title
Carl Hart: Heroin, Cocaine, MDMA, Alcohol & the Role of Drugs in Society | Lex Fridman Podcast #233

description
Carl Hart is a psychologist at Columbia University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off - Ten Thousand: https://www.tenthousand.cc/ and use code LEX to get 15% off - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Carl's Twitter: https://twitter.com/drcarlhart Carl's Website: https://drcarlhart.com Drug Use for Grown-Ups (book): https://amzn.to/3lVpq2Y PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:53 - The experience of drugs 12:57 - Drug use for grownups 18:40 - Studies on drugs 19:50 - Negative effects of drugs 25:18 - Should all drugs be legalized 30:47 - War on drugs: positive or negative 36:39 - Proper, positive, and misuse of drugs 40:59 - Recovery 47:53 - Drug depiction in movies 51:24 - How the study of drugs changed Carl 53:48 - Formative memories 58:16 - Greatest hip hop artist of all time 1:01:38 - What mind altering drugs teach us 1:05:45 - Advice for young people 1:07:51 - The meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Carl Hart: Heroin, Cocaine, MDMA, Alcohol & the Role of Drugs in Society | Lex Fridman Podcast #233', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1450.958, 'start': 1403.582, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Carl hart advocates for evidence-based drug policies, emphasizing responsible use, societal impact, and the need for education and decriminalization to challenge misconceptions and promote positive well-being and freedom.', 'chapters': [{'end': 111.973, 'segs': [{'end': 30.855, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6.015, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Carl Hart, department chair and professor of psychology at Columbia University.', 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 5.926}, {'end': 14.442, 'text': "He's the author of several books on the topic of drugs, including his most recent, called Drug Use for Grownups.", 'start': 6.975, 'duration': 7.467}, {'end': 21.108, 'text': 'that challenges us to quote use empirical evidence to guide public policy, even if it makes us uncomfortable.', 'start': 14.442, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 30.855, 'text': 'His research on drugs, including hard drugs like heroin and cocaine, challenges much of what we think we know about drugs and their role in society.', 'start': 21.909, 'duration': 8.946}], 'summary': 'Carl hart, a psychology professor, challenges drug misconceptions with empirical evidence.', 'duration': 30.766, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A89.jpg'}, {'end': 111.973, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 86.582, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 95.004, 'text': "You are a free thinking being, the main character, if you will, the hero in a story that's being written by you.", 'start': 86.582, 'duration': 8.422}, {'end': 99.465, 'text': 'So at the end of the day, you are responsible for the choices you make.', 'start': 95.944, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 101.666, 'text': 'So choose wisely.', 'start': 100.225, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 104.348, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast.', 'start': 102.547, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 107.75, 'text': 'To support it, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 104.648, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 111.973, 'text': "And now, here's my conversation with Carl Hart.", 'start': 108.33, 'duration': 3.643}], 'summary': 'You are the main character responsible for your choices. choose wisely.', 'duration': 25.391, 'max_score': 86.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A86582.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Rethinking drug use', 'summary': "Discusses carl hart's perspective on drug use, advocating for evidence-based policy, challenging misconceptions, and emphasizing the role of co-occurring disorders and socioeconomic factors in addiction, while also advocating for the legalization of drugs for responsible use.", 'chapters': [{'end': 111.973, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Rethinking drug use', 'summary': "Discusses carl hart's perspective on drug use, advocating for evidence-based policy, challenging misconceptions, and emphasizing the role of co-occurring disorders and socioeconomic factors in addiction, while also advocating for the legalization of drugs for responsible use.", 'duration': 111.884, 'highlights': ['Carl Hart challenges misconceptions about drug addiction, emphasizing the role of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic factors, rather than solely attributing it to the drugs themselves.', 'He advocates for evidence-based policy by legalizing all drugs, enabling responsible and open use while providing access to help in a controlled, safe environment.', "Hart's perspective is rooted in empirical data and rigorous scientific studies, encouraging open-minded consideration of his ideas and critical thinking in decision-making about substance use."]}], 'duration': 111.884, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A89.jpg', 'highlights': ['Carl Hart challenges misconceptions about drug addiction, emphasizing co-occurring psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic factors.', 'He advocates for evidence-based policy by legalizing all drugs for responsible and open use.', "Hart's perspective is rooted in empirical data and rigorous scientific studies, encouraging open-minded consideration of his ideas."]}, {'end': 772.535, 'segs': [{'end': 208.049, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 184.73, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 191.476, 'text': "They try to act as if biology is the only determinant of drug effects and that's just not how it works.", 'start': 184.73, 'duration': 6.746}, {'end': 200.143, 'text': "Uh, you need the environment, you need the cage, as they say, if you don't have the cage, uh, you don't get the full extent of the, uh, effects.", 'start': 192.117, 'duration': 8.026}, {'end': 201.384, 'text': 'And so like you can take MDMA.', 'start': 200.243, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 203.766, 'text': 'and have an awful time.', 'start': 202.505, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 208.049, 'text': 'You can have a time in which you get paranoid and so forth,', 'start': 203.826, 'duration': 4.223}], 'summary': 'Drug effects are influenced by biology and environment, with the environment playing a crucial role in experiencing the full extent of the effects.', 'duration': 23.319, 'max_score': 184.73, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A184730.jpg'}, {'end': 458.699, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 431.188, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 438.093, 'text': 'So in your new book Drug Use for Grownups, you write for the finding section.', 'start': 431.188, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 443.057, 'text': 'I discovered that the predominant effects produced by the drugs discussed in this book are positive.', 'start': 438.093, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 450.895, 'text': "It didn't matter whether the drug in question was cannabis, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, or psilocybin.", 'start': 444.231, 'duration': 6.664}, {'end': 458.699, 'text': 'Overwhelmingly, consumers expressed feeling more altruistic, empathetic, euphoric, focused, grateful, and tranquil.', 'start': 451.515, 'duration': 7.184}], 'summary': "Book 'drug use for grownups' finds positive effects of various drugs on consumers.", 'duration': 27.511, 'max_score': 431.188, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A431188.jpg'}, {'end': 500.664, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 473.087, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 477.157, 'text': 'I had been indoctrinated to be biased toward the negative effects of drug use.', 'start': 473.087, 'duration': 4.07}, {'end': 482.79, 'text': 'But over the past two plus decades, I had gained a deeper, more nuanced understanding.', 'start': 477.558, 'duration': 5.232}, {'end': 487.199, 'text': 'These words are very counterintuitive to a lot of people.', 'start': 484.218, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 498.463, 'text': 'I think, like you also mentioned in the book and elsewhere, you know people have come around to maybe psilocybin being one such drug,', 'start': 489.4, 'duration': 9.063}, {'end': 500.664, 'text': 'maybe cannabis being one such drug.', 'start': 498.463, 'duration': 2.201}], 