title
Machine Learning-Bias And Variance In Depth Intuition| Overfitting Underfitting

description
In statistics and machine learning, the bias–variance tradeoff is the property of a set of predictive models whereby models with a lower bias in parameter estimation have a higher variance of the parameter estimates across samples, and vice versa Please join as a member in my channel to get additional benefits like materials in Data Science, live streaming for Members and many more https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNU_lfiiWBdtULKOw6X0Dig/join Please do subscribe my other channel too https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjWY5hREA6FFYrthD0rZNIw If you want to Give donation to support my channel, below is the Gpay id GPay: krishnaik06@okicici Connect with me here: Twitter: https://twitter.com/Krishnaik06 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/krishnaik06 instagram: https://www.instagram.com/krishnaik06

detail
{'title': 'Machine Learning-Bias And Variance In Depth Intuition| Overfitting Underfitting', 'heatmap': [{'end': 407.6, 'start': 364.326, 'weight': 0.782}, {'end': 669.404, 'start': 584.277, 'weight': 0.738}, {'end': 760.815, 'start': 746.627, 'weight': 0.749}], 'summary': 'Explores bias and variance in regression, model bias, and variance, and managing bias and variance in decision trees, covering underfitting, overfitting, model selection, bias-variance tradeoff, and techniques like decision pruning and random forest to convert high variance into low variance.', 'chapters': [{'end': 115.214, 'segs': [{'end': 39.02, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10.933, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13.134, 'text': 'Hello all, my name is Krishnayak and welcome to my YouTube channel.', 'start': 10.933, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 17.715, 'text': 'So guys, today in this particular video, we are going to discuss a very important topic, which is called as bias and variance.', 'start': 13.174, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 21.136, 'text': 'And then we are also going to discuss about topics like overfitting, underfitting.', 'start': 18.175, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 22.956, 'text': 'I probably think you have heard a lot.', 'start': 21.216, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 30.798, 'text': 'And if I talk about just bias and variance, you also heard about terminology like high bias, low variance, low bias, high variance,', 'start': 23.656, 'duration': 7.142}, {'end': 32.278, 'text': 'like all these kind of terminologies.', 'start': 30.798, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 33.699, 'text': "we'll try to understand properly.", 'start': 32.278, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 39.02, 'text': "And we are going to take both the example of regression and classification problem statement and we'll understand these terms.", 'start': 34.219, 'duration': 4.801}], 'summary': 'Krishnayak explains bias, variance, overfitting, and underfitting in regression and classification.', 'duration': 28.087, 'max_score': 10.933, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM10933.jpg'}], 'start': 10.933, 'title': 'Bias and variance in regression', 'summary': 'Delves into bias and variance in polynomial linear regression, highlighting the influence of polynomial degree on accuracy and error rates.', 'chapters': [{'end': 115.214, 'start': 10.933, 'title': 'Bias and variance in regression', 'summary': "Discusses bias and variance in polynomial linear regression, illustrating the impact of polynomial degree on the best fit line's accuracy and error rates.", 'duration': 104.281, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the impact of polynomial degree on the accuracy of the best fit line, highlighting the high bias and low variance when the degree is 1, leading to high r squared error.', 'It discusses the improvement in accuracy and reduction in error rates with an increase in polynomial degree to 2, resulting in a smaller curve for the best fit line.']}], 'duration': 104.281, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM10933.jpg', 'highlights': ['Increase in polynomial degree leads to improved accuracy and reduced error rates.', 'Higher degree results in smaller curve for the best fit line, reducing error rates.']}, {'end': 746.267, 'segs': [{'end': 205.654, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 160.763, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 166.108, 'text': 'Underfitting basically says that for whatever data I have trained, my model, the error is quite high for that.', 'start': 160.763, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 169.352, 'text': "I'm just not talking about my test data or the new data.", 'start': 166.749, 'duration': 2.603}, {'end': 172.916, 'text': 'This is just only with respect to the training data.', 'start': 169.792, 'duration': 3.124}, {'end': 176.039, 'text': 'Even for the training data, my error is very, very high.', 'start': 173.537, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 178.222, 'text': 'So this is basically an underfitting condition.', 'start': 176.099, 'duration': 2.123}, {'end': 180.804, 'text': 'Now let us go back to the last diagram.', 'start': 