-time data. Constant mobility of sensors presents challenges in transmitting information to the cloud, resulting in issues with power consumption and latency in processing real-time data.', 'Scaling up the IoT system with multiple devices can increase latency, posing a challenge in maintaining real-time processing, especially in critical systems. Scaling up the IoT system with multiple devices can lead to increased latency, impacting real-time processing, which is critical in certain systems.']}, {'end': 1173.54, 'start': 872.623, 'title': 'Smart gateway importance in cloud computing', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of smart gateways in cloud computing for real-time data processing, low latency, efficient communication, and the use of nfc and wsn technologies.', 'duration': 300.917, 'highlights': ['The usage of smart gateways is crucial for real-time data processing in cloud computing, which helps in filtering data based on priority and creating local copies, resulting in faster processing and efficient communication.', 'The pre-processing layer in fog computing ensures low latency by processing information at the gateway level, enabling faster response times and the use of distributed nodes for efficient workload distribution.', 'The communication layer addresses challenges related to identifying devices, minimizing power consumption, and utilizing efficient routing protocols, with the integration of NFC technology for short-range wireless communication and WSN for monitoring large areas wirelessly.']}], 'duration': 435.436, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A738104.jpg', 'highlights': ['Actuators are crucial in the perception layer as they can convert energy into different forms, like generating electricity or converting wind into electric power.', 'Constant mobility of sensors presents challenges in transmitting information to the cloud, resulting in issues with power consumption and latency in processing real-time data.', 'Scaling up the IoT system with multiple devices can lead to increased latency, impacting real-time processing, which is critical in certain systems.', 'The usage of smart gateways is crucial for real-time data processing in cloud computing, which helps in filtering data based on priority and creating local copies, resulting in faster processing and efficient communication.', 'The pre-processing layer in fog computing ensures low latency by processing information at the gateway level, enabling faster response times and the use of distributed nodes for efficient workload distribution.', 'The communication layer addresses challenges related to identifying devices, minimizing power consumption, and utilizing efficient routing protocols, with the integration of NFC technology for short-range wireless communication and WSN for monitoring large areas wirelessly.']}, {'end': 1353.349, 'segs': [{'end': 1252.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1192.226, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1199.869, 'text': "the predicted amount of devices that's going to be available by 2020 in the Internet of Things domain is close to 40 billion.", 'start': 1192.226, 'duration': 7.643}, {'end': 1203.251, 'text': 'Imagine 40 billion devices communicating with each other now.', 'start': 1200.269, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 1208.153, 'text': "if I don't have a smart system or if I don't have an effective low-power system,", 'start': 1203.251, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 1212.195, 'text': 'then I cannot communicate or I cannot gather the information from this.', 'start': 1208.153, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 1217.938, 'text': 'now, usually a low-power IPv6 is used for these Network or these communication,', 'start': 1212.195, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 1224.061, 'text': 'which helps you in passing of information from these sensors on to your processing or on to your cloud infrastructure.', 'start': 1217.938, 'duration': 6.123}, {'end': 1227.772, 'text': 'Now again, when I come down to the low energy technology,', 'start': 1224.75, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 1235.317, 'text': 'my main challenge with respect to communication is always to ensure that low energy technology is most probably used in this segment.', 'start': 1227.772, 'duration': 7.545}, {'end': 1243.462, 'text': 'We have your Bluetooth low energy, which is usually referred to as a ble and this was actually developed by the Bluetooth special interest group.', 'start': 1235.357, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 1252.087, 'text': 'Now, what you need to understand is that it actually has a shorter range for communication and consumes lower energy as compared to its computing protocol.', 'start': 1243.742, 'duration': 8.345}], 'summary': 'By 2020, an estimated 40 billion iot devices will necessitate efficient low-power communication, typically using low-power ipv6 and bluetooth low energy technology.', 'duration': 59.861, 'max_score': 1192.226, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1192226.jpg'}], 'start': 1174, 'title': 'Iot network protocols overview', 'summary': 'Discusses challenges and solutions in iot network protocols, including the predicted 40 billion devices by 2020, and the use of low-power ipv6, bluetooth low energy (ble), low-power wi-fi, and zigbee for communication.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1353.349, 'start': 1174, 'title': 'Iot network protocols overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges and solutions in iot network protocols, including the predicted 40 billion devices by 2020, the use of low-power ipv6, bluetooth low energy (ble), low-power wi-fi, and zigbee for communication.', 'duration': 179.349, 'highlights': ["There is a predicted amount of 40 billion devices that's going to be available by 2020 in the Internet of Things domain. This quantifiable prediction highlights the scale of the Internet of Things domain, emphasizing the need for efficient network protocols to handle the communication of such a large number of devices.", 'Low-power IPv6 is used for passing information from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure. The use of low-power IPv6 for passing information emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency in the communication of data from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure in IOT applications.', 'Bluetooth low energy (BLE) has a shorter range for communication and consumes lower energy compared to its computing protocol. This detail highlights the energy efficiency and communication range of Bluetooth low energy (BLE), emphasizing its suitability for IOT applications and the advantage it holds over classic Bluetooth technology.']