'summary': 'Over 2 decades, gained nuanced understanding of drug effects, including psilocybin and cannabis.', 'duration': 27.577, 'max_score': 473.087, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A473087.jpg'}, {'end': 566.916, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 543.532, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 552.681, 'text': "And also if they know exactly what they're getting and then they're not paranoid about, It's something contaminated in some adulterant in my drug.", 'start': 543.532, 'duration': 9.149}, {'end': 555.964, 'text': 'So you want to make sure you know exactly what you have.', 'start': 553.662, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 560.969, 'text': 'Once you satisfy those kind of things, you understand the dose and potency,', 'start': 556.184, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 566.916, 'text': 'you understand all of those things to decrease any sort of anxiety you might have about the substance itself.', 'start': 560.969, 'duration': 5.947}], 'summary': "Ensure knowing drug's content reduces anxiety about it.", 'duration': 23.384, 'max_score': 543.532, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A543532.jpg'}], 'start': 113.494, 'title': "Drugs' effects on body and mind and environment impact", 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of environmental context on drug effects like heroin and mdma, and emphasizes the role of personal responsibility and positive well-being in shaping drug experiences, countering prevalent negative perceptions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 274.919, 'start': 113.494, 'title': "Drugs' effects on body and mind", 'summary': 'Discusses the experience of taking drugs like heroin and mdma, emphasizing the importance of environmental context in shaping the effects, and highlights the inadequacy of purely biochemical explanations for drug experiences.', 'duration': 161.425, 'highlights': ['The importance of environmental context in shaping the effects of drugs is emphasized, as experiences with MDMA can vary greatly depending on the conditions, impacting relationships and inducing feelings of distrust and paranoia.', 'The inadequacy of purely biochemical explanations for drug experiences is highlighted, with a critique of the fascination with neuroscience and the assertion that understanding the induced experience requires more than just biochemical understanding.', 'The chapter explores the experiences of taking drugs like heroin and MDMA, questioning the need to understand drug experiences in terms of their effects on the body and mind, likening it to describing the experience of having an orgasm.', 'The speaker admits to using drugs like heroin and cocaine in their private life, emphasizing the boldness and power of such an admission in the context of their research.']}, {'end': 772.535, 'start': 275.359, 'title': 'The impact of environment and responsibility on drug experiences', 'summary': 'Discusses how environmental factors and personal responsibility play a crucial role in shaping drug experiences, with a focus on how positive drug effects are influenced by personal well-being and responsible usage, as well as countering the prevalent negative perceptions of drug use in media and entertainment.', 'duration': 497.176, 'highlights': ['The predominant effects produced by the drugs discussed in the book are overwhelmingly positive, including increased altruism, empathy, euphoria, focus, gratitude, tranquility, enhanced social interactions, a sense of purpose and meaning, and improved sexual intimacy and performance. The positive effects of various drugs, such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and psilocybin, are detailed, demonstrating a shift from the prevalent negative bias towards drug effects.', 'Personal responsibility and well-being, including factors like adequate sleep, exercise, and emotional stability, significantly impact the likelihood of having a positive drug experience, emphasizing the importance of handling responsibilities and reducing anxiety. The influence of personal well-being and responsible usage on shaping positive drug experiences is highlighted, emphasizing the role of environmental factors and personal habits in mitigating negative effects.', 'The influence of media and entertainment in perpetuating negative perceptions of drug use is addressed, with a focus on the financial incentives for emphasizing negative effects and the portrayal of drug users in popular culture. The negative bias in media reporting and entertainment towards drug use is discussed, highlighting the financial motivations for emphasizing negative effects and the misrepresentation of drug users in popular culture.']}], 'duration': 659.041, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A113494.jpg', 'highlights': ['The predominant effects of the drugs discussed are overwhelmingly positive, including increased altruism, empathy, euphoria, focus, gratitude, tranquility, enhanced social interactions, a sense of purpose and meaning, and improved sexual intimacy and performance.', 'The importance of environmental context in shaping the effects of drugs is emphasized, as experiences with MDMA can vary greatly depending on the conditions, impacting relationships and inducing feelings of distrust and paranoia.', 'The influence of media and entertainment in perpetuating negative perceptions of drug use is addressed, with a focus on the financial incentives for emphasizing negative effects and the portrayal of drug users in popular culture.', 'The inadequacy of purely biochemical explanations for drug experiences is highlighted, with a critique of the fascination with neuroscience and the assertion that understanding the induced experience requires more than just biochemical understanding.', 'Personal responsibility and well-being, including factors like adequate sleep, exercise, and emotional stability, significantly impact the likelihood of having a positive drug experience, emphasizing the importance of handling responsibilities and reducing anxiety.', 'The chapter explores the experiences of taking drugs like heroin and MDMA, questioning the need to understand drug experiences in terms of their effects on the body and mind, likening it to describing the experience of having an orgasm.', 'The speaker admits to using drugs like heroin and cocaine in their private life, emphasizing the boldness and power of such an admission in the context of their research.', 'The influence of personal well-being and responsible usage on shaping positive drug experiences is highlighted, emphasizing the role of environmental factors and personal habits in mitigating negative effects.', 'The negative bias in media reporting and entertainment towards drug use is discussed, highlighting the financial motivations for emphasizing negative effects and the misrepresentation of drug users in popular culture.']}, {'end': 1838.795, 'segs': [{'end': 1022.666, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 989.52, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 990.94, 'text': 'it was like a trade-off.', 'start': 989.52, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 992.02, 'text': 'you take.', 'start': 990.94, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 993.081, 'text': "uh. it's like.", 'start': 992.02, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 993.621, 'text': 'uh. what is it?', 'start': 993.081, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 996.802, 'text': 'robert johnson sold a soul to the devil to learn guitar.', 'start': 993.621, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 997.842, 'text': "like it's a trade-off.", 'start': 996.802, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 999.002, 'text': 'you could take the drug.', 'start': 997.842, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 1001.463, 'text': "you're gonna create some good stuff, but you have to pay for it.", 'start': 999.002, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 1002.183, 'text': 'those are the stories.', 'start': 1001.463, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 1003.964, 'text': "That's some bullshit we tell children.", 'start': 1002.443, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 1004.424, 'text': 'Come on.', 'start': 1004.084, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 1006.285, 'text': "That's exactly right.", 'start': 1005.205, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 1007.346, 'text': "You're exactly right.", 'start': 1006.365, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 1012.803, 'text': 'These fairy tales, these cautionary tales that we tell people, We