178.662, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 181.886, 'text': 'Over here.', 'start': 181.485, 'duration': 0.401}, {'end': 189.1, 'text': 'I probably think you know about this now, since each and every point is getting satisfied by this best fit line, right?', 'start': 181.886, 'duration': 7.214}, {'end': 193.208, 'text': 'Now this is a scenario where I can say it has overfitting.', 'start': 189.561, 'duration': 3.647}, {'end': 196.05, 'text': "I'll tell you why we are saying it as overfitting.", 'start': 194.229, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 197.11, 'text': 'Now just understand guys.', 'start': 196.11, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 199.911, 'text': 'Okay, Now overfitting basically means what?', 'start': 197.771, 'duration': 2.14}, {'end': 205.654, 'text': 'Now, with respect to training data, this particular best fit line satisfies all the points.', 'start': 200.872, 'duration': 4.782}], 'summary': 'Underfitting: high error for training data. overfitting: best fit line satisfies all training data points.', 'duration': 44.891, 'max_score': 160.763, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM160763.jpg'}, {'end': 253.259, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 223.489, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 232.373, 'text': 'on the test data, again, the error rate will be high in overfitting condition, even though for the training data the accuracy is quite high.', 'start': 223.489, 'duration': 8.884}, {'end': 236.496, 'text': 'but for the test data the accuracy goes down.', 'start': 232.373, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 240.438, 'text': 'okay. so what what i am saying for the training data?', 'start': 236.496, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 252.638, 'text': "for the training data, i can write it as accuracy is very, very high, but for the test data the accuracy is very, very it's going down.", 'start': 240.438, 'duration': 12.2}, {'end': 253.259, 'text': 'in this scenario.', 'start': 252.638, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'High accuracy in training data, but error rate high in overfitting test data.', 'duration': 29.77, 'max_score': 223.489, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM223489.jpg'}, {'end': 308.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 282.583, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 287.266, 'text': 'Vice versa over here for the training data also the accuracy is less and for the test data also accuracy is less.', 'start': 282.583, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 289.788, 'text': 'So that scenario we call it as underfitting.', 'start': 287.547, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 291.83, 'text': 'This scenario we call it as overfitting.', 'start': 290.089, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 302.078, 'text': 'Our main aim should be in such that for the training data also, my accuracy should be high, and for the test data or for the new data also,', 'start': 293.152, 'duration': 8.926}, {'end': 308.823, 'text': 'my accuracy should be high and that is actually solved by this particular degree of polynomial is equal to 2..', 'start': 302.078, 'duration': 6.745}], 'summary': 'High accuracy needed for training and test data, degree of polynomial is 2', 'duration': 26.24, 'max_score': 282.583, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM282583.jpg'}, {'end': 389.974, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 364.326, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 369.773, 'text': 'for an underfitting, I always have high bias and high variance.', 'start': 364.326, 'duration': 5.447}, {'end': 374.579, 'text': 'Bias basically means the error of the training data.', 'start': 370.234, 'duration': 4.345}, {'end': 377.483, 'text': 'Just consider, think in this particular way.', 'start': 375.16, 'duration': 2.323}, {'end': 379.506, 'text': 'The error of the training data.', 'start': 377.864, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 384.17, 'text': 'Variance basically says that It is the error of the test data.', 'start': 379.526, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 386.532, 'text': 'So we have high bias and high variance.', 'start': 384.39, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 389.974, 'text': 'Obviously for the training data the error is high, for the test data error is high.', 'start': 386.652, 'duration': 3.322}], 'summary': 'High bias and high variance indicate underfitting in the model.', 'duration': 25.648, 'max_score': 364.