}], 'duration': 179.349, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1174000.jpg', 'highlights': ["There is a predicted amount of 40 billion devices that's going to be available by 2020 in the Internet of Things domain. This quantifiable prediction highlights the scale of the Internet of Things domain, emphasizing the need for efficient network protocols to handle the communication of such a large number of devices.", 'Low-power IPv6 is used for passing information from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure. The use of low-power IPv6 for passing information emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency in the communication of data from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure in IOT applications.', 'Bluetooth low energy (BLE) has a shorter range for communication and consumes lower energy compared to its computing protocol. This detail highlights the energy efficiency and communication range of Bluetooth low energy (BLE), emphasizing its suitability for IOT applications and the advantage it holds over classic Bluetooth technology.']}, {'end': 1562.547, 'segs': [{'end': 1412.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1371.275, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1379.558, 'text': 'Now, when I come down to the middleware, one of the key challenges, or one of the key issues that comes into the picture, is the interoperability,', 'start': 1371.275, 'duration': 8.283}, {'end': 1381.079, 'text': 'as well as the program abstraction.', 'start': 1379.558, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 1384.48, 'text': 'Imagine, I have 40,000 devices communicating with each other.', 'start': 1381.479, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 1391.743, 'text': '40,000 devices may not all use the same programming language or may not pass the information in the same way as well.', 'start': 1384.48, 'duration': 7.263}, {'end': 1393.323, 'text': 'I need to build,', 'start': 1392.263, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 1402.805, 'text': 'or I need to have something that ensures that these devices communicate with each other and there is an abstraction maintained between the information passed from these as well.', 'start': 1393.323, 'duration': 9.482}, {'end': 1405.165, 'text': 'Now if I have multiple devices.', 'start': 1403.245, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 1412.667, 'text': 'also, what I need to ensure is that that these devices are independently discoverable and I can manage each of them today.', 'start': 1405.165, 'duration': 7.502}], 'summary': 'Interoperability challenge: 40,000 devices need abstraction for communication and management.', 'duration': 41.392, 'max_score': 1371.275, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1371275.jpg'}, {'end': 1452.548, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1429.18, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1436.871, 'text': "if I can replace an existing middleware with something that can help me scale up, then I don't have to completely variate my entire ecosystem as well.", 'start': 1429.18, 'duration': 7.691}, {'end': 1440.774, 'text': 'with respect to Usually, when I use a highly capable middleware,', 'start': 1436.871, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 1446.821, 'text': 'then it also lets me perform big data analytics and implement security and privacy as well,', 'start': 1440.774, 'duration': 6.047}, {'end': 1452.548, 'text': 'and this in turn usually helps me communicate with my cloud computing and also context detection.', 'start': 1446.821, 'duration': 5.727}], 'summary': 'Replacing middleware can help scale up, perform big data analytics, implement security and privacy, and communicate with cloud computing and context detection.', 'duration': 23.368, 'max_score': 1429.18, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1429180.jpg'}, {'end': 1487.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1463.319, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1469.385, 'text': "It's based on what kind of events can process and what kind of service can it process or provide as well?", 'start': 1463.319, 'duration': 6.066}, {'end': 1475.11, 'text': "These are some aspects that you need to keep in mind while you're selecting your middleware for your architecture.", 'start': 1469.805, 'duration': 5.305}, {'end': 1478.389, 'text': 'Now, the last layer is your application lab.', 'start': 1475.808, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1486.993, 'text': 'now, application is something that really is what your end user gets or is what usually maintains or helps process your information to the best.', 'start': 1478.389, 'duration': 8.604}, {'end': 1487.673, 'text': "that's out there.", 'start': 1486.993, 'duration': 0.68}], 'summary': 'Select middleware based on event and service processing for your architecture, with application layer crucial for end user interaction.', 'duration': 24.354, 'max_score': 1463.