title
PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners | Learn PostgreSQL | Introduction to PostgreSQL | Edureka

description
** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba ** This Edureka video on PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners (blog: http://bit.ly/33GN7jQ) will help you learn PostgreSQL in depth. You will also learn how to install postgresql on windows. The following topics will be covered in this session: 1:46 What is DBMS 4:16 What is SQL? 5:22 What is PostgreSQL? 6:16 Features of PostgreSQL 8:56 Install PostgreSQL 15:54 SQL Command Categories 17:26 DDL Commands 22:46 ER Diagram 33:22 Entity & Attributes 42:27 Keys in Database 45:46 Constraints in Database 52:36 Normalization 58:21 DML Commands 1:17:30 Operators 1:18:21 Nested Queries 1:19:26 Set Operations 1:20:36 Special Operators 1:22:56 Aggregate Functions 1:23:41 Limit, Offset & Fetch 1:46:48 Joins 1:50:50 Views 1:54:28 Procedures 1:58:35 Triggers 2:05:12 DCL Commands 2:07:45 TCL Commands 2:10:46 Export/ Import Data 2:11:51 UUID Datatype Subscribe to our channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV Join Edureka’s Meetup community and never miss any event – YouTube Live, Webinars, Workshops, etc. https://bit.ly/2EfTXS1 #edureka #edurekasql #postgresql #postgresqltutorial #postgresql -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/edurekaIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How does it work? 1. This is a 4 Week Instructor-led Online Course. 2. The course consists of 24 hours of online classes, 25 hours of assignment, 20 hours of project 3. We have a 24x7 One-on-One LIVE Technical Support to help you with any problems you might face or any clarifications you may require during the course. 4. You will get Lifetime Access to the recordings in the LMS. 5. At the end of the training, you will have to complete the project based on which we will provide you with a Verifiable Certificate! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course MySQL DBA Certification Training trains you on the core concepts & advanced tools and techniques to manage data and administer the MySQL Database. It includes hands-on learning on concepts like MySQL Workbench, MySQL Server, Data Modeling, MySQL Connector, Database Design, MySQL Command line, MySQL Functions, etc. End of the training you will be able to create and administer your own MySQL Database and manage data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Who should go for this course? This course can be beneficial for people having the below professional background: Database Developers Application Developers Database Designers Database Administrators - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Project In the project you will be creating a Database using MySQL on SALARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:- • Employee list to be maintained having id, name, designation, experience • Salary details having employee id, current salary • Salary in hand details having employee id, CTC salary, pf deduction or any other deduction and net salary to be given and also maintain details of total savings of employee • Salary increment to be given by next year if any depending upon constraints • Deduction in monthly salary if any depending upon any discrepancy in work and amount to be deducted. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Got a question on the topic? Please share it in the comment section below and our experts will answer it for you. For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.in or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll-free).