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM364326.jpg'}, {'end': 407.6, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 364.326, 'weight': 0.782, 'content': [{'end': 369.773, 'text': 'for an underfitting, I always have high bias and high variance.', 'start': 364.326, 'duration': 5.447}, {'end': 374.579, 'text': 'Bias basically means the error of the training data.', 'start': 370.234, 'duration': 4.345}, {'end': 377.483, 'text': 'Just consider, think in this particular way.', 'start': 375.16, 'duration': 2.323}, {'end': 379.506, 'text': 'The error of the training data.', 'start': 377.864, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 384.17, 'text': 'Variance basically says that It is the error of the test data.', 'start': 379.526, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 386.532, 'text': 'So we have high bias and high variance.', 'start': 384.39, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 389.974, 'text': 'Obviously for the training data the error is high, for the test data error is high.', 'start': 386.652, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 391.916, 'text': 'That is what is the underfitting condition.', 'start': 390.274, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 393.757, 'text': "Now let's go back to the overfitting.", 'start': 392.296, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 404.705, 'text': 'In this scenario I will be saying that over here I have low bias and high variance.', 'start': 394.117, 'duration': 10.588}, {'end': 407.6, 'text': 'Why low bias?', 'start': 406.94, 'duration': 0.66}], 'summary': 'Underfitting: high bias, high variance. overfitting: low bias, high variance.', 'duration': 43.274, 'max_score': 364.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM364326.jpg'}, {'end': 464.957, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 436.876, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 439.038, 'text': 'I hope you have understood it much more perfectly.', 'start': 436.876, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 440.94, 'text': 'If you have not, just rewind it guys.', 'start': 439.299, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 442.622, 'text': 'Just rewind the video and try to understand.', 'start': 441.02, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 446.066, 'text': "In this also, for the new test data also, I'll be getting a higher error.", 'start': 443.003, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 447.647, 'text': "For this also, I'll be getting a higher error.", 'start': 446.326, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 451.202, 'text': 'When I compare this, this will be giving us a lower.', 'start': 448.619, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 454.125, 'text': 'This was with respect to the regression problem statement.', 'start': 452.083, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 456.948, 'text': 'Now let us go to the classification problem statement.', 'start': 454.526, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 464.957, 'text': 'Now classification problem statement, suppose I have used three models with three hyperparameter tuning techniques.', 'start': 457.889, 'duration': 7.068}], 'summary': 'The speaker discusses understanding test data and error rates in regression and classification problems, with three models and hyperparameter tuning techniques.', 'duration': 28.081, 'max_score': 436.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM436876.jpg'}, {'end': 669.404, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 584.277, 'weight': 0.738, 'content': [{'end': 588.658, 'text': 'Okay, guys, let us go ahead and try to understand the general representation of bias and variance.', 'start': 584.277, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 596.519, 'text': "I'll take the same example, what I'd actually taken over here in my X axis is degree of polynomial over here in the Y axis, it is error.", 'start': 589.198, 'duration': 7.321}, {'end': 601.741, 'text': 'so understand, if you have an underfitting condition, what will happen?', 'start': 597.299, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 606.984, 'text': 'usually the error rate will be high, so error rate for the training data will also be high.', 'start': 601.741, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 612.067, 'text': 'error rate for the test data will also be high, right.', 'start': 606.984, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 616.089, 'text': 'okay, now let us go and try to understand this overfitting condition in the overfitting condition.', 'start': 612.067, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 620.635, 'text': 'what will happen In the overfitting condition if I take this particular example over here?', 'start': 616.089, 'duration': 4.546}, {'end': 624.957, 'text': 'or let me just okay understand, guys, this red point is basically my training error.', 'start': 620.635, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 629.179, 'text': 'This blue point is basically my cross validation error, or you can also say it as test error.', 'start': 625.297, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 632.12, 'text': "Okay So we'll just try to write in this particular way.", 'start': 629.619, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 638.343, 'text': 'Okay Now for the overfitting condition, you know that I have low bias and high variance.', 'start': 632.54, 'duration': 5.803}, {'end': 643.545, 'text': 'So my training error for the training data, I mean, for the training data, it will become less.', 'start': 638.783, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 646.326, 'text': 'So suppose I am going to mention this particular point.', 'start': 643.945, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 652.765, 'text': 'okay. now with respect to this particular point, you you can see that for the test data it is high variance.', 'start': 647.202, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 661.329, 'text': 'so the error rate for the cross validation error will be high in the case of overfitting problem statement right when my degree of polynomial is high.', 'start': 652.765, 'duration': 8.564}, {'end': 665.972, 'text': 'in this case, my degree of polynomial is high, so i am just going to keep this particular point like this.', 'start': 661.329, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 669.404, 'text': 'let me combine this particular point like this Okay.', 'start': 665.972, 'duration': 3.432}], 'summary': 'Understanding bias and variance in overfitting and underfitting conditions, highlighting error rates for training and test data.', 'duration': 85.127, 'max_score': 584.