have to grow up.', 'start': 1007.386, 'duration': 5.417}, {'end': 1017.665, 'text': "That's what the book is about, drug use for grownups.", 'start': 1012.863, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 1022.666, 'text': 'We tell people, Pinocchio, if you lie, your nose grow.', 'start': 1017.705, 'duration': 4.961}], 'summary': 'Discussion on trade-offs in drugs and folklore, emphasizing the need to grow up and face reality.', 'duration': 33.146, 'max_score': 989.52, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A989520.jpg'}, {'end': 1111.034, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1086.203, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1092.806, 'text': 'I mean, at a place like Columbia, we give these drugs thousands of doses every year.', 'start': 1086.203, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 1102.17, 'text': "Do you think we would be doing this? And we do this with research grants that's public, that's funded by the public taxpayers' dollars.", 'start': 1093.686, 'duration': 8.484}, {'end': 1111.034, 'text': "Do you think we would be allowed to do this if these drugs were so dangerous? It's just nonsense.", 'start': 1102.75, 'duration': 8.284}], 'summary': 'At columbia, thousands of drug doses are given annually through publicly funded research grants, suggesting their safety.', 'duration': 24.831, 'max_score': 1086.203, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1086203.jpg'}, {'end': 1188.357, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1156.436, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1164.5, 'text': 'the conditions under which the drugs will produce positive effects, the conditions under which the drugs were more likely to produce negative effects.', 'start': 1156.436, 'duration': 8.064}, {'end': 1168.623, 'text': 'all of this information is important for a society to know.', 'start': 1165.2, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 1170.804, 'text': 'uh, and, and we do know.', 'start': 1168.623, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 1173.226, 'text': "and and that's why we're collecting the data.", 'start': 1170.804, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 1177.329, 'text': "uh, we're collecting the data, it to help us, uh, with treatment.", 'start': 1173.226, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 1188.357, 'text': "if someone is having problems with these data, hopefully we'll understand more about how to help them deal with their problems,", 'start': 1177.329, 'duration': 11.028}], 'summary': 'Collecting data to understand drug effects and improve treatment for society.', 'duration': 31.921, 'max_score': 1156.436, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1156436.jpg'}, {'end': 1221.194, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1193.319, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1208.563, 'text': 'what are the properties of drugs we should be careful about? Is it addictive properties? How addictive it is? How destructive or painful whatever the withdrawal process is? What kind of things are we looking out for?', 'start': 1193.319, 'duration': 15.244}, {'end': 1214.05, 'text': 'Yeah, those are certain kind of questions we certainly have asked, because something like crack,', 'start': 1209.127, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 1221.194, 'text': 'cocaine versus alcohol or heroin when it comes to withdrawal or physical dependence.', 'start': 1214.05, 'duration': 7.144}], 'summary': 'Identifying drug properties: addiction, withdrawal, and physical dependence.', 'duration': 27.875, 'max_score': 1193.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1193319.jpg'}, {'end': 1450.958, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1403.582, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1409.968, 'text': 'There are people who lost their jobs, COVID, factories went away, a wide range of things.', 'start': 1403.582, 'duration': 6.386}, {'end': 1413.091, 'text': 'And those people used to have standing in their community.', 'start': 1410.028, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 1414.532, 'text': 'Now they have none.', 'start': 1413.611, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 1420.678, 'text': 'Those people might be susceptible to having a drug-related problem if they indulge.', 'start': 1415.553, 'duration': 5.125}, {'end': 1425.262, 'text': 'All of these kind of issues are far more important than the drug itself.', 'start': 1421.438, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 1428.503, 'text': 'And so they could seek escape in a particular drug.', 'start': 1426.462, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1432.566, 'text': 'I mean there is a biochemical thing to each of these drugs,', 'start': 1428.543, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 1438.25, 'text': "and some pull you in harder than others when you need the escape right? When you're not doing well in life.", 'start': 1432.566, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 1440.551, 'text': "What evidence you have for that? I don't.", 'start': 1438.91, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 1441.892, 'text': 'Yeah, because there is none.', 'start': 1440.791, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 1443.433, 'text': 'There is absolutely none.', 'start': 1442.012, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1449.437, 'text': "I mean, people say stuff like that and that's the problem.", 'start': 1443.873, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1450.958, 'text': "That's precisely the problem.", 'start': 1449.537, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'Job loss due to covid has led to loss of community standing, increasing susceptibility to drug-related issues.', 'duration': 47.376, 'max_score': 1403.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1403582.jpg'}, {'end': 1539.913, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1508.537, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1514.999, 'text': 'I think we have a substantial database, but people just ignore it.', 'start': 1508.537, 'duration': 6.462}, {'end': 1515.639, 'text': 'Got it.', 'start': 1515.359, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 1520.965, 'text': 'That said, let me ask you the question of legalization.', 'start': 1517.182, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 1532.067, 'text': 'So should, in your view, all drugs be legalized? The drugs that people seek certainly should be legally regulated and available to adults.', 'start': 1521.546, 'duration': 10.521}, {'end': 1539.913, 'text': 'So when I say the drugs people seek, like cannabis, MDMA, cocaine, heroin,', 'start': 1532.427, 'duration': 7.486}], 'summary': 'Advocates for legalizing drugs such as cannabis, mdma, cocaine, and heroin for adult use.', 'duration': 31.376, 'max_score': 1508.537, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1508537.jpg'}, {'end': 1765.188, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1738.994, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1746.92, 'text': 'Okay But the questions I keep wanting to ask you, I should be asking the same things of alcohol.', 'start': 1738.994, 'duration': 7.926}, {'end': 1753.164, 'text': "But when you're not doing well psychologically in the ways you described, when the environment is not right,", 'start': 1747.92, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 1765.188, 'text': "there's some aspect in which saying that drugs can be used responsibly and effectively and mostly positive,", 'start': 1757.145, 'duration': 8.043}], 'summary': 'Exploring the responsible and effective use of drugs in challenging psychological environments.', 'duration': 26.194, 'max_score': 1738.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1738994.jpg'}], 'start': 773.135, 'title': 'Drug use and responsibility', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of mature perspectives on drug use, explores the fear of societal judgment, the potential benefits of responsible drug use, the need for evidence-based education, and advocates for a shift in focus towards the psychosocial environment and the significance of freedom and responsibility in society.', 'chapters': [{'end': 989.52, 'start': 773.135, 'title': 'Adult drug use and responsibility', 'summary': 'Discusses the lack of mature perspectives on drug use, exploring the fear of societal judgment, the potential benefits of responsible drug use, and the need for education on drug dangers and effects.', 'duration': 216.385, 'highlights': ['The fear of societal judgment prevents mature individuals from openly discussing and sharing their experiences with drug use. The fear of being belittled or dismissed as a drug addict discourages adults from sharing their experiences with drug use.', 'Mature perspectives on drug use emphasize the importance of responsibility and understanding the potential dangers and negative effects. Mature individuals recognize the importance of responsibility and understanding the potential dangers and negative effects of drug use, similar to the caution exercised in relationships and driving.', 'The need for education on drug dangers and effects, particularly for heavy drugs, is highlighted, emphasizing the lack of knowledge in comparison to societal awareness of alcohol use. The speaker expresses the lack of knowledge and understanding regarding the dangers and negative effects of heavy drug use, contrasting it with the societal awareness and education on alcohol use.']