title
What is Manual Testing? | Manual Testing Tutorial For Beginners | Edureka
description
π₯ Test Automation Masters Program (Use Code "πππππππππ"): https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training
This Edureka video on "What is Manual Testing" will help you understand all about manual testing and how it is performed and integrated with test automation.
Below topics are covered in this tutorial:
0:55 Introduction to Software Testing
2:07 Software Testing Types
2:42 What is Manual Testing?
3:47 Advantages of Manual Testing
5:40 When to Apply Manual Testing?
8:17 How to do Manual Testing?
10:29 Types of Manual Testing
14:55 Disadvantages of Manual Testing
16:56 Manual Testing vs Automation Testing
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About the Course
Edurekaβs Test Automation Masters online training is designed to help you achieve success in optimizing your test automation strategies and methodology. You will learn how to perform software testing in all phases of the software life cycle, and automation of any web-based application using Selenium. This program includes training on continuous testing in DevOps, performance testing using JMeter, and mobile app testing using Appium. It also offers programming courses such as Python Scripting, Ruby on Rails, Ruby with Cucumber, SQL essentials, and Java essential. During this course, our expert DevOps instructors will help you:
1. Learn software testing and understand different types of testing
2. Learn about different test design techniques used to test software, test execution, and analysis of the test outcome
3. Gain insight into the evolution of Selenium, get an overview of Selenium 3.3 and its components
4. Understand the importance of DevOps in Test Automation
5. Learn concepts like XPath Functions, TestNG Framework
6. Grasp concepts like Page Object Model and Page Factory
7. Understand how to implement continuous testing using Selenium
8. Learn how to perform continuous integration with Jenkins by building and automating test cases using Maven
9. Understand how to perform Performance Testing, Stress & Load Testing using JMeter
10. Learn how to integrate Selenium Webdriver with Apache JMeter
11. Learn different approaches of mobile testing
12. Understand how to use Appium to automate the application management actions, automate the gestures and offer network management and performance analysis
Along with the above-mentioned topics, you will also get additional courses on CI/CD in DevOps, Jira, Java basics, version control with Git, and third-party tools such as Jenkins, AutoIT, Sikuli and Maven.
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Who should go for this course?
Test Automation candidates are among the highest paid IT professionals today, and the market demand for them is growing rapidly. With the emergence of new job roles around Test Automation philosophy, anyone aspiring to get into these new roles can take up this Test Automation course. Some of these roles are:
1. Software Test Engineer
2. Automation Test Specialist
3. Developer/Tester
4. Testing Engineer
5. Quality Assurance Engineer
6. Automation Tester
7. Automation Engineer
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For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.in or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free).
detail
{'title': 'What is Manual Testing? | Manual Testing Tutorial For Beginners | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 677.144, 'start': 624.194, 'weight': 0.705}, {'end': 726.28, 'start': 712.13, 'weight': 0.72}, {'end': 792.579, 'start': 775.211, 'weight': 0.703}], 'summary': 'Provides an overview of manual testing, contrasts manual and automated testing, discusses testing scenarios and key steps, explores manual testing methods, and compares manual testing with automation, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to achieve high-quality output within budget and timeline.', 'chapters': [{'end': 55.576, 'segs': [{'end': 55.576, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11.383, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 18.347, 'text': 'Hey guys, this is Archana from Edureka and I welcome you all to this session on manual testing without any delay.', 'start': 11.383, 'duration': 6.964}, {'end': 23.411, 'text': "Let's go ahead and take a look at the topics which we will be talking about in today's session.", 'start': 18.407, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 24.551, 'text': 'So here we go.', 'start': 23.891, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 31.836, 'text': 'We will begin the session by talking about software testing and two main categories of software testing after that.', 'start': 25.012, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 35.338, 'text': "We will get started with our today's topic, which is manual testing.", 'start': 32.176, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 45.215, 'text': 'There we will discuss what manual testing is, its advantages, how to perform manual testing, its types and disadvantages and, finally,', 'start': 36.013, 'duration': 9.202}, {'end': 51.076, 'text': 'we will conclude this session by discussing the key differences between manual testing and automation testing.', 'start': 45.215, 'duration': 5.861}, {'end': 53.396, 'text': 'So I hope agenda was clear to you guys.', 'start': 51.556, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 55.576, 'text': "Let's get started then.", 'start': 53.776, 'duration': 1.8}], 'summary': 'Archana from edureka will cover manual testing, including advantages, types, and differences with automation testing.', 'duration': 44.193, 'max_score': 11.383, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa811383.jpg'}], 'start': 11.383, 'title': 'Manual testing overview', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of manual testing, discussing its advantages, types, disadvantages, and key differences from automation testing, while also touching on the main categories of software testing and the session agenda.', 'chapters': [{'end': 55.576, 'start': 11.383, 'title': 'Manual testing overview', 'summary': 'Covers an overview of manual testing, including its advantages, types, disadvantages, and key differences from automation testing, while also touching on the main categories of software testing and the session agenda.', 'duration': 44.193, 'highlights': ['The session covers an overview of manual testing, including its advantages, types, disadvantages, and key differences from automation testing.', 'It also discusses the main categories of software testing.', 'The agenda includes an introduction to software testing and the two main categories of software testing.', 'The session will conclude with a discussion on the key differences between manual testing and automation testing.']}], 'duration': 44.193, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa811383.jpg', 'highlights': ['The session covers an overview of manual testing, including its advantages, types, disadvantages, and key differences from automation testing.', 'The session will conclude with a discussion on the key differences between manual testing and automation testing.', 'It also discusses the main categories of software testing.', 'The agenda includes an introduction to software testing and the two main categories of software testing.']