title
Philip Goff: Consciousness, Panpsychism, and the Philosophy of Mind | Lex Fridman Podcast #261
description
Philip Goff is a philosopher of mind and consciousness at Durham University and author of Galileo's Error. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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EPISODE LINKS:
Philip's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Philip_Goff
Philip's Website: http://www.philipgoffphilosophy.com/
Galileo's Error (book): https://amzn.to/3ustY5B
Consciousness and Fundamental Reality (book): https://amzn.to/3ojldH1
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41
OUTLINE:
0:00 - Introduction
1:14 - Conscious matter
34:40 - Death, mystical experiences and collective consciousness
45:04 - The authority of expertise
1:06:00 - Panpsychism and physics
1:34:45 - Suffering, zombies and illusion
2:07:31 - JRE podcast recap
2:19:07 - Free will
2:36:46 - Are we living in a simulation?
2:40:37 - Meaning of life
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detail
{'title': 'Philip Goff: Consciousness, Panpsychism, and the Philosophy of Mind | Lex Fridman Podcast #261', 'heatmap': [{'end': 9977.674, 'start': 9884.843, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Explores consciousness, panpsychism, and the philosophy of mind, addressing scientific method compatibility, life goals, pleasure, expertise in science, particle properties, ethical considerations, diverse debates, philosophical dualism, and free will, providing comprehensive insights into these topics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 856.244, 'segs': [{'end': 503.747, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 479.057, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 485.579, 'text': 'Since he sticks to his story pun unintended, and then you stick to yours.', 'start': 479.057, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 486.6, 'text': 'what is your story??', 'start': 485.579, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 489.281, 'text': 'What is your theory of consciousness versus his??', 'start': 486.74, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 491.002, 'text': 'Can you clarify his position??', 'start': 489.321, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 503.747, 'text': 'So my view I defend the view known as panpsychism, which is the view that consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world.', 'start': 493.062, 'duration': 10.685}], 'summary': 'Panpsychism posits consciousness as fundamental to the physical world.', 'duration': 24.69, 'max_score': 479.057, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo479057.jpg'}, {'end': 703.112, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 674.669, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 679.992, 'text': "incidentally, there's a very interesting paper just come out by very good philosopher, Luke Roloff,", 'start': 674.669, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 684.917, 'text': "defending a panpsychist version of Dennett's multiple drafts model.", 'start': 679.992, 'duration': 4.925}, {'end': 688.76, 'text': 'Like a deeper turtle that Roloff stacked on top of.', 'start': 686.358, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 693.924, 'text': "Just the difference being that this is Luke Roloff's view, all of the drafts are conscious.", 'start': 688.8, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 703.112, 'text': "So I guess for Dennett, there's sort of no fact of the matter about which of these drafts is the correct one.", 'start': 694.084, 'duration': 9.028}], 'summary': "Luke roloff defends a panpsychist version of dennett's multiple drafts model, claiming all drafts are conscious.", 'duration': 28.443, 'max_score': 674.669, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo674669.jpg'}, {'end': 761.082, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 719.856, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 726.898, 'text': 'But Luke is one of the most rigorous and serious philosophers alive at the moment, I think.', 'start': 719.856, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 730.259, 'text': "And I hate having Luke Roloff in an audience if I'm giving a talk,", 'start': 726.998, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 736.163, 'text': "because he always cuts straight to the the weakness in your position that you hadn't thought of, and so it's nice.", 'start': 730.259, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 739.125, 'text': 'you know panpsychism is sometimes associated with fluffy thinking,', 'start': 736.163, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 748.413, 'text': 'but you know contemporary panpsychists have come out of this tradition we call analytic philosophy, which is rooted in, you know, detailed,', 'start': 739.125, 'duration': 9.288}, {'end': 754.258, 'text': 'rigorous argumentation and, and it is defended in that manner.', 'start': 748.413, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 757.737, 'text': 'yeah, Those analytic philosophers are sticklers for terminology.', 'start': 754.258, 'duration': 3.479}, {'end': 761.082, 'text': "It's a very fun group to talk shit with over some years.", 'start': 757.797, 'duration': 3.285}], 'summary': 'Luke roloff is a rigorous philosopher rooted in analytic philosophy, known for cutting straight to weaknesses in positions, and defended in a detailed, rigorous manner.', 'duration': 41.226, 'max_score': 719.856, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo719856.jpg'}, {'end': 842.5, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 818.953, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 825.439, 'text': 'What do we mean by this word? I remember I was taking a course on algorithms and data structures in computer science.', 'start': 818.953, 'duration': 6.486}, {'end': 830.384, 'text': 'And the instructor, shout out to him, Ali Shekafandeh, amazing professor.', 'start': 826.02, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 839.199, 'text': 'I remember he asked some basic questions like, what is an algorithm? the pressure of pushing students to answer, to think deeply.', 'start': 830.404, 'duration': 8.795}, {'end': 842.5, 'text': 'You know, you just woke up, hung over in college or whatever,', 'start': 839.319, 'duration': 3.181}], 'summary': 'Discussion on algorithm definition in computer science class with emphasis on deep thinking and student engagement.', 'duration': 23.547, 'max_score': 818.953, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo818953.jpg'}], 'start': 0.249, 'title': 'Consciousness and scientific method', 'summary': "Explores the compatibility of scientific worldview with consciousness, addressing panpsychism, challenges in studying consciousness, and the need for an expanded scientific method. it also discusses direct access to feelings, panpsychism, dennett's hetero phenomenology, and the importance of rigorous argumentation in philosophy.", 'chapters': [{'end': 276.466, 'start': 0.249, 'title': 'Consciousness and the scientific method', 'summary': 'Delves into the compatibility of the scientific worldview with consciousness, discussing panpsychism and the challenges of scientifically studying consciousness as it is not publicly observable, suggesting a need for an expanded scientific method.', 'duration': 276.217, 'highlights': ['Philip Goff believes consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of physical reality, of all matter in the universe. Philip Goff is a panpsychist, asserting that consciousness is inherent in all matter, providing a unique perspective on the nature of consciousness.', 'Consciousness is not publicly observable, and its qualitative nature poses a challenge to the standard scientific approach. The qualitative and non-publicly observable nature of consciousness presents a fundamental challenge to the scientific method, requiring a reevaluation of scientific approaches to study consciousness.', 'The uniqueness of consciousness lies in the fact that the thing being explained is not publicly observable, necessitating an expanded conception of the scientific method. The unique nature of consciousness, being not publicly observable, calls for a broader understanding of the scientific method to effectively study and explain consciousness within a scientific framework.', 'The discussion explores the limitations of the standard scientific method in explaining consciousness and suggests the need for a more expansive concept of scientific inquiry. The limitations of the traditional scientific method in explaining consciousness are highlighted, emphasizing the necessity of rethinking scientific approaches to fully integrate the study of consciousness within scientific frameworks.']}, {'end': 856.244, 'start': 277.427, 'title': 'Understanding consciousness and panpsychism', 'summary': "Discusses the direct access to one's own feelings and experiences, the distinction between direct and indirect observation of pain, the theories of consciousness including panpsychism and dennett's hetero phenomenology, and the importance of rigorous argumentation in philosophy.", 'duration': 578.817, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the direct access to one's own feelings and experiences, the distinction between direct and indirect observation of pain The speaker highlights the direct awareness of one's own pain and feelings, emphasizing the inability for others to directly access one's pain, leading to a discussion on the distinction between direct and indirect observation of pain.", "The theories of consciousness including panpsychism and Dennett's hetero phenomenology are compared The conversation delves into the comparison between panpsychism, which views consciousness as a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world, and Dennett's hetero phenomenology, which focuses on third person perspective and observable behavior as the data for the science of consciousness.", 'The importance of rigorous argumentation in philosophy is emphasized The importance of rigorous argumentation in philosophy, particularly within the context of contemporary panpsychism, is highlighted, showcasing the roots in analytic philosophy and the value of asking deep, philosophical questions.']}], 'duration': 855.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo249.jpg', 'highlights': ['Philip Goff asserts consciousness as fundamental to all matter, offering a unique perspective.', 'The qualitative and non-publicly observable nature of consciousness challenges the standard scientific approach.', 'The unique nature of consciousness calls for a broader understanding of the scientific method.', 'The limitations of the traditional scientific method in explaining consciousness are highlighted.', "The direct awareness of one's own pain and feelings is emphasized.", "Comparison between panpsychism and Dennett's hetero phenomenology is discussed.", 'The importance of rigorous argumentation in philosophy, particularly within contemporary panpsychism, is highlighted.']}, {'end': 2003.493, 'segs': [{'end': 1106.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1080.097, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 1089.66, 'text': "i don't think these theories are good as theories of consciousness, at least if we're taking consciousness just to be subjective.", 'start': 1080.097, 'duration': 9.563}, {'end': 1095.102, 'text': 'experience, pleasure, pain, seeing color, hearing, sound.', 'start': 1089.66, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 1098.423, 'text': 'i think you know a hamster has consciousness.', 'start': 1095.102, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 1102.124, 'text': "in that sense there's something that it's like to be a hamster.", 'start': 1098.423, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 1106.405, 'text': "it feels pain if you stand on it, if you're cruel enough to do.", 'start': 1102.124, 'duration': 4.281}], 'summary': 'Theories of consciousness may not fully capture subjective experience, e.g., a hamster has consciousness and feels pain.', 'duration': 26.308, 'max_score': 1080.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1080097.jpg'}, {'end': 1157.072, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1128.464, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1131.527, 'text': 'but there is nevertheless the presence of a subjective experience.', 'start': 1128.464, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 1133.789, 'text': 'Yeah, consciousness is just something.', 'start': 1131.826, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 1134.089, 'text': 'I mean.', 'start': 1133.789, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 1141.02, 'text': "look, it's a very ambiguous word, but if we're just using it to mean some kind of experience, some kind of inner life,", 'start': 1134.089, 'duration': 6.931}, {'end': 1143.383, 'text': 'that is pretty widespread in the animal kingdom.', 'start': 1141.02, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 1146.408, 'text': 'A bit difficult to say where it stops, where it starts, but..', 'start': 1143.403, 'duration': 3.005}, {'end': 1148.33, 'text': "you don't.", 'start': 1147.91, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 1157.072, 'text': "you certainly don't need something as sophisticated as the capacity to self-consciously tell stories about yourself to be to just have experience,", 'start': 1148.33, 'duration': 8.742}], 'summary': 'Consciousness, as subjective experience, is widespread in the animal kingdom, not requiring sophisticated self-awareness.', 'duration': 28.608, 'max_score': 1128.464, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1128464.jpg'}, {'end': 1296.464, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1273.841, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1281.752, 'text': "I'm not sure any non-human animals quite respond to considerations of value in that way.", 'start': 1273.841, 'duration': 7.911}, {'end': 1285.379, 'text': "I mean, I might be reflecting here that I'm something of an objectivist about value.", 'start': 1281.812, 'duration': 3.567}, {'end': 1293.323, 'text': 'I think there are objective facts about what we have reason to do and what we have reason to believe.', 'start': 1285.699, 'duration': 7.624}, {'end': 1294.663, 'text': 'And humans have access to those facts.', 'start': 1293.363, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 1296.464, 'text': 'And humans have access to them and can respond to them.', 'start': 1294.683, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Non-human animals may not respond to value considerations like humans, who have access to objective facts and can respond to them.', 'duration': 22.623, 'max_score': 1273.841, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1273841.jpg'}, {'end': 1658.403, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1632.361, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1638.187, 'text': "I mean, maybe you can use the word pleasure so broadly that you're just essentially meaning something worthwhile, but then.", 'start': 1632.361, 'duration': 5.826}, {'end': 1641.488, 'text': 'I think the word pleasure maybe loses its meaning.', 'start': 1639.386, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 1645.692, 'text': 'But what do you think about the blades of grass case?', 'start': 1641.508, 'duration': 4.184}, {'end': 1649.675, 'text': "What do you think about someone who spends their life counting blades of grass and doesn't enjoy it?", 'start': 1645.712, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 1658.403, 'text': "So I personally think it's impossible, or maybe I'm not understanding, even like the philosophical formulation,", 'start': 1650.296, 'duration': 8.107}], 'summary': "Discussion on the broad usage of 'pleasure' and the philosophical formulation.", 'duration': 26.042, 'max_score': 1632.