}, {'end': 1193.319, 'start': 989.52, 'title': 'The truth about drug use', 'summary': 'Discusses the misconceptions and cautionary tales surrounding drug use, emphasizing the need for evidence-based education and highlighting the research conducted on various drugs to understand their effects and potential dangers.', 'duration': 203.799, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the need for evidence-based education on drug use, debunking misconceptions and cautionary tales that are not supported by scientific evidence.', 'Research conducted at Columbia involves administering thousands of doses of drugs annually, funded by public taxpayer dollars, indicating the lack of inherent danger in these drugs.', 'The studies aim to understand the positive and negative effects of various drugs under different conditions, providing essential information for society and aiding in treatment for individuals facing drug-related problems.', 'Experiments are conducted to establish an empirical database on different drugs, determining the conditions under which they produce positive and negative effects, with the goal of aiding in the treatment of individuals dealing with drug-related issues.']}, {'end': 1838.795, 'start': 1193.319, 'title': 'Properties of drugs and addiction', 'summary': 'Examines the properties of drugs, highlighting the varying levels of addictive properties and withdrawal symptoms, emphasizing the minimal significance of addiction in relation to drugs themselves, and advocates for a shift in focus towards the psychosocial environment, outlining the need for responsible drug use and the significance of freedom and responsibility in society.', 'duration': 645.476, 'highlights': ['The withdrawal process of drugs varies, with alcohol posing the most dangerous withdrawal symptoms that can lead to fatality. Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal, whereas heroin withdrawal is unpleasant but not as dangerous, and cocaine and methamphetamine have limited withdrawal symptoms.', 'The most concerning negative effect of heroin use is constipation, which is often overlooked in society. The main concern with heroin use is the increase in constipation, which is rarely discussed in society, despite its significant impact on general health.', 'Addiction is influenced more by the psychosocial environment than the drug itself, with factors such as mental illness, unrealistic expectations, lack of responsibility, and loss of standing in the community being more significant. Addiction is influenced by psychosocial factors such as mental illness, unrealistic expectations, lack of responsibility, and loss of standing in the community, rather than the properties of the drugs themselves.', 'Advocates for the legalization and regulation of certain drugs, emphasizing the need for responsible drug use and education, drawing parallels to the regulation of alcohol. Supports the legalization and regulation of certain drugs, emphasizing the importance of responsible drug use and education, and draws parallels to the regulation of alcohol to minimize potential harms.', 'Emphasizes the need for education and responsible drug use, highlighting the importance of understanding the effects of drugs on sleep, food intake, and overall health. Stresses the importance of educating individuals about the effects of drugs on sleep, food intake, and overall health to promote responsible drug use.']}], 'duration': 1065.66, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A773135.jpg', 'highlights': ['The fear of societal judgment discourages adults from openly discussing their experiences with drug use.', 'Mature perspectives on drug use emphasize responsibility and understanding potential dangers.', 'The lack of knowledge and understanding regarding the dangers and negative effects of heavy drug use is contrasted with societal awareness and education on alcohol use.', 'The chapter emphasizes the need for evidence-based education on drug use, debunking misconceptions and cautionary tales.', 'Research at Columbia involves administering thousands of doses of drugs annually, funded by public taxpayer dollars.', 'Experiments aim to establish an empirical database on different drugs, determining the conditions under which they produce positive and negative effects.', 'Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal, whereas heroin withdrawal is unpleasant but not as dangerous, and cocaine and methamphetamine have limited withdrawal symptoms.', 'The main concern with heroin use is the increase in constipation, which is rarely discussed in society.', 'Addiction is influenced more by the psychosocial environment than the drug itself, with factors such as mental illness, unrealistic expectations, lack of responsibility, and loss of standing in the community being more significant.', 'Supports the legalization and regulation of certain drugs, emphasizing the importance of responsible drug use and education, and draws parallels to the regulation of alcohol to minimize potential harms.', 'Stresses the importance of educating individuals about the effects of drugs on sleep, food intake, and overall health to promote responsible drug use.']}, {'end': 2711.801, 'segs': [{'end': 1990.802, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1961.009, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1963.752, 'text': "we wouldn't be arresting anybody for drugs anymore.", 'start': 1961.009, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 1964.753, 'text': 'That would go away.', 'start': 1963.832, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 1969.254, 'text': 'Um, the folks who are in prison for drugs, that would go away.', 'start': 1965.673, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 1972.175, 'text': 'Their records would be a sponge that would just go away.', 'start': 1969.314, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 1982.339, 'text': 'Uh, and then we work on a system, um, to make sure that, uh, responsible adults can legally attain, obtain these substances.', 'start': 1972.195, 'duration': 10.144}, {'end': 1987.021, 'text': 'Uh, and we will have a corresponding educational system to teach people how to do this.', 'start': 1982.719, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 1990.802, 'text': "Um, uh, that's where I would start initially.", 'start': 1987.961, 'duration': 2.841}], 'summary': 'Proposal to decriminalize drugs, release prisoners, and establish a legal system for substance acquisition and education.', 'duration': 29.793, 'max_score': 1961.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1961009.jpg'}, {'end': 2192.162, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2157.586, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2158.907, 'text': 'I acknowledge that in the book.', 'start': 2157.586, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 2164.99, 'text': 'But the fact remains, the beneficial effects far outweigh the potential harmful effects.', 'start': 2160.147, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 2172.134, 'text': 'And we have technology information to help people to minimize the likelihood of those negative effects.', 'start': 2165.691, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 2183.299, 'text': "this sort of approach that we have where we say we're only exclusively presenting the harmful effects and that should keep people safe.", 'start': 2173.075, 'duration': 10.224}, {'end': 2185.42, 'text': 'I just have a problem with that.', 'start': 2183.779, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 2192.162, 'text': 'But I certainly, I take the point that people say there are negative effects.', 'start': 2185.48, 'duration': 6.682}], 'summary': 'Beneficial effects outweigh potential harm, technology helps minimize negative effects.', 'duration': 34.576, 'max_score': 2157.