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM584277.jpg'}], 'start': 115.914, 'title': 'Model bias and variance', 'summary': 'Covers underfitting, overfitting, model selection, bias-variance tradeoff, and their impact on model accuracy, highlighting scenarios of overfitting, underfitting, and a generalized model.', 'chapters': [{'end': 282.123, 'start': 115.914, 'title': 'Underfitting and overfitting in data modeling', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of underfitting and overfitting in data modeling, illustrating how a model can have very high accuracy for the training data but significantly lower accuracy for the test data, leading to underfitting or overfitting. it also demonstrates the impact of different polynomial degrees on model fitting and error rates.', 'duration': 166.209, 'highlights': ['Overfitting leads to high accuracy for training data but significantly lower accuracy for test data. Overfitting occurs when the best fit line satisfies all the training points perfectly, resulting in high accuracy for the training data but a significant decrease in accuracy for the test data.', "Underfitting results in high error rates for both training and test data. Underfitting occurs when the model's error is very high for the training data, leading to a decrease in accuracy for both the training and test data.", "Demonstrates the impact of different polynomial degrees on model fitting and error rates. The transcript illustrates how different degrees of polynomial can affect the model's fitting, showing scenarios where the model either satisfies most training points with very low error or fits every point exactly, highlighting the concept of overfitting."]}, {'end': 436.275, 'start': 282.583, 'title': 'Model selection and bias-variance tradeoff', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of model selection and bias-variance tradeoff, emphasizing the importance of achieving high accuracy for both training and test data, and the relationship between bias, variance, overfitting, and underfitting.', 'duration': 153.692, 'highlights': ['The main aim is to achieve high accuracy for both training and test data, which is addressed by selecting a model with a polynomial degree of 2. The main aim is to achieve high accuracy for both training and test data, which is addressed by selecting a model with a polynomial degree of 2.', 'The most suitable model exhibits low bias and low variance, indicating its effectiveness in addressing the problem statement. The most suitable model exhibits low bias and low variance, indicating its effectiveness in addressing the problem statement.', 'In underfitting, high bias and high variance occur, while in overfitting, low bias and high variance are observed, with the goal being to achieve low bias and low variance for both training and test data. In underfitting, high bias and high variance occur, while in overfitting, low bias and high variance are observed, with the goal being to achieve low bias and low variance for both training and test data.']}, {'end': 746.267, 'start': 436.876, 'title': 'Bias and variance in machine learning', 'summary': 'Discusses the concepts of bias and variance in machine learning, highlighting the impact of different error rates on training and test data, and explains the scenarios of overfitting, underfitting, and a generalized model.', 'duration': 309.391, 'highlights': ['In the classification problem statement, model 1 exhibits low bias (1% training error) and high variance (20% test error), indicating overfitting. Model 1 shows low bias and high variance, representing overfitting in the scenario.', 'Model 2 displays high bias (25% training error) and high variance (26% test error), indicating underfitting. Model 2 demonstrates high bias and high variance, indicating underfitting.', 'Model 3 showcases low bias (less than 10% training error) and low variance (less than 10% test error), representing a generalized model. Model 3 demonstrates low bias and low variance, representing a generalized model.']}], 'duration': 630.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM115914.jpg', 'highlights': ['Overfitting leads to high accuracy for training data but significantly lower accuracy for test data.', 'Underfitting results in high error rates for both training and test data.', 'The main aim is to achieve high accuracy for both training and test data, which is addressed by selecting a model with a polynomial degree of 2.', 'The most suitable model exhibits low bias and low variance, indicating its effectiveness in addressing the problem statement.', 'In the classification problem statement, model 1 exhibits low bias (1% training error) and high variance (20% test error), indicating overfitting.', 'Model 2 displays high bias (25% training error) and high variance (26% test error), indicating underfitting.', 'Model 3 showcases low bias (less than 10% training error) and low variance (less than 10% test error), representing a generalized model.']