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1632361.jpg'}, {'end': 1835.531, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1780.957, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1783.199, 'text': "It's something I feel the urge to do, but it's pointless.", 'start': 1780.957, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 1788.244, 'text': "Whereas other things I choose to do, I think it's worth doing.", 'start': 1783.64, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 1793.709, 'text': "And it's hard to make sense of metaphysically what could possibly ground that?", 'start': 1788.544, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 1794.95, 'text': 'How could we know about these facts?', 'start': 1793.749, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1798.294, 'text': "But That's the starting point for me.", 'start': 1795.03, 'duration': 3.264}, {'end': 1798.894, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 1798.454, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 1807.102, 'text': "I think you walking on the sidewalk in a way that's symmetrical brings order to the world.", 'start': 1799.255, 'duration': 7.847}, {'end': 1810.445, 'text': "If you weren't doing that, the world might fall apart.", 'start': 1807.362, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 1812.506, 'text': 'It feels like that.', 'start': 1810.465, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1815.929, 'text': "I think there's meaning in that.", 'start': 1813.727, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 1817.271, 'text': 'You embracing the full..', 'start': 1815.969, 'duration': 1.302}, {'end': 1827.987, 'text': 'like the full experience of that, you living the richness of that as if it has meaning will give meaning to it.', 'start': 1821.983, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 1835.531, 'text': 'And then whatever genius comes of that as you as one little intelligent ant will make a better life for everybody else.', 'start': 1828.407, 'duration': 7.124}], 'summary': "The speaker ponders the metaphysical basis of meaningful actions, suggesting that creating order and embracing life's richness can lead to a better life for everyone.", 'duration': 54.574, 'max_score': 1780.957, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1780957.jpg'}, {'end': 2003.493, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1939.167, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1941.028, 'text': "I couldn't sleep and I was late at night.", 'start': 1939.167, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 1955.365, 'text': "I know it's an obvious statement, but like every love story, eventually you know ends in loss, in tragedy.", 'start': 1942.249, 'duration': 13.116}, {'end': 1963.642, 'text': "so like this feeling of love, At the end there's always going to be tragedy.", 'start': 1955.365, 'duration': 8.277}, {'end': 1971.365, 'text': "Even if it's the most amazing lifelong love with another human being, one of you is going to die.", 'start': 1964.083, 'duration': 7.282}, {'end': 1974.047, 'text': "And I don't know which is worse.", 'start': 1971.385, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 1977.148, 'text': 'But both are not going to be pretty.', 'start': 1974.887, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 1981.749, 'text': "And so that the sense that it's finite,", 'start': 1977.908, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 1992.151, 'text': "the sense that it's going to end in a low that gives like richness to those kind of evenings when you realize this fucking thing ends,", 'start': 1981.749, 'duration': 10.402}, {'end': 1992.891, 'text': 'this thing ends.', 'start': 1992.151, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 2000.773, 'text': 'The feeling that it ends, that bad taste, that bad feeling that it ends.', 'start': 1994.111, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 2003.493, 'text': 'gives, meaning gives, joy, gives.', 'start': 2000.773, 'duration': 2.72}], 'summary': 'Love stories end in tragedy, bringing a sense of finiteness and richness to life.', 'duration': 64.326, 'max_score': 1939.167, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo1939167.jpg'}], 'start': 856.244, 'title': 'Consciousness and life goals', 'summary': 'Delves into consciousness terminology, panpsychism, and life goals, discussing challenges in defining consciousness, the uniqueness of human consciousness, and philosophical debates on life goals, emphasizing joy and fulfillment in pursuits.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1079.256, 'start': 856.244, 'title': 'Discussion on consciousness and terminology', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of terminology in understanding consciousness, highlighting the challenges in defining concepts like consciousness and knowledge, and the relevance of narrative theories in understanding the self.', 'duration': 223.012, 'highlights': ["The importance of terminology in understanding consciousness and the challenges in defining concepts like consciousness and knowledge, as demonstrated through the failures in providing precise necessary and sufficient conditions for words like 'knowledge'.", 'The relevance of narrative theories as a plausible contender for a theory of the self and identity over time, emphasizing the role of the stories we tell about ourselves and the chains of psychological continuity.', 'The significance of discussions on basic terminology like consciousness and panpsychism in attempting to gain deep insights and understanding in the field of artificial intelligence and computer science.']}, {'end': 1366.971, 'start': 1080.097, 'title': 'Consciousness and panpsychism', 'summary': "Explores the presence of subjective experience in animals, the uniqueness of human consciousness, and the capacity for reflective decision-making, emphasizing a continuity with the rest of the universe. it also discusses the access to objective facts about reason and belief that humans possess, contrasting with non-human animals' lack of access.", 'duration': 286.874, 'highlights': ['Humans have the capacity to reflect on conscious experience, plan for the future, and respond to normative considerations, distinguishing them from non-human animals. Reflective decision-making, objective access to reason and belief.', 'Consciousness is widespread in the animal kingdom, with subjective experience present even in less sophisticated beings like hamsters, challenging traditional views of consciousness. Presence of subjective experience in animals.', "Panpsychism posits a great continuity between humans and the rest of the universe, considering human consciousness as a highly evolved form of what exists throughout the universe. Panpsychism's view on human consciousness.", 'The chapter questions the Humean view of reason as the slave of passions, asserting the existence of objective facts about reason and belief that humans have access to, unlike non-human animals. Existence of objective facts about reason and belief.']}, {'end': 2003.493, 'start': 1366.971, 'title': 'The value of life goals', 'summary': 'Explores the philosophical debate on the value of life goals, arguing against the humean view and emphasizing the potential for joy and fulfillment in both worthwhile and seemingly mundane pursuits, while acknowledging the role of suffering in enriching life experiences.', 'duration': 636.522, 'highlights': ['The pursuit of worthwhile life goals is argued to have objective value, distinct from the Humean view, with examples like pursuing pleasure, scientific inquiry, and helping others being considered more worthwhile than mundane goals like counting blades of grass. (relevance score: 5)', 'The discussion challenges the notion that all actions are rooted in maximizing personal pleasure, highlighting the potential for fulfillment in struggle, suffering, and the discovery of joy and meaning beyond short-term pleasure. (relevance score: 4)', 'The debate delves into the idea that finding joy and fulfillment in seemingly mundane tasks, such as counting blades of grass, can be a valid pursuit, with emphasis on the mastery of skills and the potential for joy in the process, challenging the assumption that certain goals are inherently pointless. (relevance score: 3)', 'The concept of suffering and struggle enriching life experiences is emphasized, highlighting the role of lows in making highs richer and deeper, ultimately contributing to the overall joy and meaning in life. (relevance score: 2)', 'The discussion also explores the finite nature of life and the inevitability of loss and tragedy in love, emphasizing how the awareness of these realities adds richness and meaning to life experiences. (relevance score: 1)']}], 'duration': 1147.249, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo856244.jpg', 'highlights': ['The pursuit of worthwhile life goals is argued to have objective value, distinct from the Humean view, with examples like pursuing pleasure, scientific inquiry, and helping others being considered more worthwhile than mundane goals like counting blades of grass.', 'The discussion challenges the notion that all actions are rooted in maximizing personal pleasure, highlighting the potential for fulfillment in struggle, suffering, and the discovery of joy and meaning beyond short-term pleasure.', 'The debate delves into the idea that finding joy and fulfillment in seemingly mundane tasks, such as counting blades of grass, can be a valid pursuit, with emphasis on the mastery of skills and the potential for joy in the process, challenging the assumption that certain goals are inherently pointless.', 'The concept of suffering and struggle enriching life experiences is emphasized, highlighting the role of lows in making highs richer and deeper, ultimately contributing to the overall joy and meaning in life.', 'The discussion also explores the finite nature of life and the inevitability of loss and tragedy in love, emphasizing how the awareness of these realities adds richness and meaning to life experiences.', "The importance of terminology in understanding consciousness and the challenges in defining concepts like consciousness and knowledge, as demonstrated through the failures in providing precise necessary and sufficient conditions for words like 'knowledge'.", 'The relevance of narrative theories as a plausible contender for a theory of the self and identity over time, emphasizing the role of the stories we tell about ourselves and the chains of psychological continuity.', 'The significance of discussions on basic terminology like consciousness and panpsychism in attempting to gain deep insights and understanding in the field of artificial intelligence and computer science.', 'Humans have the capacity to reflect on conscious experience, plan for the future, and respond to normative considerations, distinguishing them from non-human animals. Reflective decision-making, objective access to reason and belief.', 'Consciousness is widespread in the animal kingdom, with subjective experience present even in less sophisticated beings like hamsters, challenging traditional views of consciousness. Presence of subjective experience in animals.', "Panpsychism posits a great continuity between humans and the rest of the universe, considering human consciousness as a highly evolved form of what exists throughout the universe. Panpsychism's view on human consciousness.", 'The chapter questions the Humean view of reason as the slave of passions, asserting the existence of objective facts about reason and belief that humans have access to, unlike non-human animals. Existence of objective facts about reason and belief.']}, {'end': 3375.033, 'segs': [{'end': 2074.408, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2030.984, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2039.588, 'text': "Because I think what makes counting the blades of grass joyful is it's just because it's life okay?", 'start': 2030.984, 'duration': 8.604}, {'end': 2040.508, 'text': 'so it sounds like you.', 'start': 2039.588, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 2047.172, 'text': "it sounds like you reject the the david hume type picture anyway, because you're saying, just because you have it as a goal,", 'start': 2040.508, 'duration': 6.664}, {'end': 2049.053, 'text': "that's what it is to be worthwhile.", 'start': 2047.172, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2053.396, 'text': "but you're saying no, it's because it's engaging with life riding the roller coaster.", 'start': 2049.053, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 2062.804, 'text': 'um, so that does sound like in some sense there are facts independent of our personal goal choices about what it means to live a good life.', 'start': 2053.396, 'duration': 9.408}, {'end': 2067.806, 'text': 'I mean, coming back full circle to the start of this was what makes us different to animals.', 'start': 2063.045, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 2072.748, 'text': "I don't think at the end of a hamster's life it thinks did I ride the roller coaster??", 'start': 2068.327, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 2074.408, 'text': 'Did I really live life to the full?', 'start': 2072.768, 'duration': 1.64}], 'summary': 'Engaging with life, not just having goals, makes it worthwhile.', 'duration': 43.424, 'max_score': 2030.