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2157586.jpg'}, {'end': 2592.997, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2550.782, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2551.882, 'text': "That doesn't make any sense.", 'start': 2550.782, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 2557.984, 'text': 'But in our society, judges even sentence people to go to AA.', 'start': 2551.962, 'duration': 6.022}, {'end': 2559.865, 'text': 'Are you kidding me??', 'start': 2559.065, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 2570.617, 'text': "uh, but, but that's the kind of thing that has been allowed to happen in this society, because we think of drugs as this moral failing,", 'start': 2560.525, 'duration': 10.092}, {'end': 2573.761, 'text': 'or drug drug addiction as this moral failing.', 'start': 2570.617, 'duration': 3.144}, {'end': 2582.87, 'text': 'um, and any idiot can provide treatment and um, and no disrespect to aa, because i think what they do is a lot more than what some people do,', 'start': 2573.761, 'duration': 9.109}, {'end': 2587.413, 'text': 'because at least they have these social interactions.', 'start': 2582.87, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 2589.234, 'text': 'You have a social group.', 'start': 2587.453, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 2592.997, 'text': "That's better than what a lot of these other idiots out here do.", 'start': 2589.695, 'duration': 3.302}], 'summary': "Judges sentencing people to aa reflects society's view on drug addiction as a moral failing, but aa's social interactions provide valuable support.", 'duration': 42.215, 'max_score': 2550.782, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2550782.jpg'}], 'start': 1839.676, 'title': 'Impact of war on drugs and rethinking drug policy', 'summary': 'Discusses the wide-ranging impacts of the war on drugs, benefitting various entities, while negatively affecting many in society. it also advocates for the decriminalization of drug use, promoting responsible use, and challenging traditional addiction treatment methods, emphasizing the need for education and responsible use.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1917.739, 'start': 1839.676, 'title': 'Impact of the war on drugs', 'summary': 'Highlights how the war on drugs has benefited law enforcement, media, tv shows, treatment providers, urine testing companies, prison operators, phone companies, hotels, restaurants, and politicians, while many in society are negatively impacted.', 'duration': 78.063, 'highlights': ['The war on drugs has been hugely beneficial to various sectors including law enforcement, media, TV shows, treatment providers, urine testing companies, prison operators, phone companies, hotels, restaurants, and politicians, while negatively impacting many in society.', 'Many sectors such as law enforcement, media, TV shows, treatment providers, urine testing companies, prison operators, phone companies, hotels, and restaurants have benefited financially from the war on drugs, while society as a whole is negatively impacted.', 'Politicians also benefit from the war on drugs, highlighting the disparity in who benefits from the war on drugs and who is negatively impacted in society.']}, {'end': 2711.801, 'start': 1918.079, 'title': 'Rethinking drug policy and addiction', 'summary': 'Advocates for decriminalizing drug use, emphasizing the benefits of certain drugs, and highlights the need for education and responsible use, while challenging the traditional approach to addiction treatment and alcoholics anonymous.', 'duration': 793.722, 'highlights': ['The chapter advocates for decriminalizing drug use and erasing drug-related criminal records, while emphasizing the benefits of certain drugs and the need for responsible use and education. The speaker proposes to stop arresting individuals for drug use, erase drug-related prison sentences, and establish a system for responsible adults to legally obtain and use drugs while implementing an educational program to promote responsible use.', 'The speaker challenges the traditional approach to drug use by emphasizing the beneficial effects of certain drugs and criticizing the disproportionate focus on their harmful effects. The speaker criticizes the disproportionate focus on the harmful effects of drugs and advocates for a more balanced approach that acknowledges the beneficial outcomes of specific drugs, arguing that the beneficial effects far outweigh the potential harmful effects.', 'The speaker questions the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous as a treatment for drug addiction and emphasizes the need for a more informed and specialized approach to drug treatment. The speaker criticizes the use of Alcoholics Anonymous as a treatment for drug addiction, stating that it lacks expertise in drug treatment and argues for a more informed and specialized approach to address drug-related problems.', 'The chapter discusses the unique therapeutic experiences offered by certain drugs, such as ayahuasca and psilocybin, and emphasizes the potential positive effects of these substances. The speaker highlights the unique therapeutic experiences offered by certain drugs, such as ayahuasca and psilocybin, and emphasizes their potential positive effects in addressing personal problems and promoting healing.']}], 'duration': 872.125, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A1839676.jpg', 'highlights': ['The war on drugs has been hugely beneficial to various sectors including law enforcement, media, TV shows, treatment providers, urine testing companies, prison operators, phone companies, hotels, restaurants, and politicians, while negatively impacting many in society.', 'The chapter advocates for decriminalizing drug use and erasing drug-related criminal records, while emphasizing the benefits of certain drugs and the need for responsible use and education.', 'The speaker challenges the traditional approach to drug use by emphasizing the beneficial effects of certain drugs and criticizing the disproportionate focus on their harmful effects.', 'The speaker questions the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous as a treatment for drug addiction and emphasizes the need for a more informed and specialized approach to drug treatment.', 'The chapter discusses the unique therapeutic experiences offered by certain drugs, such as ayahuasca and psilocybin, and emphasizes the potential positive effects of these substances.']}, {'end': 3180.978, 'segs': [{'end': 2802.468, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2773.051, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2776.633, 'text': 'It all depends on the activity of the person before they take the drug.', 'start': 2773.051, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 2780.156, 'text': "I remember, I don't know if you know Matthew Johnson is- Of course.", 'start': 2776.913, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 2782.904, 'text': 'did all these studies on?', 'start': 2781.664, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 2785.205, 'text': 'uh, or i remember just reading a paper.', 'start': 2782.904, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2790.786, 'text': "i didn't get a chance to talk with him much about it, but it was about condom use and cocaine.", 'start': 2785.205, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 2792.126, 'text': 'and then you know what.', 'start': 2790.786, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 2802.468, 'text': 'like the doses and whether people are more or less likely like the unsafe thing there is the using or not using or not using, i guess, uh.', 'start': 2792.126, 'duration': 10.342}], 'summary': 'Matthew johnson conducted studies on condom use and cocaine, examining the impact of doses on unsafe behaviors.', 'duration': 29.417, 'max_score': 2773.051, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2773051.jpg'}, {'end': 2866.