detail
{'title': 'PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners | Learn PostgreSQL | Introduction to PostgreSQL | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 979.23, 'start': 808.454, 'weight': 0.853}, {'end': 1378.793, 'start': 1047.486, 'weight': 0.833}, {'end': 2268.655, 'start': 2184.903, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 3081.396, 'start': 2991.421, 'weight': 0.722}], 'summary': 'This postgresql tutorial for beginners covers database management systems, installation on windows, entity relationship diagrams, database normalization, sql query operations, joins, procedures, triggers, and transaction commands, providing a comprehensive understanding of sql basics and postgresql usage with practical examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 100.589, 'segs': [{'end': 47.288, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25.706, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 34.553, 'text': "I can guarantee you the fact that you know you'll get a complete understanding of different concepts and the commands that you can use to start using and playing with your data in the databases,", 'start': 25.706, 'duration': 8.847}, {'end': 35.294, 'text': 'in Postgres SQL.', 'start': 34.553, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 40.119, 'text': "So without wasting any further time, let's take a look at the topics for today's session.", 'start': 36.034, 'duration': 4.085}, {'end': 47.288, 'text': "So the start today's session by understanding what is database management systems and then what exactly is sequel after that.", 'start': 40.46, 'duration': 6.828}], 'summary': 'Guaranteed complete understanding of postgres sql concepts and commands for data manipulation.', 'duration': 21.582, 'max_score': 25.706, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y25706.jpg'}], 'start': 11.414, 'title': 'Postgres sql basics', 'summary': 'Covers postgres sql basics, including database management systems, sql commands, and various concepts such as entity relationship diagrams, operators, and aggregate functions, providing a complete understanding of different concepts and commands.', 'chapters': [{'end': 100.589, 'start': 11.414, 'title': 'Postgres sql tutorial for beginners', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of postgres sql, including database management systems, sql commands, and various concepts such as entity relationship diagrams, operators, aggregate functions, and more, with the guarantee of providing a complete understanding of different concepts and commands.', 'duration': 89.175, 'highlights': ['The chapter guarantees a complete understanding of different concepts and commands in Postgres SQL.', 'The session covers topics like database management systems, SQL commands, and various other concepts.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of subscribing to the Edureka YouTube channel for staying updated on top trending technologies.']}], 'duration': 89.175, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y11414.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter guarantees a complete understanding of different concepts and commands in Postgres SQL.', 'The session covers topics like database management systems, SQL commands, and various other concepts.']}, {'end': 533.414, 'segs': [{'end': 129.115, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 101.11, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 105.572, 'text': "So now on that note, let's get started with the first topic for today's session.", 'start': 101.11, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 108.213, 'text': 'That is what is database management system.', 'start': 105.892, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 111.616, 'text': 'Now, all of you might be very familiar with the term data, right?', 'start': 108.773, 'duration': 2.843}, {'end': 112.778, 'text': 'We all know that.', 'start': 111.997, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 118.143, 'text': 'you know around 2.5 Quinton bytes of data gets generated every day, either based on your social media,', 'start': 112.778, 'duration': 5.365}, {'end': 121.927, 'text': "or maybe you're working in a company enterprises or maybe on an individual basis.", 'start': 118.143, 'duration': 3.784}, {'end': 122.488, 'text': 'also, right?', 'start': 121.927, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 125.351, 'text': "There's so much of amount of data present every day.", 'start': 122.868, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 129.115, 'text': 'But how do you think all this data gets managed and where do you store these data?', 'start': 125.391, 'duration': 3.724}], 'summary': 'Database management system handles 2.5 quinton bytes of data generated daily.', 'duration': 28.005, 'max_score': 101.11, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y101110.jpg'}, {'end': 184.933, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 156.317, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 160.46, 'text': 'the hierarchical database management systems, the network database management systems,', 'start': 156.317, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 164.763, 'text': 'the relational database management systems and the object-oriented database management systems.', 'start': 160.46, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 167.703, 'text': 'Now talking about hierarchical database management systems.', 'start': 165.402, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 170.185, 'text': 'So in the hierarchical database management system,', 'start': 168.043, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 176.068, 'text': 'what happens is that all the data is present in an article form so you can understand with the help of a flow chart.', 'start': 170.185, 'duration': 