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2030984.jpg'}, {'end': 2199.017, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2165.199, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2167.36, 'text': 'the last chapter we talk about meaning.', 'start': 2165.199, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 2168.5, 'text': 'yeah, i talk about meaning.', 'start': 2167.36, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 2171.682, 'text': 'i talk about free will and i talk about mystical experiences.', 'start': 2168.5, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 2179.445, 'text': 'so i always want to emphasize that panpsychism is not necessarily connected to anything spiritual.', 'start': 2171.682, 'duration': 7.763}, {'end': 2187.268, 'text': 'you know, a lot of people defending this view, like david charmers or luke roloffs, are just total atheist secularists.', 'start': 2179.445, 'duration': 7.823}, {'end': 2190.809, 'text': "right, they don't believe in any kind of transcendent reality.", 'start': 2187.268, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 2199.017, 'text': "they just believe in feelings, mundane consciousness and think that needs explaining, and our conventional scientific approach can't cut it.", 'start': 2190.809, 'duration': 8.208}], 'summary': "The discussion centered on panpsychism's connection to spirituality and its defense by atheist secularists.", 'duration': 33.818, 'max_score': 2165.199, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2165199.jpg'}, {'end': 2362.415, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2340.348, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2352.023, 'text': 'So I mean Buddhists and Hindu mystics try to meditate to get rid of all the bad karma to be absorbed into universal consciousness.', 'start': 2340.348, 'duration': 11.675}, {'end': 2357.909, 'text': "it could be that if, uh, if there's no karma, if there's no reverb, maybe everyone gets enlightened when they die.", 'start': 2352.023, 'duration': 5.886}, {'end': 2362.415, 'text': 'maybe you, uh, just sink back into universal consciousness.', 'start': 2357.909, 'duration': 4.506}], 'summary': 'Buddhists and hindu mystics meditate to eliminate bad karma and be absorbed into universal consciousness.', 'duration': 22.067, 'max_score': 2340.348, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2340348.jpg'}, {'end': 2550.766, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2528.042, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2544.436, 'text': 'I suppose the question is how ontologically serious do we want to be about those things? By which I mean Are they just a construction out of our minds and the fact that we interact in the standardly scientifically accepted ways??', 'start': 2528.042, 'duration': 16.394}, {'end': 2550.766, 'text': 'Or is, as someone like Rupert Sheldrake would think, that there is some metaphysical reality, there are some,', 'start': 2545.277, 'duration': 5.489}], 'summary': 'The discussion explores the ontological seriousness of metaphysical reality and scientific acceptance.', 'duration': 22.724, 'max_score': 2528.042, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2528042.jpg'}, {'end': 2722.545, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2695.525, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2699.489, 'text': "gets into people's identity and their sense of themselves and their security.", 'start': 2695.525, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 2704.034, 'text': "And make things hard if you're a panpsychist.", 'start': 2701.571, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 2708.059, 'text': 'And even the word expert becomes a kind of..', 'start': 2704.815, 'duration': 3.244}, {'end': 2711.821, 'text': 'I mean, you use the word expert.', 'start': 2709.68, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 2715.202, 'text': 'You have some kind of conception of what expertise means.', 'start': 2712.801, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 2722.545, 'text': "Oftentimes that's connected with a degree at a particularly prestigious university or something like that.", 'start': 2716.163, 'duration': 6.382}], 'summary': 'Discussion on identity, security, and expertise in academia.', 'duration': 27.02, 'max_score': 2695.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2695525.jpg'}, {'end': 3166.419, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3135.674, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3139.457, 'text': "If you don't have enough time, then don't speak so strongly with dismissal.", 'start': 3135.674, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 3141.919, 'text': 'Feel bad about it.', 'start': 3140.978, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 3146.963, 'text': "Be apologetic about the fact that you don't have enough time to explore the evidence.", 'start': 3142.179, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 3157.271, 'text': 'For example, the heat I got with Francis Collins is that he kind of said that lab leak, he kind of dismissed it.', 'start': 3147.063, 'duration': 10.208}, {'end': 3166.419, 'text': "showing that he didn't really deeply explore all the sort of the huge amount of circumstantial evidence out there,", 'start': 3158.232, 'duration': 8.187}], 'summary': 'Acknowledge time constraints when discussing evidence to avoid dismissiveness.', 'duration': 30.745, 'max_score': 3135.674, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo3135674.jpg'}, {'end': 3255.354, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3230.208, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3237.829, 'text': "But still there's possibilities on them to show humility and to be open-minded to the fact that they, even if they spent their whole life doing it,", 'start': 3230.208, 'duration': 7.621}, {'end': 3246.091, 'text': 'even if their whole community is telling them, giving them awards and giving them citations and giving them all kinds of stuff where,', 'start': 3237.829, 'duration': 8.262}, {'end': 3251.372, 'text': "like they're bowing down before them, how smart they are, they still know nothing.", 'start': 3246.091, 'duration': 5.281}, {'end': 3255.354, 'text': 'relative to all the stuff, the mysteries that are out there.', 'start': 3251.992, 'duration': 3.362}], 'summary': 'Despite recognition, individuals should remain humble and open-minded, acknowledging their limitations compared to the vast mysteries of the world.', 'duration': 25.146, 'max_score': 3230.208, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo3230208.jpg'}], 'start': 2003.493, 'title': 'Pleasure, panpsychism, and consciousness', 'summary': 'Delves into the deep pleasure of engaging with life, explores panpsychism as the solution to the hard problem of consciousness, discusses the concept of collective consciousness, and examines the challenges of expertise and humility.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2074.408, 'start': 2003.493, 'title': 'Pleasure and the meaning of life', 'summary': 'Discusses the deep pleasure of engaging with life, rather than reducing it to a set of goals, and explores the idea of living a good life independently of personal goal choices, using examples like counting blades of grass and riding a roller coaster.', 'duration': 70.915, 'highlights': ['Engaging with life brings deep pleasure, countering the idea of reducing life to set goals.', 'Living a good life may be independent of personal goal choices, as exemplified by engaging with life and deriving joy from it.', 'The chapter explores the contrast between experiencing life and setting specific goals, emphasizing the value of engaging with life itself.']}, {'end': 2362.415, 'start': 2074.748, 'title': 'Panpsychism and consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses panpsychism as the solution to the hard problem of consciousness, emphasizing its connection to life after death and its potential implications for mystical experiences and universal consciousness.', 'duration': 287.667, 'highlights': ['Panpsychism as a solution to the hard problem of consciousness The first four chapters present a cold-blooded case for the panpsychist view as the best solution to the hard problem of consciousness.', 'Connection between panpsychism and life after death The experimental final chapter explores the potential for a kind of impersonal life after death, suggesting that universal consciousness at the core of identity could continue to exist even after the particular aspects of conscious experience fall away.', 'Implications for mystical experiences and universal consciousness The chapter delves into the idea that panpsychism allows for a higher form of consciousness to be part of the underlying reality, potentially connecting to experiences of universal consciousness in deep states of meditation.']}, {'end': 2695.525, 'start': 2362.415, 'title': 'Collective consciousness and altruism', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of collective consciousness, suggesting that there is a shared universal consciousness and advocating for the rational acceptability of this mystical conception of reality based on expert testimony, challenging the notion of individual distinctness and exploring the potential implications for altruism and non-egotism.', 'duration': 333.11, 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the idea of a shared universal consciousness, suggesting that experienced meditators claim to have a realization that at the core of their identity is the same as others, potentially challenging the notion of individual distinctness.', 'The discussion advocates for the rational acceptability of a mystical conception of reality based on expert testimony from experienced meditators, challenging the conventional scientific understanding and emphasizing the importance of rigor and seriousness in considering such views.', "The speaker argues against the negative connotations associated with terms like 'new age' and highlights the need to approach certain views, such as mystical conceptual reality, with seriousness and rigor, akin to the approach toward scientific knowledge, challenging the biases and stereotypes associated with these terms."]}, {'end': 3375.033, 'start': 2695.525, 'title': 'Challenges of expertise and humility', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of expertise and humility, emphasizing the value of humility in true experts, the importance of protecting academic institutions as sources of trusted information, and the limitations of expertise in various fields such as science and philosophy.', 'duration': 679.508, 'highlights': ['The value of humility in true experts is emphasized, as individuals who are ultimately humble in the face of their knowledge are considered some of the best in their field. Value of humility in true experts, importance of humility in expertise', 'The importance of protecting academic institutions as sources of trusted information is highlighted, with an emphasis on the need for transparency and conflict of interest in academic and research organizations. Importance of protecting academic institutions, need for transparency and conflict of interest', 'The limitations of expertise, particularly in the field of science, are discussed, with a critique of so-called experts dismissing alternative perspectives without empathy or rigorous exploration of evidence. Limitations of expertise, critique of dismissing alternative perspectives']}], 'duration': 1371.54, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo2003493.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the contrast between experiencing life and setting specific goals, emphasizing the value of engaging with life itself.', 'Living a good life may be independent of personal goal choices, as exemplified by engaging with life and deriving joy from it.', 'Engaging with life brings deep pleasure, countering the idea of reducing life to set goals.', 'The first four chapters present a cold-blooded case for the panpsychist view as the best solution to the hard problem of consciousness.', 'The experimental final chapter explores the potential for a kind of impersonal life after death, suggesting that universal consciousness at the core of identity could continue to exist even after the particular aspects of conscious experience fall away.', 'The chapter delves into the idea that panpsychism allows for a higher form of consciousness to be part of the underlying reality, potentially connecting to experiences of universal consciousness in deep states of meditation.', 'The chapter explores the idea of a shared universal consciousness, suggesting that experienced meditators claim to have a realization that at the core of their identity is the same as others, potentially challenging the notion of individual distinctness.', 'The discussion advocates for the rational acceptability of a mystical conception of reality based on expert testimony from experienced meditators, challenging the conventional scientific understanding and emphasizing the importance of rigor and seriousness in considering such views.', 'The value of humility in true experts is emphasized, as individuals who are ultimately humble in the face of their knowledge are considered some of the best in their field.', 'The importance of protecting academic institutions as sources of trusted information is highlighted, with an emphasis on the need for transparency and conflict of interest in academic and research organizations.', 'The limitations of expertise, particularly in the field of science, are discussed, with a critique of so-called experts dismissing alternative perspectives without empathy or rigorous exploration of evidence.']