title
PostgreSQL Tutorial Full Course 2022

description
Ask me Anything Anytime on Twitter: https://x.com/NewThinkTank I provide here in this PostgreSQL tutorial a full course you can use to master PostgreSQL. Postgres is an object relational database that is just as fast as MySQL that adheres more closely to SQL standards and excels at concurrency. Postgres is also superior at avoiding data corruption. Postgres also provides more advanced data types and allows for the creation of custom types, operators and index types. Postgres is normally the best option when extensibility, scalability and data integrity are most important to you. The table of contents below provides timestamps to everything I cover. Code & Transcript Here : https://github.com/derekbanas/postgresql-tutorial Best Book on PostgreSQL : https://amzn.to/3rkNX3e MY UDEMY COURSES ARE 87.5% OFF TIL May 1st ($9.99) ➡️ Python Data Science Series: Highest Rated & Largest Python Udemy Course + 56 Hrs + 200 Videos + Data Science https://bit.ly/Master_Python_52 ➡️ C++ Programming Bootcamp Series: Over 23 Hrs + 53 Videos + Quizzes + Graded Assignments https://bit.ly/C_Course_52 ➡️ Golang Course: 15 Hrs + Web Apps + Core Language + Create a Blog + PostgreSQL + Problem Solving https://bit.ly/go-tutorial10 #postgresql #postgres #fullcourse TABLE OF CONTENTS 00:00 Intro 00:30 Why Use Postgres? 01:13 What is a Database 03:12 Change Database Theme 03:53 Create a Database 04:46 Design a Database 05:50 Turn Invoice into a Database 07:04 Make a Table 12:13 Data Types 16:36 Adding Data to Table 18:15 To See Data 18:25 SELECT 19:19 Create Custom Type 20:48 Change Column Data Type 22:58 Thinking About Tables 25:37 Breaking Up Tables 27:03 Primary & Foreign Keys 32:40 Foreign & Primary Keys 33:28 Altering Tables Many Examples 53:00 Getting Data from One Table 53:40 Where 54:30 Conditional Operators 55:48 Logical Operators 58:12 Order By 59:32 Limit 1:01:45 GROUP BY 1:03:11 Distinct 1:05:00 Getting Data from Multiple Tables 1:05:21 Inner Join 1:08:50 Join 3 Tables 1:13:15 Arithmetic Operators 1:13:45 Join with Where 1:14:55 Outer Joins 1:17:03 Cross Joins 1:18:16 Unions 1:19:27 Extract 1:21:05 IS NULL 1:22:03 SIMILAR LIKE & ~ 1:29:25 GROUP BY 1:31:14 HAVING 1:32:18 AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS 1:34:22 WORKING WITH VIEWS 1:45:01 SQL Functions 1:49:00 Dollar Quotes 1:50:06 Functions that Return Void 1:52:38 Get Maximum Product Price 1:53:39 Get Total Value of Inventory 1:54:26 Get Number of Customers 1:56:15 Named Parameters 2:01:30 Return a Row / Composite 2:03:38 Get Multiple Rows 2:07:08 PL/pgSQL 2:11:35 Variables in Functions 2:15:55 Store Rows in Variables 2:19:17 IN INOUT and OUT 2:21:01 Using Multiple Outs 2:25:56 Return Query Results 2:33:42 IF ELSEIF and ELSE 2:38:48 CASE Statement 2:42:01 Loop Statement 2:45:20 FOR LOOP 2:48:34 Result Sets, Blocks & Raise Notice 2:51:11 For Each and Arrays 2:53:20 While Loop 2:54:54 Continue 3:01:34 Stored Procedures 3:09:35 Triggers 3:29:25 Cursors 3:39:45 Installation

detail
{'title': 'PostgreSQL Tutorial Full Course 2022', 'heatmap': [{'end': 802.774, 'start': 661.537, 'weight': 0.924}, {'end': 1335.559, 'start': 929.113, 'weight': 0.767}, {'end': 13329.085, 'start': 13195.24, 'weight': 0.898}], 'summary': "This postgresql tutorial video provides a comprehensive overview of postgres, covering database design, sql fundamentals, join operations, sql functions, programming concepts, database triggers, and customer payments, with practical examples and insights, including a 1000-page book's worth of content and a focus on postgresql.", 'chapters': [{'end': 230.891, 'segs': [{'end': 191.161, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 166.757, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 172.38, 'text': "So whenever you first open up PG admin, you're going to type in some type of password.", 'start': 166.757, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 174.821, 'text': 'And my password is turtle dove.', 'start': 173.22, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 177.582, 'text': 'Never use that because I use that in all my tutorials.', 'start': 174.861, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 180.003, 'text': 'And you just log in here.', 'start': 178.603, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 181.824, 'text': "Then you're going to go over to servers.", 'start': 180.064, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 184.826, 'text': "Now, the very first thing we're going to want to do here.", 'start': 182.345, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 188.499, 'text': "is, we're going to want to create a new database.", 'start': 185.356, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 191.161, 'text': 'so just go into databases.', 'start': 188.499, 'duration': 2.662}], 'summary': 'In pg admin, create a new database after logging in and accessing servers.', 'duration': 24.404, 'max_score': 166.757, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY166757.jpg'}], 'start': 0.233, 'title': 'Postgres full course overview', 'summary': "Covers a full course on postgres in one video, including a 1000 page book's worth of content, with a table of contents for easy navigation, numerous examples, and installation instructions at the end.", 'chapters': [{'end': 32.564, 'start': 0.233, 'title': 'Postgres full course overview', 'summary': "Covers a full course on postgres in one video, including a 1000 page book's worth of content, with a table of contents for easy navigation, numerous examples, and installation instructions at the end.", 'duration': 32.331, 'highlights': ['The video contains a full course on Postgres, equivalent to a 1000 page book, with a table of contents for navigation and numerous examples provided.', 'Installation instructions for Postgres are covered at the end of the video, with the option to navigate using the table of contents.']}, {'end': 230.891, 'start': 33.044, 'title': 'Introduction to postgres and database basics', 'summary': 'Explains the advantages of using postgres over mysql, highlighting its adherence to sql standards, concurrency, data integrity, and extensibility, and provides an overview of databases, tables, and commands, emphasizing the importance of primary keys and introducing the process of setting up a new database using pgadmin.', 'duration': 197.847, 'highlights': ['Postgres excels at concurrency and data integrity, making it the best option for extensibility and scalability.', 'Postgres provides more advanced data types, custom data types, operators, and index types, enhancing its flexibility and functionality.', 'Databases are structured into rows and columns, and queries are used to retrieve or modify data, with each table containing multiple rows and columns representing different types of data.', 'Primary keys are used to define unique entities in a table, ensuring data integrity and uniqueness.', 'Setting up a new database using pgAdmin involves creating a new database and customizing the theme preferences, with minor differences between Windows, Mac, and Linux versions.']}], 'duration': 230.658, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY233.jpg', 'highlights': ['The video contains a full course on Postgres, equivalent to a 1000 page book, with a table of contents for navigation and numerous examples provided.', 'Postgres excels at concurrency and data integrity, making it the best option for extensibility and scalability.', 'Postgres provides more advanced data types, custom data types, operators, and index types, enhancing its flexibility and functionality.', 'Databases are structured into rows and columns, and queries are used to retrieve or modify data, with each table containing multiple rows and columns representing different types of data.', 'Installation instructions for Postgres are covered at the end of the video, with the option to navigate using the table of contents.']}, {'end': 994.803, 'segs': [{'end': 304.67, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 272.804, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 278.967, 'text': "you're going to want to go to your database and right click on it and come down here to query tool and click on that.", 'start': 272.804, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 280.608, 'text': 'And there it opens.', 'start': 279.628, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 286.151, 'text': "And this is where you're going to put your queries in and this is of course where you're going to get the output from your queries.", 'start': 281.149, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 290.754, 'text': "Now, of course, whenever you are going to start creating a database, which we're going to create,", 'start': 286.432, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 294.436, 'text': "a really large database that's going to track orders for a company.", 'start': 290.754, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 304.67, 'text': 'You want to think about things like, and you want to make sure, that one table is going to represent one real world object or one real world group.', 'start': 295.063, 'duration': 9.607}], 'summary': 'Tutorial on creating and querying a database for tracking company orders.', 'duration': 31.866, 'max_score': 272.804, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY272804.jpg'}, {'end': 802.774, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 661.537, 'weight': 0.924, 'content': [{'end': 667.06, 'text': "And that just means that every time you add a new customer, it's automatically going to handle that for you.", 'start': 661.537, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 673.003, 'text': 'And after we go and create our table, we just come up here and click on execute.', 'start': 667.94, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 675.964, 'text': 'And if it says created table, everything looks good here.', 'start': 673.363, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 679.106, 'text': "Then you can come down inside of here, but you're not going to.", 'start': 676.364, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 681.327, 'text': "Well, sometimes you see it, sometimes you don't.", 'start': 679.166, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 683.148, 'text': "So let's move this over here.", 'start': 681.827, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 687.468, 'text': "it does have our customer table inside of there, if it ever doesn't?", 'start': 683.726, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 689.45, 'text': "you ever look for something and it's not there?", 'start': 687.468, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 693.753, 'text': 'just right click here and click on refresh, and then you will see it.', 'start': 689.45, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 705.48, 'text': "but you can see there is our customer table and we can right click on it and click on properties and it's going to show us some information about it and you can directly change the table inside of here.", 'start': 693.753, 'duration': 11.727}, {'end': 706.761, 'text': 'so here is the column.', 'start': 705.48, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 714.776, 'text': 'so if you decide you want to change any of these, or get rid of that nullability or make something a primary key or a default value,', 'start': 706.761, 'duration': 8.015}, {'end': 719.458, 'text': 'you can do that directly inside of this tool, which is very useful.', 'start': 714.776, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 724.321, 'text': "And we'll get more into all of these other specific things here as we continue.", 'start': 720.259, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 726.543, 'text': "But for now, we're not going to do anything.", 'start': 724.762, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 730.665, 'text': "And we're going to say yes, we're happy with our table, we do not want to update anything.", 'start': 726.643, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 737.229, 'text': 'Now what I want to do is go over a lot of these different data types, because they can be slightly confusing.', 'start': 731.025, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 737.852, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 737.492, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 747.454, 'text': "so first off you're going to have your character types and up here you can see that what I'm basically saying is I want to store a maximum number of five characters.", 'start': 737.852, 'duration': 9.602}, {'end': 751.195, 'text': 'You can also just create a variable number of characters.', 'start': 747.914, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 755.176, 'text': 'This is a data type, and this is going to store any length of characters.', 'start': 751.215, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 761.778, 'text': 'You can also, like I did previously, define what I consider to be my maximum number of characters,', 'start': 755.556, 'duration': 6.222}, {'end': 767.039, 'text': "and then you're going to also have the text data type, which is also going to store any length of characters.", 'start': 761.778, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 769.987, 'text': 'In regards to the numeric types, there are many.', 'start': 767.526, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 775.088, 'text': 'You have serial, and these are basically whole numbers that auto increment.', 'start': 770.447, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 779.869, 'text': 'Like I said before, every time you add a new customer, it automatically, if you have one customer, you add another one.', 'start': 775.128, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 786.391, 'text': "Now all of a sudden the ID, if it's marked serial, is automatically going to become two and three and four and always.", 'start': 779.909, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 792.112, 'text': "You're always going to use these for your identifications with your primary keys.", 'start': 787.231, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 795.025, 'text': 'And there are different types of serial.', 'start': 793.062, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 802.774, 'text': "Mainly you're going to use just the regular serial data type, but there's also a small serial and you can see the ranges of values.", 'start': 795.105, 'duration': 7.669}], 'summary': 'Tool allows easy table creation and modification of data types, such as character and numeric, with auto-incrementing serial ids.', 'duration': 141.237, 'max_score': 661.537, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY661537.jpg'}, {'end': 802.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 770.447, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 775.088, 'text': 'You have serial, and these are basically whole numbers that auto increment.', 'start': 770.447, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 779.869, 'text': 'Like I said before, every time you add a new customer, it automatically, if you have one customer, you add another one.', 'start': 775.128, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 786.391, 'text': "Now all of a sudden the ID, if it's marked serial, is automatically going to become two and three and four and always.", 'start': 779.909, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 792.112, 'text': "You're always going to use these for your identifications with your primary keys.", 'start': 787.231, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 795.025, 'text': 'And there are different types of serial.', 'start': 793.062, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 802.774, 'text': "Mainly you're going to use just the regular serial data type, but there's also a small serial and you can see the ranges of values.", 'start': 795.105, 'duration': 7.669}], 'summary': 'Serial numbers auto-increment for customer ids and primary keys.', 'duration': 32.327, 'max_score': 770.447, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY770447.jpg'}, {'end': 840.382, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 815.12, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 823.949, 'text': 'but these are signed and you can see the minimums as well as the maximums for all of these different data types as well.', 'start': 815.12, 'duration': 8.829}, {'end': 825.21, 'text': 'then you have floats.', 'start': 823.949, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 826.912, 'text': 'these are numbers with decimals.', 'start': 825.21, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 828.333, 'text': 'here, for data types,', 'start': 826.912, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 838.141, 'text': "you're going to have decimals and you can see here how many digits You are going to be able to hold inside of them and then how many values after the decimal.", 'start': 828.333, 'duration': 9.808}, {'end': 840.382, 'text': 'And this is the data type, decimal.', 'start': 838.621, 'duration': 1.761}], 'summary': 'Transcript explains data types including decimals and their limitations.', 'duration': 25.262, 'max_score': 815.12, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY815120.jpg'}], 'start': 231.231, 'title': 'Creating sales database and tables in postgres', 'summary': 'Covers creating a salesdb2 database in postgres, emphasizing the importance of database design to reduce redundant data and ensure data integrity, explaining data types and constraints. it also includes creating tables, modifying table properties, and understanding various data types.', 'chapters': [{'end': 667.06, 'start': 231.231, 'title': 'Creating sales database in postgres', 'summary': 'Covers the process of creating a salesdb2 database in postgres, including the creation of tables and fields, emphasizing the importance of designing a database to reduce redundant data and ensuring data integrity, and explaining the data types and constraints used in the process.', 'duration': 435.829, 'highlights': ['The process of creating a SalesDB2 database in Postgres, including the creation of tables and fields. Covers the step-by-step process of creating a new database (SalesDB2) in Postgres, and the creation of tables and fields to store customer information and other related data.', 'Emphasizing the importance of designing a database to reduce redundant data and ensuring data integrity. Explains the significance of designing a database to minimize redundant data, ensuring that each table represents a real-world object and discussing the relationship between tables to maintain data integrity.', 'Explanation of the data types and constraints used in the process of creating the database. Provides an explanation of various data types such as variable character and date, along with constraints like not null and primary key, used in defining the fields and ensuring data accuracy and consistency.']