}, {'end': 355.612, 'segs': [{'end': 112.127, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 81.262, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 82.343, 'text': 'through software testing?', 'start': 81.262, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 92.131, 'text': 'Software testing is the face of development life cycle that aims at evaluating the capacity of a program or a system or an application,', 'start': 83.024, 'duration': 9.107}, {'end': 98.897, 'text': 'identifying its problematic areas and then determining if or not it meets the core objective of development.', 'start': 92.131, 'duration': 6.766}, {'end': 107.303, 'text': 'So, before software actually goes public, programmers spend house trying to iron out every little software bug,', 'start': 99.457, 'duration': 7.846}, {'end': 112.127, 'text': 'the check for any mistakes and problem in the design and the functionality of the software.', 'start': 107.303, 'duration': 4.824}], 'summary': 'Software testing evaluates program capacity, identifies issues, and ensures functionality before public release.', 'duration': 30.865, 'max_score': 81.262, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa881262.jpg'}, {'end': 149.613, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 124.315, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 133.498, 'text': 'So this software testing is a huge domain, but it can be broadly categorized into two main areas which are manual testing and automated testing.', 'start': 124.315, 'duration': 9.183}, {'end': 142.868, 'text': 'While in manual testing as the names are just test case are executed manually by a human that is without any support from tools or scripts.', 'start': 134.079, 'duration': 8.789}, {'end': 149.613, 'text': 'but with automated testing test cases are executed with assistance of tools scripts and softwares.', 'start': 143.49, 'duration': 6.123}], 'summary': 'Software testing involves manual and automated testing, with the latter using tools and scripts.', 'duration': 25.298, 'max_score': 124.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8124315.jpg'}, {'end': 200.36, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 171.557, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 178.404, 'text': 'performing manual testing ensures that an application is working properly by following conditions written in test cases', 'start': 171.557, 'duration': 6.847}, {'end': 184.609, 'text': 'This means that someone actually goes on a device to evaluate numerous components like design,', 'start': 179.164, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 189.314, 'text': 'functionality and performance by clicking through multiple elements of the application.', 'start': 184.609, 'duration': 4.705}, {'end': 193.994, 'text': 'Manual testing is really helpful when automation testing is not possible.', 'start': 189.93, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 200.36, 'text': "Let's say, if you want to test a mobile application under unpredictable conditions, you can use manual testing,", 'start': 194.514, 'duration': 5.846}], 'summary': 'Manual testing evaluates app components by clicking through elements; helpful when automation testing is not possible.', 'duration': 28.803, 'max_score': 171.557, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8171557.jpg'}, {'end': 355.612, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 279.716, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 283.04, 'text': 'It also helps to find out the usability issues in the application.', 'start': 279.716, 'duration': 3.324}, {'end': 292.495, 'text': 'Any bugs and effects that may pop up as soon as user handles the given software in a certain way are more likely to be wedged with help of manual testing.', 'start': 283.67, 'duration': 8.825}, {'end': 297.157, 'text': 'So, in case of visual testing, manual testing is really helpful.', 'start': 293.015, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 302.88, 'text': "manual testing requires low investment, as it doesn't require any costly tools or high-level skills to perform.", 'start': 297.157, 'duration': 5.723}, {'end': 310.744, 'text': 'So what I mean to say is that initial investment in manual testing is very low and manual testing is cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'start': 303.38, 'duration': 7.364}, {'end': 315.442, 'text': 'Lastly in manual testing you can swiftly test and see the outcomes.', 'start': 311.5, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 321.566, 'text': "So it's well suited in case when you're making a lot of unplanned changes to your application or software,", 'start': 315.983, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 326.149, 'text': 'and application needs to be tested immediately after implementing the changes in such cases.', 'start': 321.566, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 327.77, 'text': 'Manual testing is really helpful.', 'start': 326.229, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 333.462, 'text': 'So these are few advantages now that we know what we can benefit from manual testing.', 'start': 328.36, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 335.023, 'text': "Let's go ahead to our next topic.", 'start': 333.502, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 336.864, 'text': 'So, when you begin testing,', 'start': 335.523, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 343.307, 'text': "one of the primary decisions that you'll have to make is when you're going to test manually or if you're going to use automation testing.", 'start': 336.864, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 348.349, 'text': 'Well, neither of these options are technically better or worse when compared to other.', 'start': 343.787, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 355.612, 'text': "the features like size, budget, time, allowance of a project will certainly be the factors that affect which method you'll choose.", 'start': 348.349, 'duration': 7.263}], 'summary': 'Manual testing is cost-effective and helpful for immediate testing and usability issues.', 'duration': 75.896, 'max_score': 279.716, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8279716.jpg'}], 'start': 55.576, 'title': 'Manual vs automated software testing', 'summary': 'Delves into the importance of software testing in achieving high quality output while reducing cost and time, contrasting manual and automated testing, emphasizing benefits and scenarios for each. it also highlights the advantages of manual testing, including testing under similar conditions as the live application, ease of bug tracking, low programming knowledge required, identification of usability issues, low investment, and swift testing of outcomes.', 'chapters': [{'end': 215.354, 'start': 55.576, 'title': 'Software testing: manual vs automated', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of software testing in achieving high quality output while reducing cost and time, and delves into the differences between manual and automated testing, emphasizing the benefits and scenarios for each. it also highlights the significance of manual testing in evaluating application functionality under unpredictable conditions.', 'duration': 159.778, 'highlights': ["Manual testing is crucial for evaluating application functionality under unpredictable conditions, such as when a mobile application is running in a user's pocket and experiences unintentional taps, ensuring that the application does not crash, ultimately providing a comprehensive assessment of its performance.", 'Software testing aims at evaluating the capacity of a program, system, or application, identifying problematic areas, and determining if it meets the core objective of development, with the prime objective of any project being to achieve high quality output while reducing costs and time required for completion.