}, {'end': 4807.244, 'segs': [{'end': 3573.723, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3547.252, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3551.793, 'text': 'eventually it gets more complicated and the jargon comes in and um.', 'start': 3547.252, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 3556.834, 'text': 'but then, if so, to write a, write a more accessible book or article,', 'start': 3551.793, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 3562.636, 'text': "you have to loosen the argument a bit and then we worry that other philosophers will think oh, that's a really crap argument.", 'start': 3556.834, 'duration': 5.802}, {'end': 3563.696, 'text': 'so i mean the way i did it.', 'start': 3562.636, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 3571, 'text': "i wrote my academic book, first consciousness of fundamental reality, And then a more accessible book Galileo's Error,", 'start': 3563.696, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 3573.723, 'text': 'where the arguments you know not as rigorously worked out.', 'start': 3571, 'duration': 2.723}], 'summary': "The speaker wrote an academic book on consciousness and a more accessible book on galileo's error with less rigorously worked out arguments.", 'duration': 26.471, 'max_score': 3547.252, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo3547252.jpg'}, {'end': 4141.118, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4094.611, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4098.554, 'text': 'whereas consciousness essentially involves qualities.', 'start': 4094.611, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 4106.798, 'text': 'If you think about the smell of coffee or the taste of mint or the deep red you experience as you watch a sunset.', 'start': 4098.674, 'duration': 8.124}, {'end': 4113.741, 'text': "I think these qualities can't be captured in the purely quantitative language of physical science.", 'start': 4107.558, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 4121.064, 'text': 'And so, as long as your description of the brain is framed in the purely quantitative language of neuroscience,', 'start': 4113.841, 'duration': 7.223}, {'end': 4125.505, 'text': "you'll just leave out these qualities and hence really leave out consciousness itself.", 'start': 4121.064, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 4131.404, 'text': "And then dualism? So I've actually changed my mind a little bit on this since I wrote the book.", 'start': 4126.345, 'duration': 5.059}, {'end': 4138.435, 'text': 'So, I mean, I argued in the book that we have pretty good experimental grounds for doubting dualism.', 'start': 4132.265, 'duration': 6.17}, {'end': 4141.118, 'text': 'And roughly the idea was..', 'start': 4139.475, 'duration': 1.643}], 'summary': "Consciousness qualities can't be captured in purely quantitative language of physical science, leaving out consciousness itself.", 'duration': 46.507, 'max_score': 4094.611, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4094611.jpg'}, {'end': 4386.417, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4351.017, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4352.718, 'text': "It can account for the data and it's simpler.", 'start': 4351.017, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 4365.484, 'text': "What is panpsychism? So in its broadest definition, it's the view that consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world.", 'start': 4353.659, 'duration': 11.825}, {'end': 4369.001, 'text': 'like a law of physics.', 'start': 4367.279, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 4370.202, 'text': 'what should we be imagining?', 'start': 4369.001, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 4371.323, 'text': 'What do you think?', 'start': 4370.242, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 4377.268, 'text': 'the different flavors of how that actually takes shape in the context of what we know about physics and science and the universe?', 'start': 4371.323, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 4386.417, 'text': 'So, in the simplest form of it, the fundamental building blocks of reality, perhaps electrons and quarks have incredibly simple forms of experience.', 'start': 4377.489, 'duration': 8.928}], 'summary': 'Panpsychism posits that fundamental particles have simple forms of consciousness.', 'duration': 35.4, 'max_score': 4351.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4351017.jpg'}, {'end': 4410.854, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4386.777, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4397.505, 'text': 'And the very complex experience of the human or animal brain is somehow rooted in or derived from these very simple forms of experience at the level of basic physics.', 'start': 4386.777, 'duration': 10.728}, {'end': 4410.854, 'text': 'But maybe the crucial bit about the kind of panpsychism I defend what it does is it takes the standard approach to the problem of consciousness and turns it on its head.', 'start': 4397.585, 'duration': 13.269}], 'summary': 'Panpsychism proposes consciousness rooted in basic physics.', 'duration': 24.077, 'max_score': 4386.777, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4386777.jpg'}, {'end': 4461.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4433.35, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4438.033, 'text': 'So the idea is basically at the fundamental level of reality, there are just..', 'start': 4433.35, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 4443.3, 'text': 'networks of very simple conscious entities.', 'start': 4440.299, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 4450.842, 'text': 'But these conscious entities, because they have very simple kinds of experience, they behave in predictable ways.', 'start': 4445, 'duration': 5.842}, {'end': 4454.603, 'text': 'Through their interactions, they realize certain mathematical structures.', 'start': 4451.502, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 4461.064, 'text': 'And then the idea is those mathematical structures just are the structures identified by physics.', 'start': 4455.343, 'duration': 5.721}], 'summary': 'Simple conscious entities form networks, realizing mathematical structures, which correspond to physics.', 'duration': 27.714, 'max_score': 4433.35, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4433350.jpg'}, {'end': 4664.065, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4640.632, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4648.539, 'text': "Because actually, when you look at what physics tells us, it's really just telling us about behavior, about what stuff does.", 'start': 4640.632, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 4654.344, 'text': "I sometimes put it by saying doing physics is like playing chess when you don't care what the pieces are made of.", 'start': 4649.44, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 4656.005, 'text': "You're just interested in what moves you can make.", 'start': 4654.364, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 4664.065, 'text': "So physics tells us what mass, spin, and charge do, but it doesn't tell us what they are.", 'start': 4656.586, 'duration': 7.479}], 'summary': 'Physics explains behavior, not composition. it defines mass, spin, and charge actions.', 'duration': 23.433, 'max_score': 4640.632, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4640632.jpg'}], 'start': 3375.373, 'title': 'Value of expertise and communication in science, fine tuning and multiverse argument, panpsychism and consciousness, the panpsychism theory and its implications', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of expertise in martial arts as a black belt and the challenge of communicating scientific ideas effectively, discusses the lack of awareness of a fallacious line of reasoning from fine tuning to the multiverse, explores the concept of panpsychism as a middle ground between materialism and dualism, and discusses the panpsychism theory and its implications for addressing the limitations of purely quantitative descriptions of the physical world and the current gaps in understanding the workings of the brain.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3622.91, 'start': 3375.373, 'title': 'Value of expertise and communication in science', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of expertise in martial arts as a black belt and the challenge of communicating scientific ideas effectively, highlighting the need for both expertise and accessible communication in the scientific community.', 'duration': 247.537, 'highlights': ["The value of expertise as demonstrated by the black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and the impact of visible rank on how people treat and defer to one's expertise.", 'The importance of raw interaction and exchange of ideas in science, emphasizing the need to often throw away expertise in the practice of combat and exchange of ideas.', 'The criticism of experts in science as being poor communicators and the challenge of balancing watertight arguments with accessible communication in the academic community.']}, {'end': 3962.585, 'start': 3624.371, 'title': 'Fine tuning and multiverse argument', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of awareness of a fallacious line of reasoning from fine tuning to the multiverse, with implications for scientists and theists, emphasizing the importance of exposing oneself to out-of-the-box ideas and the dangers of groupthink in philosophy and science.', 'duration': 338.214, 'highlights': ["The lack of awareness of a fallacious line of reasoning from fine tuning to the multiverse is discussed, with implications for scientists and theists. The argument attempts to show that it's fallacious reasoning to go from the fine tuning to the multiverse, with the fine tuning stuff generating huge interest among scientists and theists.", 'The importance of exposing oneself to out-of-the-box ideas is emphasized, with implications for academic and philosophical growth. The discussion highlights the formative process of academic growth, where the exposure to objections and disagreements is crucial for philosophical and academic development.', "The dangers of groupthink in philosophy and science are pointed out, with a comparison to the sciences' evaluation process and susceptibility to groupthink. The chapter discusses the subtle process of evaluation in philosophy, making it more susceptible to groupthink compared to the sciences, due to the lack of the same extent of evidence and refutation from evidence."]}, {'end': 4236.723, 'start': 3962.585, 'title': 'Panpsychism and consciousness', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of panpsychism as a middle ground between materialism and dualism, highlighting its potential to address the limitations of purely quantitative descriptions of the physical world and the current gaps in understanding the workings of the brain.', 'duration': 274.138, 'highlights': ['Panpsychism as a middle way between materialism and dualism Panpsychism is presented as a middle ground between the dominant views of materialism and dualism, offering an alternative perspective that suggests the ultimate nature of the physical world is constituted of consciousness.', 'Limitations of purely quantitative descriptions in physical science The debate around materialism includes the core issue that physical science works with purely quantitative descriptions, which fail to capture the qualitative aspects of consciousness, such as the smell of coffee or the taste of mint.', 'Gaps in understanding the workings of the brain The discussion highlights the current limitations in understanding the workings of the brain, emphasizing the lack of knowledge regarding how large-scale functions are realized at the cellular level and the low resolution of brain scans.']}, {'end': 4807.244, 'start': 4237.344, 'title': 'The panpsychism theory and its implications', 'summary': 'Discusses the panpsychism theory, which proposes that consciousness is a fundamental feature of the physical world, and argues that it can account for the data and provide a simpler theory of reality compared to dualism or materialism. it also addresses the misunderstandings of panpsychism in relation to physics and critiques the traditional approach to the problem of consciousness.', 'duration': 569.9, 'highlights': ['Panpsychism proposes that consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world, offering a simpler, unified picture of reality compared to dualism, and argues that it can account for the data and provide a simpler theory of reality compared to materialism. Panpsychism is presented as providing a simpler and more unified view of reality compared to dualism and materialism, and it is argued that it can account for the data in a more straightforward manner.', 'The chapter challenges the traditional approach to the problem of consciousness by suggesting that instead of trying to derive consciousness from matter, panpsychism starts with consciousness and attempts to explain matter from it. The traditional approach to the problem of consciousness is critiqued, and an alternative approach of starting with consciousness to explain matter is presented as a fundamental aspect of panpsychism.', 'The discussion addresses the misunderstanding that panpsychism proposes two separate kinds of properties for particles - physical and consciousness properties - and clarifies that panpsychism views physical properties as forms of consciousness, emphasizing that physics describes behavior rather than the essence of matter. A common misunderstanding of panpsychism is addressed, clarifying the view that physical properties are considered as forms of consciousness, and emphasizing that physics describes behavior rather than the essence of matter.']