}, {'end': 994.803, 'start': 667.94, 'title': 'Creating tables and data types in database', 'summary': 'Covers creating tables in a database, modifying table properties, and understanding various data types including character types, numeric types, boolean types, date and time data types, and intervals.', 'duration': 326.863, 'highlights': ['Understanding various data types including character types, numeric types, boolean types, date and time data types, and intervals The chapter covers the different data types such as character types, numeric types, boolean types, date and time data types, and intervals, providing a comprehensive understanding of each.', 'Modifying table properties and columns directly inside of the database tool The database tool allows for direct modification of table properties and columns, enabling changes such as adjusting nullability, setting primary keys, and defining default values.', "Creating tables in the database and checking their existence The process of creating tables in the database and ensuring their existence is demonstrated, including the use of the 'refresh' option to view newly created tables."]}], 'duration': 763.572, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY231231.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizing the importance of designing a database to reduce redundant data and ensuring data integrity. Explains the significance of designing a database to minimize redundant data, ensuring that each table represents a real-world object and discussing the relationship between tables to maintain data integrity.', 'Understanding various data types including character types, numeric types, boolean types, date and time data types, and intervals The chapter covers the different data types such as character types, numeric types, boolean types, date and time data types, and intervals, providing a comprehensive understanding of each.', 'The process of creating a SalesDB2 database in Postgres, including the creation of tables and fields. Covers the step-by-step process of creating a new database (SalesDB2) in Postgres, and the creation of tables and fields to store customer information and other related data.']}, {'end': 2381.251, 'segs': [{'end': 1287.169, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1259.73, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1268.998, 'text': "And then you're gonna say alter column And we're going to say sex, which is the name of our column down here.", 'start': 1259.73, 'duration': 9.268}, {'end': 1271.46, 'text': "And then we're going to need to say type.", 'start': 1269.599, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 1274.562, 'text': 'And let me make this uppercase.', 'start': 1272.681, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1276.483, 'text': "It doesn't matter if they're uppercase or not.", 'start': 1274.882, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1279.985, 'text': "And I'm going to say that I want it to be sex type now.", 'start': 1277.103, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 1287.169, 'text': "And then I'm going to say specifically using sex colon colon sex type.", 'start': 1280.565, 'duration': 6.604}], 'summary': "Modify column 'sex' to 'sex type' using sql alter column command.", 'duration': 27.439, 'max_score': 1259.73, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY1259730.jpg'}, {'end': 1488.095, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1461.474, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 1469.203, 'text': "Let's just come back inside of here and let's create table and let's leave this here and let's change this to product type.", 'start': 1461.474, 'duration': 7.729}, {'end': 1474.969, 'text': 'So product type like this.', 'start': 1469.803, 'duration': 5.166}, {'end': 1478.913, 'text': "And then what are we going to have inside of it? Well, we said we're going to have a name.", 'start': 1475.469, 'duration': 3.444}, {'end': 1483.794, 'text': "And it's either going to be business, athletic, or casual.", 'start': 1479.793, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 1488.095, 'text': "And variable number of characters, 30, looks like that'll work, not null.", 'start': 1484.594, 'duration': 3.501}], 'summary': 'Creating a table with product type as business, athletic, or casual with a maximum of 30 characters, not null.', 'duration': 26.621, 'max_score': 1461.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY1461474.jpg'}, {'end': 1730.713, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1701.997, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1705.721, 'text': "And once again, for the ID, you're always going to be using serial for that.", 'start': 1701.997, 'duration': 3.724}, {'end': 1708.764, 'text': 'And we can come in here and we can also create that.', 'start': 1706.282, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1716.733, 'text': "Now, what we're doing here with this specific table is this is just going to describe what we call the quality of an item.", 'start': 1709.065, 'duration': 7.668}, {'end': 1723.76, 'text': 'Now, if I were to list quantity here, it would make it hard to look at this as a single item.', 'start': 1717.253, 'duration': 6.507}, {'end': 1728.27, 'text': 'And quantity should be kept in a completely different table.', 'start': 1724.586, 'duration': 3.684}, {'end': 1730.713, 'text': "And of course, we're going to create that as well.", 'start': 1728.871, 'duration': 1.842}], 'summary': 'Creating a table for item quality, separating quantity into a different table.', 'duration': 28.716, 'max_score': 1701.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY1701997.jpg'}, {'end': 1837.534, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1796.152, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1799.854, 'text': 'So here we have a foreign key that references the product table.', 'start': 1796.152, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 1804.623, 'text': "We're going to have a size, which is going to be an integer, not null for every single thing here.", 'start': 1800.182, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 1809.805, 'text': "We're going to have color, we're going to have picture, we're going to have price, and we're also going to have our ID, of course.", 'start': 1804.643, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 1813.206, 'text': "Of course, we'll go and run this, and we've created that table.", 'start': 1809.825, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 1819.368, 'text': 'And, of course, we can come up here and verify that this was created by right-clicking on this and refreshing.', 'start': 1813.866, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 1827.689, 'text': 'and then come down inside of tables, and we can see all of our tables, and here is our item table also.', 'start': 1820.106, 'duration': 7.583}, {'end': 1829.43, 'text': 'This brings us to our next table.', 'start': 1828.049, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1837.534, 'text': "So we're also going to want to have a sales order table, and if we look at the information that we have here, what do we have??", 'start': 1829.79, 'duration': 7.744}], 'summary': 'Created product and sales order tables with specified attributes', 'duration': 41.382, 'max_score': 1796.152, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY1796152.jpg'}, {'end': 1901.352, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1873.307, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1881.211, 'text': "Maybe there's a secret code and also the different, potentially different name that is on the card, and then of course,", 'start': 1873.307, 'duration': 7.904}, {'end': 1886.274, 'text': "we'll have an ID so that we can reference all the information on our sales orders.", 'start': 1881.211, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 1891.537, 'text': "so, once again, we're going to come in here and we're going to create this table and you can see it's called sales order.", 'start': 1886.274, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 1895.18, 'text': 'it has a customer ID, foreign key, salesperson ID.', 'start': 1891.537, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 1901.352, 'text': 'it also has time, order, taken purchase order, credit card number, credit card, expiration month day.', 'start': 1895.18, 'duration': 6.172}], 'summary': 'Creating a sales order table with customer id, salesperson id, and credit card details to reference sales orders.', 'duration': 28.045, 'max_score': 1873.307, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY1873307.jpg'}, {'end': 2136.902, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2086.83, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2087.13, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 2086.83, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 2087.871, 'text': 'So there that is.', 'start': 2087.15, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 2091.172, 'text': 'And we want to set it to not null, for example.', 'start': 2088.591, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 2093.033, 'text': 'So just reference the table.', 'start': 2091.431, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 2096.695, 'text': 'You then say alter and column.', 'start': 2093.594, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 2098.516, 'text': 'And all of this is on GitHub.', 'start': 2096.915, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2101.438, 'text': "We're going to be using day of week again.", 'start': 2098.977, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 2105.88, 'text': "And I'm going to set it for not null.", 'start': 2102.458, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 2107.161, 'text': 'Right like that.', 'start': 2106.621, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 2110.009, 'text': 'And we can run this and it will come up here.', 'start': 2107.808, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 2111.389, 'text': "You can see that it's successful.", 'start': 2110.029, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 2112.429, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 2112.029, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 2115.33, 'text': 'Then we decide that we want to change the name of a column.', 'start': 2112.789, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2116.57, 'text': 'So how do we do that?', 'start': 2115.69, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 2126.293, 'text': "We're going to use sales or alter table again with our sales item, except we'll just get rid of this, and we're going to say rename,", 'start': 2116.67, 'duration': 9.623}, {'end': 2131.014, 'text': "column and we'll say day of week.", 'start': 2126.293, 'duration': 4.721}, {'end': 2132.795, 'text': "Maybe somebody says we don't like that.", 'start': 2131.094, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2136.902, 'text': 'And we want to change it to something that is shorter, that makes more sense.', 'start': 2133.559, 'duration': 3.343}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers altering a table, setting columns to not null, and renaming a column on github.', 'duration': 50.072, 'max_score': 2086.83, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2086830.jpg'}], 'start': 994.823, 'title': 'Sql data insertion, table alterations, and database design', 'summary': 'Explains sql data insertion, retrieval, custom data types, table alterations, database table design, and management. it covers topics such as creating custom data types, altering tables, database table design, and creating item and sales order tables.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1142.126, 'start': 994.823, 'title': 'Sql data insertion and retrieval', 'summary': 'Explains how to insert data into a customer table in sql, including auto-incrementing ids, using current timestamp, and viewing/editing data, and introduces the select query for retrieving information in ascending order by id.', 'duration': 147.303, 'highlights': ['Explaining auto-incrementing ID feature The ID in the customer table is auto-incrementing, with the first customer being assigned the ID of one, and subsequent customers receiving the next incremental IDs.', "Using current timestamp for data entry The tutorial demonstrates using 'current timestamp' to record the time of data entry for a customer, ensuring accurate time records for each entry.", "Introduction to the select query for data retrieval The chapter introduces the select query to retrieve information from the customer table, using 'order by' to sort the data in ascending order based on the unique identification (ID).", "Viewing and editing data in the customer table The tutorial explains how to view and edit data in the customer table by right-clicking, selecting 'view and edit data', and creating and displaying the query information in the table area.", 'Inserting data into the customer table The chapter details the process of inserting information into the customer table, including the demonstration of listing out columns and entering customer information, and then running the query to insert the data.']}, {'end': 1365.161, 'start': 1142.426, 'title': 'Database custom data types and table alterations', 'summary': "Discusses the creation of custom data types and the alteration of tables in a database. it covers the creation of an enumerated 'sex' type with specific values, altering a table column to use the new custom data type, and creating a table for salespeople with default values and data types.", 'duration': 222.735, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains the creation of an enumerated 'sex' data type with specific values 'M' and 'F', tied into the database, and demonstrates its successful creation and viewing in the database interface.", 'It details the process of altering a table column to use a new custom data type, involving the use of queries and ensuring the successful execution of the query.', "It demonstrates the creation of a table for salespeople, showcasing the use of default values and data types for table fields, with an emphasis on the 'date hired' field and the option to execute single queries in a multi-query interface."]}, {'end': 1795.632, 'start': 1366.187, 'title': 'Database table design for product information', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of designing database tables for product information, including the separation of product types, attributes, and quantities, as well as the use of foreign keys and the rationale behind table normalization and separation.', 'duration': 429.445, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of separating product information such as business, casual, or athletic types into a separate table, along with details like brand, shoe name, size, color, price, and quantity.', "It discusses the creation of a 'product type' table with variables for business, athletic, or casual types, including the assignment of an ID and the use of a primary key.", "The chapter explains the process of creating a 'product' table using a foreign key to reference the 'product type' table, and includes attributes such as name, supplier, and description, emphasizing the use of the integer type for foreign keys.", "It details the creation of an 'item' table to describe the quality of an item, emphasizing the separation of quantity into a separate table to facilitate modeling individual objects and the use of a product ID as a reference.", 'The chapter highlights the rationale behind using foreign keys as references to primary keys in other tables and the importance of table normalization and separation to improve database structure and efficiency.']}, {'end': 1913.555, 'start': 1796.152, 'title': 'Creating item and sales order tables', 'summary': 'Discusses the creation of item and sales order tables with specific attributes, including foreign keys, data types, and the use of smallest data type possible.', 'duration': 117.403, 'highlights': ['The item table is created with attributes like size, color, picture, price, and ID, and all attributes are set as not null. The item table is created with attributes like size, color, picture, price, and ID, and all attributes are set as not null.', 'The sales order table is created with attributes including customer ID, salesperson ID, timestamp, purchase order, credit card information, and name on the card. The sales order table is created with attributes including customer ID, salesperson ID, timestamp, purchase order, credit card information, and name on the card.', 'The smallest data type possible is used for all attributes in the sales order table. The smallest data type possible is used for all attributes in the sales order table.']}, {'end': 2381.251, 'start': 1913.555, 'title': 'Database table management', 'summary': 'Covers creating and managing database tables, including adding, modifying, and dropping columns, as well as creating indexes and deleting data and tables, with practical examples and step-by-step instructions.', 'duration': 467.696, 'highlights': ["Explaining the process of adding a new column to a table using the 'alter' command and demonstrating it with the 'sales item' table and a new 'day of week' column, showcasing the practical application of database table management. Step-by-step demonstration of adding a new column and confirming its successful addition.", "Illustrating the modification of a column by setting it to 'not null' using the 'alter' command on the 'sales item' table and showcasing the step-by-step process with successful execution. Step-by-step demonstration of modifying a column to 'not null' and confirming its successful modification.", "Demonstrating the process of renaming a column using the 'alter table' command on the 'sales item' table, exemplifying the practical application of modifying table columns. Step-by-step demonstration of renaming a column and confirming its successful renaming.", "Showcasing the process of dropping a column from a table using the 'alter table' command on the 'sales item' table, with a clear demonstration of the practical application of removing table columns. Step-by-step demonstration of dropping a column and confirming its successful removal.", "Demonstrating the creation of a new table named 'transaction type' and explaining the process of creating a primary key, providing a clear example of creating a new table with defined constraints. Step-by-step demonstration of creating a new table with a primary key and defined constraints.", "Illustrating the process of renaming a table using the 'alter table' command to change 'transaction type' to 'transaction', providing a practical example of modifying table names. Step-by-step demonstration of renaming a table and confirming its successful renaming.", "Demonstrating the creation of an index based on a single column in the 'transaction' table, showcasing the practical application of creating indexes for efficient data retrieval. Step-by-step demonstration of creating an index based on a single column and confirming its successful creation.", "Illustrating the creation of an index based on multiple columns in the 'transaction' table, exemplifying the practical application of creating indexes for efficient data retrieval. Step-by-step demonstration of creating an index based on multiple columns and confirming its successful creation.", "Demonstrating the process of truncating a table using the 'truncate table' command on the 'transaction' table, providing a practical example of deleting all data within a table. Step-by-step demonstration of truncating a table and confirming the successful deletion of all data.", "Illustrating the process of dropping a table using the 'drop table' command to delete the 'transaction' table, providing a practical example of removing an entire table from the database. Step-by-step demonstration of dropping a table and confirming its successful removal."]