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of software testing as a vital aspect of any project, focusing on cost, time, and quality, and discusses the categorization of software testing into manual testing and automated testing, each offering benefits and disadvantages, along with the differences and best practices for their usage.']}, {'end': 355.612, 'start': 215.854, 'title': 'Advantages of manual testing', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of manual testing, including testing under similar conditions as the live application, ease of tracking bugs and errors, low programming knowledge required, identification of usability issues, low investment, and swift testing of outcomes.', 'duration': 139.758, 'highlights': ['Manual testing allows testers to test the application under similar conditions when the application goes live, aiding in identifying bugs and glitches in the live application.', 'Manual testing requires low programming knowledge, with the main focus on understanding requirements, documenting test cases, and executing them, making it cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'It helps identify usability issues and find bugs and effects that may occur when the user handles the software in a certain way, making it really helpful for visual testing.', 'Manual testing is well-suited for making a lot of unplanned changes to an application or software, allowing swift testing of outcomes and cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'Factors like size, budget, and time allowance of a project will affect the choice between manual and automation testing.']}], 'duration': 300.036, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa855576.jpg', 'highlights': ['Manual testing crucial for evaluating application functionality under unpredictable conditions, ensuring application stability.', 'Software testing aims at evaluating the capacity of a program, system, or application, identifying problematic areas, and determining if it meets the core objective of development.', 'Importance of software testing as a vital aspect of any project, focusing on cost, time, and quality, and discusses the categorization of software testing into manual testing and automated testing.', 'Manual testing allows testers to test the application under similar conditions when the application goes live, aiding in identifying bugs and glitches.', 'Manual testing requires low programming knowledge, making it cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'Identifies usability issues and finds bugs and effects that may occur when the user handles the software in a certain way, making it really helpful for visual testing.', 'Well-suited for making a lot of unplanned changes to an application or software, allowing swift testing of outcomes and cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'Factors like size, budget, and time allowance of a project will affect the choice between manual and automation testing.']}, {'end': 628.056, 'segs': [{'end': 479.282, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 396.331, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 402.716, 'text': "this approach basically that's exploratory testing requires minimal planning and maximum test execution,", 'start': 396.331, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 405.099, 'text': 'which is possible if you choose manual testing.', 'start': 402.716, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 408.722, 'text': 'So this is one scenario where manual testing is really helpful.', 'start': 405.559, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 416.742, 'text': 'After that you have usability testing usability testing helps to find out the user friendliness of an application as the name indicates.', 'start': 409.475, 'duration': 7.267}, {'end': 424.949, 'text': 'So this is an area where you need to measure how user-friendly efficient or convenient the software or the product is to end users.', 'start': 417.422, 'duration': 7.527}, {'end': 428.533, 'text': 'So basically human observation is the most important factor.', 'start': 425.53, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 430.995, 'text': 'So a manual approach is preferable.', 'start': 428.873, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 433.286, 'text': 'Nextly you have ad hoc testing.', 'start': 431.585, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 438.929, 'text': 'So, as the name suggests, this type of testing does not follow any fixed method or approach.', 'start': 433.806, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 442.712, 'text': "you can say well, that's why it's called informal type of testing.", 'start': 438.929, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 449.436, 'text': 'in ad hoc testing, testers randomly test application without following any documents and any test design techniques.', 'start': 442.712, 'duration': 6.724}, {'end': 456.82, 'text': 'So understanding and insight of a tester is a very important factor naturally manual testing is preferable here as well.', 'start': 449.936, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 462.712, 'text': 'Well, these are three main scenarios where manual testing is preferred over test automation or automation testing.', 'start': 457.364, 'duration': 5.348}, {'end': 467.178, 'text': 'What are those exploratory testing, usability testing and ad-hoc testing?', 'start': 463.172, 'duration': 4.006}, {'end': 475.56, 'text': 'Apart from these, when should you choose manual testing over automation testing, when the project is usually in the initial development stage,', 'start': 467.817, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 479.282, 'text': 'when testing user interface, especially with visual aspects?', 'start': 475.56, 'duration': 3.722}], 'summary': 'Manual testing is preferred for exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing scenarios, as well as in initial development and visual interface testing.', 'duration': 82.951, 'max_score': 396.331, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8396331.jpg'}, {'end': 