title
13.8 Multithreading InterThread Communication | Producer Consumer

description
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple activities can proceed concurrently in the same program. Thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, a smallest unit of processing. In multithreading threads share a common memory area. They don't allocate separate memory area so saves memory, and context-switching between the threads takes less time than process. Multiple threads can exist within the same process and share resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. Using two different task at the same time means multi-tasking. Thread is unit of a process. Check out our website: http://www.telusko.com Follow Telusko on Twitter: https://twitter.com/navinreddy20 Follow on Facebook: Telusko : https://www.facebook.com/teluskolearnings Navin Reddy : https://www.facebook.com/navintelusko Follow Navin Reddy on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/navinreddy20 Subscribe to our other channel: Navin Reddy : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxmkk8bMSOF-UBF43z-pdGQ?sub_confirmation=1 Telusko Hindi : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCitzw4ROeTVGRRLnCPws-cw?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe to the channel and learn Programming in easy way. Java Tutorial for Beginners : https://goo.gl/p10QfB Scala Tutorials for Java Developers : https://goo.gl/8H1aE5 C Tutorial Playlist : https://goo.gl/8v92pu Android Tutorial for Beginners Playlist : https://goo.gl/MzlIUJ XML Tutorial : https://goo.gl/Eo79do Design Patterns in Java : https://goo.gl/Kd2MWE Socket Programming in Java : https://goo.gl/jlMEbg Spring MVC Tutorial : https://goo.gl/9ubbG2 OpenShift Tutorial for Beginners : https://goo.gl/s58BQH Spring Framework with Maven : https://goo.gl/MaEluO Sql Tutorial for Beginners : https://goo.gl/x3PrTg String Handling in Java : https://goo.gl/zUdPwa Array in Java : https://goo.gl/uXTaUy Java Servlet : https://goo.gl/R5nHp8 Exception Handling in Java : https://goo.gl/N4NbAW

detail
{'title': '13.8 Multithreading InterThread Communication | Producer Consumer', 'heatmap': [{'end': 208.977, 'start': 171.486, 'weight': 0.78}, {'end': 485.412, 'start': 473.188, 'weight': 0.732}, {'end': 826.132, 'start': 793.474, 'weight': 0.74}], 'summary': 'Covers inter-thread communication, creating classes, and threads, introducing java run method with an infinite loop and wait time, implementing multi-threading using a producer-consumer model, and discussing synchronization, wait-notify mechanism, and inter-thread communication methods like wait and notify.', 'chapters': [{'end': 189.541, 'segs': [{'end': 57.678, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5.499, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12.861, 'text': "Oh Now in this video, we'll talk about inter-thread communication.", 'start': 5.499, 'duration': 7.362}, {'end': 18.424, 'text': "Now let's imagine we have two threads and so they want to communicate.", 'start': 13.722, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 22.565, 'text': 'So based on first thread process, the second thread will execute.', 'start': 18.464, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 32.289, 'text': "Let's say if the first thread is doing something, after that second thread should do something and then after second thread has done its work,", 'start': 22.585, 'duration': 9.704}, {'end': 34.35, 'text': 'it time for the first thread once again.', 'start': 32.289, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 38.812, 'text': 'So that means these two threads are communicating so that they can work properly.', 'start': 35.09, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 50.49, 'text': "Now, how can you achieve two threads interacting? For that, let me just write an example here and then we'll try to understand how that will be done.", 'start': 40.439, 'duration': 10.051}, {'end': 52.752, 'text': "So let's start with an example here.", 'start': 51.351, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 55.836, 'text': 'So what I will do now is I will create a class here.', 'start': 53.233, 'duration': 2.603}, {'end': 57.678, 'text': 'Let me name this class as A.', 'start': 56.196, 'duration': 1.482}], 'summary': 'The video discusses inter-thread communication and demonstrates it through a class a example.', 'duration': 52.179, 'max_score': 5.499, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh85499.jpg'}, {'end': 110.413, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 82.085, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 85.568, 'text': 'and I mean two methods one who will set the value, one who will get the value.', 'start': 82.085, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 89.029, 'text': 'For that I will create a method which will set the value.', 'start': 86.448, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 91.189, 'text': "So I will say, let's name it as put.", 'start': 89.049, 'duration': 2.14}, {'end': 92.329, 'text': 'Again, we can use any name.', 'start': 91.349, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 93.77, 'text': 'Let me use put.', 'start': 92.889, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 96.51, 'text': "And let's say this is num itself.", 'start': 94.39, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 101.871, 'text': "Okay And now how will I assign the value? We'll say num.", 'start': 97.69, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 105.792, 'text': 'I will say this.num equal to num.', 'start': 102.171, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 108.293, 'text': "Right That's how you assign the value.", 'start': 106.932, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 