}], 'duration': 1431.871, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo3375373.jpg', 'highlights': ['Panpsychism as a middle way between materialism and dualism, offering an alternative perspective that suggests the ultimate nature of the physical world is constituted of consciousness.', 'The lack of awareness of a fallacious line of reasoning from fine tuning to the multiverse is discussed, with implications for scientists and theists.', "The value of expertise as demonstrated by the black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and the impact of visible rank on how people treat and defer to one's expertise.", 'The importance of exposing oneself to out-of-the-box ideas is emphasized, with implications for academic and philosophical growth.', 'Panpsychism proposes that consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world, offering a simpler, unified picture of reality compared to dualism, and argues that it can account for the data and provide a simpler theory of reality compared to materialism.', 'The criticism of experts in science as being poor communicators and the challenge of balancing watertight arguments with accessible communication in the academic community.', "The dangers of groupthink in philosophy and science are pointed out, with a comparison to the sciences' evaluation process and susceptibility to groupthink.", 'The importance of raw interaction and exchange of ideas in science, emphasizing the need to often throw away expertise in the practice of combat and exchange of ideas.', 'The chapter challenges the traditional approach to the problem of consciousness by suggesting that instead of trying to derive consciousness from matter, panpsychism starts with consciousness and attempts to explain matter from it.', 'The discussion addresses the misunderstanding that panpsychism proposes two separate kinds of properties for particles - physical and consciousness properties - and clarifies that panpsychism views physical properties as forms of consciousness, emphasizing that physics describes behavior rather than the essence of matter.', 'The debate around materialism includes the core issue that physical science works with purely quantitative descriptions, which fail to capture the qualitative aspects of consciousness, such as the smell of coffee or the taste of mint.', 'The discussion highlights the current limitations in understanding the workings of the brain, emphasizing the lack of knowledge regarding how large-scale functions are realized at the cellular level and the low resolution of brain scans.']}, {'end': 5627.836, 'segs': [{'end': 4833.299, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4807.264, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4813.751, 'text': "Her point is we shouldn't think there are any more properties to particles other than those the standard model attributes to them.", 'start': 4807.264, 'duration': 6.487}, {'end': 4816.546, 'text': "Panpsychists would say, yeah, sure, there aren't.", 'start': 4814.605, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 4822.511, 'text': 'There are just the properties, the physical properties, like mass, spin, and charge, that the standard model attributes to them.', 'start': 4816.787, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 4828.395, 'text': "It's just that we have a different philosophical view as to the nature of those properties.", 'start': 4822.571, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 4829.936, 'text': 'Yeah, so those properties are turtles.', 'start': 4828.415, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 4833.299, 'text': "They're sitting on top of another turtle, and that big turtle is consciousness.", 'start': 4829.976, 'duration': 3.323}], 'summary': 'Panpsychists believe particles have physical properties attributed by the standard model, but with a different philosophical view, seeing these properties as linked to consciousness.', 'duration': 26.035, 'max_score': 4807.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4807264.jpg'}, {'end': 4915.698, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4895.178, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4906.307, 'text': 'but one of the beautiful things to get at with panpsychism or with a solid theory of consciousness is to answer the question how do you engineer the thing??', 'start': 4895.178, 'duration': 11.129}, {'end': 4911.712, 'text': 'How do you get from nothing vacuum in the lab?', 'start': 4907.688, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 4915.698, 'text': 'if there is that consciousness-based layer?', 'start': 4913.217, 'duration': 2.481}], 'summary': 'Panpsychism explores consciousness engineering from a vacuum to a consciousness-based layer.', 'duration': 20.52, 'max_score': 4895.178, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4895178.jpg'}, {'end': 5113.487, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5057.994, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5068.926, 'text': 'like you keep going up and up in levels of complexity in order to describe objects that we have in our human world.', 'start': 5057.994, 'duration': 10.932}, {'end': 5076.269, 'text': 'And it would be nice to do the same thing for consciousness, to come up with the chemistry of consciousness, right?', 'start': 5069.847, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 5082.952, 'text': 'Like, how do the different particles interact, to create greater complexity?', 'start': 5077.05, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 5084.692, 'text': 'So you can do this kind of thing for life.', 'start': 5083.192, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 5086.353, 'text': 'Like. what is life?', 'start': 5084.752, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 5087.473, 'text': 'like living organisms?', 'start': 5086.353, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 5093.095, 'text': 'At which point do living organisms become living?', 'start': 5088.213, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 5097.697, 'text': 'How do you know, if I give you a thing, that that thing is living?', 'start': 5093.435, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 5105.042, 'text': "And there's a lot of people working on this kind of idea, and some of it has to do with the levels of complexity and so on.", 'start': 5098.297, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 5113.487, 'text': "It'd be nice to know like measuring different degrees of consciousness as you get into a bigger, more and more complex objects.", 'start': 5105.502, 'duration': 7.985}], 'summary': 'Exploring the chemistry of consciousness and measuring degrees of consciousness in complex objects.', 'duration': 55.493, 'max_score': 5057.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5057994.jpg'}, {'end': 5405.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5375.992, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5380.834, 'text': 'what kinds of physical brain activity correspond to conscious experience?', 'start': 5375.992, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 5389.397, 'text': "That's one part of it, but I think essentially there's also a theoretical question of more the why question.", 'start': 5381.734, 'duration': 7.663}, {'end': 5396.959, 'text': 'Why do those kinds of brain activity go along with certain kinds of conscious experience?', 'start': 5390.017, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 5401.02, 'text': "I don't think you can answer that, because consciousness is not publicly observable.", 'start': 5396.979, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 5405.081, 'text': "I don't think you can answer that why question with an experiment.", 'start': 5401.601, 'duration': 3.48}], 'summary': 'Exploring the correlation between brain activity and conscious experience, questioning the why and limitations due to consciousness not being publicly observable.', 'duration': 29.089, 'max_score': 5375.992, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5375992.jpg'}], 'start': 4807.264, 'title': 'Particle properties and consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the nature of particle properties, including the potential for consciousness as an additional property, contrasting philosophical views, and the potential for empirical validation. it also explores consciousness and panpsychism, covering the engineering of consciousness, the hierarchical framework, and the interdisciplinary task of measuring consciousness within the panpsychism framework.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4864.483, 'start': 4807.264, 'title': 'Nature of particle properties', 'summary': 'Discusses the nature of particle properties and the possibility of consciousness being an additional property, presenting contrasting philosophical views and the potential for empirical validation.', 'duration': 57.219, 'highlights': ['Panpsychists argue that particles have only the properties attributed by the standard model, but with a different philosophical view on the nature of those properties.', "The concept of consciousness being a fundamental property, likened to a 'big turtle' sitting on top of the properties attributed by the standard model.", 'Consideration of the possibility that consciousness is simply another unobserved property of particles, offering potential for empirical validation.']}, {'end': 5627.836, 'start': 4864.864, 'title': 'Exploring consciousness and panpsychism', 'summary': 'Delves into the exploration of consciousness and panpsychism, discussing the engineering of consciousness, the hierarchical framework of consciousness, and the interdisciplinary task of measuring consciousness within the panpsychism framework.', 'duration': 762.972, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the engineering of consciousness and the dream of understanding how simple forms of consciousness combine to create the rich experience of human consciousness. Engineering consciousness from a vacuum in the lab, understanding the emergence of consciousness in human beings from conception to neurobiology, and the dream of comprehending the combination of simple forms of consciousness to create human consciousness.', 'It explores the hierarchical framework of consciousness, hypothesizing that causal dynamics at different levels are filled out by corresponding forms of consciousness, ultimately leading to human consciousness. Hypothesizing a hierarchical framework where different levels of causal dynamics are filled out by forms of consciousness, aiming to explain the emergence of human consciousness within this framework.', 'The interdisciplinary task of measuring consciousness within the panpsychism framework is addressed, including the experimental aspect of identifying neural correlates of consciousness and the theoretical aspect of understanding the correlation between brain activity and conscious experience. The interdisciplinary task of measuring consciousness, including the experimental aspect of identifying neural correlates of consciousness and the theoretical aspect of understanding the correlation between brain activity and conscious experience.']}], 'duration': 820.572, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo4807264.jpg', 'highlights': ['Panpsychists argue that particles have only the properties attributed by the standard model, but with a different philosophical view on the nature of those properties.', "The concept of consciousness being a fundamental property, likened to a 'big turtle' sitting on top of the properties attributed by the standard model.", 'Consideration of the possibility that consciousness is simply another unobserved property of particles, offering potential for empirical validation.', 'The chapter discusses the engineering of consciousness and the dream of understanding how simple forms of consciousness combine to create the rich experience of human consciousness.', 'Exploring the hierarchical framework of consciousness, hypothesizing that causal dynamics at different levels are filled out by corresponding forms of consciousness, ultimately leading to human consciousness.', 'The interdisciplinary task of measuring consciousness within the panpsychism framework is addressed, including the experimental aspect of identifying neural correlates of consciousness and the theoretical aspect of understanding the correlation between brain activity and conscious experience.']}, {'end': 6313.103, 'segs': [{'end': 5652.165, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5627.836, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5634.477, 'text': 'because the way it stores information is is dependent on the interconnections of the system.', 'start': 5627.836, 'duration': 6.641}, {'end': 5635.378, 'text': 'so yeah,', 'start': 5634.477, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 5647.522, 'text': "so that's one proposal for how to measure one um gradable characteristic which might correspond to some gradable characteristic in qualitative consciousness.", 'start': 5635.378, 'duration': 12.144}, {'end': 5652.165, 'text': "And maybe I'm being very pedantic, which is, you know, philosophers, professional pedants.", 'start': 5648.203, 'duration': 3.962}], 'summary': 'Proposal to measure gradable characteristic in qualitative consciousness via interconnections in the system.', 'duration': 24.329, 'max_score': 5627.836, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5627836.jpg'}, {'end': 5836.953, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5804.316, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5810.744, 'text': "These are forms of suffering that aren't available to most non-human animals.", 'start': 5804.316, 'duration': 6.428}, {'end': 5822.527, 'text': "whether there's a an overall scale that we could put physical and emotional suffering on and um identify where you are on that scale?", 'start': 5811.863, 'duration': 10.664}, {'end': 5825.208, 'text': "um, i'm not so sure.", 'start': 5822.527, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 5834.211, 'text': "so it's like humans have a much bigger menu of experiences, much bigger selection in the, in one sense at least.", 'start': 5825.208, 'duration': 9.003}, {'end': 5836.953, 'text': "So there's like a page that's suffering.", 'start': 5834.831, 'duration': 2.122}], 'summary': 'Humans have a wider range of suffering experiences compared to most non-human animals.', 'duration': 32.637, 'max_score': 5804.316, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5804316.jpg'}, {'end': 5996.237, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5909.257, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5917.539, 'text': "So let me just ask about suffering, because that's how people think about animals, cruelty to animals or cruelty to living things.", 'start': 5909.257, 'duration': 8.282}, {'end': 5922.38, 'text': 'They connect that to suffering and to consciousness.', 'start': 5918.759, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 5923.301, 'text': 'I think..', 'start': 5923.061, 'duration': 0.24}, {'end': 5927.966, 'text': "there's a sense in which those two are deeply connected.", 'start': 5925.183, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 5942.661, 'text': "when people are thinking about just public policy, they're thinking about philosophy, engineering, psychology, sociology, political science.", 'start': 5927.966, 'duration': 14.695}, {'end': 5947.046, 'text': 'all of those things have to do with human suffering and animal suffering, life suffering.', 'start': 5942.661, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 5951.147, 'text': "And that's connected to consciousness in a lot of people's minds.", 'start': 5947.706, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 5952.827, 'text': 'Is it connected, like that for you?', 'start': 5951.167, 'duration': 1.66}, {'end': 5965.131, 'text': 'So the capacity to suffer, is it also somehow strongly correlated with the capacity to experience consciously??', 'start': 5953.288, 'duration': 11.843}, {'end': 5969.252, 'text': 'Yeah, I would say, suffering is a kind of experience.', 'start': 5965.191, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 5973.013, 'text': 'And so you have to be conscious to suffer.', 'start': 5969.672, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 5975.494, 'text': "Actually, there's..", 'start': 5973.993, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 5981.222, 'text': 'well, people taking more unusual views of consciousness seriously.', 'start': 5977.418, 'duration': 3.804}, {'end': 5986.367, 'text': 'now, um, panpsychism is, is is one radical approach.', 'start': 5981.222, 'duration': 5.145}, {'end': 5994.035, 'text': "another one is what's become known as illusionism, the view that uh consciousness, at least in the sense that philosophers think about it,", 'start': 5986.367, 'duration': 7.668}, {'end': 5996.237, 'text': "doesn't really exist at all.", 'start': 5994.035, 'duration': 2.202}], 'summary': 'Suffering and consciousness are deeply connected to public policy, philosophy, and animal suffering.', 'duration': 86.98, 'max_score': 5909.257, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5909257.jpg'}], 'start': 5627.836, 'title': 'Measuring consciousness and ethical considerations', 'summary': 'Explores challenges in measuring consciousness and the debate over human and non-human suffering, emphasizing the ethical implications and proposing alternatives for minimizing harm.