532.169, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 499.874, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 502.556, 'text': 'So the first step is understanding the requirements.', 'start': 499.874, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 508.52, 'text': 'So in order to successfully conduct manual tests, you first need to understand the requirements of the software.', 'start': 503.136, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 515.326, 'text': 'So by understanding the requirements you will know what needs to be tested and what classifies as a defect or bug.', 'start': 508.981, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 522.751, 'text': "So that's the crucial part of manual testing is main goal here is to make sure that your software or application doesn't have any bugs.", 'start': 515.926, 'duration': 6.825}, {'end': 525.406, 'text': 'The next step is writing test cases.', 'start': 523.405, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 528.768, 'text': 'So once you understand the requirements you can write test cases.', 'start': 525.986, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 532.169, 'text': "That's another crucial part of manual testing.", 'start': 529.208, 'duration': 2.961}], 'summary': 'Understanding requirements is crucial for manual testing. writing test cases is the next crucial step.', 'duration': 32.295, 'max_score': 499.874, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8499874.jpg'}, {'end': 580.479, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 552.787, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 556.73, 'text': 'So once your test cases are written and test environments is properly prepared.', 'start': 552.787, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 565.075, 'text': "It's time to begin testing you can follow the test cases and mark each test as passed failed or skipped when doing manual testing.", 'start': 557.07, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 568.097, 'text': "It's important to keep notes on what happens when a test fails.", 'start': 565.115, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 569.358, 'text': "That's really important.", 'start': 568.498, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 574.842, 'text': "You can't ignore that fact just because your test failed the fourth step is to log good bug reports.", 'start': 569.378, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 580.479, 'text': "So in addition to actual testing as a tester, you'll be responsible for logging box as well.", 'start': 575.416, 'duration': 5.063}], 'summary': 'After preparing tests and environments, begin testing. mark tests as passed, failed, or skipped. keep notes on failed tests. log good bug reports.', 'duration': 27.692, 'max_score': 552.787, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8552787.jpg'}, {'end': 617.229, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 590.466, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 594.148, 'text': 'You will save yourself time when answering these questions about the box later.', 'start': 590.466, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 597.911, 'text': 'So, basically, you have a document that you can refer to at its code.', 'start': 594.529, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 602.474, 'text': 'a good bug report should have a strong title, steps on how to overcome the bug,', 'start': 597.911, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 609.845, 'text': 'expected and actual results and any relevant attachments that will help the development team to understand the issue of the bug,', 'start': 603.141, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 613.027, 'text': 'like screenshots or recordings or export files as such.', 'start': 609.845, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 617.229, 'text': 'So lastly you need to create a detailed test report after running test.', 'start': 613.547, 'duration': 3.682}], 'summary': 'Create detailed bug report with strong title, steps, expected/actual results, and relevant attachments.', 'duration': 26.763, 'max_score': 590.466, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8590466.jpg'}], 'start': 356.238, 'title': 'Manual testing scenarios and key steps', 'summary': 'Discusses scenarios for applying manual testing, such as exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing, emphasizing the importance of human skills and observation. it also outlines key steps of manual testing, including understanding requirements, writing test cases, conducting tests, logging bug reports, and creating a detailed test report, emphasizing thorough documentation and bug reporting.', 'chapters': [{'end': 479.282, 'start': 356.238, 'title': 'Manual testing scenarios', 'summary': 'Discusses scenarios for applying manual testing, including exploratory testing, usability testing, and ad-hoc testing, highlighting the importance of human skills and observation, and the preference for manual testing in initial development stages and for testing user interface with visual aspects.', 'duration': 123.044, 'highlights': ['Manual testing is preferred in scenarios such as exploratory testing, usability testing, and ad-hoc testing due to the need for human skills, observation, and insight.', 'Exploratory testing requires minimal planning and maximum test execution, making manual testing a valuable choice when dealing with poorly written documentation or time constraints.', 'Usability testing relies on human observation to measure user-friendliness, efficiency, and convenience, making the manual approach preferable.', "Ad-hoc testing, characterized by its informal nature and lack of fixed methods, also benefits from manual testing due to the importance of a tester's understanding and insight.", 'Manual testing is recommended over automation testing in the initial development stage and when testing user interface, particularly with visual aspects.']}, {'end': 628.056, 'start': 479.742, 'title': 'Manual testing: key steps and best practices', 'summary': 'Outlines the key steps of manual testing, including understanding requirements, writing test cases, conducting tests, logging bug reports, and creating a detailed test report, emphasizing the importance of thorough documentation and bug reporting.', 'duration': 148.314, 'highlights': ['Manual testing involves understanding requirements, writing test cases, conducting tests, logging bug reports, and creating a detailed test report, emphasizing the importance of thorough documentation and bug reporting.', 'Understanding requirements is crucial in manual testing as it helps in identifying what needs to be tested and what classifies as defects or bugs.', 'Writing good bug reports is important, including a strong title, steps to overcome the bug, expected and actual results, and relevant attachments to aid the development team in understanding the issue.', 'Conducting manual tests involves following test cases, marking tests as passed, failed, or skipped, and keeping notes on test failures, ensuring thorough and detailed documentation.', 'The process of manual testing includes understanding requirements, writing test cases, conducting tests, logging bug reports, and creating a detailed test report, with a focus on thorough documentation and bug reporting.']