}], 'duration': 1386.428, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY994823.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of separating product information such as business, casual, or athletic types into a separate table, along with details like brand, shoe name, size, color, price, and quantity.', "The chapter details the process of creating a 'product' table using a foreign key to reference the 'product type' table, and includes attributes such as name, supplier, and description, emphasizing the use of the integer type for foreign keys.", 'The sales order table is created with attributes including customer ID, salesperson ID, timestamp, purchase order, credit card information, and name on the card.', 'The chapter highlights the rationale behind using foreign keys as references to primary keys in other tables and the importance of table normalization and separation to improve database structure and efficiency.', "Explaining the process of adding a new column to a table using the 'alter' command and demonstrating it with the 'sales item' table and a new 'day of week' column, showcasing the practical application of database table management.", "Illustrating the modification of a column by setting it to 'not null' using the 'alter' command on the 'sales item' table and showcasing the step-by-step process with successful execution.", "Demonstrating the process of renaming a column using the 'alter table' command on the 'sales item' table, exemplifying the practical application of modifying table columns.", "Showcasing the process of dropping a column from a table using the 'alter table' command on the 'sales item' table, with a clear demonstration of the practical application of removing table columns.", "Demonstrating the creation of a new table named 'transaction type' and explaining the process of creating a primary key, providing a clear example of creating a new table with defined constraints.", "Illustrating the process of renaming a table using the 'alter table' command to change 'transaction type' to 'transaction', providing a practical example of modifying table names.", "Demonstrating the creation of an index based on a single column in the 'transaction' table, showcasing the practical application of creating indexes for efficient data retrieval.", "Illustrating the creation of an index based on multiple columns in the 'transaction' table, exemplifying the practical application of creating indexes for efficient data retrieval.", "Demonstrating the process of truncating a table using the 'truncate table' command on the 'transaction' table, providing a practical example of deleting all data within a table.", "Illustrating the process of dropping a table using the 'drop table' command to delete the 'transaction' table, providing a practical example of removing an entire table from the database."]}, {'end': 3343.252, 'segs': [{'end': 2491.344, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2465.71, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2471.714, 'text': "And if we just highlight this and run it, you can see it's going to give us information that we just entered.", 'start': 2465.71, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 2478.741, 'text': "So there's business, because it was entered first, it gets the ID 1, and then we have casual and athletic on top of that.", 'start': 2472.179, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 2480.261, 'text': 'All right, so good stuff.', 'start': 2479.201, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 2491.344, 'text': "Another thing that's interesting to know is that you can also insert multiple rows without defining the column names if you put the values in the same order as our table data.", 'start': 2480.501, 'duration': 10.843}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates inserting multiple rows without defining column names, aligned with table data.', 'duration': 25.634, 'max_score': 2465.71, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2465710.jpg'}, {'end': 2714.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2686.253, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2688.995, 'text': 'And what table are we altering? Our customer table.', 'start': 2686.253, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 2693.137, 'text': 'And then we want to alter what? We want to alter a column.', 'start': 2689.655, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 2695.919, 'text': 'What column? We want to alter the zip column.', 'start': 2693.258, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 2700.722, 'text': 'And what do we want to do? We want to change its type to an integer.', 'start': 2696.62, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 2702.686, 'text': 'And we can do that.', 'start': 2701.645, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 2703.607, 'text': 'And we can run it.', 'start': 2702.886, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 2704.648, 'text': "It's successful.", 'start': 2703.867, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 2714.776, 'text': 'And if we come in here to customer and properties and columns and zip, you can now see that it is an integer, not a small int.', 'start': 2705.328, 'duration': 9.448}], 'summary': 'Altered zip column in customer table to integer successfully.', 'duration': 28.523, 'max_score': 2686.253, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2686253.jpg'}, {'end': 2847.66, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2820.016, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2822.797, 'text': 'And what do we want it to be? We want it to be an integer.', 'start': 2820.016, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2824.077, 'text': 'And we can run that.', 'start': 2823.257, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 2825.858, 'text': 'And that also worked.', 'start': 2824.717, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 2826.778, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 2826.398, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 2831.499, 'text': 'So now after we have all that set, now we can enter in all of our salespeople data.', 'start': 2826.798, 'duration': 4.701}, {'end': 2833.7, 'text': "So let's go and grab that.", 'start': 2831.959, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2835.608, 'text': "We don't have that many salespeople.", 'start': 2834.107, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2836.79, 'text': "Let's paste them inside of there.", 'start': 2835.648, 'duration': 1.142}, {'end': 2840.273, 'text': 'And again, it has all the relevant information for it.', 'start': 2837.11, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 2845.137, 'text': "And remember, you don't need all of the different column names if you put it in order.", 'start': 2840.633, 'duration': 4.504}, {'end': 2847.66, 'text': 'But I just did that just to be descriptive.', 'start': 2845.217, 'duration': 2.443}], 'summary': 'Setting integer as data type, entering salespeople data with relevant information.', 'duration': 27.644, 'max_score': 2820.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2820016.jpg'}, {'end': 2890.8, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2864.549, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2870.134, 'text': 'So we just execute that part, run it, and there is all of our salespeople information.', 'start': 2864.549, 'duration': 5.585}, {'end': 2876.5, 'text': "Okay, so we're getting a lot of information in here that we will then start running a bazillion queries on.", 'start': 2871.035, 'duration': 5.465}, {'end': 2882.645, 'text': "But what we'd like to do now is we'd like to insert some information into our items table.", 'start': 2876.94, 'duration': 5.705}, {'end': 2885.437, 'text': 'So where is our items table? Here it is.', 'start': 2883.075, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 2887.378, 'text': "Let's look at what we got inside of here.", 'start': 2885.497, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2888.699, 'text': "Let's look at our columns.", 'start': 2887.438, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 2890.8, 'text': 'Okay, so we have our product ID.', 'start': 2889.279, 'duration': 1.521}], 'summary': 'Executing code retrieves salespeople information for further analysis.', 'duration': 26.251, 'max_score': 2864.549, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2864549.jpg'}, {'end': 3134.263, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3104.323, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3110.384, 'text': 'we have a lot of our tables populated, However we do not have anything in sales item, do we?', 'start': 3104.323, 'duration': 6.061}, {'end': 3117.388, 'text': "So let's go select everything from sales item like that.", 'start': 3110.704, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 3118.288, 'text': 'Run it.', 'start': 3117.928, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 3122.15, 'text': 'And successfully run, but there is zero rows affected.', 'start': 3119.549, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 3122.871, 'text': "There's nothing.", 'start': 3122.17, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 3127.633, 'text': "Okay So we're going to have to put some information in regards to our sales items.", 'start': 3123.031, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 3134.263, 'text': "So what type of information do we have in our sales items? Let's get rid of this and let's get rid of that.", 'start': 3128.073, 'duration': 6.19}], 'summary': 'Zero rows affected in sales item table, need to populate information.', 'duration': 29.94, 'max_score': 3104.323, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY3104323.jpg'}, {'end': 3272.361, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3251.799, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3261.745, 'text': 'And you can also do multi-line comments by moving forward slash and multi-line comments like this.', 'start': 3251.799, 'duration': 9.946}, {'end': 3263.286, 'text': 'Okay, there you go.', 'start': 3262.205, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 3264.587, 'text': 'So I got that covered.', 'start': 3263.706, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 3269.98, 'text': "Well, you're going to have some different conditional operators you need to be aware of.", 'start': 3265.117, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 3271.301, 'text': "So let's come down inside here.", 'start': 3270, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3272.361, 'text': 'And here they are.', 'start': 3271.741, 'duration': 0.62}], 'summary': 'Covered multi-line comments and conditional operators.', 'duration': 20.562, 'max_score': 3251.799, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY3251799.jpg'}], 'start': 2381.932, 'title': 'Database table operations', 'summary': 'Covers inserting product and product type data, modifying a database table, entering and verifying customer and salesperson information, populating tables with data, and using sql queries, including specific examples and data integrity considerations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2623.056, 'start': 2381.932, 'title': 'Adding product and product type data', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to insert data into the product type table for different product types, such as business and athletic, and how to insert multiple rows of product information into the product table, ensuring the correct order of values and showcasing the auto-creation of ids.', 'duration': 241.124, 'highlights': ['Demonstrating insertion of data into product type table for different product types The speaker explains the process of inserting product types, such as business and athletic, into the product type table, ensuring the correct syntax and order of values.', 'Inserting multiple rows of product information into the product table The speaker demonstrates the insertion of multiple rows of product information into the product table, highlighting the importance of maintaining the correct order of values and showcasing the auto-creation of IDs.', 'Verification of successfully entered information The speaker verifies the successful entry of product information by executing a query to display all the entered data, including shoe names, suppliers, and descriptions, and highlights the auto-creation of IDs for the information.']}, {'end': 2748.555, 'start': 2623.416, 'title': 'Database table modification', 'summary': 'Discusses modifying a database table by changing a column data type from small int to integer due to its limitation in accommodating us zip codes, and then entering customer information into the table.', 'duration': 125.139, 'highlights': ["The US zip code data type issue is addressed by altering the table's column type from small int to integer, which has a higher maximum value, specifically 32767 to accommodate US zip codes.", "The process of altering the table involves running an 'alter table' command to change the zip column's data type from small int to integer, resulting in successful modification.", 'The customer information includes various data such as first name, last name, email, company, address, city, state, zip, phone number, birth date, and sex date entered, with the use of a real date instead of the current timestamp.']}, {'end': 3079.098, 'start': 2749.095, 'title': 'Database data entry and verification', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of entering and verifying customer, salesperson, and item information into the database, including fixing errors in data types and ensuring data integrity, and finally, the importance of adjusting data types to accommodate large numbers in sales orders.', 'duration': 330.003, 'highlights': ['Entering and verifying customer, salesperson, and item information The process involves entering and verifying customer, salesperson, and item information into the database, ensuring successful data entry and verification.', 'Fixing errors in data types Identifying and fixing errors in data types, such as changing the zip code from small int to integer, to ensure accurate data representation.', 'Adjusting data types to accommodate large numbers in sales orders Recognizing the need to change the purchase order number data type to big int to accommodate a large number of orders, ensuring data integrity and accuracy.']}, {'end': 3343.252, 'start': 3079.588, 'title': 'Populating tables and using sql queries', 'summary': 'Discusses populating tables with data, emphasizing on sales order and sales item, and introduces using sql queries including select, where, and conditional operators, with an example of filtering sales items with a discount greater than 15%.', 'duration': 263.664, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers populating tables with data, focusing on sales order and sales item, and introduces using SQL queries including select, where, and conditional operators. Emphasizes the importance of populating tables with data and introduces the use of SQL queries such as select, where, and conditional operators.', "An example of filtering sales items with a discount greater than 15% is provided using the SQL query 'select everything from sales item where discount > 0.15'. Provides an example of using a SQL query to filter sales items with a discount greater than 15%, demonstrating practical application of the discussed concepts.", 'The instructor demonstrates the use of comments in pgAdmin, including single-line and multi-line comments. Demonstrates the use of comments in pgAdmin, showcasing both single-line and multi-line comment syntax for instructional purposes.']}], 'duration': 961.32, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY2381932.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrating insertion of data into product type table for different product types', 'Inserting multiple rows of product information into the product table', 'Verification of successfully entered information', "The process of altering the table involves running an 'alter table' command to change the zip column's data type from small int to integer", 'Entering and verifying customer, salesperson, and item information', 'Adjusting data types to accommodate large numbers in sales orders', 'The chapter covers populating tables with data, focusing on sales order and sales item, and introduces using SQL queries including select, where, and conditional operators', "An example of filtering sales items with a discount greater than 15% is provided using the SQL query 'select everything from sales item where discount > 0.15'", 'The instructor demonstrates the use of comments in pgAdmin, including single-line and multi-line comments']}, {'end': 4394.496, 'segs': [{'end': 3393.029, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3360.062, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3368.913, 'text': "So in this situation, let's say that we would like to go and find all order dates for all orders in December of twenty eighteen.", 'start': 3360.062, 'duration': 8.851}, {'end': 3370.651, 'text': 'Well, we can do that.', 'start': 3369.67, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3379.778, 'text': "So we'll say select and everything from, and let's get information from sales item this time.", 'start': 3370.671, 'duration': 9.107}, {'end': 3386.103, 'text': "And our condition is gonna be where, well, let's just change that.", 'start': 3380.219, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 3393.029, 'text': "Let's say we wanna get everything from just when our sales item was taken.", 'start': 3386.404, 'duration': 6.625}], 'summary': 'Retrieving all order dates for december 2018 from sales item.', 'duration': 32.967, 'max_score': 3360.