5.883}, {'end': 184.933, 'text': "Maybe or you know you understand the term for article right you have a and then maybe the node a can have two more child's and maybe those two child's can have further lot of data right?", 'start': 176.108, 'duration': 8.825}], 'summary': 'Hierarchical database management systems store data in an article form with a tree-like structure.', 'duration': 28.616, 'max_score': 156.317, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y156317.jpg'}, {'end': 345.724, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 316.329, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 322.032, 'text': "So now that you know, what exactly is sequel? Let's look into the main topic for today's session.", 'start': 316.329, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 324.833, 'text': 'That is what is Postgres SQL now.', 'start': 322.172, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 332.597, 'text': 'Postgres SQL is an open-source object relational database system with the 30 plus years of active development in the industry.', 'start': 324.833, 'duration': 7.764}, {'end': 339.781, 'text': 'So, basically, if you have to understand Postgres SQL, guys, a Postgres SQL is basically a programming language, or maybe you can understand that.', 'start': 332.997, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 345.724, 'text': 'you know a language to which you can handle open-source relational database systems and then handle databases.', 'start': 339.781, 'duration': 5.943}], 'summary': 'Postgres sql is an open-source relational database system with 30+ years of active development.', 'duration': 29.395, 'max_score': 316.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y316329.jpg'}, {'end': 464.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 441.127, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 449.929, 'text': 'various constraints and keys used in databases, like primary key, foreign keys, exclusion constraints, unique constraints, explicit locks and so on,', 'start': 441.127, 'duration': 8.802}, {'end': 452.969, 'text': "right?. So that's how, basically, your data Integrity is met.", 'start': 449.929, 'duration': 3.04}, {'end': 454.93, 'text': 'coming to the next feature, that is performance', 'start': 452.969, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 458.692, 'text': "Now. performance is something that's very important to all of us, right,", 'start': 455.51, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 464.516, 'text': 'because all of us want a good performance for any action that we do in industry basis right now,', 'start': 458.692, 'duration': 5.824}], 'summary': 'Database constraints and keys ensure data integrity. performance is crucial for any industry action.', 'duration': 23.389, 'max_score': 441.127, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y441127.jpg'}, {'end': 499.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 476.227, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 483.889, 'text': 'We have various features, like you know indexing or maybe sophisticated query planner, multi-version concurrency, control, table partitioning,', 'start': 476.227, 'duration': 7.662}, {'end': 487.01, 'text': 'just-in-time compilation of expressions and so on.', 'start': 483.889, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 489.711, 'text': 'now moving on to the next feature, that is reliability.', 'start': 487.01, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 493.772, 'text': 'now, Postgres SQL also proves itself in the factor of reliability.', 'start': 489.711, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 499.673, 'text': 'that is because you know it has various functionalities like right ahead logging, replication, point-in-time recovery,', 'start': 493.772, 'duration': 5.901}], 'summary': 'Postgres sql offers various features including indexing, query planner, multi-version concurrency control, and reliability with functionalities like right ahead logging, replication, and point-in-time recovery.', 'duration': 23.446, 'max_score': 476.227, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y476227.jpg'}], 'start': 101.11, 'title': 'Database management systems and postgres sql', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of database management systems, covering the staggering amount of daily data generation and the four main types of database management systems. it also delves into postgres sql, highlighting its 30+ years of active development and discussing its features such as data types, data integrity, performance, reliability, security, and extensibility.', 'chapters': [{'end': 255.443, 'start': 101.11, 'title': 'Database management systems overview', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of database management systems, highlighting the staggering amount of data generated daily and the four main types of database management systems, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented, providing a comprehensive understanding of their structures and functions.', 'duration': 154.333, 'highlights': ['Around 2.5 Quinton bytes of data gets generated every day, either based on social media, company enterprises, or individual activities, necessitating robust database management systems for efficient data storage and management. Highlighting the immense volume of data generated daily, emphasizing the need for effective database management systems.', 'Explains the four main types of database management systems: hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented, providing a detailed understanding of their structures and functions. Describing the four main types of database management systems and their respective structures and functions, offering a comprehensive overview of database management systems.', 'Hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented database management systems are detailed, providing insights into their unique structures and modes of data organization. Detailing the unique structures and data organization methods of the four main types of database management systems, offering in-depth insights into their functionalities.']