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5678.842, 'start': 5627.836, 'title': 'Measuring gradable characteristics in consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of measuring gradable characteristics in qualitative consciousness, questioning the concept of quantifying the amount of experience and proposing that information storage relies on system interconnections.', 'duration': 51.006, 'highlights': ['The concept of quantifying the amount of experience is questioned, as it is difficult to make sense of the idea of measuring the quantity of experience, challenging the notion of a quantifiable amount of experience.', 'The proposal that information storage depends on the interconnections of the system is presented as a possible method for measuring gradable characteristics in qualitative consciousness, suggesting a link between the structure of experience and gradable characteristics.', 'The speaker acknowledges the possibility of being pedantic in questioning the quantifiability of experience, recognizing the role of professional pedantry in philosophical discussions.']}, {'end': 6313.103, 'start': 5679.122, 'title': 'Human vs non-human suffering', 'summary': 'Discusses the complexity of conscious experience, the capacity to suffer, and its correlation with consciousness, highlighting the debate between illusionism and the value of consciousness in determining moral rights, with a focus on minimizing harm through ethical choices.', 'duration': 633.981, 'highlights': ['The complexity of conscious experience and the capacity to suffer is discussed, questioning whether humans suffer more deeply than non-human animals, and the unquantifiability of suffering. Discussion on the difficulty in quantifying suffering, the comparison of human and non-human suffering, and the complexity of conscious experience.', 'The debate between illusionism and the value of consciousness in determining moral rights is presented, with a focus on the correlation between suffering and consciousness. Debate on illusionism, its connection to morality, and the correlation between suffering and consciousness in determining moral rights.', 'The ethical dilemma of minimizing harm through choices such as avoiding factory farmed animal products is explored, with a suggestion to focus on harm minimization through ethical consumer choices. Discussion on the ethical complexities of minimizing harm, focusing on the avoidance of factory farmed animal products and the suggestion of harm minimization through ethical consumer choices.']}], 'duration': 685.267, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo5627836.jpg', 'highlights': ['The proposal that information storage depends on the interconnections of the system is presented as a possible method for measuring gradable characteristics in qualitative consciousness, suggesting a link between the structure of experience and gradable characteristics.', 'The debate between illusionism and the value of consciousness in determining moral rights is presented, with a focus on the correlation between suffering and consciousness. Debate on illusionism, its connection to morality, and the correlation between suffering and consciousness in determining moral rights.', 'The ethical dilemma of minimizing harm through choices such as avoiding factory farmed animal products is explored, with a suggestion to focus on harm minimization through ethical consumer choices. Discussion on the ethical complexities of minimizing harm, focusing on the avoidance of factory farmed animal products and the suggestion of harm minimization through ethical consumer choices.', 'The concept of quantifying the amount of experience is questioned, as it is difficult to make sense of the idea of measuring the quantity of experience, challenging the notion of a quantifiable amount of experience.', 'The complexity of conscious experience and the capacity to suffer is discussed, questioning whether humans suffer more deeply than non-human animals, and the unquantifiability of suffering. Discussion on the difficulty in quantifying suffering, the comparison of human and non-human suffering, and the complexity of conscious experience.', 'The speaker acknowledges the possibility of being pedantic in questioning the quantifiability of experience, recognizing the role of professional pedantry in philosophical discussions.']}, {'end': 7674.28, 'segs': [{'end': 6894.822, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6855.217, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6857.86, 'text': "Yeah, I wouldn't even call it murder maybe.", 'start': 6855.217, 'duration': 2.643}, {'end': 6859.342, 'text': 'Right, exactly.', 'start': 6858.621, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 6864.368, 'text': 'Turn off the power into the philosophical zombie, the source of energy.', 'start': 6859.602, 'duration': 4.766}, {'end': 6868.033, 'text': 'Yeah So here comes then the question.', 'start': 6864.388, 'duration': 3.645}, {'end': 6870.776, 'text': 'We kind of talked about this offline a little bit.', 'start': 6868.773, 'duration': 2.003}, {'end': 6882.096, 'text': "So I think that there is something special about consciousness and I'm very open-minded about where the special comes from,", 'start': 6872.651, 'duration': 9.445}, {'end': 6894.822, 'text': "whether it's the fundamental base of all reality like you're describing or whether there's some importance to the special pockets of consciousness that's in humans or living organisms.", 'start': 6882.096, 'duration': 12.726}], 'summary': 'Discussion about the philosophical aspects of consciousness and its significance in living organisms.', 'duration': 39.605, 'max_score': 6855.217, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo6855217.jpg'}, {'end': 7350.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7319.788, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7323.03, 'text': "So it's always human centric, always human first.", 'start': 7319.788, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7324.491, 'text': 'But I am concerned about that.', 'start': 7323.29, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 7328.933, 'text': "At the same time, I'm concerned about calling the other.", 'start': 7324.831, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 7335.735, 'text': "it's the group thing that we mentioned earlier in the conversation, some other group, the philosophical zombie.", 'start': 7328.933, 'duration': 6.802}, {'end': 7340.797, 'text': "Like you're not conscious, I'm conscious, you're not conscious, therefore it's okay if you die.", 'start': 7336.175, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 7350.823, 'text': "I think that's probably that kind of reasoning is what leaded to most the rich history of genocide that I've been recently studying,", 'start': 7341.558, 'duration': 9.265}], 'summary': 'The conversation highlights concerns about group mentality and its impact on historical atrocities.', 'duration': 31.035, 'max_score': 7319.788, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo7319788.jpg'}, {'end': 7676.421, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7651.228, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7656.051, 'text': "Let me ask you a quick sort of a fun question since it's fresh on your mind.", 'start': 7651.228, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 7662.555, 'text': 'You just yesterday had a conversation with Mr. Joe Rogan on his podcast.', 'start': 7657.032, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 7665.076, 'text': "What's your post-mortem analysis of the chat?", 'start': 7662.815, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 7668.938, 'text': 'What are some interesting sticking points, disagreements or joint insights?', 'start': 7665.736, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 7674.28, 'text': "If we can kind of resolve them once you've had a chance to sleep on it and then I'll talk to Joe about it.", 'start': 7669.098, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 7676.421, 'text': 'Yeah, it was good fun.', 'start': 7675.561, 'duration': 0.86}], 'summary': "Elon musk recently appeared on joe rogan's podcast and had a good time.", 'duration': 25.193, 'max_score': 7651.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo7651228.jpg'}], 'start': 6313.103, 'title': 'Diverse consciousness debates', 'summary': "Explores polar opposite views on consciousness and podcasts, debates panpsychism's role in mental causation, ethical implications of robot consciousness, and emergent dynamics in the brain, emphasizing respectful dialogue and societal impact.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6499.177, 'start': 6313.103, 'title': 'Philosophical dialogue on consciousness and podcasts', 'summary': 'Delves into the philosophical dialogue on consciousness and podcasts, exploring the coexistence of polar opposite views and the importance of respectful discussions, while also touching on the engagement with physicist sean carroll and the relevance of philosophy in addressing bad philosophy.', 'duration': 186.074, 'highlights': ["The chapter explores the coexistence of polar opposite views on consciousness, emphasizing the importance of respectful discussions and understanding differing perspectives. The individuals in the podcast have polar opposite views on consciousness, yet they engage in respectful discussions to understand each other's perspectives.", 'The discussion with physicist Sean Carroll is mentioned, highlighting the engagement with deep philosophical questions and the importance of constructive discussions despite potential disagreements. The chapter discusses engaging with physicist Sean Carroll, emphasizing the importance of constructive discussions despite potential disagreements on deep philosophical questions.', 'The relevance of philosophy in addressing bad philosophy is emphasized, citing instances where certain physicists dismiss philosophy and engage in subpar philosophical reasoning. The chapter emphasizes the relevance of philosophy in addressing bad philosophy, citing instances where certain physicists dismiss philosophy and engage in subpar philosophical reasoning.']}, {'end': 6819.376, 'start': 6499.378, 'title': 'Panpsychism debate: consciousness and causality', 'summary': 'Discusses a panpsychism debate, addressing the role of consciousness in mental causation, comparing it to software and hardware, and emphasizing its impact on human civilization and society.', 'duration': 319.998, 'highlights': ['The panpsychist view compares the relationship between physics and consciousness to that of software and hardware, asserting that consciousness at the fundamental level is the hardware on which the software of physics runs.', 'Consciousness is argued to have a significant impact on human civilization and society, influencing progress in areas such as suffering, morality, motivation, love, and fear.', 'The debate revolves around the concept that consciousness, in all its forms, plays a crucial role in causality, with varying levels of complexity and impact at different levels of reality.']}, {'end': 7371.551, 'start': 6819.977, 'title': 'Morality and consciousness in robotics', 'summary': 'Delves into the ethical implications of consciousness in robots, discussing the difficulty in determining robot consciousness, the potential manipulation by philosophical zombies, and the moral dilemma of extending empathy and compassion to robots.', 'duration': 551.574, 'highlights': ['Determining robot consciousness is challenging due to the difficulty in identifying the neural correlates of consciousness, with no consensus on its location and no empirical means to distinguish between hardware and software as the basis of consciousness.', 'The potential manipulation by philosophical zombies raises concerns about the ethical implications and the need to create systems that prioritize human well-being without manipulation.', 'The moral dilemma of extending empathy and compassion to robots raises questions about whether to include robots in the circle of empathy and compassion or exclude them, with implications for ethical decision-making and historical genocide.', 'The discussion also explores the difficulty in discerning the consciousness of robots, highlighting the challenges in identifying consciousness in non-human entities and the potential for robots to simulate consciousness without possessing it.', 'The chapter also addresses the ethical implications of treating robots as conscious beings, despite the lack of empirical evidence of their consciousness, leading to a complex moral landscape in human-robot interactions.']