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2838.255, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2849.401, 'text': 'Like in our studies, we have people sometimes in groups and you see how well they get along on the various drug conditions or placebo conditions.', 'start': 2838.255, 'duration': 11.146}, {'end': 2852.142, 'text': "It's really, it's not that difficult.", 'start': 2850.061, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 2856.002, 'text': 'And then you can see these amazing studies with, like Rick Doblin,', 'start': 2852.381, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 2866.445, 'text': 'like looking at MDMA and combined with therapy like how you can overcome certain PTSD things or depression, and so on.', 'start': 2856.002, 'duration': 10.443}], 'summary': 'Studying group dynamics and drug effects on ptsd and depression with mdma therapy.', 'duration': 28.19, 'max_score': 2838.255, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2838255.jpg'}, {'end': 3082.937, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2986.868, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2988.028, 'text': 'i loved all those movies.', 'start': 2986.868, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 2988.749, 'text': "i'm from miami.", 'start': 2988.028, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 2990.17, 'text': 'i loved scarface.', 'start': 2988.749, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 2995.173, 'text': "i even liked the sopranos that i started looking at that with a critical eye and see what it's doing.", 'start': 2990.17, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 3006.339, 'text': 'yeah, um, but scarface is dependent upon the american viewer having a certain view of people who deal in drugs,', 'start': 2995.173, 'duration': 11.166}, {'end': 3016.663, 'text': 'and that view is that these people are animals basically, and in the end, uh, the animal kills himself with too much cocaine and he was high,', 'start': 3006.339, 'duration': 10.324}, {'end': 3017.964, 'text': "and that's what they show.", 'start': 3016.663, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3024.126, 'text': "and so it's like what the so it's leveraging is playing into.", 'start': 3017.964, 'duration': 6.162}, {'end': 3033.632, 'text': "not the better angels of our nature, Don't take away these great movies from me.", 'start': 3024.126, 'duration': 9.506}, {'end': 3034.913, 'text': "But it's true.", 'start': 3034.172, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 3036.975, 'text': 'You have to think about them critically in this context.', 'start': 3034.933, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 3038.256, 'text': 'Wait, wait, wait.', 'start': 3036.995, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 3039.738, 'text': 'I like these movies.', 'start': 3039.017, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 3041.099, 'text': "It's not a matter of taking them away.", 'start': 3039.798, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3046.945, 'text': "It's a matter of making the writers be more honest to the reality.", 'start': 3041.279, 'duration': 5.666}, {'end': 3047.445, 'text': "That's it.", 'start': 3047.065, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 3048.126, 'text': "That's true.", 'start': 3047.465, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 3049.167, 'text': "That's really true.", 'start': 3048.526, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 3052.01, 'text': 'And the writers, the people, the culture, all of it.', 'start': 3049.527, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 3053.711, 'text': 'I mean, they write these things.', 'start': 3052.35, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 3056.994, 'text': 'I just think about some hip hop artists.', 'start': 3054.512, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 3058.675, 'text': 'They say like, this is real.', 'start': 3057.014, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3061.157, 'text': 'This is my experience and so forth.', 'start': 3058.695, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 3065.921, 'text': "And that's how these movie writers, they write this bullshit and then say, well, this is real.", 'start': 3061.357, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 3072.847, 'text': "Anyway, I get so upset talking about it because I know the harm it's doing.", 'start': 3067.582, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 3077.872, 'text': 'And I know those kind of movies are the reason that we have this war on drugs.', 'start': 3073.248, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 3082.937, 'text': 'And all of these people are going to jail because of those kind of movies.', 'start': 3079.053, 'duration': 3.884}], 'summary': 'Discussion on the negative impact of drug-themed movies on society and the war on drugs.', 'duration': 96.069, 'max_score': 2986.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2986868.jpg'}], 'start': 2712.581, 'title': 'Drug impact and perception', 'summary': "Discusses the influence of different drugs on individuals' experiences, including effects of drugs like cocaine and mdma on conditions like ptsd and depression. it also explores how movies like the godfather and scarface shape perceptions of drug use and contribute to the war on drugs, affecting global communities.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2866.445, 'start': 2712.581, 'title': 'Impact of different drugs on experience', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of different drugs on individuals' experiences, highlighting the influence of environmental factors, individual activity, and scientific studies on the effects of drugs, such as cocaine and mdma, on conditions like ptsd and depression.", 'duration': 153.864, 'highlights': ["The influence of the environment on the actual experience of using different substances is emphasized, suggesting that the environment has a strong impact on the individual's experience. The environment plays a significant role in shaping the experience of using different substances, indicating the strong impact of environmental factors on the actual experience.", 'The impact of individual activity before taking drugs is discussed, revealing that the activity of the person can determine the effects of substances like cocaine, contradicting the traditional classification of drugs as uppers or downers. Individual activity before drug consumption can affect the effects of substances like cocaine, challenging the traditional classification of drugs as uppers or downers.', 'The positive effects of drugs, such as euphoria and improved social interactions, are mentioned, indicating that these effects can be quantified through self-report and observations in group settings. Positive effects of drugs, including euphoria and enhanced social interactions, can be quantified through self-report and observations in group settings, providing insights into the impact of drugs on individuals.', 'The scientific studies on the effects of drugs like MDMA combined with therapy for conditions like PTSD and depression are highlighted, showcasing the potential for overcoming these mental health challenges. Scientific studies on the effects of drugs like MDMA combined with therapy for conditions like PTSD and depression demonstrate the potential for addressing these mental health challenges, offering hope for therapeutic advancements.']}, {'end': 3180.978, 'start': 2867.145, 'title': 'Impact of movies on drug perception', 'summary': 'Delves into the societal impact of movies like the godfather and scarface on drug perception, highlighting how they denigrate drug users and contribute to the war on drugs, ultimately affecting global communities and shaping perceptions of drug use.', 'duration': 313.833, 'highlights': ['Movies like The Godfather and Scarface denigrate drug users, contributing to the war on drugs and impacting global communities. The discussion emphasizes how these movies denigrate drug users, contributing to the societal perception of drug use and impacting global communities.', 'The societal impact of movies on drug perception and the war on drugs, leading to the neglect of real societal problems such as clean drinking water and job opportunities. The conversation sheds light on how movies contribute to the neglect of real societal issues, such as clean drinking water and job opportunities, by shifting blame onto drug-related problems.', 'The interconnectedness of societal suffering due to political neglect, as evidenced in regions like Northern Ireland, West Virginia, and Sapporo, Brazil. The interconnected suffering in regions like Northern Ireland, West Virginia, and Sapporo, Brazil highlights the impact of political neglect and misinformation on various communities.']