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY3360062.jpg'}, {'end': 3490.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3462.09, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3466.533, 'text': 'And where is sales order? Sales orders over here and columns.', 'start': 3462.09, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 3472.976, 'text': "And let's say we wanted to get that and we also wanted to get our customer ID.", 'start': 3467.233, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 3474.157, 'text': 'We could get that as well.', 'start': 3473.236, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 3475.797, 'text': 'And now you get your customer ID.', 'start': 3474.577, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 3481.719, 'text': 'So you can, of course, pull multiple different pieces of data, both from the sales order table.', 'start': 3475.857, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 3490.321, 'text': "And I'm going to show you here soon exactly how you can go and get multiple different pieces of data from multiple different tables.", 'start': 3482.159, 'duration': 8.162}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating retrieval of sales order and customer id data from multiple tables.', 'duration': 28.231, 'max_score': 3462.09, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY3462090.jpg'}, {'end': 4123.877, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4091.606, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4093.968, 'text': "And let's also go and stack this.", 'start': 4091.606, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 4099.651, 'text': "So let's say we want to go and get, let's do an and on this.", 'start': 4094.508, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 4103.374, 'text': "We'll say and, or maybe it makes more sense to put it up here.", 'start': 4099.711, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 4105.651, 'text': "I don't like to keep these lines too long.", 'start': 4104.109, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 4114.654, 'text': 'We can stack these and say something like price is greater than 120 or something like that along those lines.', 'start': 4106.051, 'duration': 8.603}, {'end': 4117.555, 'text': 'And there you can see we got that additional information.', 'start': 4115.135, 'duration': 2.42}, {'end': 4123.877, 'text': "Now what I'd like to do is take it up another notch and I want to join three tables.", 'start': 4118.216, 'duration': 5.661}], 'summary': 'Stacking and joining tables, with a condition price > 120.', 'duration': 32.271, 'max_score': 4091.606, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4091606.jpg'}, {'end': 4376.685, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4344.801, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4355.649, 'text': "So I'll say on item dot ID equal to, and I'll say sales item and item ID.", 'start': 4344.801, 'duration': 10.848}, {'end': 4359.692, 'text': "And that's why it's good to keep your names logical as well.", 'start': 4356.209, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 4368.519, 'text': 'And then what I want to do is I want to say order by, and this is going to be the salesorder.id.', 'start': 4360.373, 'duration': 8.146}, {'end': 4373.803, 'text': 'And if we are on that, boom, you can see that everything comes up.', 'start': 4369.44, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 4376.685, 'text': "So let's just bring this up here so you can see it a little bit better.", 'start': 4374.243, 'duration': 2.442}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating sorting and filtering sales items by item id and sales order id.', 'duration': 31.884, 'max_score': 4344.801, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4344801.jpg'}], 'start': 3343.352, 'title': 'Sql fundamentals and join operations', 'summary': 'Covers sql basics such as logical operators, selecting data based on conditions, ordering and limiting results, and using functions like concat, providing practical examples and sql syntax. it also covers data manipulation and joins in sql, including renaming columns, performing calculations with functions, using distinct to eliminate duplicates, and utilizing inner joins to retrieve data from multiple tables. additionally, it covers joining tables in sql using primary and foreign keys, performing equal joins, and demonstrating a multi-table join to extract sales order ids, quantities, and total sales, with an example of multiplying quantity by price to get the total.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3671.62, 'start': 3343.352, 'title': 'Sql query basics', 'summary': 'Covers sql basics such as logical operators, selecting data based on conditions, ordering and limiting results, and using functions like concat, providing practical examples and sql syntax.', 'duration': 328.268, 'highlights': ['Using logical operators like and, or, and not allows stacking conditional statements to filter data more precisely. Logical operators (and, or, not) allow for more precise filtering of data based on multiple conditions.', "Selecting data based on specific conditions, such as retrieving all order dates for orders in December 2018, is achieved using the 'select' statement with the 'where' clause. Retrieving specific data based on conditions using 'select' statement with 'where' clause, e.g., retrieving all order dates for orders in December 2018.", "Ordering and limiting results is facilitated by the 'order by' and 'limit' clauses, allowing for sorting and restricting the number of returned rows. Using 'order by' and 'limit' to sort and restrict the number of returned rows in SQL queries.", 'Utilizing functions like concat to combine data fields, and the use of aliases for easier referencing, provides flexibility in data retrieval. Using functions like concat to combine data fields and aliases for easier referencing, providing flexibility in data retrieval.']}, {'end': 4060.482, 'start': 3672.48, 'title': 'Sql data manipulation and joins', 'summary': 'Covers data manipulation and joins in sql, including renaming columns, performing calculations with functions, using distinct to eliminate duplicates, and utilizing inner joins to retrieve data from multiple tables.', 'duration': 388.002, 'highlights': ['Performing calculations with functions The chapter demonstrates using SQL functions like sum to calculate the total value of specific inventory items, such as obtaining the total value of business shoes in the inventory.', 'Using distinct to eliminate duplicates The usage of distinct in SQL to obtain a list of unique states with customers and to exclude specific states like California from the result set.', "Utilizing inner joins to retrieve data from multiple tables An explanation of how inner joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables by defining join conditions, demonstrated by joining the 'item' and 'sales item' tables to list ordered items and their prices."]}, {'end': 4394.496, 'start': 4061.604, 'title': 'Joining tables and multi-table joins', 'summary': 'Covers joining tables in sql using primary and foreign keys, performing equal joins, and demonstrating a multi-table join to extract sales order ids, quantities, and total sales, with an example of multiplying quantity by price to get the total.', 'duration': 332.892, 'highlights': ['Performing multi-table joins to extract sales order IDs, quantities, and total sales, and demonstrating an example of multiplying quantity by price to get the total.', 'Explaining the process of joining tables using primary and foreign keys, and performing equal joins while checking for equality between common columns.', 'Demonstrating an example of joining tables to extract item ID and price using primary and foreign keys in an equal join.']}], 'duration': 1051.144, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY3343352.jpg', 'highlights': ['Logical operators (and, or, not) allow for more precise filtering of data based on multiple conditions.', "Retrieving specific data based on conditions using 'select' statement with 'where' clause, e.g., retrieving all order dates for orders in December 2018.", "Using 'order by' and 'limit' to sort and restrict the number of returned rows in SQL queries.", 'Using functions like concat to combine data fields and aliases for easier referencing, providing flexibility in data retrieval.', 'The chapter demonstrates using SQL functions like sum to calculate the total value of specific inventory items, such as obtaining the total value of business shoes in the inventory.', 'The usage of distinct in SQL to obtain a list of unique states with customers and to exclude specific states like California from the result set.', "An explanation of how inner joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables by defining join conditions, demonstrated by joining the 'item' and 'sales item' tables to list ordered items and their prices.", 'Performing multi-table joins to extract sales order IDs, quantities, and total sales, and demonstrating an example of multiplying quantity by price to get the total.', 'Explaining the process of joining tables using primary and foreign keys, and performing equal joins while checking for equality between common columns.', 'Demonstrating an example of joining tables to extract item ID and price using primary and foreign keys in an equal join.']}, {'end': 5647.958, 'segs': [{'end': 4450.648, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4420.362, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4422.042, 'text': 'Those are pretty straightforward.', 'start': 4420.362, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 4428.744, 'text': 'OK So what do I want to do now? Well, you can also define the join conditions using WHERE.', 'start': 4422.682, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 4435.245, 'text': "But this isn't necessarily considered best practice, but I'll cover it anyway, just so that you know if you ever see it.", 'start': 4429.264, 'duration': 5.981}, {'end': 4442.047, 'text': "OK, so let's go and do something like item ID and price.", 'start': 4435.905, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 4450.648, 'text': "And we're going to be pulling that from item and sales item.", 'start': 4443.027, 'duration': 7.621}], 'summary': 'Exploring alternative join conditions using where in sql.', 'duration': 30.286, 'max_score': 4420.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4420362.jpg'}, {'end': 4514.983, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4487.617, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4498.486, 'text': 'Okay So another way of using where, but like I said, not necessarily the greatest of ideas to do this, but it can be done now, another type of join.', 'start': 4487.617, 'duration': 10.869}, {'end': 4506.941, 'text': 'is what is called an outer join, and outer joins are going to return all of the rows from one of the tables being joined,', 'start': 4499.159, 'duration': 7.782}, {'end': 4512.623, 'text': "even if no matches are found, and so let's go and create them.", 'start': 4506.941, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 4514.983, 'text': "well, basically, let's talk about something else.", 'start': 4512.623, 'duration': 2.36}], 'summary': 'Outer join returns all rows from one table, even if no matches found.', 'duration': 27.366, 'max_score': 4487.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4487617.jpg'}, {'end': 4601.294, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4567.08, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4570.582, 'text': "So I'm going to do this product ID is the name of that.", 'start': 4567.08, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 4575.565, 'text': 'And then the other one is the product table with its ID.', 'start': 4571.083, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 4581.649, 'text': 'And I like to do I always have my primary keys with the same name ID just because it makes it very easy.', 'start': 4575.825, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 4582.209, 'text': 'I see this.', 'start': 4581.709, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 4583.37, 'text': 'I know this is the primary key.', 'start': 4582.249, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 4586.199, 'text': 'And I know that this is my foreign key.', 'start': 4583.837, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 4590.964, 'text': 'And then guess what? This product ID looks almost exactly as that.', 'start': 4586.219, 'duration': 4.745}, {'end': 4592.165, 'text': "And it's very understandable.", 'start': 4591.084, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 4593.406, 'text': "I can see exactly what's going on.", 'start': 4592.185, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 4601.294, 'text': "And let's just say we want to do something like order by and name and run it and pull this up.", 'start': 4594.047, 'duration': 7.247}], 'summary': 'The speaker discusses using consistent naming conventions for primary and foreign keys, making it easy to understand and work with the data.', 'duration': 34.214, 'max_score': 4567.08, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4567080.jpg'}, {'end': 4951.534, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4921.345, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4929.371, 'text': 'Another thing we got is we can work with regular expressions to search for simple string matches or really complicated string.', 'start': 4921.345, 'duration': 8.026}, {'end': 4934.271, 'text': "So let's say that we wanted to match any customer whose name begins with an M.", 'start': 4930.31, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 4951.534, 'text': 'How could we do that? Well, we could go select and first name and last name and from our customer table where the first name is.', 'start': 4934.271, 'duration': 17.263}], 'summary': 'Using regular expressions to match customer names beginning with m.', 'duration': 30.189, 'max_score': 4921.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4921345.jpg'}, {'end': 5533.116, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5501.912, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5508.376, 'text': "And then we're going to also come in and say having a count that is.", 'start': 5501.912, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 5511.229, 'text': 'Greater than one.', 'start': 5509.847, 'duration': 1.382}, {'end': 5515.435, 'text': "So we're only going to get people that have at least more than one person.", 'start': 5511.65, 'duration': 3.785}, {'end': 5518.179, 'text': "And there you can say that's exactly what we got.", 'start': 5515.816, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 5518.76, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 5518.199, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 5519.642, 'text': 'Good stuff.', 'start': 5519.141, 'duration': 0.501}, {'end': 5523.988, 'text': 'Another thing is we have a lot of aggregate functions.', 'start': 5521.384, 'duration': 2.604}, {'end': 5525.29, 'text': "We've covered them already.", 'start': 5524.028, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 5533.116, 'text': 'And basically an aggregate function is just going to return a single value from multiple different parameters.', 'start': 5525.954, 'duration': 7.162}], 'summary': 'Using count to filter out entries with at least one person. aggregate functions return single value from multiple parameters.', 'duration': 31.204, 'max_score': 5501.912, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY5501912.jpg'}, {'end': 5648.679, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5621.488, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5624.53, 'text': "And let's say we want to get the minimum price.", 'start': 5621.488, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 5625.951, 'text': 'Do that.', 'start': 5624.55, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 5629.734, 'text': "And we'll go as and make this minimum.", 'start': 5626.852, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 5633.777, 'text': 'And then we can also get our maximum price.', 'start': 5630.235, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 5635.459, 'text': "So we'll do price.", 'start': 5634.358, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 5639.161, 'text': 'And again, and then this will be labeled as max.', 'start': 5636.139, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 5641.763, 'text': "And we're going to get all those from the items table.", 'start': 5639.642, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 5642.704, 'text': "So let's run it.", 'start': 5642.204, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 5643.785, 'text': 'And there you can see.', 'start': 5643.084, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 5647.958, 'text': 'We have 50 total items and the sum for all of them is $7,231.', 'start': 5644.175, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 5648.679, 'text': 'The average price is $144.63.', 'start': 5647.958, 'duration': 0.721}], 'summary': 'Obtained data from items table: 50 total items, $7,231 sum, $144.63 average price', 'duration': 27.191, 'max_score': 5621.488, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY5621488.jpg'}], 'start': 4394.516, 'title': 'Sql operations and functions', 'summary': 'Covers arithmetic operators, join conditions, sql joins, unions, regular expressions, group by, and aggregate functions, with tips on best practices and common usage, providing examples and explanations for each operation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4450.648, 'start': 4394.516, 'title': 'Arithmetic operators and join conditions', 'summary': "Covers arithmetic operators including addition, subtraction, division, integer division, and modulus, as well as defining join conditions using where, emphasizing that it's important to understand and straightforward, despite not being considered best practice.", 'duration': 56.132, 'highlights': ['Arithmetic operators cover addition, subtraction, division, and modulus, providing a comprehensive understanding of basic mathematical operations.', 'Join conditions using WHERE are discussed, highlighting the importance of understanding despite not being best practice.']