}, {'end': 533.414, 'start': 255.843, 'title': 'Understanding postgres sql', 'summary': 'Introduces sql as a standardized programming language for managing relational databases, and then delves into the topic of postgres sql, highlighting it as an open-source object relational database system with 30 plus years of active development, and discussing its features including data types, data integrity, performance, reliability, security, and extensibility.', 'duration': 277.571, 'highlights': ['Postgres SQL is an open-source object relational database system with 30 plus years of active development. Postgres SQL is highlighted as an open-source object relational database system with 30 plus years of active development, showcasing its extensive industry experience and reliability.', 'Postgres SQL provides various data types including integer, numeric, JSON, XML, and custom data types. Postgres SQL offers a wide array of data types such as integer, numeric, JSON, XML, and custom data types, providing flexibility and versatility in data storage.', 'Performance in Postgres SQL is facilitated by features like indexing, sophisticated query planner, multi-version concurrency control, and table partitioning. The performance of Postgres SQL is enhanced by features like indexing, sophisticated query planner, multi-version concurrency control, and table partitioning, ensuring efficient and effective database operations.', 'Data Integrity in Postgres SQL is maintained through various constraints and keys such as primary key, foreign keys, exclusion constraints, unique constraints, and explicit locks. Postgres SQL ensures data Integrity through the implementation of various constraints and keys, including primary key, foreign keys, exclusion constraints, unique constraints, and explicit locks, ensuring the security and accuracy of stored data.', 'Reliability in Postgres SQL is demonstrated through functionalities like write-ahead logging, replication, point-in-time recovery, active standbys, and table spaces. Postgres SQL showcases its reliability through functionalities like write-ahead logging, replication, point-in-time recovery, active standbys, and table spaces, ensuring the consistent and secure operation of the database.']}], 'duration': 432.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y101110.jpg', 'highlights': ['Around 2.5 Quinton bytes of data gets generated every day, emphasizing the need for effective database management systems.', 'Hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented database management systems are detailed, offering in-depth insights into their functionalities.', 'Postgres SQL is an open-source object relational database system with 30 plus years of active development, showcasing its extensive industry experience and reliability.', 'Performance in Postgres SQL is facilitated by features like indexing, sophisticated query planner, multi-version concurrency control, and table partitioning, ensuring efficient and effective database operations.', 'Data Integrity in Postgres SQL is maintained through various constraints and keys such as primary key, foreign keys, exclusion constraints, unique constraints, and explicit locks, ensuring the security and accuracy of stored data.']}, {'end': 1535.613, 'segs': [{'end': 561.138, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 533.795, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 539.463, 'text': "So now that you know, what is Postgres SQL? Let's next look into how you can install Postgres SQL.", 'start': 533.795, 'duration': 5.668}, {'end': 543.747, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is I'm going to install PostgreSQL on Windows.", 'start': 540.104, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 551.151, 'text': 'So apart from that if you want to install PostgreSQL on any other operating system, well, the steps are really simple and the steps are almost same.', 'start': 544.147, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 553.853, 'text': "So let's get started by installing PostgreSQL.", 'start': 551.291, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 561.138, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is let me open my Google Chrome and then let's say I just type in PostgreSQL.", 'start': 554.273, 'duration': 6.865}], 'summary': 'Introduction to installing postgresql on windows and other operating systems.', 'duration': 27.343, 'max_score': 533.795, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y533795.jpg'}, {'end': 679.268, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 646.574, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 650.958, 'text': "So I'm going to install the 11.4 version war for Windows 64 bit, right?", 'start': 646.574, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 656.482, 'text': "So I'm going to just click on download over here and then you see that you know you'll be redirected to this particular page.", 'start': 650.978, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 656.902, 'text': 'that you know.', 'start': 656.482, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 660.665, 'text': 'thank you for downloading postgresql, and also on the left hand side.', 'start': 656.902, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 664.769, 'text': "You'll see that you know postgresql is getting downloaded right? So let's wait for it to download.", 'start': 660.705, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 670.553, 'text': 'All right, so as you can see on my screen, it has