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1463319.jpg'}, {'end': 1523.033, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1494.536, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1499.959, 'text': 'It can help you have a smarter environment your entire home system can be managed with respect to an application.', 'start': 1494.536, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 1502.721, 'text': 'Your car management can be done using application.', 'start': 1500.319, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 1508.384, 'text': 'You can build an entire social life and entertainment system based on a smart application.', 'start': 1503.201, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 1512.506, 'text': 'Now, although the end user usually only looks at the application layer.', 'start': 1508.784, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 1516.989, 'text': 'This actually is the front face of your entire architecture now with this.', 'start': 1512.827, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 1523.033, 'text': 'I hope you at least have gotten an idea of what the entire skeleton of your IOT architecture comprises of.', 'start': 1517.129, 'duration': 5.904}], 'summary': 'Manage home, car, and social life through a smart application for a comprehensive iot architecture.', 'duration': 28.497, 'max_score': 1494.536, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1494536.jpg'}], 'start': 1353.349, 'title': 'Challenges and aspects of iot middleware', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of iot communication, such as interoperability and program abstraction, when dealing with a large number of devices, and the need for independent discoverability and manageability. it also emphasizes the importance of selecting a scalable middleware for iot architecture, enabling big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing, as well as the significance of the application layer in achieving a smarter lifestyle and environment.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1412.667, 'start': 1353.349, 'title': 'Iot communication and middleware challenges', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of communication in iot architecture, highlighting the challenges of interoperability and program abstraction, particularly when dealing with a large number of devices, such as 40,000, and the need for independent discoverability and manageability.', 'duration': 59.318, 'highlights': ['The middleware segment is a key concept in IOT architecture, addressing challenges like interoperability and program abstraction, especially when dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.', 'Interoperability and program abstraction are key challenges in the middleware segment of IOT architecture, particularly when 40,000 devices need to communicate despite differences in programming languages and information passing methods.', 'The need to ensure independent discoverability and manageability of multiple devices is highlighted as a crucial aspect of IOT architecture, especially in the context of dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.']}, {'end': 1562.547, 'start': 1412.907, 'title': 'Key aspects of iot middleware', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of selecting a scalable middleware for iot architecture, which enables big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing. it also discusses the significance of the application layer in achieving a smarter lifestyle and environment.', 'duration': 149.64, 'highlights': ["Selecting a scalable middleware is crucial for IoT architecture, enabling big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing. The middleware's scalability facilitates big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing, contributing to the overall IoT architecture.", 'The application layer plays a vital role in achieving a smarter lifestyle and environment, impacting various domains such as home management, car management, social life, and entertainment. The application layer significantly impacts different domains, including home and car management, social life, and entertainment, contributing to a smarter lifestyle and environment.', 'Understanding the specifications of the application and database, as well as the semantics and event processing capabilities, is essential when selecting a middleware for IoT architecture. Consideration of the application and database specifications, semantics, and event processing capabilities is crucial in the middleware selection process for IoT architecture.']}], 'duration': 209.198, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/FRxRT0DjE7A/pics/FRxRT0DjE7A1353349.jpg', 'highlights': ['The middleware segment is a key concept in IOT architecture, addressing challenges like interoperability and program abstraction, especially when dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.', "Selecting a scalable middleware is crucial for IoT architecture, enabling big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing. The middleware's scalability facilitates big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing, contributing to the overall IoT architecture.", 'The need to ensure independent discoverability and manageability of multiple devices is highlighted as a crucial aspect of IOT architecture, especially in the context of dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.', 'The application layer plays a vital role in achieving a smarter lifestyle and environment, impacting various domains such as home management, car management, social life, and entertainment. The application layer significantly impacts different domains, including home and car management, social life, and entertainment, contributing to a smarter lifestyle and environment.', 'Interoperability and program abstraction are key challenges in the middleware segment of IOT architecture, particularly when 40,000 devices need to communicate despite differences in programming languages and information passing methods.', 'Understanding the specifications of the application and database, as well as the semantics and event processing capabilities, is essential when selecting a middleware for IoT architecture. Consideration of the application and database specifications, semantics, and event processing capabilities is crucial in the middleware selection process for IoT architecture.']