}, {'end': 4832.798, 'start': 4451.509, 'title': 'Sql joins and unions', 'summary': 'Covers sql joins, including inner joins, left outer joins, and cross joins, with tips on best practices and common usage, as well as unions, with examples and advice on when to use them.', 'duration': 381.289, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the different types of SQL joins, including inner joins, left outer joins, and cross joins, with practical examples and explanations on when to use each type.', 'It provides insights on best practices, such as avoiding right joins and using foreign keys for joining tables, to improve query efficiency.', 'Additionally, the chapter discusses unions and their usage, emphasizing the importance of having the same number of columns and data types in each result set.']}, {'end': 5368.282, 'start': 4833.319, 'title': 'Sql regular expressions and group by', 'summary': 'Covers using sql to perform operations such as ordering by birth date, checking for null values, and using regular expressions for string matching, with examples and explanations of each operation.', 'duration': 534.963, 'highlights': ['Using SQL to order by birth date Demonstrated how to use SQL to order results by birth date, showcasing the ability to retrieve pertinent information for employees born in a specific month.', "Checking for null values using SQL Explained the use of 'is null' to search for potential problems such as null results where they should not exist, illustrated with an example of searching for items with null prices.", 'Using regular expressions for string matching in SQL Provided examples of using regular expressions to search for specific patterns in string data, such as matching names beginning with a certain letter and ending with specific character sequences.', "Demonstrating the usage of group by in SQL Mentioned the introduction of the concept of 'group by' in SQL, without providing detailed examples or explanations."]}, {'end': 5647.958, 'start': 5368.792, 'title': 'Group by and aggregate functions', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of group by and aggregate functions like count, sum, average, minimum, and maximum to group and analyze data, such as finding the number of customers with birthdays in certain months and calculating the total sum, average, minimum, and maximum prices of items.', 'duration': 279.166, 'highlights': ['Group By usage to find the number of customers with birthdays in certain months Using the extract function and count, the chapter demonstrates using Group By to find the number of customers with birthdays in certain months, providing insight into customer trends.', 'Usage of having to narrow results based on a condition The chapter explains the usage of the having clause to filter results based on a condition, such as finding months with more than one person having a birthday, offering a way to focus on specific data points.', 'Explanation of various aggregate functions including sum, average, minimum, and maximum The chapter details the usage of various aggregate functions like sum, average, minimum, and maximum to analyze data, providing a comprehensive understanding of how to derive insights from different parameters.']}], 'duration': 1253.442, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY4394516.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter details the usage of various aggregate functions like sum, average, minimum, and maximum to analyze data, providing a comprehensive understanding of how to derive insights from different parameters.', 'Using the extract function and count, the chapter demonstrates using Group By to find the number of customers with birthdays in certain months, providing insight into customer trends.', 'Provided examples of using regular expressions to search for specific patterns in string data, such as matching names beginning with a certain letter and ending with specific character sequences.', 'The chapter covers the different types of SQL joins, including inner joins, left outer joins, and cross joins, with practical examples and explanations on when to use each type.', 'Arithmetic operators cover addition, subtraction, division, and modulus, providing a comprehensive understanding of basic mathematical operations.', 'The chapter explains the usage of the having clause to filter results based on a condition, such as finding months with more than one person having a birthday, offering a way to focus on specific data points.', 'Using SQL to order by birth date Demonstrated how to use SQL to order results by birth date, showcasing the ability to retrieve pertinent information for employees born in a specific month.', 'Join conditions using WHERE are discussed, highlighting the importance of understanding despite not being best practice.', 'Additionally, the chapter discusses unions and their usage, emphasizing the importance of having the same number of columns and data types in each result set.', "Checking for null values using SQL Explained the use of 'is null' to search for potential problems such as null results where they should not exist, illustrated with an example of searching for items with null prices."]}, {'end': 7542.411, 'segs': [{'end': 5789.491, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5753.724, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 5758.488, 'text': "But I don't really have screen real estate to show it to you at the same time as I'm doing all this other stuff.", 'start': 5753.724, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 5760.07, 'text': "So I'm going to say product.", 'start': 5759.009, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 5761.585, 'text': 'Especially with this one.', 'start': 5760.725, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 5763.006, 'text': 'Product name I want.', 'start': 5761.646, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 5768.169, 'text': 'I want to go and get the items price.', 'start': 5763.627, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 5773.673, 'text': 'Remember I have the price information separate from the product.', 'start': 5768.189, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 5776.074, 'text': "Anything else I'd want.", 'start': 5774.973, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 5778.408, 'text': "Yeah, let's go into a total.", 'start': 5777.027, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5789.491, 'text': "one thing to know, though, is you can't use total if you want this to be Updated as the data changes, but I'll show you a fix for that down below.", 'start': 5778.408, 'duration': 11.083}], 'summary': 'Discussing product details and pricing, with a workaround for real-time updates.', 'duration': 35.767, 'max_score': 5753.724, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY5753724.jpg'}, {'end': 5982.21, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5953.827, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5956.889, 'text': 'and I like to use the same format over and over again.', 'start': 5953.827, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 5964.674, 'text': 'So if I am joining item ID to sales item, well, I know I just put dot and item ID after it.', 'start': 5956.949, 'duration': 7.725}, {'end': 5966.396, 'text': 'I think that is so much easier.', 'start': 5964.694, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 5977.063, 'text': 'So if I want to join sales order to the sales item, well, I just go and have my sales ID for the sales order table and it automatically matches.', 'start': 5966.756, 'duration': 10.307}, {'end': 5979.345, 'text': 'See, everything just goes together really well.', 'start': 5977.123, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 5982.21, 'text': "Let's go and get that.", 'start': 5980.849, 'duration': 1.361}], 'summary': 'Efficiently uses consistent format for joining tables, simplifying data matching process.', 'duration': 28.383, 'max_score': 5953.827, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY5953827.jpg'}, {'end': 6601.9, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6553.465, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6558.285, 'text': 'So what we can do is we can actually replace those With dollar signs.', 'start': 6553.465, 'duration': 4.82}, {'end': 6560.886, 'text': 'And I always like to put body inside of here.', 'start': 6558.445, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 6561.886, 'text': "So let's get rid of that.", 'start': 6560.926, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 6569.649, 'text': "And let's get rid of this and put body inside of there like that, because you can have some different problems.", 'start': 6562.567, 'duration': 7.082}, {'end': 6572.249, 'text': 'This is a basic dollar dollar quote.', 'start': 6570.129, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 6573.71, 'text': "OK, I don't want that.", 'start': 6572.409, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 6578.191, 'text': "You can use it, but there are circumstances in which that's not a good thing.", 'start': 6574.57, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 6588.115, 'text': 'So what I want to do here now is I want to go and just add in these values again just to demonstrate that, yes, indeed, you can do this.', 'start': 6579.212, 'duration': 8.903}, {'end': 6590.716, 'text': "So I'll just leave this the way that it is.", 'start': 6588.635, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 6591.997, 'text': 'And we can come in.', 'start': 6591.196, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 6597.318, 'text': "And because we have create or replace function, it's going to go and get rid of what we had before.", 'start': 6592.217, 'duration': 5.101}, {'end': 6599.259, 'text': "So let's just go and run that.", 'start': 6597.338, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 6601.9, 'text': "And let's go and select this and run it.", 'start': 6599.619, 'duration': 2.281}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of dollar signs in code to replace and add values.', 'duration': 48.435, 'max_score': 6553.465, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY6553465.jpg'}, {'end': 6764.118, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6731.735, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6733.436, 'text': 'but this is perfectly fine.', 'start': 6731.735, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 6739.358, 'text': "so i'm going to come in here like this and i'm going to show you how to drop all these functions as well here in a little bit.", 'start': 6733.436, 'duration': 5.922}, {'end': 6745.248, 'text': "so let's throw this inside of there, paste that inside of there, and this does not receive Any parameters.", 'start': 6739.358, 'duration': 5.89}, {'end': 6748.269, 'text': "let's go over here, select that and run it.", 'start': 6745.248, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 6753.052, 'text': "And you're going to see that null comes back because there is no return.", 'start': 6748.669, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 6753.652, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 6753.072, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 6755.533, 'text': "Let's do some more stuff.", 'start': 6754.373, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 6759.976, 'text': "Okay So let's say that we wanted to get the maximum product price.", 'start': 6755.973, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 6764.118, 'text': "So again, we're going to just change some information up here.", 'start': 6760.556, 'duration': 3.562}], 'summary': 'Demonstration on dropping functions and retrieving maximum product price.', 'duration': 32.383, 'max_score': 6731.735, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY6731735.jpg'}, {'end': 7018.513, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6975.717, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6981.999, 'text': "So let's say I want to get the number of customers from Texas and using a name parameter.", 'start': 6975.717, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 6985.24, 'text': 'And that name parameter is going to be Texas.', 'start': 6982.499, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 6988.861, 'text': 'So this is going to actually get the number of customers from any state.', 'start': 6985.74, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 6991.582, 'text': "I'm just going to say that I just am interested in Texas.", 'start': 6988.941, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 6998.244, 'text': "So I'll get get number customers from Texas.", 'start': 6991.602, 'duration': 6.642}, {'end': 7001.204, 'text': "state Okay, so it's going to get anything.", 'start': 6999.063, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 7005.286, 'text': "But inside of the parameter section, I'm going to put state.", 'start': 7001.725, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 7012.03, 'text': "And I'm going to say, well, let's make it state name, because I'm obviously going to be getting the state from the database.", 'start': 7005.787, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 7013.19, 'text': 'And that would cause confusion.', 'start': 7012.07, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 7016.012, 'text': "And I know that it's two characters, I'm going to throw that in there.", 'start': 7013.37, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 7018.513, 'text': "And what's it going to do, it's going to return a numeric.", 'start': 7016.592, 'duration': 1.921}], 'summary': 'Retrieve number of texas customers using state name parameter, returning numeric.', 'duration': 42.796, 'max_score': 6975.717, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY6975717.jpg'}], 'start': 5647.958, 'title': 'Creating sql functions and statements', 'summary': 'Covers creating complex views and sql functions, demonstrating the use of joins and select statements, providing insights on the usage and limitations of views, with an average price of $144.63, a minimum item value of $86, and a maximum item value of $199. it also includes practical examples of creating functions using sql statements and pgsql, and demonstrates the process of creating sql functions for data retrieval.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6255.03, 'start': 5647.958, 'title': 'Creating a purchase order overview view', 'summary': 'Covers the creation of a complex view containing main purchase order information, demonstrating the use of joins and select statements, providing insights on the usage and limitations of views, and the ability to store and update data, with an average price of $144.63, a minimum item value of $86, and a maximum item value of $199.', 'duration': 607.072, 'highlights': ['The average price is $144.63, with a minimum value for an item at $86 and a maximum at $199. The transcript mentions the average price of $144.63, with a specific minimum item value of $86 and a maximum item value of $199.', "Creation of a view containing main purchase order information, involving complex select statements and joins. The transcript explains the creation of a view named 'purchase order overview' containing main purchase order information, using complex select statements and joins.", 'Insights on usage and limitations of views, including ability to store and update data, and restrictions on usage of distinct, union, aggregate functions, group by, and having. The chapter provides insights on the usage and limitations of views, including their ability to store and update data, and the restrictions on using distinct, union, aggregate functions, group by, and having.']}, {'end': 6504.526, 'start': 6255.03, 'title': 'Creating sql functions overview', 'summary': 'Covers the overview of creating sql functions, including the process of creating functions using sql statements and pgsql, with a practical example of creating a function to add two integers and returning the result, demonstrating the use of dollar quotes and select statement.', 'duration': 249.496, 'highlights': ["It's going to be built around actually creating functions, and there's going to be different ways of creating functions. Emphasizes the focus of the chapter on creating functions and the availability of different methods for creating them.", "First, I'm going to talk about creating functions using SQL statements. And then I'm going to go and cover PGSQL, which is very highly influenced by Oracle systems. Explains the sequential approach of covering SQL statements and PGSQL, highlighting the influence of PGSQL by Oracle systems.", "Create or replace function, whatever your function name is, returns. And if it's void, that means that it's returning nothing. Details the structure of creating a function, including the 'create or replace function' syntax and the concept of returning 'void' for functions that do not return any value.", "I want to create a function here that is going to receive two values and it's going to return an integer and it's just going to add some values together. Illustrates the intention to create a function that receives two values, returns an integer, and performs addition, providing insight into the practical application of creating a function.", "What's it going to return? It's going to return an integer. Reiterates the expected return type of the function, emphasizing the importance of defining the return type."]}, {'end': 6731.735, 'start': 6504.626, 'title': 'Sql functions and statements', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of creating and utilizing sql functions, including adding integers, using dollar quotes for single quotes, and creating functions that return void and perform sql queries.', 'duration': 227.109, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of creating and utilizing SQL functions, including adding integers, using dollar quotes for single quotes, and creating functions that return void and perform SQL queries.', 'Demonstrates using dollar quotes to handle single quotes inside SQL statements, which can be useful for avoiding syntax errors and ensuring proper execution of SQL queries.', "Illustrates creating a function that returns void and performs an action in SQL, such as updating a salesperson's state to Pennsylvania if it is null, providing practical examples of using SQL functions for data manipulation.", 'Provides step-by-step demonstration of creating and running SQL functions, ensuring understanding of the process and enabling practical application in database management.']