}, {'end': 7674.28, 'start': 7371.571, 'title': 'Consciousness and emergent dynamics', 'summary': 'Discusses the ongoing debate about strongly emergent causal dynamics of consciousness in the brain and its implications for the science of consciousness and moral rights, while addressing the distinction between zombies and non-zombies.', 'duration': 302.709, 'highlights': ["The ongoing debate about whether consciousness is strongly emergent and associated with new causal dynamics in the brain, not reducible to underlying chemistry and physics, challenges current physics' confidence in ruling out strongly emergent causal dynamics.", 'Identifying strongly emergent causal dynamics associated with consciousness in specific brain regions could significantly advance the understanding of consciousness and aid in determining which entities are conscious.', 'The distinction between zombies and non-zombies is discussed in relation to the historical and practical implications of resistance and moral rights, emphasizing the challenge of empirically defining who is a zombie.', 'The ontological question of consciousness and the epistemological question of how to determine consciousness are highlighted, emphasizing the need to establish the fact of consciousness and its implications for moral rights despite the challenges in determining it empirically.']}], 'duration': 1361.177, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo6313103.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the coexistence of polar opposite views on consciousness, emphasizing the importance of respectful discussions and understanding differing perspectives.', 'The panpsychist view compares the relationship between physics and consciousness to that of software and hardware, asserting that consciousness at the fundamental level is the hardware on which the software of physics runs.', 'Determining robot consciousness is challenging due to the difficulty in identifying the neural correlates of consciousness, with no consensus on its location and no empirical means to distinguish between hardware and software as the basis of consciousness.', "The ongoing debate about whether consciousness is strongly emergent and associated with new causal dynamics in the brain, not reducible to underlying chemistry and physics, challenges current physics' confidence in ruling out strongly emergent causal dynamics."]}, {'end': 8300.079, 'segs': [{'end': 7711.384, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7675.561, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7676.421, 'text': 'Yeah, it was good fun.', 'start': 7675.561, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 7678.382, 'text': 'Yeah, he put up a bit of a fight.', 'start': 7676.461, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 7691.728, 'text': "Yeah, it was challenging my view that we can't explain these things in conventional scientific terms or whether they have already been explained in conventional scientific terms.", 'start': 7678.602, 'duration': 13.126}, {'end': 7701.296, 'text': "I suppose the point I was trying to press is we've got to distinguish the question of correlation and explanation.", 'start': 7692.609, 'duration': 8.687}, {'end': 7711.384, 'text': "Yes, we've established facts about correlation that certain kinds of brain activity go along with certain kinds of experience.", 'start': 7703.798, 'duration': 7.586}], 'summary': 'Challenging the conventional scientific explanation of brain activity and experience correlation.', 'duration': 35.823, 'max_score': 7675.561, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo7675561.jpg'}, {'end': 8083.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8046.801, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8050.484, 'text': 'whether dualism is consistent with conservation of energy.', 'start': 8046.801, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 8061.054, 'text': "So Paul Churchland, who's a philosopher, who's also on this boat, had argued they're not consistent,", 'start': 8051.886, 'duration': 9.168}, {'end': 8067.5, 'text': "because if there's an immaterial soul doing things in the brain, that's going to add to the energy in the system.", 'start': 8061.054, 'duration': 6.446}, {'end': 8068.841, 'text': 'so we have a violation of conservation.', 'start': 8067.5, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 8072.002, 'text': "Well, it's not my own point.", 'start': 8070.421, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 8083.087, 'text': 'Materialist philosophers like David Papineau have pointed out that you know dualists like David Chalmers, who call themselves naturalistic dualists.', 'start': 8072.062, 'duration': 11.025}], 'summary': 'Debate on dualism and conservation of energy by philosophers.', 'duration': 36.286, 'max_score': 8046.801, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo8046801.jpg'}], 'start': 7675.561, 'title': 'Philosophical debate on consciousness and dualism', 'summary': 'Discusses the debate on consciousness, exploring different theories and the underlying philosophical questions, with a focus on the correlation and explanation of brain activity and conscious experience. it also delves into the compatibility of dualism with conservation of energy, highlighting arguments of philosophers and potential for psychophysical laws to respect conservation of energy, along with discussions involving daniel dennett and the center for consciousness studies in russia.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8043.354, 'start': 7675.561, 'title': 'Philosophical debate on consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the debate on consciousness, exploring different theories and the underlying philosophical questions, with a focus on the correlation and explanation of brain activity and conscious experience.', 'duration': 367.793, 'highlights': ['The debate revolves around the correlation and explanation of brain activity and conscious experience, with different theories offering explanations for why certain brain activities are tied to specific experiences.', 'The philosophical question of why certain kinds of brain activity go along with certain kinds of experience is explored, highlighting the distinction between correlation and explanation.', 'The chapter also delves into the comparison of the study of physical correlates of consciousness to different interpretations of quantum mechanics, emphasizing the complexity of evaluating these philosophical questions.', 'The discussion touches on the interaction between philosophers and the state of consciousness studies in Russia, particularly referencing interactions with Daniel Dennett and the Moscow Center of Consciousness Studies.']}, {'end': 8300.079, 'start': 8046.801, 'title': 'Dualism and conservation of energy', 'summary': 'Discusses the compatibility of dualism with conservation of energy, highlighting the arguments of philosophers like paul churchland and david chalmers, and the potential for psychophysical laws to respect conservation of energy. additionally, it touches upon a conversation about dualism with daniel dennett and the efforts of the center for consciousness studies in russia.', 'duration': 253.278, 'highlights': ['David Chalmers believes in psychophysical laws of nature over and above the laws of physics that govern the connections between consciousness and the physical world, potentially respecting conservation of energy.', 'The conversation about dualism with Daniel Dennett reveals a moment of potential agreement on a specific point, indicating a win in the discussion.', "The efforts of the Center for Consciousness Studies in Russia, funded by Dimitri and involving graduate students from Moscow State University, aim to bring people together and produce thought-provoking content like a book on different philosophers' opinions on big questions.", "Dmitry Volkov's efforts to connect Russian scientists with the rest of the world, including meeting with the Dalai Lama, signify a beautiful push for global collaboration in fields like science and philosophy."]}], 'duration': 624.518, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo7675561.jpg', 'highlights': ['The debate revolves around the correlation and explanation of brain activity and conscious experience, with different theories offering explanations for why certain brain activities are tied to specific experiences.', 'David Chalmers believes in psychophysical laws of nature over and above the laws of physics that govern the connections between consciousness and the physical world, potentially respecting conservation of energy.', 'The philosophical question of why certain kinds of brain activity go along with certain kinds of experience is explored, highlighting the distinction between correlation and explanation.', 'The chapter also delves into the comparison of the study of physical correlates of consciousness to different interpretations of quantum mechanics, emphasizing the complexity of evaluating these philosophical questions.', "The efforts of the Center for Consciousness Studies in Russia, funded by Dimitri and involving graduate students from Moscow State University, aim to bring people together and produce thought-provoking content like a book on different philosophers' opinions on big questions."]}, {'end': 9981.581, 'segs': [{'end': 8527.413, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8502.805, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8511.888, 'text': "He really gets stuck on the terminologies, which rightfully you have to get right in order to really understand what we're talking about.", 'start': 8502.805, 'duration': 9.083}, {'end': 8514.369, 'text': 'But sometimes you can get stuck with them for the entire conversation.', 'start': 8511.948, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 8517.73, 'text': "It's a fascinating dance, the one we spoke to in philosophy.", 'start': 8514.709, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 8527.413, 'text': "If you can't, if you don't get the terms precise, you can't really be having the same conversation.", 'start': 8518.39, 'duration': 9.023}], 'summary': 'Precise terminologies are crucial in philosophical conversations for mutual understanding.', 'duration': 24.608, 'max_score': 8502.805, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo8502805.jpg'}, {'end': 8896.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8827.532, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8831.715, 'text': 'because this decision essentially involved responsiveness to reasons.', 'start': 8827.532, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 8833.656, 'text': "So that's the answer to that.", 'start': 8832.856, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 8836.739, 'text': 'And I think actually that kind of thought also.', 'start': 8833.877, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 8841.342, 'text': 'I think you were hinting at the famous Libet experiments,', 'start': 8836.739, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 8851.794, 'text': 'where he got his subjects to perform some kind of random action of pressing a button and then note the time, they decided to press it, quote, unquote,', 'start': 8841.342, 'duration': 10.452}, {'end': 8860.924, 'text': "and then he's scanning the brains and he claims to have found that about half a second before they consciously decided to press the button.", 'start': 8851.794, 'duration': 9.13}, {'end': 8864.727, 'text': 'the brain is getting ready to perform that action.', 'start': 8860.924, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 8870.631, 'text': 'So he claimed that about half a second before the person has consciously decided to press the button,', 'start': 8864.927, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 8874.793, 'text': "the brain has already started the activity that's going to lead to the action.", 'start': 8870.631, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 8881.397, 'text': "And then later people have claimed that there's a difference of maybe seven to 10 seconds.", 'start': 8876.134, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 8889.517, 'text': "I mean there are all sorts of issues with these experiments, but one is that, as far as I'm aware,", 'start': 8881.878, 'duration': 7.639}, {'end': 8896.662, 'text': "all of the quote unquote choices they've focused on are just these totally random, senseless actions like just pressing a button for no reason.", 'start': 8889.517, 'duration': 7.145}], 'summary': 'Libet experiments show brain prepares for action half a second before conscious decision.', 'duration': 69.13, 'max_score': 8827.532, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo8827532.jpg'}, {'end': 9298.259, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9277.306, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9289.093, 'text': "what's going to happen is exactly the same thing is happening in chess now, which is, once the chess far superseded the capabilities of humans.", 'start': 9277.306, 'duration': 11.787}, {'end': 9293.116, 'text': 'humans just kind of forgot about them, or they use them to help them out, to study and stuff.', 'start': 9289.093, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 9295.997, 'text': 'But we still, we say, okay, let the engines be.', 'start': 9293.156, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 9298.259, 'text': 'And then we humans will just play amongst each other.', 'start': 9296.017, 'duration': 2.242}], 'summary': 'Chess engines have far surpassed human capabilities, leading to humans using them for studying and playing amongst each other.', 'duration': 20.953, 'max_score': 9277.306, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo9277306.jpg'}, {'end': 9892.133, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9861.015, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9864.776, 'text': "But what you can say is, you can say to your friend, I have faith that you're going to get better.", 'start': 9861.015, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 9871.138, 'text': 'That is, I choose to live in hope about that possibility.', 'start': 9865.076, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 9873.899, 'text': 'I choose to orientate my life towards that hope.', 'start': 9871.158, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 9879.001, 'text': "Similarly, I don't think we know whether or not there's a purpose to existence,", 'start': 9874.759, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 9884.803, 'text': 'but I think we can make the choice to live in hope of that possibility.', 'start': 9879.001, 'duration': 5.802}, {'end': 