}], 'duration': 271.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8356238.jpg', 'highlights': ['Manual testing is preferred in scenarios such as exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing due to the need for human skills, observation, and insight.', 'Exploratory testing requires minimal planning and maximum test execution, making manual testing a valuable choice when dealing with poorly written documentation or time constraints.', 'Usability testing relies on human observation to measure user-friendliness, efficiency, and convenience, making the manual approach preferable.', "Ad-hoc testing, characterized by its informal nature and lack of fixed methods, also benefits from manual testing due to the importance of a tester's understanding and insight.", 'Manual testing is recommended over automation testing in the initial development stage and when testing user interface, particularly with visual aspects.', 'Manual testing involves understanding requirements, writing test cases, conducting tests, logging bug reports, and creating a detailed test report, emphasizing the importance of thorough documentation and bug reporting.', 'Understanding requirements is crucial in manual testing as it helps in identifying what needs to be tested and what classifies as defects or bugs.', 'Writing good bug reports is important, including a strong title, steps to overcome the bug, expected and actual results, and relevant attachments to aid the development team in understanding the issue.', 'Conducting manual tests involves following test cases, marking tests as passed, failed, or skipped, and keeping notes on test failures, ensuring thorough and detailed documentation.']}, {'end': 874.395, 'segs': [{'end': 686.679, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 644.474, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 651.64, 'text': 'in this type of testing, the tester does not have any knowledge about the code or the structure of the application of software, that is testing.', 'start': 644.474, 'duration': 7.166}, {'end': 658.165, 'text': 'He just interacts with the application and test the functionality and the non-functional behavior of the application.', 'start': 652.14, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 666.017, 'text': 'Well, there are various black box techniques that can be used by the tester to find box and defects next is white box testing.', 'start': 658.672, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 673.802, 'text': 'So as the name suggests in white box testing the tester knows about the code and structure of the application for that reason.', 'start': 666.637, 'duration': 7.165}, {'end': 677.144, 'text': "It's also known as glass box or transparent box testing.", 'start': 673.962, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 681.474, 'text': 'Mostly this type of testing is used by developers to perform unit testing.', 'start': 677.771, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 686.679, 'text': 'There are various white box testing that can be used by tester to find box and defects.', 'start': 681.955, 'duration': 4.724}], 'summary': 'Black box testing focuses on functionality and non-functional behavior, while white box testing involves knowledge of code and structure for unit testing.', 'duration': 42.205, 'max_score': 644.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8644474.jpg'}, {'end': 733.547, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 704.604, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 711.549, 'text': "you have information about certain factors of an application and you don't have information about certain factors that we call gray box testing.", 'start': 704.604, 'duration': 6.945}, {'end': 716.273, 'text': 'The next type is unit testing you can call this as first level of testing.', 'start': 712.13, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 723.759, 'text': "It's a way of testing the smallest piece of code which is referred to as unit this unit can be logically isolated in a system.", 'start': 716.813, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 726.28, 'text': 'Well, it is logically isolated in a system.', 'start': 724.318, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 733.547, 'text': "It's mainly focused on the functional correctness of the standalone modules you can say so unit can be almost anything.", 'start': 726.68, 'duration': 6.867}], 'summary': 'Gray box testing involves incomplete information. unit testing focuses on functional correctness of standalone modules.', 'duration': 28.943, 'max_score': 704.604, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8704604.jpg'}, {'end': 767.42, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 742.995, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 750.162, 'text': 'So this unit testing uses white box testing methods or techniques and usually perform using a preferred programming language of your choice.', 'start': 742.995, 'duration': 7.167}, {'end': 759.236, 'text': "It's essential for the developers to unit test the software before handing it over to Q 18 because unit test offers several advantages or benefits.", 'start': 750.771, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 765.239, 'text': "It makes your code reusable as you need to use a modular approach or as you're using modular approach here.", 'start': 759.836, 'duration': 5.403}, {'end': 767.42, 'text': 'It also makes debugging a lot easier.', 'start': 765.639, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Unit testing ensures code reusability and easier debugging, using white box methods.', 'duration': 24.425, 'max_score': 742.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8742995.jpg'}, {'end': 806.591, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 775.211, 'weight': 0.703, 'content': [{'end': 779.213, 'text': 'It is performed after unit testing, where different units, modules,', 'start': 775.211, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 786.316, 'text': "components of the software or the application that you're testing on are integrated a combined together, as you can guess from the name itself.", 'start': 779.213, 'duration': 7.103}, {'end': 792.579, 'text': 'The main purpose here is to verify the functionality stability and the reliability of the modules when they are combined together.', 'start': 786.356, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 800.963, 'text': 'The main focus of integration testing is to check the correctness of communication among all these modules or units next up.', 'start': 793.12, 'duration': 7.843}, {'end': 806.591, 'text': 'We have system testing System testing is the next natural step after integration testing.', 'start': 801.023, 'duration': 5.568}], 'summary': 'Integration testing verifies functionality stability and reliability of combined modules, followed by system testing.', 'duration': 31.38, 'max_score': 775.211, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8775211.jpg'}, {'end': 806.