110.413, 'text': 'And we also need to fetch the value.', 'start': 108.933, 'duration': 1.48}], 'summary': 'Creating methods for setting and getting values for a variable.', 'duration': 28.328, 'max_score': 82.085, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh882085.jpg'}, {'end': 157.729, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 132.162, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 139.787, 'text': 'So I will create a first thread, will name this thread as producer, because normally this inter-thread communication, to understand this,', 'start': 132.162, 'duration': 7.625}, {'end': 143.349, 'text': 'one of the best example we all use is producer-consumer.', 'start': 139.787, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 149.453, 'text': "So let's take this, we have a producer here and this producer will implement the enable.", 'start': 143.949, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 157.729, 'text': "Okay, that's how you create a thread, right? And inside this producer, unfortunately, I guess I already have a..", 'start': 151.741, 'duration': 5.988}], 'summary': 'Creating a thread named producer for inter-thread communication.', 'duration': 25.567, 'max_score': 132.162, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8132162.jpg'}], 'start': 5.499, 'title': 'Inter-thread communication and creating classes and threads', 'summary': 'Discusses the need for threads to interact, introduces inter-thread communication using a class example, covers creating classes with methods to set and fetch values, and creating a producer thread for inter-thread communication.', 'chapters': [{'end': 57.678, 'start': 5.499, 'title': 'Inter-thread communication', 'summary': 'Discusses inter-thread communication, highlighting the need for two threads to interact for proper functioning, and introduces the concept through a class example.', 'duration': 52.179, 'highlights': ["The need for two threads to communicate for proper functioning is emphasized, with the first thread initiating the second thread's execution and vice versa.", 'The concept of inter-thread communication is introduced through an example involving the creation of a class named A.']}, {'end': 189.541, 'start': 59.15, 'title': 'Creating classes and threads', 'summary': 'Covers creating classes with methods to set and fetch values, and creating a producer thread implementing the runnable interface for inter-thread communication.', 'duration': 130.391, 'highlights': ["We create a class with methods to set and fetch values, requiring two methods for the purpose, such as 'put' to set the value and 'get' to return the value.", "The chapter also involves creating a producer thread named 'producer' to facilitate inter-thread communication, in line with the producer-consumer example."]}], 'duration': 184.042, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh85499.jpg', 'highlights': ["The need for two threads to communicate for proper functioning is emphasized, with the first thread initiating the second thread's execution and vice versa.", 'The concept of inter-thread communication is introduced through an example involving the creation of a class named A.', "We create a class with methods to set and fetch values, requiring two methods for the purpose, such as 'put' to set the value and 'get' to return the value.", "The chapter also involves creating a producer thread named 'producer' to facilitate inter-thread communication, in line with the producer-consumer example."]}, {'end': 518.363, 'segs': [{'end': 271.051, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 189.541, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 195.927, 'text': "okay, I don't need to call super method here, okay, and I also need a run method, right.", 'start': 189.541, 'duration': 6.386}, {'end': 197.408, 'text': 'so I will say public void, run.', 'start': 195.927, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 202.053, 'text': 'and now what it will have is it will.', 'start': 199.731, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 208.977, 'text': 'it will have a number, it will have a count of, which is 0, and i need a infinite loop.', 'start': 202.053, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 214.34, 'text': 'so when you want infinite loop, you always write, while true, because it will go for infinite loop.', 'start': 208.977, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 217.722, 'text': 'and every time this loop runs i want to set the value.', 'start': 214.34, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 223.745, 'text': 'i want to put the value of num as num++ or not num++ but i++.', 'start': 217.722, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 225.947, 'text': 'so every time it runs it will change the value of n.', 'start': 223.745, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 231.824, 'text': 'okay, it will change the value of num.', 'start': 228.723, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 235.945, 'text': 'okay, and after that I need I need to see the value right.', 'start': 231.824, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 238.206, 'text': 'so I will also use a wait.', 'start': 235.945, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 238.546, 'text': 'I will.', 'start': 238.206, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 240.707, 'text': 'I will also make it hold for some time.', 'start': 238.546, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 250.81, 'text': 'so I will use a try catch in which I will say thread.sleep, and I have to ask him for wait for thousand milliseconds.', 'start': 240.707, 'duration': 10.103}, {'end': 258.363, 'text': "that's enough, for I guess, and then I will say catch will say exception e.", 'start': 250.81, 'duration': 7.553}, {'end': 262.426, 'text': 'right now, once we got that, we have done with producer.', 'start': 258.363, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 264.347, 'text': 'now same thing can be done with consumer.', 'start': 262.426, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 267.609, 'text': 'so this is our producer which is producing the value.', 'start': 264.347, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 271.051, 'text': 'so every time it runs it produces a new value.', 'start': 267.609, 'duration': 3.442}], 'summary': 'Creating a java run method with infinite loop and wait time for producer to produce a new value.', 'duration': 81.51, 'max_score': 189.