}, {'end': 1012.011, 'segs': [{'end': 774.309, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 746.627, 'weight': 0.749, 'content': [{'end': 751.25, 'text': 'So I hope you have understood this is the general representation of bias and variance.', 'start': 746.627, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 755.852, 'text': 'Let us go ahead and take some examples with respect to decision tree and random forest,', 'start': 751.67, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 759.654, 'text': "and then we'll try to understand whether it is an overfitting condition or underfitting condition.", 'start': 755.852, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 760.815, 'text': 'now by default.', 'start': 760.174, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 765.42, 'text': 'you know that, guys, decision tree creates disguised of trees itself right completely to its depth.', 'start': 760.815, 'duration': 4.605}, {'end': 769.124, 'text': 'it takes all the features and then it starts splitting to its complete depth.', 'start': 765.42, 'duration': 3.704}, {'end': 774.309, 'text': 'okay, now, when it does this, this scenario is just like an overfitting condition.', 'start': 769.124, 'duration': 5.185}], 'summary': 'Explaining bias and variance with decision tree and random forest examples.', 'duration': 27.682, 'max_score': 746.627, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM746627.jpg'}, {'end': 792.412, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 765.42, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 769.124, 'text': 'it takes all the features and then it starts splitting to its complete depth.', 'start': 765.42, 'duration': 3.704}, {'end': 774.309, 'text': 'okay, now, when it does this, this scenario is just like an overfitting condition.', 'start': 769.124, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 777.453, 'text': 'okay, this scenario is just like an overfitting condition.', 'start': 774.309, 'duration': 3.144}, {'end': 783.648, 'text': 'now, in overfitting, you just split all the decision tree till its complete depth.', 'start': 779.366, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 787.19, 'text': 'definitely, for the training data, this may give you a very good result.', 'start': 783.648, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 792.412, 'text': 'ok, the error rate will be less, but for the test data, guys, this scenario will not work.', 'start': 787.19, 'duration': 5.222}], 'summary': 'Overfitting occurs when decision tree splits to complete depth, leading to lower error rate for training data but higher error rate for test data.', 'duration': 26.992, 'max_score': 765.42, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM765420.jpg'}, {'end': 934.976, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 909.228, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 914.293, 'text': 'if many model gives us the output as zero, we will consider the output as zero now, initially,', 'start': 909.228, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 920.904, 'text': 'since i was using many decision trees and each and every decision tree has a property of low bias and high variance.', 'start': 914.293, 'duration': 6.611}, {'end': 926.994, 'text': 'if i combine this in a parallel way, this high variance will get converted to low variance.', 'start': 920.904, 'duration': 6.09}, {'end': 934.976, 'text': 'Okay, how it is getting converted from high variance to low variance, since we are using this decision tree parallelly.', 'start': 928.533, 'duration': 6.443}], 'summary': 'Using decision trees in parallel reduces high variance to low variance.', 'duration': 25.748, 'max_score': 909.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM909228.jpg'}, {'end': 1001.247, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 968.195, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 969.876, 'text': 'so this was just one example.', 'start': 968.195, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 976.358, 'text': 'with respect to decision tree and random forest, one Question is that what kind of technique XGBoost have?', 'start': 969.876, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 982.22, 'text': 'Does it have high bias and low variance or does it have low bias or low variance??', 'start': 976.878, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 984.141, 'text': 'You can basically answer me that.', 'start': 982.24, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 988.422, 'text': 'Please do comment down in the comment box of this particular video.', 'start': 984.981, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 991.343, 'text': 'But I hope you have got the idea of bias and variance guys.', 'start': 988.722, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 994.844, 'text': 'I hope you know now what is underfitting, what is