}], 'duration': 468.397, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A2712581.jpg', 'highlights': ['Scientific studies on the effects of drugs like MDMA combined with therapy for conditions like PTSD and depression demonstrate the potential for addressing these mental health challenges, offering hope for therapeutic advancements.', 'The environment plays a significant role in shaping the experience of using different substances, indicating the strong impact of environmental factors on the actual experience.', 'Individual activity before drug consumption can affect the effects of substances like cocaine, challenging the traditional classification of drugs as uppers or downers.', 'Positive effects of drugs, including euphoria and enhanced social interactions, can be quantified through self-report and observations in group settings, providing insights into the impact of drugs on individuals.', 'The interconnected suffering in regions like Northern Ireland, West Virginia, and Sapporo, Brazil highlights the impact of political neglect and misinformation on various communities.', 'The discussion emphasizes how movies denigrate drug users, contributing to the societal perception of drug use and impacting global communities.', 'The conversation sheds light on how movies contribute to the neglect of real societal issues, such as clean drinking water and job opportunities, by shifting blame onto drug-related problems.']}, {'end': 3691.521, 'segs': [{'end': 3273.462, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3245.221, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3248.043, 'text': 'My grandmother was really important.', 'start': 3245.221, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 3252.525, 'text': 'So maybe just her trying to make sure that I think critically.', 'start': 3248.643, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 3254.506, 'text': "I guess that's the biggest one.", 'start': 3253.326, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 3257.968, 'text': 'So you moved in with her, your parents split.', 'start': 3255.627, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 3260.457, 'text': 'Six, seven, yeah.', 'start': 3259.497, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 3270.041, 'text': 'What have you learned about life from her? Be self-sufficient, be critical, and keep your eyes open, and watch out for the okey-doke.', 'start': 3260.918, 'duration': 9.123}, {'end': 3273.462, 'text': "And that's what this whole drug thing is about.", 'start': 3270.841, 'duration': 2.621}], 'summary': 'Grandmother emphasized critical thinking and self-sufficiency, impacting life lessons.', 'duration': 28.241, 'max_score': 3245.221, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3245221.jpg'}, {'end': 3390.22, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3359.74, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3362.72, 'text': 'And then looking in the mirror, I have to face myself.', 'start': 3359.74, 'duration': 2.98}, {'end': 3375.326, 'text': "Have I lived honestly? And if I can't face myself, then what am I doing here? You know, that's how I see it.", 'start': 3363.441, 'duration': 11.885}, {'end': 3380.911, 'text': "One of the things that people don't really talk about.", 'start': 3376.147, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 3390.22, 'text': "with drugs and people who die from some drug-related death and I've been thinking about this a whole lot over the past couple years it's like", 'start': 3380.911, 'duration': 9.309}], 'summary': 'Reflection on living honestly and drug-related deaths.', 'duration': 30.48, 'max_score': 3359.74, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3359740.jpg'}, {'end': 3505.625, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3477.132, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3479.975, 'text': 'uh, relationships, uh, can be better.', 'start': 3477.132, 'duration': 2.843}, {'end': 3484.839, 'text': 'um, a wide range of beneficial effects.', 'start': 3479.975, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 3490.124, 'text': 'people would be, or can learn to be, more magnanimous.', 'start': 3484.839, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 3493.688, 'text': 'um, all of these pro-social things that we say we value.', 'start': 3490.124, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 3500.142, 'text': 'In your previous book, High Price, you talk about rap and DJing, chapter five.', 'start': 3495.7, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 3505.625, 'text': "There's a nice picture of you DJing from 1983.", 'start': 3500.162, 'duration': 5.463}], 'summary': 'Improving relationships can lead to pro-social benefits and increased magnanimity.', 'duration': 28.493, 'max_score': 3477.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3477132.jpg'}, {'end': 3620.635, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3592.813, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3595.535, 'text': "yeah, i mean i really love what they're doing.", 'start': 3592.813, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 3601.64, 'text': 'i like what they accept, the part where they get over 40 and they become cops on tv.', 'start': 3595.535, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 3603.541, 'text': 'i mean, other than that, i dig what.', 'start': 3601.64, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3605.463, 'text': "what's that about?", 'start': 3603.541, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 3608.725, 'text': "yeah, i don't understand that, you know, but that's what they do again.", 'start': 3605.463, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 3615.571, 'text': "those, uh, this sort of glory, glorification of cops, uh, that's dangerous for a society.", 'start': 3608.725, 'duration': 6.846}, {'end': 3618.993, 'text': 'uh. and and those cats who do that kind of thing?', 'start': 3615.571, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 3620.635, 'text': 'you know, i have a problem with that.', 'start': 3618.993, 'duration': 1.642}], 'summary': 'Concern over glorification of cops on tv, dangerous for society.', 'duration': 27.822, 'max_score': 3592.813, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3592813.jpg'}], 'start': 3182.139, 'title': 'Drug impact and embracing similarity', 'summary': 'Delves into the scapegoating of drugs for societal failures, emphasizing the impact of subjugation, and advocating for critical thinking. it also explores embracing drug use for positive impact and challenging conventional wisdom for a more open-minded approach.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3273.462, 'start': 3182.139, 'title': 'Impact of drugs and subjugation', 'summary': 'Discusses the scapegoating of drugs for societal failures, emphasizing the impact of subjugation and the importance of critical thinking and self-sufficiency, with a focus on the suffering of communities and the futility of militarized solutions.', 'duration': 91.323, 'highlights': ['The scapegoating of drugs for societal failures is emphasized, with a focus on the impact of subjugation and suffering in communities.', "The importance of critical thinking and self-sufficiency is highlighted, particularly influenced by the speaker's grandmother.", 'The futility of militarized solutions for societal problems, such as the issue of drugs, is emphasized.']}, {'end': 3691.521, 'start': 3273.582, 'title': 'Embracing similarity and challenging convention', 'summary': 'Discusses the similarities in human desires and the need to embrace drug use for positive impact, while challenging the glorification of law enforcement and conventional wisdom, advocating for a more open-minded approach.', 'duration': 417.939, 'highlights': ['The need to embrace drug use for positive impact and challenge conventional wisdom. The author advocates for celebrating the desire for pleasure and the potential of drugs to elevate the human spirit and contribute positively to society.', 'Challenging the glorification of law enforcement and the power structure. The chapter critiques the glorification of law enforcement on television and directs criticism towards the power structure that dictates their actions, emphasizing the need for a more open-minded approach.', 'Recognition of similarities in human desires and challenges. The discussion emphasizes the fundamental similarity in human desires and the need to care for our families, challenging the belief in inherent differences among individuals.']}], 'duration': 509.382, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3182139.jpg', 'highlights': ['The need to embrace drug use for positive impact and challenge conventional wisdom. The author advocates for celebrating the desire for pleasure and the potential of drugs to elevate the human spirit and contribute positively to society.', 'The scapegoating of drugs for societal failures is emphasized, with a focus on the impact of subjugation and suffering in communities.', "The importance of critical thinking and self-sufficiency is highlighted, particularly influenced by the speaker's grandmother.", 'Recognition of similarities in human desires and challenges. The discussion emphasizes the fundamental similarity in human desires and the need to care for our families, challenging the belief in inherent differences among individuals.', 'The futility of militarized solutions for societal problems, such as the issue of drugs, is emphasized.', 'Challenging the glorification of law enforcement and the power structure. The chapter critiques the glorification of law enforcement on television and directs criticism towards the power structure that dictates their actions, emphasizing the need for a more open-minded approach.']