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8189541.jpg'}, {'end': 380.687, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 350.007, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 351.648, 'text': 'the same thing we need in consumer.', 'start': 350.007, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 358.17, 'text': 'we also need a thread for that, since we want to achieve two threads one will be producer thread and one will be consumer thread.', 'start': 351.648, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 363.916, 'text': "we'll say source constructor with queue, and here also we need a thread.", 'start': 358.17, 'duration': 5.746}, {'end': 368.539, 'text': "so we'll use the same line of code which is done here.", 'start': 363.916, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 369.84, 'text': "let's reuse the code right.", 'start': 368.539, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 380.687, 'text': "so let's, let's do that here, and this should be consumer.", 'start': 369.84, 'duration': 10.847}], 'summary': 'Need two threads, one producer and one consumer, to achieve the same thing in consumer.', 'duration': 30.68, 'max_score': 350.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8350007.jpg'}, {'end': 502.397, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 473.188, 'weight': 0.732, 'content': [{'end': 477.99, 'text': 'Okay, that seems good, right? And now I also applied the time.', 'start': 473.188, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 478.85, 'text': "Let's run this code.", 'start': 478.01, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 483.591, 'text': 'Before running this, there should be something, because we got two threads right?', 'start': 479.23, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 485.412, 'text': 'We got producer, we got consumer.', 'start': 483.611, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 491.274, 'text': 'both are accepting the object of Q and one is assigning the value and one is printing the value.', 'start': 485.412, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 494.035, 'text': 'Now if I create.', 'start': 492.134, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 496.595, 'text': 'first of all, we have to create the object of queue.', 'start': 494.035, 'duration': 2.56}, {'end': 497.436, 'text': 'we have to do that.', 'start': 496.595, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 498.196, 'text': "let's do that.", 'start': 497.436, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 502.397, 'text': 'we got the object of queue and we need two objects one is producer, one is consumer.', 'start': 498.196, 'duration': 4.201}], 'summary': 'Code involves two threads - producer and consumer - working with a queue object.', 'duration': 29.209, 'max_score': 473.188, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8473188.jpg'}], 'start': 189.541, 'title': 'Java run method and multi-threading', 'summary': 'Covers creating a java run method with an infinite loop and wait time, and discusses implementing multi-threading in java using a producer-consumer model with two threads and a queue.', 'chapters': [{'end': 240.707, 'start': 189.541, 'title': 'Creating a java run method', 'summary': 'Covers creating a java run method with an infinite loop that increments a number and includes a wait time.', 'duration': 51.166, 'highlights': ['The run method is created with a public void run and includes an infinite loop using while true.', 'Within the loop, the value of num is incremented by i++ to change its value every time the loop runs.', 'A wait time is included to hold the process for some time.']}, {'end': 518.363, 'start': 240.707, 'title': 'Multi-threading in java', 'summary': 'Discusses implementing multi-threading in java using a producer-consumer model, creating two threads, and utilizing a queue to produce and consume values.', 'duration': 277.656, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses implementing multi-threading in Java using a producer-consumer model, creating two threads, and utilizing a queue to produce and consume values.', 'The producer is implemented using try-catch with thread.sleep to produce a new value every time it runs.', 'The consumer is created by implementing a new class that also utilizes the queue to consume the value produced by the producer.', 'The code includes creating objects for the producer and consumer, and then running the program to observe its behavior.']}], 'duration': 328.822, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8189541.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses implementing multi-threading in Java using a producer-consumer model, creating two threads, and utilizing a queue to produce and consume values.', 'The run method is created with a public void run and includes an infinite loop using while true.', 'The producer is implemented using try-catch with thread.sleep to produce a new value every time it runs.', 'Within the loop, the value of num is incremented by i++ to change its value every time the loop runs.']