got downloaded.', 'start': 667.571, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 679.268, 'text': "So I'll just double click it so that we can open Now.", 'start': 670.613, 'duration': 8.655}], 'summary': 'Installing postgresql 11.4 version for windows 64 bit and downloading completed.', 'duration': 32.694, 'max_score': 646.574, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y646574.jpg'}, {'end': 986.976, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 808.454, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 813.178, 'text': "So I'll just click on next over here and then you'll see that you know Postgres SQL is getting installed on my sister.", 'start': 808.454, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 814.999, 'text': "So let's wait for it to install.", 'start': 813.698, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 824.098, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 823.757, 'duration': 0.341}, {'end': 830.826, 'text': 'Now, once the installation is done, you get a confirmation wizard that you know the setup is finished installing PostgreSQL on your computer right?', 'start': 824.198, 'duration': 6.628}, {'end': 838.296, 'text': 'So you can just click on finish and then, if you want to launch the stack builder at your exit, you can just check in this box,', 'start': 831.146, 'duration': 7.15}, {'end': 841.44, 'text': "but I'll just uncheck this particular box and then I'll click on finish.", 'start': 838.296, 'duration': 3.144}, {'end': 844.962, 'text': 'Once I click on finish basically guys your installation is done.', 'start': 842.06, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 851.426, 'text': "Now, if you search for Postgres SQL on your system, you'll clearly see options of the various stuff that we have installed right?", 'start': 844.982, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 853.888, 'text': 'So, as you can see on my screen, we have PG admin.', 'start': 851.446, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 855.008, 'text': 'We have the sequel shell.', 'start': 853.928, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 859.251, 'text': 'We have the documentation the PG admin documentation the release notes and so on.', 'start': 855.048, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 864.034, 'text': "Right? So what I'm going to do is I'm going to open the sequel shell and also the PG admin.", 'start': 859.291, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 868.595, 'text': 'So let me just open All right.', 'start': 864.214, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 872.923, 'text': 'Now once you open the PG admin you basically are asked for the master password.', 'start': 868.915, 'duration': 4.008}, {'end': 878.954, 'text': "So if you remember while installing I asked you to enter a password, right? So that's basically the password that you have to mention over here.", 'start': 872.943, 'duration': 6.011}, {'end': 880.477, 'text': "So I'll just mention my password.", 'start': 879.054, 'duration': 1.423}, {'end': 884.699, 'text': 'Right now, once the password is enter,', 'start': 882.518, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 894.383, 'text': "you'll clearly see that you know we have a server and then automatically the server gets connected to databases and the super user database that is postgres right under this particular database.", 'start': 884.699, 'duration': 9.684}, {'end': 900.145, 'text': "What we're going to do is we're going to basically use the different commands, that is, the different sequel command categories,", 'start': 894.443, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 906.108, 'text': "and then we're going to create a schema table and then we're going to choose how we can play around with databases right?", 'start': 900.145, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 910.088, 'text': 'So, on the sequel shell, what you can do is you can again similarly connect to the server.', 'start': 906.787, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 914.51, 'text': "So you just pass basically have to click on enter because you're connecting your server on the localhost.", 'start': 910.108, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 918.472, 'text': "So I'll just click on enter that the database basically the super user database is postgres.", 'start': 914.53, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 919.872, 'text': 'So click on enter again.', 'start': 918.832, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 921.653, 'text': 'The port has to be the same that is 5 4 3 2.', 'start': 919.912, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 923.273, 'text': "I'll click on enter again.", 'start': 921.653, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 925.174, 'text': 'The username will be postgres.', 'start': 923.674, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 929.796, 'text': "So I'll just click on enter again, and password is basically what password you mentioned while installing right?", 'start': 925.194, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 933.217, 'text': "So you'll mention the same password and then you'll see that you know.", 'start': 929.816, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 937.639, 'text': "once you hit on enter, you'll clearly see that you have been redirected to Postgres.", 'start': 933.217, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 943.783, 'text': "So basically that's how guys you can configure server either on the PG admin and also on the sequel shell.", 'start': 938.18, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 948.146, 'text': 'So guys that was about installation of Postgres SQL on Windows.', 'start': 944.884, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 949.927, 'text': "I hope you've