}, {'end': 7133.401, 'start': 6731.735, 'title': 'Creating useful functions in sql', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to create various functions in sql to perform tasks such as getting maximum product price, calculating inventory value, counting customers, and filtering data based on specific criteria, with examples and results provided.', 'duration': 401.666, 'highlights': ['Creating a function to get the total number of customers The chapter explains how to use the count function in SQL to calculate the total number of customers, with an example showing the result of 20 customers.', 'Creating a function to get the number of customers without a phone number The chapter demonstrates using a where clause in SQL to count the number of customers with null phone numbers, showing an example of all customers having telephone numbers.', 'Creating a function to get the number of customers from a specific state The chapter illustrates how to create a function with a parameter to count the number of customers from a specific state, with an example of 11 customers from Texas.', 'Creating a function to get the total number of orders using a customer name The chapter provides an example of using SQL to count the total number of orders by joining the sales order and customer tables based on specific customer names.']}, {'end': 7542.411, 'start': 7134.381, 'title': 'Creating sql functions for data retrieval', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the process of creating sql functions for data retrieval, including extracting specific information, retrieving multiple rows, and organizing the output in a table format.', 'duration': 408.03, 'highlights': ["Creating a function to retrieve specific customer orders The speaker demonstrates creating a function to retrieve the number of orders from a specific customer by defining a function 'get number of orders from a specific customer' with variable parameters for customer first name and last name.", "Retrieving the latest sales order The process of creating a function to retrieve the latest sales order is illustrated, including specifying the return value as 'sales order', ordering by 'time order taken' in descending order, and limiting the result to one row.", "Creating a function to retrieve multiple rows based on location The creation of a function to retrieve multiple rows from the 'salesperson' table based on a specific location, using 'set of' to indicate multiple rows, and organizing the output in a table format is explained."]}], 'duration': 1894.453, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY5647958.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of creating and utilizing SQL functions, including adding integers, using dollar quotes for single quotes, and creating functions that return void and perform SQL queries.', 'Demonstrates using dollar quotes to handle single quotes inside SQL statements, which can be useful for avoiding syntax errors and ensuring proper execution of SQL queries.', "Illustrates creating a function that returns void and performs an action in SQL, such as updating a salesperson's state to Pennsylvania if it is null, providing practical examples of using SQL functions for data manipulation.", 'Provides step-by-step demonstration of creating and running SQL functions, ensuring understanding of the process and enabling practical application in database management.', "Creation of a view containing main purchase order information, involving complex select statements and joins. The transcript explains the creation of a view named 'purchase order overview' containing main purchase order information, using complex select statements and joins.", 'Insights on usage and limitations of views, including ability to store and update data, and restrictions on usage of distinct, union, aggregate functions, group by, and having. The chapter provides insights on the usage and limitations of views, including their ability to store and update data, and the restrictions on using distinct, union, aggregate functions, group by, and having.', 'The average price is $144.63, with a minimum value for an item at $86 and a maximum at $199. The transcript mentions the average price of $144.63, with a specific minimum item value of $86 and a maximum item value of $199.', 'Emphasizes the focus of the chapter on creating functions and the availability of different methods for creating them.', 'Explains the sequential approach of covering SQL statements and PGSQL, highlighting the influence of PGSQL by Oracle systems.', "Details the structure of creating a function, including the 'create or replace function' syntax and the concept of returning 'void' for functions that do not return any value.", 'Illustrates the intention to create a function that receives two values, returns an integer, and performs addition, providing insight into the practical application of creating a function.', 'Reiterates the expected return type of the function, emphasizing the importance of defining the return type.', 'The chapter explains how to use the count function in SQL to calculate the total number of customers, with an example showing the result of 20 customers.', 'The chapter demonstrates using a where clause in SQL to count the number of customers with null phone numbers, showing an example of all customers having telephone numbers.', 'The chapter illustrates how to create a function with a parameter to count the number of customers from a specific state, with an example of 11 customers from Texas.', 'The chapter provides an example of using SQL to count the total number of orders by joining the sales order and customer tables based on specific customer names.', "The speaker demonstrates creating a function to retrieve the number of orders from a specific customer by defining a function 'get number of orders from a specific customer' with variable parameters for customer first name and last name.", "The process of creating a function to retrieve the latest sales order is illustrated, including specifying the return value as 'sales order', ordering by 'time order taken' in descending order, and limiting the result to one row.", "The creation of a function to retrieve multiple rows from the 'salesperson' table based on a specific location, using 'set of' to indicate multiple rows, and organizing the output in a table format is explained."]}, {'end': 8320.787, 'segs': [{'end': 7590.587, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7563.568, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7569.65, 'text': 'Oh, what else would I like to do here? Oh, well, I said that I could use these functions in queries, so maybe I should demonstrate that.', 'start': 7563.568, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 7575.664, 'text': 'So what I want to do here is I want to get the names and the phone number from this function.', 'start': 7570.103, 'duration': 5.561}, {'end': 7578.005, 'text': "I'm only interested in the name and the phone number.", 'start': 7575.744, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 7578.885, 'text': "I don't want anything else.", 'start': 7578.025, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 7590.587, 'text': 'So I can do select like this and I can say first name and last name and phone.', 'start': 7579.325, 'duration': 11.262}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating use of functions in queries to retrieve names and phone numbers.', 'duration': 27.019, 'max_score': 7563.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY7563568.jpg'}, {'end': 7688.111, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7664.073, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7677.936, 'text': "and then we're going to have begin with all of our statements inside of here and and then we're going to have the end of these dollar tags and then we're going to now define our language as plpq sql.", 'start': 7664.073, 'duration': 13.863}, {'end': 7682.317, 'text': "so let's start off by doing a real world type of example here.", 'start': 7677.936, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 7688.111, 'text': "let's just get rid of this part here And let's say I want to get my product price by name.", 'start': 7682.317, 'duration': 5.794}], 'summary': 'Defining plpq sql language for real-world example of querying product price by name.', 'duration': 24.038, 'max_score': 7664.073, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY7664073.jpg'}, {'end': 7829.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7801.48, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7804.602, 'text': "Let's just copy it out of there and let's paste it inside here.", 'start': 7801.48, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 7811.205, 'text': "Now you can no longer use select and what we're going to use instead is return.", 'start': 7805.042, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 7813.566, 'text': "So we'll say return item.", 'start': 7811.445, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 7819.149, 'text': 'price from item stays the same natural join product again where product name is.', 'start': 7813.566, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 7825.383, 'text': "and now, instead of grand view, This is going to be interactive and we'll be able to say product name.", 'start': 7819.149, 'duration': 6.234}, {'end': 7829.064, 'text': "And then you're going to have your end and everything else is perfectly fine.", 'start': 7825.883, 'duration': 3.181}], 'summary': "Use 'return' instead of 'select', join 'item' and 'product', and make the process interactive.", 'duration': 27.584, 'max_score': 7801.48, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY7801480.jpg'}, {'end': 8100.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8058.982, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8062.904, 'text': "And we're going to say our maximum value, both of them are going to be int.", 'start': 8058.982, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 8066.487, 'text': "And then we're going to say, what's it return? It's going to return an integer.", 'start': 8063.385, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 8073.691, 'text': "Again, inside of the declare area, we're going to have a random value, which is also going to be an integer.", 'start': 8067.107, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 8080.315, 'text': "and then down inside of here, where we put our statements, I'm gonna say select,", 'start': 8074.212, 'duration': 6.103}, {'end': 8100.393, 'text': "and I will call our random function like that and I'm gonna multiply it times our max value, minus our min value, and then We say plus min value.", 'start': 8080.315, 'duration': 20.078}], 'summary': 'The function returns an integer value calculated using a random function with specified minimum and maximum values.', 'duration': 41.411, 'max_score': 8058.982, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8058982.jpg'}, {'end': 8254.757, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8228.2, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8232.263, 'text': 'I could have passed in the number of employees and all that, but I know I have five employees.', 'start': 8228.2, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 8233.702, 'text': "So let's just keep this very simple.", 'start': 8232.282, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 8239.565, 'text': "I'm going to say five minus one, and then I'll say plus one.", 'start': 8233.723, 'duration': 5.842}, {'end': 8241.766, 'text': 'And there that is.', 'start': 8240.425, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 8246.227, 'text': "And we're going to store that into the variable that is called rand.", 'start': 8242.206, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 8249.068, 'text': 'Then I am going to come in here.', 'start': 8247.028, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 8250.289, 'text': "Let's go here.", 'start': 8249.089, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 8254.757, 'text': 'And I want to get row data for a random salesperson.', 'start': 8250.994, 'duration': 3.763}], 'summary': 'Using a simple calculation, the speaker assigns the value 5 to a variable called rand.', 'duration': 26.557, 'max_score': 8228.2, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8228200.jpg'}, {'end': 8320.787, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8285.037, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8302.108, 'text': "So I'll say return and concat and I will get my employee first name and then I'll put a space between it and get the employee last name.", 'start': 8285.037, 'duration': 17.071}, {'end': 8305.129, 'text': 'And there we go.', 'start': 8304.129, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 8306.162, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 8305.802, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 8310.263, 'text': "So we got all that set up and let's see if we did a good job or not.", 'start': 8306.182, 'duration': 4.081}, {'end': 8312.023, 'text': 'F5 Look at that.', 'start': 8311.103, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 8313.023, 'text': 'Created the function.', 'start': 8312.103, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 8313.664, 'text': 'Looks good.', 'start': 8313.064, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 8317.084, 'text': 'And then we can come up here and just call this right here.', 'start': 8313.683, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 8320.787, 'text': "So copy and we'll paste this inside of here.", 'start': 8317.105, 'duration': 3.682}], 'summary': 'Using return and concat to combine employee first and last names, testing function with positive outcome.', 'duration': 35.75, 'max_score': 8285.037, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8285037.jpg'}], 'start': 7543.08, 'title': 'Querying employee information and creating pg sql functions', 'summary': 'Covers querying and retrieving specific employee information for employees living in california, showcasing the use of functions in queries, and illustrates the creation of pg sql functions with examples of using variables, declaring blocks, and generating random values.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7590.587, 'start': 7543.08, 'title': 'Querying employee information in california', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to query and retrieve specific employee information for employees living in california, and showcases the use of functions in queries to obtain specific fields like names and phone numbers.', 'duration': 47.507, 'highlights': ['The chapter showcases querying and retrieving employee information for employees living in California.', 'It demonstrates the use of functions in queries to obtain specific fields like names and phone numbers.', 'The chapter highlights the capability to change the state parameter to retrieve information for different locations.']}, {'end': 8320.787, 'start': 7590.607, 'title': 'Creating pg sql functions', 'summary': 'Illustrates the creation of pg sql functions, demonstrating how to fetch employee details and manipulate data using sql functions, along with examples of using variables, declaring blocks, and generating random values.', 'duration': 730.18, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of creating PG SQL functions, heavily influenced by Oracle SQL, to allow looping, conditional statements, function usage, data types, etc., providing a comprehensive guide for viewers to understand and implement various functions. (relevance score: 5)', "An example demonstrates the creation of a function to retrieve product prices by name, showcasing the process of transposing a SQL query into a function and effectively utilizing the function in SQL queries, with a practical demonstration of the function's output. (relevance score: 4)", 'Another example showcases the utilization of variables in functions, including the declaration of variables, assigning values, and executing queries to perform arithmetic operations, providing a clear demonstration of variable usage within functions. (relevance score: 3)', 'The chapter also presents a detailed example of generating random values and utilizing record types to store row data, along with the application of the concat function to concatenate first and last names, offering an in-depth understanding of how to handle random data and store row information in variables. (relevance score: 2)']}], 'duration': 777.707, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY7543080.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of creating PG SQL functions, heavily influenced by Oracle SQL, to allow looping, conditional statements, function usage, data types, etc., providing a comprehensive guide for viewers to understand and implement various functions.', 'The chapter showcases querying and retrieving employee information for employees living in California.', 'It demonstrates the use of functions in queries to obtain specific fields like names and phone numbers.', "An example demonstrates the creation of a function to retrieve product prices by name, showcasing the process of transposing a SQL query into a function and effectively utilizing the function in SQL queries, with a practical demonstration of the function's output.", 'The chapter highlights the capability to change the state parameter to retrieve information for different locations.', 'Another example showcases the utilization of variables in functions, including the declaration of variables, assigning values, and executing queries to perform arithmetic operations, providing a clear demonstration of variable usage within functions.', 'The chapter also presents a detailed example of generating random values and utilizing record types to store row data, along with the application of the concat function to concatenate first and last names, offering an in-depth understanding of how to handle random data and store row information in variables.']