9892.133, 'text': 'And I find that a worthwhile and fulfilling way to live.', 'start': 9884.843, 'duration': 7.29}], 'summary': 'Choosing hope and faith as a fulfilling way to live.', 'duration': 31.118, 'max_score': 9861.015, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo9861015.jpg'}, {'end': 9977.674, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 9884.843, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9892.133, 'text': 'And I find that a worthwhile and fulfilling way to live.', 'start': 9884.843, 'duration': 7.29}, {'end': 9902.839, 'text': "So maybe as your editor, I would collaborate with you on the edit of the Hitchhiker's Guide entry that instead of worth a visit,", 'start': 9892.373, 'duration': 10.466}, {'end': 9906.822, 'text': "we'll insert hopefully worth a visit.", 'start': 9902.839, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 9913.62, 'text': "or the inhabitants hoped that you would think it's worth a visit.", 'start': 9908.297, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 9918.743, 'text': "Philip, you're an incredible mind, an incredible human being, and indeed are humble.", 'start': 9914.461, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 9930.431, 'text': "And I'm really happy that you're able to argue and take on some of these difficult questions with some of the most brilliant people in the world,", 'start': 9920.604, 'duration': 9.827}, {'end': 9932.493, 'text': 'which are the philosophers thinking about the human mind.', 'start': 9930.431, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 9934.636, 'text': 'So this was an awesome conversation.', 'start': 9932.553, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 9937.639, 'text': 'I hope you continue talking to folks like Sam Harris.', 'start': 9934.676, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 9938.96, 'text': "I'm so glad you talked to Joe.", 'start': 9937.679, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 9943.685, 'text': "I can't wait to see what you write, what you say, what you think next.", 'start': 9938.98, 'duration': 4.705}, {'end': 9945.027, 'text': 'Thank you so much for talking today.', 'start': 9944.006, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 9946.43, 'text': 'Thanks very much, Lex.', 'start': 9945.649, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 9948.331, 'text': 'This has been a really fascinating conversation.', 'start': 9946.47, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 9953.395, 'text': "I've got a lot I need to think about actually just from this conversation, but thanks for chatting to me.", 'start': 9949.132, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 9956.598, 'text': 'Thanks for listening to this conversation with Philip Goff.', 'start': 9954.456, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 9960.341, 'text': 'To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 9957.038, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 9963.743, 'text': 'And now let me leave you with some words from Carl Jung.', 'start': 9960.801, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 9970.489, 'text': 'People will do anything, no matter how absurd, in order to avoid facing their own souls.', 'start': 9964.684, 'duration': 5.805}, {'end': 9977.674, 'text': 'One does not become enlightened by imagining figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious.', 'start': 9971.644, 'duration': 6.03}], 'summary': 'Fascinating conversation about human mind with philip goff, sparking the need for further contemplation.', 'duration': 92.831, 'max_score': 9884.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo9884843.jpg'}], 'start': 8300.419, 'title': 'Free will and consciousness', 'summary': "Discusses the original plan of a discussion on free will and consciousness, including opposing viewpoints from a panpsychist and substance dualist, exploring the connection between free will and consciousness, and delving into brain dynamics' potential impact on free will and the panpsychist approach.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8339.947, 'start': 8300.419, 'title': 'Free will and consciousness discussion', 'summary': 'Discusses the original plan of a discussion on free will and consciousness, including the inclusion of opposing viewpoints from a panpsychist and substance dualist, alongside fans of dennett, expanding the scope of the conversation.', 'duration': 39.528, 'highlights': ['The original plan was to discuss free will and consciousness from the Dennett type camp.', 'David Charmers suggested including people with opposing views, leading to the inclusion of a panpsychist and substance dualist.', 'Martina Niederrummelen, a substance dualist at University of Fribourg in Switzerland, was part of the opposition group.']}, {'end': 8753.361, 'start': 8339.947, 'title': 'Free will and consciousness', 'summary': "Explores the connection between free will and consciousness, discussing the uncertainty of free will's existence, the importance of terminology in philosophical discussions, and the challenges of understanding the timing and origin of human actions and decisions.", 'duration': 413.414, 'highlights': ["The uncertainty of free will's existence The speaker emphasizes the lack of certainty regarding the existence of free will, suggesting that it could potentially be an illusion, leading to the need for a more agnostic approach.", 'Importance of terminology in philosophical discussions The discussion highlights the significance of precise terminology in philosophical conversations, acknowledging the necessity of being rigorous while also occasionally allowing flexibility.', 'Challenges in understanding the timing and origin of human actions The conversation delves into the challenges of comprehending the timing and origin of human actions, referencing neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology experiments to explore the decision-making process.']}, {'end': 9347.358, 'start': 8753.381, 'title': 'Understanding free will and brain dynamics', 'summary': 'Delves into the distinction between free choice and senseless actions, the potential impact of brain dynamics on free will, and the role of engineering intelligent systems in understanding consciousness and free will.', 'duration': 593.977, 'highlights': ['The distinction between free choice and senseless actions involves responsiveness to reasons and considerations, which differentiates it from random events. Free choice involves responsiveness to reasons and considerations, distinguishing it from senseless random events, such as in deciding between job opportunities.', 'The debate about brain dynamics and free will revolves around the potential conflict with physics, the concept of strong emergence, and the uncertainty about the compatibility of free will with underlying physics and chemistry. The discussion involves uncertainties about the compatibility of free will with brain dynamics and physics, including the concept of strong emergence and the potential conflict with underlying physics and chemistry.', 'The role of engineering intelligent systems is seen as a pathway to understanding consciousness, intelligence, and free will, with the aim of replicating and studying human-like decision-making processes. The process of engineering intelligent systems is considered a method to gain insights into understanding consciousness, intelligence, and free will, potentially leading to the replication and study of human decision-making processes.']}, {'end': 9981.581, 'start': 9347.498, 'title': 'The panpsychist approach and consciousness', 'summary': "Focuses on philip goff's advocacy for an interdisciplinary network of scientists, philosophers, and engineers interested in a panpsychist approach, highlighting the importance of consciousness in the meaning and value of life and its potential impact on people's sense of alienation.", 'duration': 634.083, 'highlights': ['Philip Goff advocates for an interdisciplinary network of scientists, philosophers, and engineers interested in a panpsychist approach. Goff seeks to bring together experts from various fields to explore the panpsychist approach to consciousness.', 'Goff emphasizes the importance of consciousness in the meaning and value of life, contrasting it with the official scientific worldview. He argues that the official scientific worldview is incompatible with the reality of consciousness, which could lead to a sense of alienation and a lack of framework for understanding the meaning and significance of life.', "He discusses the potential impact of panpsychism on people's sense of alienation and the ways they seek meaning through nationalism, fundamentalist religion, and consumerism. Goff suggests that panpsychism could help bridge the gap between the quantitative facts of physical science and the qualitative reality of human experience, addressing the human condition and the search for objective sources of value."]}], 'duration': 1681.162, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/BCdV6BMMpOo/pics/BCdV6BMMpOo8300419.jpg', 'highlights': ['The original plan was to discuss free will and consciousness from the Dennett type camp.', 'David Charmers suggested including people with opposing views, leading to the inclusion of a panpsychist and substance dualist.', 'Martina Niederrummelen, a substance dualist at University of Fribourg in Switzerland, was part of the opposition group.', "The uncertainty of free will's existence The speaker emphasizes the lack of certainty regarding the existence of free will, suggesting that it could potentially be an illusion, leading to the need for a more agnostic approach.", 'Importance of terminology in philosophical discussions The discussion highlights the significance of precise terminology in philosophical conversations, acknowledging the necessity of being rigorous while also occasionally allowing flexibility.', 'The distinction between free choice and senseless actions involves responsiveness to reasons and considerations, which differentiates it from random events. Free choice involves responsiveness to reasons and considerations, distinguishing it from senseless random events, such as in deciding between job opportunities.', 'The debate about brain dynamics and free will revolves around the potential conflict with physics, the concept of strong emergence, and the uncertainty about the compatibility of free will with underlying physics and chemistry. The discussion involves uncertainties about the compatibility of free will with brain dynamics and physics, including the concept of strong emergence and the potential conflict with underlying physics and chemistry.', 'Philip Goff advocates for an interdisciplinary network of scientists, philosophers, and engineers interested in a panpsychist approach. Goff seeks to bring together experts from various fields to explore the panpsychist approach to consciousness.', 'Goff emphasizes the importance of consciousness in the meaning and value of life, contrasting it with the official scientific worldview. He argues that the official scientific worldview is incompatible with the reality of consciousness, which could lead to a sense of alienation and a lack of framework for understanding the meaning and significance of life.', "He discusses the potential impact of panpsychism on people's sense of alienation and the ways they seek meaning through nationalism, fundamentalist religion, and consumerism. Goff suggests that panpsychism could help bridge the gap between the quantitative facts of physical science and the qualitative reality of human experience, addressing the human condition and the search for objective sources of value."]}], 'highlights': ['Philip Goff asserts consciousness as fundamental to all matter, offering a unique perspective.', 'The qualitative and non-publicly observable nature of consciousness challenges the standard scientific approach.', 'The limitations of the traditional scientific method in explaining consciousness are highlighted.', 'The pursuit of worthwhile life goals is argued to have objective value, distinct from the Humean view, with examples like pursuing pleasure, scientific inquiry, and helping others being considered more worthwhile than mundane goals like counting blades of grass.', 'The concept of suffering and struggle enriching life experiences is emphasized, highlighting the role of lows in making highs richer and deeper, ultimately contributing to the overall joy and meaning in life.', 'The discussion also explores the finite nature of life and the inevitability of loss and tragedy in love, emphasizing how the awareness of these realities adds richness and meaning to life experiences.', 'The chapter explores the contrast between experiencing life and setting specific goals, emphasizing the value of engaging with life itself.', 'Panpsychism as a middle way between materialism and dualism, offering an alternative perspective that suggests the ultimate nature of the physical world is constituted of consciousness.', 'The importance of exposing oneself to out-of-the-box ideas is emphasized, with implications for academic and philosophical growth.', 'The chapter challenges the traditional approach to the problem of consciousness by suggesting that instead of trying to derive consciousness from matter, panpsychism starts with consciousness and attempts to explain matter from it.', 'The concept of quantifying the amount of experience is questioned, as it is difficult to make sense of the idea of measuring the quantity of experience, challenging the notion of a quantifiable amount of experience.', 'The chapter explores the coexistence of polar opposite views on consciousness, emphasizing the importance of respectful discussions and understanding differing perspectives.', 'The debate revolves around the correlation and explanation of brain activity and conscious experience, with different theories offering explanations for why certain brain activities are tied to specific experiences.', 'The original plan was to discuss free will and consciousness from the Dennett type camp.', "The uncertainty of free will's existence The speaker emphasizes the lack of certainty regarding the existence of free will, suggesting that it could potentially be an illusion, leading to the need for a more agnostic approach.", 'Philip Goff advocates for an interdisciplinary network of scientists, philosophers, and engineers interested in a panpsychist approach. Goff seeks to bring together experts from various fields to explore the panpsychist approach to consciousness.']}