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 779.213, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 786.316, 'text': "components of the software or the application that you're testing on are integrated a combined together, as you can guess from the name itself.", 'start': 779.213, 'duration': 7.103}, {'end': 792.579, 'text': 'The main purpose here is to verify the functionality stability and the reliability of the modules when they are combined together.', 'start': 786.356, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 800.963, 'text': 'The main focus of integration testing is to check the correctness of communication among all these modules or units next up.', 'start': 793.12, 'duration': 7.843}, {'end': 806.591, 'text': 'We have system testing System testing is the next natural step after integration testing.', 'start': 801.023, 'duration': 5.568}], 'summary': 'Integration testing verifies combined software functionality; system testing is the next step.', 'duration': 27.378, 'max_score': 779.213, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8779213.jpg'}, {'end': 877.178, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 851.994, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 858.64, 'text': "User acceptance testing is the formal testing that's performed based on user requirements and function processing.", 'start': 851.994, 'duration': 6.646}, {'end': 862.884, 'text': 'Well, this type of testing covers end-user real-world scenarios.', 'start': 859.081, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 864.526, 'text': "It's the last step of testing.", 'start': 863.025, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 866.868, 'text': 'It needs to be done very correctly,', 'start': 865.127, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 874.395, 'text': 'because it will provide you with the results on basis of which your software product will either be approved or rejected by the senior management.', 'start': 866.868, 'duration': 7.527}, {'end': 877.178, 'text': "So it's a very important and final step.", 'start': 874.956, 'duration': 2.222}], 'summary': 'User acceptance testing is crucial for software approval, covering real-world scenarios and determining product fate.', 'duration': 25.184, 'max_score': 851.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8851994.jpg'}], 'start': 628.076, 'title': 'Manual and software testing methods', 'summary': 'Discusses six types of manual testing, including black box, white box, and gray box testing, as well as unit testing, and emphasizes the significance of unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing in software development.', 'chapters': [{'end': 742.435, 'start': 628.076, 'title': 'Types of manual testing', 'summary': 'Discusses the six types of manual testing, including black box, white box, and gray box testing, as well as unit testing, emphasizing their key characteristics and purposes.', 'duration': 114.359, 'highlights': ['Black box testing is a type of testing where the tester interacts with the application without knowledge of the code or structure, focusing on functionality and non-functional behavior. Black box testing involves the tester not having knowledge about the code or structure of the application and focuses on testing functionality and non-functional behavior.', 'White box testing involves the tester having knowledge about the code and structure of the application, mainly used for unit testing and employing techniques like control flow testing, data flow testing, branch testing, decision coverage, and path testing. White box testing requires the tester to have knowledge about the code and structure of the application, and it is commonly used for unit testing. Techniques used include control flow testing, data flow testing, branch testing, decision coverage, and path testing.', 'Gray box testing involves having partial information about certain factors of an application, representing a combination of black box and white box testing. Gray box testing involves having information about certain factors of an application while lacking information about others, making it a combination of black box and white box testing.', 'Unit testing is the first level of testing, focusing on testing the smallest pieces of code, referred to as units, to ensure their functional correctness and logical isolation within a system. Unit testing is the first level of testing and is focused on testing the smallest pieces of code, known as units, to ensure their functional correctness and logical isolation within a system.']}, {'end': 874.395, 'start': 742.995, 'title': 'Software testing methods', 'summary': 'Discusses unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, emphasizing their order, purpose, and significance in software development, while highlighting the importance of unit testing and the role of acceptance testing in software approval.', 'duration': 131.4, 'highlights': ['Unit testing is essential for developers as it offers several advantages, such as code reusability and easier debugging. Unit testing offers benefits like code reusability and easier debugging.', 'Integration testing verifies the functionality, stability, and reliability of the software modules when they are combined together. Integration testing focuses on verifying the functionality, stability, and reliability of combined software modules.', 'System testing evaluates the behavior of a fully integrated software product and its compliance with given requirements, encompassing techniques like functionality testing, performance testing, scalability testing, stress testing, and regression testing. System testing evaluates the behavior of an integrated software product and includes various testing techniques such as functionality, performance, scalability, stress, and regression testing.', 'Acceptance testing is the last step and covers end-user real-world scenarios, influencing the approval or rejection of the software product by senior management based on user requirements and function processing. Acceptance testing covers end-user scenarios and determines software approval based on user requirements and real-world function processing.']}], 'duration': 246.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8628076.jpg', 'highlights': ['Unit testing is the first level of testing, focusing on testing the smallest pieces of code, known as units, to ensure their functional correctness and logical isolation within a system.', 'Black box testing is a type of testing where the tester interacts with the application without knowledge of the code or structure, focusing on functionality and non-functional behavior.', 'White box testing requires the tester to have knowledge about the code and structure of the application, and it is commonly used for unit testing.', 'Integration testing focuses on verifying the functionality, stability, and reliability of combined software modules.', 'Acceptance testing covers end-user scenarios and determines software approval based on user requirements and real-world function processing.', 'Unit testing offers benefits like code reusability and easier debugging.']