}, {'end': 9649.467, 'segs': [{'end': 8411.931, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8376.3, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8376.88, 'text': "So I'll go.", 'start': 8376.3, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 8382.065, 'text': 'This is going to be get some loops, some two.', 'start': 8377.201, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 8386.869, 'text': "And we're going to label this as a in variable.", 'start': 8382.946, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 8391.413, 'text': "So I'll say in the one and it is an integer.", 'start': 8386.949, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 8397.86, 'text': "and then another in V2, and it's also an integer.", 'start': 8392.116, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 8405.246, 'text': "And then we will have out, which will be our answer, and it's also an integer.", 'start': 8398.661, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 8411.931, 'text': "So then in this circumstance, we don't need the return type, so we'll get rid of that, and it'll just be as.", 'start': 8405.746, 'duration': 6.185}], 'summary': 'Creating a function with input variables v1 and v2, and an output variable, for integer data manipulation.', 'duration': 35.631, 'max_score': 8376.3, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8376299.jpg'}, {'end': 8795.935, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8763.674, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8766.154, 'text': "So what am I going to call this? I'm going to call it git.", 'start': 8763.674, 'duration': 2.48}, {'end': 8768.015, 'text': "And I'm going to call it salespeople.", 'start': 8766.575, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 8776.891, 'text': "And I'm going to get rid of the ins and outs and all this stuff.", 'start': 8773.15, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 8781.852, 'text': "Let's not get rid of all of our parentheses though, because that can cause some problems.", 'start': 8777.671, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 8785.553, 'text': "Okay So do I need to pass anything in? No, I don't.", 'start': 8782.132, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 8787.673, 'text': 'Okay, So what would I like to do here?', 'start': 8786.073, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 8795.935, 'text': "So I'm going to say returns and we say set of, like we did previously whenever we had SQL functions,", 'start': 8787.733, 'duration': 8.202}], 'summary': "Creating 'git' for salespeople, eliminating unnecessary components, and setting up 'returns' as in sql functions", 'duration': 32.261, 'max_score': 8763.674, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8763674.jpg'}, {'end': 9170.009, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9140.48, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9143.642, 'text': 'And then finally limit 10.', 'start': 9140.48, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 9144.062, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 9143.642, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 9146.063, 'text': "Let's see if we did all of that.", 'start': 9144.162, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 9152.706, 'text': "Correct So let's go and select this, just this part right here and let's go and run it.", 'start': 9146.143, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 9155.247, 'text': 'And it says it returned successfully.', 'start': 9153.407, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 9156.208, 'text': 'So that looks good.', 'start': 9155.468, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 9159.167, 'text': 'And then we can go and just call our function.', 'start': 9156.926, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 9161.107, 'text': "So we'll go get this guy right here.", 'start': 9159.347, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 9165.908, 'text': 'Copy Come down here and go and paste it inside of here.', 'start': 9161.827, 'duration': 4.081}, {'end': 9167.228, 'text': 'Just like this.', 'start': 9166.488, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 9170.009, 'text': 'Oops Just like this.', 'start': 9167.969, 'duration': 2.04}], 'summary': 'Successfully executed the code with a limit of 10 and called the function.', 'duration': 29.529, 'max_score': 9140.48, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY9140480.jpg'}], 'start': 8321.007, 'title': 'Sql functions and data operations', 'summary': 'Covers the use of in, in, out parameters for data operations, in sql functions, querying and returning data from multiple tables, and exploring sql functions and conditionals to extract and analyze data, achieving total randomness and accuracy, resolving errors, and retrieving specific data with successful outcomes.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8434.37, 'start': 8321.007, 'title': 'Using in, in, out parameters for data operations', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of in, in, out parameters for data operations, showcasing the process of getting random salesperson data and implementing a simple summation function using in and out variables, achieving total randomness and accuracy.', 'duration': 113.363, 'highlights': ['The process of getting random salesperson data is showcased, revealing the successful generation of random names like Jennifer Smith and Brittany Jackson.', 'The demonstration of using in, in, out parameters for implementing a simple summation function with in and out variables is detailed, emphasizing the elimination of the need for a return type and the automatic generation of the answer.', 'The chapter also covers the use of in, in, out parameters for data operations, highlighting the declaration of in and out variables for a simple summation function, ensuring accuracy and efficiency.']}, {'end': 8858.402, 'start': 8434.83, 'title': 'Using in and out parameters in sql functions', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of in and out parameters in sql functions, showcasing an example with multiple out values and resolving errors, also highlighting the process of returning query results using a query.', 'duration': 423.572, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates using in and out parameters in SQL functions, including an example with multiple out values such as customer birthday month and day, first name, and last name.', 'It also shows the process of resolving errors encountered while coding, such as missing parentheses and extra parentheses.', 'Additionally, it highlights the process of returning query results using a query, specifically for obtaining salesperson data from the salesperson table.']}, {'end': 9107.149, 'start': 8858.942, 'title': 'Querying and returning data from multiple tables', 'summary': 'Demonstrates querying and returning specific data from multiple tables, including obtaining information in table format and retrieving the top 10 most expensive products from a query, with a successful outcome.', 'duration': 248.207, 'highlights': ['The process of obtaining employee information in table format by using parentheses and dot notation is explained, highlighting the simplicity of the method.', 'The successful retrieval of the top 10 most expensive products through a complex query is detailed, showcasing the use of natural join, order by price in descending order, and the limit function to achieve the desired outcome.']}, {'end': 9649.467, 'start': 9107.229, 'title': 'Exploring sql functions and conditionals', 'summary': 'Demonstrates using sql functions and conditionals to extract and analyze data, including joining tables, ordering results, and using if-else statements and case statements to evaluate and display information.', 'duration': 542.238, 'highlights': ['Using SQL functions to join tables, order results, and limit output to top 10 The speaker demonstrates using SQL functions to join the item and product tables, order the results by item price in descending order, and limit the output to the top 10 most expensive products.', "Implementing if-else statements to evaluate and output different messages based on total orders The chapter illustrates implementing if-else statements to evaluate the total orders, outputting different messages based on the conditions, such as 'doing good' for total orders greater than 5 and 'doing bad' for total orders less than 5.", "Adopting case statements to execute different code based on total orders' values The speaker explains the use of case statements to execute different code based on the total orders' values, demonstrating how to output 'terrible' when total orders are less than one and 'on target' when total orders are greater than one but less than five."]}], 'duration': 1328.46, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY8321007.jpg', 'highlights': ['The successful retrieval of the top 10 most expensive products through a complex query is detailed, showcasing the use of natural join, order by price in descending order, and the limit function to achieve the desired outcome.', 'The chapter demonstrates using in and out parameters in SQL functions, including an example with multiple out values such as customer birthday month and day, first name, and last name.', 'The process of obtaining employee information in table format by using parentheses and dot notation is explained, highlighting the simplicity of the method.', "The chapter illustrates implementing if-else statements to evaluate the total orders, outputting different messages based on the conditions, such as 'doing good' for total orders greater than 5 and 'doing bad' for total orders less than 5."]}, {'end': 11274.349, 'segs': [{'end': 9709.907, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9681.831, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9687.935, 'text': "but here we're just going to say else and we'll say orders and we'll say doing good.", 'start': 9681.831, 'duration': 6.104}, {'end': 9697.983, 'text': "All right, so there's all that, and we can go and select it, and of course always have the end for your case.", 'start': 9689.096, 'duration': 8.887}, {'end': 9702.319, 'text': "Let's run it, said the function was created, Everything looks good here.", 'start': 9698.603, 'duration': 3.716}, {'end': 9703.681, 'text': "Whoops I don't need this.", 'start': 9702.339, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 9709.907, 'text': 'Get rid of this little guy there and check monthly orders is the name of it.', 'start': 9703.761, 'duration': 6.146}], 'summary': 'Creating a function to check monthly orders, everything looks good.', 'duration': 28.076, 'max_score': 9681.831, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY9681831.jpg'}, {'end': 10021.217, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9992.674, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10000.945, 'text': "And let's go and get rid of, let's say, what do I want to get rid of? Let's go.", 'start': 9992.674, 'duration': 8.271}, {'end': 10002.446, 'text': "That's going to stay the same.", 'start': 10001.125, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 10006.208, 'text': "And we don't need this part right here.", 'start': 10003.287, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 10010.191, 'text': 'And we are not going to be using this exit statement.', 'start': 10007.009, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 10012.272, 'text': "That's only used for our looping.", 'start': 10010.231, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 10015.414, 'text': "But we'll come after begin right here.", 'start': 10012.792, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 10017.135, 'text': "And I'm going to jump in.", 'start': 10015.434, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 10021.217, 'text': "And I'm going to say for i in.", 'start': 10017.315, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'Removing unnecessary code and adjusting looping statement for optimization.', 'duration': 28.543, 'max_score': 9992.674, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY9992674.jpg'}, {'end': 10071.788, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10046.135, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10050.617, 'text': "so there's end loop and we're also going to return a total sum.", 'start': 10046.135, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 10052.639, 'text': 'everything else is exactly the same.', 'start': 10050.617, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 10055.16, 'text': "so let's go and run it.", 'start': 10052.639, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 10058.141, 'text': "there it is, And then let's go and test it.", 'start': 10055.16, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 10061.463, 'text': "So we'll just change this to function for test.", 'start': 10058.761, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 10063.324, 'text': 'Exactly like that.', 'start': 10062.343, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 10067.766, 'text': "And what do we want to do? Let's just leave it be the same way and run it.", 'start': 10064.204, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 10071.788, 'text': 'And we see we get nine as an answer, exactly like we would think.', 'start': 10068.386, 'duration': 3.402}], 'summary': 'The code returns a total sum of 9, after running a test function.', 'duration': 25.653, 'max_score': 10046.135, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY10046135.jpg'}, {'end': 11239.895, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11215.22, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11220.723, 'text': "I can move this up so you can see everything here all at once, and also this doesn't need to be on that line.", 'start': 11215.22, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 11223.585, 'text': "let's move it up just to have some space, okay?", 'start': 11220.723, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 11237.873, 'text': "so what I'm going to do is I'm going to say that I want to update my past due table and I want to set the balance, the new balance,", 'start': 11223.585, 'duration': 14.288}, {'end': 11239.895, 'text': 'to whatever they paid.', 'start': 11237.873, 'duration': 2.022}], 'summary': 'Update past due table, set new balance to amount paid.', 'duration': 24.675, 'max_score': 11215.22, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY11215220.jpg'}], 'start': 9651.57, 'title': 'Programming concepts', 'summary': 'Covers conditional statements, looping, and sql stored procedures in programming. it includes demonstrations of using if-else conditions, looping concepts, iterating through arrays, and creating sql stored procedures, with a focus on postgresql and successful function creation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9709.907, 'start': 9651.57, 'title': 'Conditional statements in programming', 'summary': "Discusses the use of conditional statements in programming, demonstrating how to use if-else conditions and defaults, with a focus on ensuring target conditions are met and handling cases where conditions are not. the demonstration ends with the successful creation of a function named 'monthly orders'.", 'duration': 58.337, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the use of if-else conditions and defaults in programming for handling different scenarios and ensuring target conditions are met.', "The speaker shows how to create a function named 'monthly orders' and runs it successfully, indicating that everything looks good.", "The speaker emphasizes the importance of having an 'else' statement for cases where conditions are not met, highlighting good coding practices.", 'The demonstration includes copying and pasting code, showcasing practical application of the discussed concepts.']}, {'end': 10071.788, 'start': 9710.307, 'title': 'Looping concepts and examples', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of looping, including examples of implementing a loop to sum values and using a for loop to sum odd values, with a demonstration of achieving the expected results.', 'duration': 361.481, 'highlights': ['Demonstrating a loop to sum values up to a maximum number passed into a function and achieving the expected result of 15. The chapter includes a demonstration of implementing a loop to sum values up to a maximum number passed into a function, which successfully yields a result of 15.', 'Illustrating the use of a for loop to sum odd values and obtaining the expected result of 9. The transcript showcases the usage of a for loop to sum odd values, which accurately produces the result of 9.']}, {'end': 10849.452, 'start': 10072.168, 'title': 'Looping and iterating in programming', 'summary': "Covers looping and iterating in programming, showcasing examples of using for loops, do blocks, arrays, while loops, and continue statements in a tutorial format, with a focus on postgresql, including summing odd values, counting in reverse, outputting salespeople's names, iterating through arrays, summing values with a while loop, and printing odd numbers using a continue statement.", 'duration': 777.284, 'highlights': ['Showcasing examples of using for loops, do blocks, arrays, while loops, and continue statements in a tutorial format The tutorial provides comprehensive examples of using for loops, do blocks, arrays, while loops, and continue statements, offering practical insights into programming concepts.', 'Summing odd values and counting in reverse Demonstrates the process of summing odd values and counting in reverse, providing a practical understanding of iterating through values in a tutorial scenario.', "Outputting salespeople's names using a for loop Illustrates the use of a for loop to output salespeople's names, demonstrating practical application of iterating through data using a programming construct.", 'Iterating through arrays and summing values with a while loop Provides examples of iterating through arrays and summing values using a while loop, offering practical insights into working with data structures and iterative processes in programming.', 'Printing odd numbers using a continue statement Demonstrates the use of a continue statement to print odd numbers, showcasing a practical application of control flow in programming to achieve specific outcomes.']}, {'end': 11274.349, 'start': 10850.312, 'title': 'Sql stored procedures overview', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of sql stored procedures, demonstrating their usage, limitations, and examples, and concludes with a demonstration of creating and executing a stored procedure.', 'duration': 424.037, 'highlights': ['Stored procedures can execute transactions, which cannot be done with functions. Stored procedures can execute transactions, providing a capability that functions cannot. This allows for more complex and powerful database operations.', "Stored procedures traditionally can't return values, but there's a workaround using in and out parameters. While traditionally unable to return values, stored procedures can utilize in and out parameters as a workaround, offering flexibility in managing return data.", "Stored procedures can't be called by select, but can be executed using execute and call commands. Stored procedures cannot be called by select, but can be executed using execute and call commands, expanding the ways they can be invoked.", "Creation of a sample table 'past due' for storing customer IDs with balances due is demonstrated. The process of creating a 'past due' table for storing customer IDs and balances due is demonstrated, illustrating the practical application of SQL commands."]}], 'duration': 1622.779, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY9651570.