}, {'end': 1029.511, 'segs': [{'end': 602.274, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 575.743, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 581.826, 'text': 'So first a producer will produce, then the consumer will consume so that the producer will consume the next value or produce the next value.', 'start': 575.743, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 588.868, 'text': 'So when producer is running for one time, consumer will also run for only once.', 'start': 582.686, 'duration': 6.182}, {'end': 591.309, 'text': 'Now how to achieve that?', 'start': 590.369, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 597.492, 'text': "So what we'll do for that is, we'll use a boolean variable here just to keep the track,", 'start': 591.87, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 602.274, 'text': "and we'll name this boolean variable as value set and by default, we'll keep it false.", 'start': 597.492, 'duration': 4.782}], 'summary': 'Producers and consumers use a boolean variable to coordinate, ensuring each runs only once.', 'duration': 26.531, 'max_score': 575.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8575743.jpg'}, {'end': 843.682, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 793.474, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 801.03, 'text': "Because this one producer When producer goes on wait, it is consumer's responsibility to notify it.", 'start': 793.474, 'duration': 7.556}, {'end': 802.751, 'text': "So here we'll say notify.", 'start': 801.471, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 806.053, 'text': 'So whom it is notifying? It is notifying the producer thread.', 'start': 802.791, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 811.616, 'text': 'And after this we have to notify which will notify the consumer thread.', 'start': 807.194, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 817.199, 'text': 'So this notify notifies the producer thread and this notify notifies the consumer thread.', 'start': 812.096, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 823.142, 'text': 'Okay And if you try to run this code, we got an exception.', 'start': 818.219, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 826.132, 'text': 'Okay, that is weird.', 'start': 825.111, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 834.456, 'text': 'Now why we got this exception? Maybe because whenever you use wait, we need to make sure that our method is synchronized.', 'start': 826.852, 'duration': 7.604}, {'end': 837.038, 'text': "That is one thing because I don't want any conflict.", 'start': 834.556, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 840.24, 'text': 'So we have to make sure that our method is synchronized.', 'start': 838.178, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 843.682, 'text': "We'll do it for this one also.", 'start': 841.5, 'duration': 2.182}], 'summary': 'Consumer notifies producer thread; need synchronized method to avoid exception.', 'duration': 25.463, 'max_score': 793.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8793474.jpg'}, {'end': 945.256, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 917.123, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 919.385, 'text': 'So producer has produced, it is waiting for the consumer.', 'start': 917.123, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 923.288, 'text': 'Once consumed, producer is producing, waiting for the consumer.', 'start': 920.125, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 926.791, 'text': 'Once consumed, it is producing the next one.', 'start': 924.77, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 929.254, 'text': 'So that means these two are interacting.', 'start': 927.332, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 940.992, 'text': 'So we can use wait to make a thread wait and this notify I mean they notify, so one thread will wait, the other thread will notify.', 'start': 930.782, 'duration': 10.21}, {'end': 943.074, 'text': "That's how it works.", 'start': 941.413, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 945.256, 'text': 'There is one thing you have to observe.', 'start': 943.694, 'duration': 1.562}], 'summary': 'Producer and consumer interact using wait and notify to coordinate production and consumption.', 'duration': 28.133, 'max_score': 917.123, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8917123.jpg'}, {'end': 1018.692, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 989.452, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 994.815, 'text': 'It belongs to object, because Wait on the thread is done with the help of object.', 'start': 989.452, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 996.677, 'text': 'So thread is waiting for that particular object.', 'start': 994.835, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1002.347, 'text': 'So wait, notify they are threads, they are objects methods.', 'start': 997.526, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 1006.208, 'text': 'What about sleep, that is a thread method.', 'start': 1002.888, 'duration': 3.32}, {'end': 1009.329, 'text': "So that's how you achieve inter-thread communication.", 'start': 1006.729, 'duration': 2.6}, {'end': 1018.692, 'text': 'Point to remember is you can achieve inter-thread communication with the help of wait and notify where one thread is asking the other thread to wait.', 'start': 1009.91, 'duration': 8.782}], 'summary': 'Inter-thread communication achieved using wait and notify methods.', 'duration': 29.24, 'max_score': 989.452, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8989452.jpg'}], 'start': 519.104, 'title': 