}, {'end': 1237.497, 'segs': [{'end': 928.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 898.279, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 900.04, 'text': 'We did discuss certain advantages.', 'start': 898.279, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 903.461, 'text': "Now, let's go ahead and discuss disadvantages of manual testing.", 'start': 900.44, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 906.497, 'text': "First of all, it's really time-consuming.", 'start': 903.996, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 914.898, 'text': "manual test can be used, which means every time there's a change in application, the tester needs to run all the test cases again from the beginning.", 'start': 906.497, 'duration': 8.401}, {'end': 919.339, 'text': 'Hence the tester need to test the application even in case of minor changes.', 'start': 915.418, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 922.16, 'text': "Imagine that it's really very time-consuming process, right?", 'start': 919.399, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 928.661, 'text': 'As you can see, the important resources here are nothing but humans, because basically the entire manual testing is performed by humans.', 'start': 922.64, 'duration': 6.021}], 'summary': 'Manual testing is time-consuming and relies on human resources for execution.', 'duration': 30.382, 'max_score': 898.279, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8898279.jpg'}, {'end': 974.129, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 936.133, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 940.475, 'text': "That's because manual testing is dependent on humans and there's a high possibility of errors.", 'start': 936.133, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 944.977, 'text': 'because of that, the testing results will be as good as tester performing the test.', 'start': 940.475, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 949.8, 'text': 'So if the person was performing the test is really good at what is doing then you can expect no errors.', 'start': 945.498, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 953.522, 'text': 'Otherwise, you might find certain errors and box with manual testing.', 'start': 949.88, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 959.485, 'text': 'There are chances that test terminus out on some box or some repeated box which are resting within the application.', 'start': 953.542, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 966.386, 'text': "So what I'm trying to say here is that since manual testing performed by humans, it's more prone to errors.", 'start': 960.023, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 968.146, 'text': 'and then you have testing limitations.', 'start': 966.386, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 971.548, 'text': 'manual testing is not good for load and performance testing.', 'start': 968.146, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 974.129, 'text': 'to check the performance of an application, manual testing.', 'start': 971.548, 'duration': 2.581}], 'summary': 'Manual testing is prone to errors due to human dependency and is not suitable for load and performance testing.', 'duration': 37.996, 'max_score': 936.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8936133.jpg'}, {'end': 1078.536, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1052.743, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1059.468, 'text': 'So automated testing does not entail human observation and cannot guarantee user friendliness and positive customer experience.', 'start': 1052.743, 'duration': 6.725}, {'end': 1061.888, 'text': 'and then you have testing time.', 'start': 1060.086, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 1067.154, 'text': 'as you might have expected, manual testing is time-consuming because it takes up human resources.', 'start': 1061.888, 'duration': 5.266}, {'end': 1072.92, 'text': 'automation testing is faster as it operates on tools that test the system or application according to different cases.', 'start': 1067.154, 'duration': 5.766}, {'end': 1078.536, 'text': 'talking about accuracy manual testing door double-checked has scope of human error.', 'start': 1073.513, 'duration': 5.023}], 'summary': 'Automated testing is faster than manual testing, but manual testing ensures accuracy.', 'duration': 25.793, 'max_score': 1052.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa81052743.jpg'}, {'end': 1155.471, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1096.474, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1103.016, 'text': 'but automation testing is comparatively more reliable as tools execute the results of test cases which are formulated by testers.', 'start': 1096.474, 'duration': 6.542}, {'end': 1107.337, 'text': 'Well again humans are involved but then humans are using tools to perform the test.', 'start': 1103.576, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 1110.798, 'text': 'So accuracy or the reliability is literally high in case of automation.', 'start': 1107.377, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 1113.819, 'text': 'Next the programming we already discussed this earlier.', 'start': 1111.338, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 1119.04, 'text': 'The main focus in manual testing is on documentation writing test cases and all that.', 'start': 1114.279, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 1126.703, 'text': "So programming is not that very important or it's not given much importance to there as automation testing requires programming.", 'start': 1119.08, 'duration': 7.623}, {'end': 1134.785, 'text': 'Why? because, using programming, you need to devise new test cases that can check the proper functionality of system in multiple scenarios,', 'start': 1127.183, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 1140.727, 'text': "which is not easy to do if you're using manual tasks, but since you're using automation, it needs programming to do all this.", 'start': 1134.785, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 1143.399, 'text': 'and then comes the concept of budget.', 'start': 1141.317, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1149.145, 'text': "manual testing is not really much expensive, but it's considered good for short-term goals.", 'start': 1143.399, 'duration': 5.746}, {'end': 1152.168, 'text': 'automation testing is expensive as it requires purchasing tools.', 'start': 1149.145, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 1155.471, 'text': "However, it's quite reasonable in terms of long-term.", 'start': 1152.208, 'duration': 3.263}], 'summary': 'Automation testing is more reliable and requires programming, while manual testing is cheaper for short-term goals.', 'duration': 58.997, 'max_score': 1096.