overfitting.', 'start': 991.923, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 1001.247, 'text': 'I hope you know that if somebody says low bias and high variance, that is an overfitting scenario or underfitting scenario.', 'start': 995.925, 'duration': 5.322}], 'summary': "Xgboost's bias-variance tradeoff: high bias, low variance.", 'duration': 33.052, 'max_score': 968.195, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM968195.jpg'}], 'start': 746.627, 'title': 'Managing bias and variance in decision trees', 'summary': "Explains the concepts of bias and variance in decision trees and random forests, detailing the overfitting and underfitting conditions with practical examples and the impact on model performance. it also discusses techniques like decision pruning and random forest, which utilizes multiple decision trees in parallel to convert high variance into low variance, and mentions the considerations for xgboost's bias and variance.", 'chapters': [{'end': 787.19, 'start': 746.627, 'title': 'Bias and variance in decision trees', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of bias and variance in decision trees and random forests, detailing the overfitting and underfitting conditions with practical examples and the impact on model performance.', 'duration': 40.563, 'highlights': ['The overfitting condition occurs when a decision tree splits till its complete depth, leading to a very good result for the training data but potential issues with unseen data.', 'Understanding whether a decision tree or random forest exhibits overfitting or underfitting conditions is crucial for optimizing model performance.', 'The general representation of bias and variance is explained in the context of decision trees and random forests, demonstrating its practical implications.']}, {'end': 1012.011, 'start': 787.19, 'title': 'Managing bias and variance in decision trees', 'summary': "Discusses the concepts of bias and variance in decision trees, focusing on techniques like decision pruning and random forest, which utilizes multiple decision trees in parallel to convert high variance into low variance, and also mentions the considerations for xgboost's bias and variance.", 'duration': 224.821, 'highlights': ['Random forest uses multiple decision trees in parallel to convert high variance into low variance Random forest involves using multiple decision trees in parallel, employing a technique called bootstrap aggregation to aggregate outputs from different trees, effectively converting high variance to low variance.', 'Techniques like decision pruning are used to limit the depth of decision trees for better results on test data Decision pruning is employed to restrict the depth of decision trees, ensuring better performance on test data by avoiding overfitting.', "XGBoost's bias and variance characteristics are questioned, prompting viewers to comment their understanding The video prompts viewers to consider the bias and variance characteristics of XGBoost and encourages them to comment on whether it exhibits high bias and low variance or low bias and low variance."]}], 'duration': 265.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BqzgUnrNhFM/pics/BqzgUnrNhFM746627.jpg', 'highlights': ['Random forest uses multiple decision trees in parallel to convert high variance into low variance.', 'Understanding whether a decision tree or random forest exhibits overfitting or underfitting conditions is crucial for optimizing model performance.', 'Decision pruning is employed to restrict the depth of decision trees, ensuring better performance on test data by avoiding overfitting.', 'The overfitting condition occurs when a decision tree splits till its complete depth, leading to potential issues with unseen data.', 'The general representation of bias and variance is explained in the context of decision trees and random forests, demonstrating its practical implications.', "XGBoost's bias and variance characteristics are questioned, prompting viewers to comment their understanding."]}], 'highlights': ['Random forest uses multiple decision trees in parallel to convert high variance into low variance.', 'Decision pruning is employed to restrict the depth of decision trees, ensuring better performance on test data by avoiding overfitting.', 'Understanding whether a decision tree or random forest exhibits overfitting or underfitting conditions is crucial for optimizing model performance.', 'The most suitable model exhibits low bias and low variance, indicating its effectiveness in addressing the problem statement.', 'In the classification problem statement, model 1 exhibits low bias (1% training error) and high variance (20% test error), indicating overfitting.', 'Model 3 showcases low bias (less than 10% training error) and low variance (less than 10% test error), representing a generalized model.', 'The overfitting condition occurs when a decision tree splits till its complete depth, leading to potential issues with unseen data.', 'Higher degree results in smaller curve for the best fit line, reducing error rates.', 'Increase in polynomial degree leads to improved accuracy and reduced error rates.', 'The general representation of bias and variance is explained in the context of decision trees and random forests, demonstrating its practical implications.']}