'Synchronization and inter-thread communication', 'summary': 'Discusses incorrect synchronization in the producer-consumer problem, proposing the use of a boolean variable and wait-notify mechanism. it also covers achieving inter-thread communication using wait and notify methods, emphasizing the need for synchronization and explaining differences between sleep and wait methods.', 'chapters': [{'end': 723.839, 'start': 519.104, 'title': 'Synchronization in producer-consumer problem', 'summary': 'Discusses the issue of incorrect synchronization in producer-consumer problem and proposes the use of boolean variable and wait-notify mechanism to ensure that the value is set and consumed sequentially.', 'duration': 204.735, 'highlights': ['The problem of incorrect synchronization in producer-consumer scenario is discussed, where the value is set and consumed inappropriately, leading to unexpected behavior. The chapter highlights the issue of incorrect synchronization in producer-consumer scenario, where the value is getting set and consumed inappropriately, resulting in unexpected behavior.', 'The proposal to use a boolean variable to track whether the value is set, and to utilize a while loop to ensure that the producer waits if the value is already set before producing a new value, thus addressing the synchronization issue. The chapter proposes the use of a boolean variable to track if the value is set, and suggests utilizing a while loop to make the producer wait if the value is already set before producing a new value, thereby addressing the synchronization issue.', 'The explanation of using wait and notify mechanisms to ensure proper synchronization between the producer and consumer threads, with the producer waiting if the value is set and being notified by the consumer when the value is consumed. The chapter explains the use of wait and notify mechanisms to ensure proper synchronization between the producer and consumer threads, with the producer waiting if the value is set and being notified by the consumer when the value is consumed.']}, {'end': 1029.511, 'start': 725.413, 'title': 'Inter-thread communication with wait and notify', 'summary': 'Discusses achieving inter-thread communication using wait and notify methods, emphasizing the need for synchronization when using wait method, and explaining the differences between sleep and wait methods.', 'duration': 304.098, 'highlights': ['The wait and notify methods are used for inter-thread communication, where one thread waits while the other notifies, ensuring synchronization and preventing conflicts.', 'The wait method belongs to the object class, and when using wait and notify, an object is required for the threads to work with.', 'Synchronization is crucial when using the wait method to avoid conflicts and ensure smooth inter-thread communication.', 'The wait method is used to make a thread wait, while the notify method is used to signal the waiting thread to continue, enabling effective inter-thread communication.']}], 'duration': 510.407, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/A1tnVMpWHh8/pics/A1tnVMpWHh8519104.jpg', 'highlights': ['The proposal to use a boolean variable to track whether the value is set, and to utilize a while loop to ensure that the producer waits if the value is already set before producing a new value, thus addressing the synchronization issue.', 'The explanation of using wait and notify mechanisms to ensure proper synchronization between the producer and consumer threads, with the producer waiting if the value is set and being notified by the consumer when the value is consumed.', 'The wait and notify methods are used for inter-thread communication, where one thread waits while the other notifies, ensuring synchronization and preventing conflicts.', 'Synchronization is crucial when using the wait method to avoid conflicts and ensure smooth inter-thread communication.']}], 'highlights': ['The explanation of using wait and notify mechanisms to ensure proper synchronization between the producer and consumer threads, with the producer waiting if the value is set and being notified by the consumer when the value is consumed.', 'The proposal to use a boolean variable to track whether the value is set, and to utilize a while loop to ensure that the producer waits if the value is already set before producing a new value, thus addressing the synchronization issue.', "The need for two threads to communicate for proper functioning is emphasized, with the first thread initiating the second thread's execution and vice versa.", 'The chapter discusses implementing multi-threading in Java using a producer-consumer model, creating two threads, and utilizing a queue to produce and consume values.', 'The concept of inter-thread communication is introduced through an example involving the creation of a class named A.', "We create a class with methods to set and fetch values, requiring two methods for the purpose, such as 'put' to set the value and 'get' to return the value.", 'The run method is created with a public void run and includes an infinite loop using while true.', "The chapter also involves creating a producer thread named 'producer' to facilitate inter-thread communication, in line with the producer-consumer example.", 'The wait and notify methods are used for inter-thread communication, where one thread waits while the other notifies, ensuring synchronization and preventing conflicts.', 'Synchronization is crucial when using the wait method to avoid conflicts and ensure smooth inter-thread communication.', 'Within the loop, the value of num is incremented by i++ to change its value every time the loop runs.', 'The producer is implemented using try-catch with thread.sleep to produce a new value every time it runs.']}