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa81096474.jpg'}], 'start': 874.956, 'title': 'Manual testing and automation', 'summary': 'Delves into the disadvantages of manual testing, citing time-consuming nature, human dependency, and limitations for load and performance testing. it also compares manual and automation testing, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach for high-quality output within budget and timeline.', 'chapters': [{'end': 994.311, 'start': 874.956, 'title': 'Manual testing advantages & disadvantages', 'summary': 'Discusses the disadvantages of manual testing, highlighting that it is time-consuming, prone to errors due to human dependency, and has limitations for load and performance testing.', 'duration': 119.355, 'highlights': ['Manual testing is time-consuming as testers need to run all test cases again from the beginning upon any application changes, leading to a highly resource-intensive process.', 'Manual testing is prone to errors due to human dependency, resulting in testing results being as good as the tester performing the test.', 'Manual testing has limitations for load and performance testing, as it requires a large number of users and gadgets, making it more suitable for automation testing.']}, {'end': 1237.497, 'start': 994.911, 'title': 'Manual vs. automation testing', 'summary': 'Discusses the key differences between manual testing and automation testing, highlighting factors such as user interface testing, testing time, accuracy, reliability, programming, budget, and investment cost, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to achieve high quality output within budget and timeline.', 'duration': 242.586, 'highlights': ['User Interface Testing Manual testing focuses on checking user friendliness, allowing human observation, while automation testing does not guarantee user friendliness as it uses tools and does not entail human observation.', 'Testing Time Manual testing is time-consuming due to human resources, while automation testing is faster and operates on tools for testing according to different cases.', 'Accuracy Manual testing has a scope of human error and is not very accurate, while automation testing is highly accurate and depends on the results of testing tools.', 'Reliability Manual testing is not highly reliable as it is dependent on humans, while automation testing is more reliable as tools execute the results of test cases formulated by testers.', 'Programming Manual testing focuses on documentation and writing test cases and does not require programming, while automation testing requires programming to devise new test cases for checking the proper functionality of the system in multiple scenarios.', 'Budget and Investment Cost Manual testing is cost-effective for short-term goals and requires investment in hiring human resources, while automation testing is expensive initially due to purchasing tools but is reasonable in the long-term, requiring investment in purchasing tools.']}], 'duration': 362.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/AjkYTJklAa8/pics/AjkYTJklAa8874956.jpg', 'highlights': ['Automation testing is faster and operates on tools for testing according to different cases.', 'Automation testing is highly accurate and depends on the results of testing tools.', 'Automation testing is more reliable as tools execute the results of test cases formulated by testers.', 'Automation testing requires programming to devise new test cases for checking the proper functionality of the system in multiple scenarios.', 'Automation testing is expensive initially due to purchasing tools but is reasonable in the long-term, requiring investment in purchasing tools.', 'Manual testing is time-consuming as testers need to run all test cases again from the beginning upon any application changes, leading to a highly resource-intensive process.', 'Manual testing is prone to errors due to human dependency, resulting in testing results being as good as the tester performing the test.', 'Manual testing has limitations for load and performance testing, as it requires a large number of users and gadgets, making it more suitable for automation testing.', 'Manual testing focuses on documentation and writing test cases and does not require programming.', 'Manual testing is cost-effective for short-term goals and requires investment in hiring human resources.', 'Manual testing is not highly reliable as it is dependent on humans.']}], 'highlights': ['Manual testing crucial for evaluating application functionality under unpredictable conditions, ensuring application stability.', 'Software testing aims at evaluating the capacity of a program, system, or application, identifying problematic areas, and determining if it meets the core objective of development.', 'Manual testing allows testers to test the application under similar conditions when the application goes live, aiding in identifying bugs and glitches.', 'Manual testing requires low programming knowledge, making it cost-effective in short-term scenarios.', 'Manual testing is preferred in scenarios such as exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing due to the need for human skills, observation, and insight.', 'Understanding requirements is crucial in manual testing as it helps in identifying what needs to be tested and what classifies as defects or bugs.', 'Writing good bug reports is important, including a strong title, steps to overcome the bug, expected and actual results, and relevant attachments to aid the development team in understanding the issue.', 'Unit testing is the first level of testing, focusing on testing the smallest pieces of code, known as units, to ensure their functional correctness and logical isolation within a system.', 'Black box testing is a type of testing where the tester interacts with the application without knowledge of the code or structure, focusing on functionality and non-functional behavior.', 'White box testing requires the tester to have knowledge about the code and structure of the application, and it is commonly used for unit testing.', 'Automation testing is faster and operates on tools for testing according to different cases.', 'Automation testing is highly accurate and depends on the results of testing tools.', 'Automation testing is more reliable as tools execute the results of test cases formulated by testers.', 'Automation testing requires programming to devise new test cases for checking the proper functionality of the system in multiple scenarios.', 'Manual testing is time-consuming as testers need to run all test cases again from the beginning upon any application changes, leading to a highly resource-intensive process.', 'Manual testing is prone to errors due to human dependency, resulting in testing results being as good as the tester performing the test.', 'Manual testing has limitations for load and performance testing, as it requires a large number of users and gadgets, making it more suitable for automation testing.', 'Manual testing focuses on documentation and writing test cases and does not require programming.', 'Manual testing is cost-effective for short-term goals and requires investment in hiring human resources.', 'Manual testing is not highly reliable as it is dependent on humans.']}