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tutorial provides comprehensive examples of using for loops, do blocks, arrays, while loops, and continue statements, offering practical insights into programming concepts.', 'Stored procedures can execute transactions, providing a capability that functions cannot. This allows for more complex and powerful database operations.', 'Illustrating the use of a for loop to sum odd values and obtaining the expected result of 9.', "The process of creating a 'past due' table for storing customer IDs and balances due is demonstrated, illustrating the practical application of SQL commands.", 'Demonstrating a loop to sum values up to a maximum number passed into a function and achieving the expected result of 15.']}, {'end': 13330.647, 'segs': [{'end': 11454.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11428.902, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11436.049, 'text': "And another thing to know is if you have a trigger that is row level which we're going to cover what row level means here.", 'start': 11428.902, 'duration': 7.147}, {'end': 11447.836, 'text': 'The trigger is called for each row that is modified and if a trigger is statement level it will execute once regardless of the number of rows.', 'start': 11436.653, 'duration': 11.183}, {'end': 11454.398, 'text': 'One thing that is really important to understand is when can you perform certain actions with triggers.', 'start': 11448.456, 'duration': 5.942}], 'summary': 'Explains the difference between row level and statement level triggers.', 'duration': 25.496, 'max_score': 11428.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY11428902.jpg'}, {'end': 11626.438, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11601.066, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11607.931, 'text': "So I'm going to go ID and this will be serial and this will be primary key.", 'start': 11601.066, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 11616.629, 'text': "And it's just going to have a name and we'll say variable number of characters and we'll have something like 100 or something like that.", 'start': 11609.182, 'duration': 7.447}, {'end': 11618.571, 'text': 'Did I close off all this? Yes.', 'start': 11616.709, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 11623.175, 'text': "So this is going to create that table and you'll just have to boom.", 'start': 11619.191, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 11624.015, 'text': 'There it is.', 'start': 11623.455, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 11625.897, 'text': 'We created our table successfully.', 'start': 11624.296, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 11626.438, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 11626.217, 'duration': 0.221}], 'summary': 'Created a table with primary key and name field successfully.', 'duration': 25.372, 'max_score': 11601.066, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY11601066.jpg'}, {'end': 12609.377, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12574.68, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12576.384, 'text': 'And they could be pointed at a row.', 'start': 12574.68, 'duration': 1.704}, {'end': 12580.153, 'text': 'and then select, update, or delete.', 'start': 12577.032, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 12589.255, 'text': 'And cursors get data and they push it to another language for processing operations that add, edit, or delete.', 'start': 12581.113, 'duration': 8.142}, {'end': 12594.817, 'text': 'And cursors are first declared defining the selection options to be used.', 'start': 12590.075, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 12599.558, 'text': "And then it's going to be opened so that it retrieves the data.", 'start': 12595.597, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 12602.939, 'text': 'And then the individual rows can be fetched after that.', 'start': 12600.218, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 12609.377, 'text': 'And then after use, you want to close a cursor so you can free up memory and such.', 'start': 12603.752, 'duration': 5.625}], 'summary': 'Cursors are used to select, update, or delete data, and should be closed after use to free up memory.', 'duration': 34.697, 'max_score': 12574.68, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY12574680.jpg'}, {'end': 13330.647, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 13195.24, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13200.645, 'text': "so you're going to want to go to the PostgreSQL.org files.", 'start': 13195.24, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 13203.348, 'text': 'you just type in Postgres and download.', 'start': 13200.645, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 13204.949, 'text': "you're going to see this page right here.", 'start': 13203.348, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 13217.676, 'text': "Then you're going to want to pick the latest version of Postgres and you're going to be sent to a page like this again you're going to want to pick whatever of the operating systems that you are currently using.", 'start': 13205.29, 'duration': 12.386}, {'end': 13219.458, 'text': "I'm clearly using Windows.", 'start': 13218.156, 'duration': 1.302}, {'end': 13223.742, 'text': 'And then this is going to open up and you just basically next your way through the whole thing.', 'start': 13219.838, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 13228.627, 'text': 'So just next and you can define where you want it to be set up and click on next.', 'start': 13223.802, 'duration': 4.825}, {'end': 13235.433, 'text': "And then you're again going to select just make sure you do not select stack builder in this situation.", 'start': 13229.127, 'duration': 6.306}, {'end': 13238.156, 'text': 'So everything else should be checked and click next.', 'start': 13235.994, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 13242.742, 'text': 'And then you can go and select the directory you want to store your data in.', 'start': 13238.84, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 13243.963, 'text': 'Again, next.', 'start': 13243.142, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 13248.245, 'text': "And then you're going to define a password that you're going to be using.", 'start': 13244.523, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 13251.386, 'text': "So go into, that's basically an administration.", 'start': 13248.325, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 13253.567, 'text': 'So click on next after you enter that in.', 'start': 13251.426, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 13257.969, 'text': "Then you're going to want to set your port, which is going to be 5,432.", 'start': 13254.067, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 13261.431, 'text': 'And click on next.', 'start': 13257.969, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 13267.414, 'text': 'And then I just leave this as default location, or default locale, that is.', 'start': 13262.331, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 13270.65, 'text': "And then basically everything's just going to install for you.", 'start': 13267.847, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 13272.372, 'text': 'And there you go.', 'start': 13271.752, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 13273.834, 'text': 'You have basically everything set up.', 'start': 13272.412, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 13274.855, 'text': 'Now click on next.', 'start': 13273.914, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 13279.501, 'text': "And then after everything has been installed, you're going to see a message that looks like this.", 'start': 13275.756, 'duration': 3.745}, {'end': 13283.422, 'text': "Then what you're going to want to do is you want to find PG admin.", 'start': 13280.06, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 13286.584, 'text': "It's currently version four and you're going to want to open that up.", 'start': 13283.502, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 13289.746, 'text': "And right here you're going to set your master password.", 'start': 13287.185, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 13292.708, 'text': 'So just type in whatever your password is and click on OK.', 'start': 13289.807, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 13296.531, 'text': "And then you're going to enter a password for your user.", 'start': 13293.069, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 13301.534, 'text': 'So just come in here click on OK and you can enter it again and click on OK.', 'start': 13296.991, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 13307.458, 'text': "And then you're going to see PG admin pop up just like this just like we worked with in the tutorial.", 'start': 13301.995, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 13308.639, 'text': 'So there you go guys.', 'start': 13307.839, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 13316.033, 'text': "That is basically vast majority of anything you're going to do with Postgres outside of some administration and such.", 'start': 13308.679, 'duration': 7.354}, {'end': 13324.741, 'text': 'I mainly focused in on the programming aspects, which I believe are what most people come to my tutorials or my channel for.', 'start': 13316.493, 'duration': 8.248}, {'end': 13329.085, 'text': 'And like always, please leave your questions and comments down below.', 'start': 13325.722, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 13330.647, 'text': 'Otherwise, until next time.', 'start': 13329.466, 'duration': 1.181}], 'summary': 'Install postgresql on windows by following simple steps.', 'duration': 21.968, 'max_score': 13195.24, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY13195240.jpg'}], 'start': 11274.649, 'title': 'Database triggers and customer payments', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of updating customer balances and processing payments, with an example of a $10 payment. it also covers triggers in databases, their types, applications for auditing and data validation, and creating trigger functions to monitor changes in a database table. additionally, it explains the use of triggers to block database changes on weekends and the creation of cursors to manipulate data within postgresql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11330.111, 'start': 11274.649, 'title': 'Customer balance and payment process', 'summary': 'Discusses a process of updating customer balances and processing payments, including an example where a customer pays off $10 of their balance, with a focus on running and verifying the process.', 'duration': 55.462, 'highlights': ['The process involves updating customer balances and processing payments, with an example of a customer paying off $10 of their balance.', 'The example includes running and verifying the process to ensure it worked correctly.']}, {'end': 11743.894, 'start': 11330.111, 'title': 'Triggers and their applications', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of triggers in databases, including their purpose, types, pros and cons, and practical applications for auditing and data validation, with examples and use cases provided. it also explains the execution order and limitations of triggers.', 'duration': 413.783, 'highlights': ['Triggers can be used for auditing, validating data, and ensuring integrity between databases, with the ability to call functions or procedures and being recursive. Triggers serve multiple purposes, including auditing, data validation, and maintaining integrity between databases. They can call functions or procedures and are recursive, offering versatility in database management.', 'Triggers add execution overhead and can lead to nested or recursive trigger errors, which may be challenging to debug, while also being invisible to the client and potentially causing confusion. Triggers introduce execution overhead and can result in complex nested or recursive trigger errors that are difficult to debug. Additionally, their invisibility to the client may lead to confusion and restricted actions.', 'Explaining the structure and creation of triggers, with a focus on logging changes to a table, including practical examples of table creation, data insertion, and trigger function establishment. The transcript provides a detailed explanation of trigger structure and creation, particularly emphasizing the process of logging table changes. Practical examples of table creation, data insertion, and trigger function establishment are included.']}, {'end': 12237.454, 'start': 11744.315, 'title': 'Creating trigger function and binding to a trigger', 'summary': 'Covers the creation of a trigger function to monitor changes in a database table, including inserting information into an audit table and binding the function to a trigger to log changes before and after they occur.', 'duration': 493.139, 'highlights': ['Creating a trigger function to monitor changes in a database table The chapter demonstrates the creation of a trigger function to monitor changes in a database table.', 'Inserting information into an audit table The chapter explains the process of inserting information into an audit table to save distributor name changes.', 'Binding the function to a trigger to log changes before and after they occur The chapter discusses the process of binding the function to a trigger to log changes before and after they occur in the database table.']}, {'end': 13330.647, 'start': 12238.014, 'title': 'Using triggers and cursors in postgresql', 'summary': 'Covers the use of triggers to block database changes on weekends, the creation of cursors to manipulate data within postgresql, and a guide to the installation process for postgresql on windows, with a focus on the programming aspects.', 'duration': 1092.633, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the use of triggers to block database changes on weekends, preventing unauthorized modifications, and showcases the creation of a trigger function that restricts database changes during weekends, effectively demonstrating the practical application of triggers. Demonstrates the creation and implementation of a trigger to block weekend changes in the database', 'A detailed explanation of the concept and usage of cursors is provided, including the declaration, opening, fetching, and closing of cursors, with practical examples to illustrate their functionality, showcasing a comprehensive understanding of cursor usage within PostgreSQL. Provides a comprehensive understanding of cursor usage within PostgreSQL', 'The transcript includes a detailed guide to the installation process for PostgreSQL on Windows, emphasizing the programming aspects and focusing on the installation steps, password setup, and PG admin usage, providing a thorough walkthrough for users, especially those interested in programming aspects. Offers a thorough walkthrough of the installation process for PostgreSQL on Windows']}], 'duration': 2055.998, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/85pG_pDkITY/pics/85pG_pDkITY11274649.jpg', 'highlights': ['The process involves updating customer balances and processing payments, with an example of a customer paying off $10 of their balance.', 'Triggers can be used for auditing, validating data, and ensuring integrity between databases, with the ability to call functions or procedures and being recursive.', 'The chapter demonstrates the creation of a trigger function to monitor changes in a database table.', 'The chapter explains the use of triggers to block database changes on weekends, preventing unauthorized modifications.', 'Provides a comprehensive understanding of cursor usage within PostgreSQL.', 'Offers a thorough walkthrough of the installation process for PostgreSQL on Windows.']}], 'highlights': ['The video contains a full course on Postgres, equivalent to a 1000 page book, with a table of contents for navigation and numerous examples provided.', 'Postgres excels at concurrency and data integrity, making it the best option for extensibility and scalability.', 'Databases are structured into rows and columns, and queries are used to retrieve or modify data, with each table containing multiple rows and columns representing different types of data.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of separating product information such as business, casual, or athletic types into a separate table, along with details like brand, shoe name, size, color, price, and quantity.', "The chapter details the process of creating a 'product' table using a foreign key to reference the 'product type' table, and includes attributes such as name, supplier, and description, emphasizing the use of the integer type for foreign keys.", 'The chapter covers populating tables with data, focusing on sales order and sales item, and introduces using SQL queries including select, where, and conditional operators', 'Logical operators (and, or, not) allow for more precise filtering of data based on multiple conditions.', 'Using functions like concat to combine data fields and aliases for easier referencing, providing flexibility in data retrieval.', 'The chapter details the usage of various aggregate functions like sum, average, minimum, and maximum to analyze data, providing a comprehensive understanding of how to derive insights from different parameters.', 'The chapter covers the different types of SQL joins, including inner joins, left outer joins, and cross joins, with practical examples and explanations on when to use each type.', 'The chapter covers the basics of creating and utilizing SQL functions, including adding integers, using dollar quotes for single quotes, and creating functions that return void and perform SQL queries.', 'The chapter explains the process of creating PG SQL functions, heavily influenced by Oracle SQL, to allow looping, conditional statements, function usage, data types, etc., providing a comprehensive guide for viewers to understand and implement various functions.', 'The successful retrieval of the top 10 most expensive products through a complex query is detailed, showcasing the use of natural join, order by price in descending order, and the limit function to achieve the desired outcome.', 'Stored procedures can execute transactions, providing a capability that functions cannot. This allows for more complex and powerful database operations.', 'The process involves updating customer balances and processing payments, with an example of a customer paying off $10 of their balance.', 'Triggers can be used for auditing, validating data, and ensuring integrity between databases, with the ability to call functions or procedures and being recursive.', 'Offers a thorough walkthrough of the installation process for PostgreSQL on Windows.']}