}], 'highlights': ['The middleware segment is a key concept in IOT architecture, addressing challenges like interoperability and program abstraction, especially when dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.', "Selecting a scalable middleware is crucial for IoT architecture, enabling big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing. The middleware's scalability facilitates big data analytics, security, privacy, and communication with cloud computing, contributing to the overall IoT architecture.", 'The need to ensure independent discoverability and manageability of multiple devices is highlighted as a crucial aspect of IOT architecture, especially in the context of dealing with a large number of devices like 40,000.', 'The application layer plays a vital role in achieving a smarter lifestyle and environment, impacting various domains such as home management, car management, social life, and entertainment. The application layer significantly impacts different domains, including home and car management, social life, and entertainment, contributing to a smarter lifestyle and environment.', 'Interoperability and program abstraction are key challenges in the middleware segment of IOT architecture, particularly when 40,000 devices need to communicate despite differences in programming languages and information passing methods.', 'Understanding the specifications of the application and database, as well as the semantics and event processing capabilities, is essential when selecting a middleware for IoT architecture. Consideration of the application and database specifications, semantics, and event processing capabilities is crucial in the middleware selection process for IoT architecture.', 'The five-layer architecture details additional layers for data transmission, storage, and analysis.', 'The three-level architecture emphasizes the roles of perception, network, and application layers.', 'Fog computing enables immediate response and enhances security in IoT systems.', 'Fog computing allows pre-processing and storage at the gateway level, reducing the need for data transmission to the cloud.', 'The use of fog computing is illustrated through a real-world example of traffic signal manipulation for ambulance prioritization.', 'The monitoring layer tracks power consumption, resource response, and services, aiding in understanding necessary information from thousands of sensors in a real-world environment.', 'Understanding power consumption and working with thousands of sensors in a real-world environment are key challenges addressed by the monitoring layer.', 'Filtering necessary information from thousands of sensors is essential for effective operation in a real-world environment.', 'The chapter discusses the importance of fog computing and edge computing in IoT, emphasizing the need for efficient processing and analytics to manage and utilize information effectively, and the role of security in ensuring data integrity and privacy.', 'The chapter outlines the key layers in IoT architectures, including the perception layer for gathering information from sensors, the processing layer for filtration and analytics, the communication layer for defining protocols and standards, the middleware for creating system abstraction, and the application layer for user experience enhancement and efficiency improvement.', 'The chapter provides insights into various types and technologies of sensors used in IoT, including examples such as location sensors, movement sensors, cameras, microphones, light sensors, neural sensors, medical sensors, environmental sensors, chemical or biosensors, infrared sensors, and RFID, with detailed explanations of RFID technologies and types.', 'Actuators are crucial in the perception layer as they can convert energy into different forms, like generating electricity or converting wind into electric power.', 'Constant mobility of sensors presents challenges in transmitting information to the cloud, resulting in issues with power consumption and latency in processing real-time data.', 'Scaling up the IoT system with multiple devices can lead to increased latency, impacting real-time processing, which is critical in certain systems.', 'The usage of smart gateways is crucial for real-time data processing in cloud computing, which helps in filtering data based on priority and creating local copies, resulting in faster processing and efficient communication.', 'The pre-processing layer in fog computing ensures low latency by processing information at the gateway level, enabling faster response times and the use of distributed nodes for efficient workload distribution.', 'The communication layer addresses challenges related to identifying devices, minimizing power consumption, and utilizing efficient routing protocols, with the integration of NFC technology for short-range wireless communication and WSN for monitoring large areas wirelessly.', "There is a predicted amount of 40 billion devices that's going to be available by 2020 in the Internet of Things domain. This quantifiable prediction highlights the scale of the Internet of Things domain, emphasizing the need for efficient network protocols to handle the communication of such a large number of devices.", 'Low-power IPv6 is used for passing information from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure. The use of low-power IPv6 for passing information emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency in the communication of data from sensors to processing or cloud infrastructure in IOT applications.', 'Bluetooth low energy (BLE) has a shorter range for communication and consumes lower energy compared to its computing protocol. This detail highlights the energy efficiency and communication range of Bluetooth low energy (BLE), emphasizing its suitability for IOT applications and the advantage it holds over classic Bluetooth technology.', 'Internet of Things aims to create a world where devices and appliances are connected to a network, collaborating to complete complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges using various devices.', 'IoT involves an interaction between the physical and digital world using sensors and actuators.', 'IoT is defined as the objective to connect devices and appliances to collaborate on complex tasks, aiming to ease day-to-day challenges.']}