}, {'end': 4254.018, 'segs': [{'end': 3809.788, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3772.843, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3787.066, 'text': 'I have really learned how to be more forgiving of people and myself and tolerant, more tolerant of people,', 'start': 3772.843, 'duration': 14.223}, {'end': 3793.508, 'text': 'and certainly learned a lot more about empathy as a result of drug use.', 'start': 3787.066, 'duration': 6.442}, {'end': 3806.767, 'text': "And like I said earlier, I'm learning what we can be as a species, and it's quite incredible, but because of drugs.", 'start': 3796.129, 'duration': 10.638}, {'end': 3809.788, 'text': "Yeah, there's a certain property of drugs in different ways.", 'start': 3807.486, 'duration': 2.302}], 'summary': 'Developed increased forgiveness, tolerance, and empathy due to drug use.', 'duration': 36.945, 'max_score': 3772.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3772843.jpg'}, {'end': 4131.397, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4077.21, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4082.756, 'text': "Do you think this life has meaning? What do you think is the meaning of life? I'm sorry.", 'start': 4077.21, 'duration': 5.546}, {'end': 4084.558, 'text': 'I certainly hope it has meaning.', 'start': 4082.776, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 4088.501, 'text': "i'm certainly trying to live mine like it has, meaning.", 'start': 4085.919, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 4089.482, 'text': 'you know.', 'start': 4088.501, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 4092.305, 'text': 'um, i really love my life now.', 'start': 4089.482, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 4094.506, 'text': 'i just got back from geneva.', 'start': 4092.305, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4105.435, 'text': 'um, i spent the summer abroad in europe and trying to be in a more civilized place where you can enjoy yourself as a responsible adult,', 'start': 4094.506, 'duration': 10.929}, {'end': 4108.578, 'text': 'and then it allowed me to decompress and then come back here.', 'start': 4105.435, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 4113.002, 'text': 'um, the thing about coming back here is that you, You have to be ready to fight.', 'start': 4108.578, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 4115.064, 'text': "And I don't want to fight anymore.", 'start': 4113.261, 'duration': 1.803}, {'end': 4119.227, 'text': 'I just want to be able to help a society and people.', 'start': 4115.084, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 4128.194, 'text': "And so I'll have to keep a place in Europe to go and decompress and then come back to be able to tolerate the situation.", 'start': 4120.068, 'duration': 8.126}, {'end': 4131.397, 'text': 'So life for me has a lot of meaning.', 'start': 4128.234, 'duration': 3.163}], 'summary': 'Life has meaning, enjoying life in europe, wanting to help society, and finding meaning in life.', 'duration': 54.187, 'max_score': 4077.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A4077210.jpg'}], 'start': 3692.213, 'title': 'Understanding the mind and living a meaningful life', 'summary': 'Delves into neurochemical insights and the impact of drugs on empathy and self-evaluation, emphasizing their potential for understanding consciousness. it also explores the significance of finding joy, challenging societal norms, and advocating for honesty in leading a meaningful and happy life.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3923.245, 'start': 3692.213, 'title': 'Understanding the mind through drugs', 'summary': 'Discusses the insights gained about the human mind, including neurochemical learnings and the impact of drugs on empathy and self-evaluation, highlighting the potential of drugs as tools for understanding consciousness.', 'duration': 231.032, 'highlights': ["Studying drugs has provided insights into neuroscience, particularly in understanding neurotransmission and the brain's regions affected by dopamine and neuroprinephrine, offering valuable lessons in neurochemistry.", "The use of drugs has led to increased empathy, forgiveness, and tolerance towards others, as well as a greater understanding of the human mind's potential, demonstrating the impact of drugs on emotional intelligence and self-awareness.", 'The chapter emphasizes the potential of drugs as tools for understanding consciousness, particularly in the context of engineering robots with elements of intelligence, emotion, and consciousness, highlighting the limitations imposed by political factors on exploring these ideas.', 'The discussion also addresses the negative portrayal of certain drugs in popular culture and the impact of political constraints on accessing and studying drugs, underscoring the societal and economic dimensions of the illicit drug trade.']}, {'end': 4254.018, 'start': 3924.106, 'title': 'Living a meaningful life', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of knowing one's craft, finding joy in life, and challenging societal conventions to lead a meaningful and happy life, while advocating for honesty and authenticity.", 'duration': 329.912, 'highlights': ["Advocating for knowing one's craft and being the best at it to serve society and avoid societal collapse. Carl emphasizes the importance of knowing one's craft and being the best at it to serve society, as a fair number of people not knowledgeable in their craft holding positions of power can lead to societal collapse.", 'Encouraging people to pursue something they enjoy and that brings them happiness for the betterment of society. Carl encourages people to pursue something they enjoy and that brings them happiness, as a greater number of happy people in society leads to overall societal improvement.', 'Emphasizing the pursuit of happiness and the enjoyment of life, even while facing societal challenges. Carl expresses his enjoyment of life and the pursuit of happiness, even in the face of challenges, and the need to find joy and meaning in life.']}], 'duration': 561.805, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/3LWNY70Oj4A/pics/3LWNY70Oj4A3692213.jpg', 'highlights': ['Studying drugs offers valuable lessons in neurochemistry and understanding neurotransmission.', 'Drugs impact empathy, forgiveness, and emotional intelligence, demonstrating their effect on self-awareness.', 'Drugs have potential for understanding consciousness and engineering robots with elements of intelligence and emotion.', 'The negative portrayal of drugs in popular culture and political constraints affect drug access and study.']}], 'highlights': ['Carl Hart challenges misconceptions about drug addiction, emphasizing co-occurring psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic factors.', 'The predominant effects of the drugs discussed are overwhelmingly positive, including increased altruism, empathy, euphoria, focus, gratitude, tranquility, enhanced social interactions, a sense of purpose and meaning, and improved sexual intimacy and performance.', 'The fear of societal judgment discourages adults from openly discussing their experiences with drug use.', 'The war on drugs has been hugely beneficial to various sectors including law enforcement, media, TV shows, treatment providers, urine testing companies, prison operators, phone companies, hotels, restaurants, and politicians, while negatively impacting many in society.', 'Scientific studies on the effects of drugs like MDMA combined with therapy for conditions like PTSD and depression demonstrate the potential for addressing these mental health challenges, offering hope for therapeutic advancements.', 'The need to embrace drug use for positive impact and challenge conventional wisdom. The author advocates for celebrating the desire for pleasure and the potential of drugs to elevate the human spirit and contribute positively to society.', 'Studying drugs offers valuable lessons in neurochemistry and understanding neurotransmission.', 'Drugs impact empathy, forgiveness, and emotional intelligence, demonstrating their effect on self-awareness.']}