understood all the steps.", 'start': 948.306, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 953.409, 'text': "So now that you've installed Postgres SQL on your system next.", 'start': 950.307, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 955.471, 'text': "Let's look into the sequel command categories.", 'start': 953.449, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 962.716, 'text': 'So, as I said, there are mainly four command categories, that is, the data definition language commands, The data manipulation language commands,', 'start': 955.931, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 966.419, 'text': 'the data control language commands and the transaction control language commands right?', 'start': 962.716, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 970.102, 'text': 'So basically, guys, these are the main four command categories of sequel.', 'start': 966.439, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 974.626, 'text': 'That is, the DDL commands, the DML commands, the DCL commands and the TCL commands.', 'start': 970.142, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 979.23, 'text': 'the DDL commands basically consists of the commands which can be used to define your schema right?', 'start': 974.626, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 983.034, 'text': 'So you can create a table, you can create a schema, you can create a view, and so on.', 'start': 979.25, 'duration': 3.784}, {'end': 986.976, 'text': 'So basically all those commands which define the database of the schema,', 'start': 983.594, 'duration': 3.382}], 'summary': 'The transcript explains the installation and configuration of postgresql on windows, including accessing pg admin and sequel shell, and introduces the four main categories of sql commands: ddl, dml, dcl, and tcl.', 'duration': 178.522, 'max_score': 808.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y808454.jpg'}, {'end': 1378.793, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1047.486, 'weight': 0.833, 'content': [{'end': 1053.831, 'text': "Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you how you can write commands on the sequel shell and then I'm going to use the PG admin right?", 'start': 1047.486, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 1054.892, 'text': "So it's really simple.", 'start': 1053.871, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1059.815, 'text': "PG admin is the GUI for poster sequel in today's market in Industries.", 'start': 1054.892, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 1070.363, 'text': 'People are mostly using PG admin because you know they can connect this particular database to various other external tools also so that you know they can manipulate the data and maybe they can generate reports and so on right?', 'start': 1059.875, 'duration': 10.488}, {'end': 1076.569, 'text': "So I'm going to initially show you on sequel shell for few commands and then I'll completely shift over to the GY.", 'start': 1070.663, 'duration': 5.906}, {'end': 1079.231, 'text': "So now let's say, you know, you want to create a screamer.", 'start': 1076.929, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 1083.195, 'text': 'How do you think you can create a schema? Well, the command is really simple for that.', 'start': 1079.651, 'duration': 3.544}, {'end': 1084.976, 'text': "You'll have to use create right?", 'start': 1083.235, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1094.325, 'text': "So what you'll do is basically you'll type in, create schema and let's say we mentioned the schema name to be information right?", 'start': 1085.357, 'duration': 8.968}, {'end': 1101.717, 'text': "So I'm going to use caps so that you understand that you know that's the particular syntax and the small case letters to understand,", 'start': 1095.652, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 1108.522, 'text': "that's the name that I'm giving and that's completely your choice on how you wish to do, and then I'll end with a semicolon and click on enter.", 'start': 1101.717, 'duration': 6.805}, {'end': 1111.825, 'text': "Once I click on enter you'll see an output that you know create schema.", 'start': 1108.923, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 1119.231, 'text': "That means, you know a schema has been created now if I go back to my PG admin and then let's say, you know, I just refresh over here.", 'start': 1112.005, 'duration': 7.226}, {'end': 1121.951, 'text': "So automatically you'll see a schema.", 'start': 1119.91, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1123.192, 'text': 'that is information right?', 'start': 1121.951, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1128.296, 'text': "So basically, whatever I've created in sequel shell is automatically seen in PG admin right?", 'start': 1123.212, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 1133.119, 'text': "So that's the reason I told you it's easy to visualize and use GUI over here.", 'start': 1128.636, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 1138.503, 'text': 'Now. similarly, if you wish to create a new schema over here, what you can do is you have the schema option right?', 'start': 1133.459, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 1142.045, 'text': 'You right click over here, choose create and choose create schema.', 'start': 1138.843, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 1144.086, 'text': 'Automatically you just have to mention the name.', 'start': 1142.345, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1150.95, 'text': "Let's say I mentioned sample and then I'll leave the other details to be the same that the security default privileges and sequel, right?", 'start': 1144.126, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 1156.313, 'text': "So in sequel you'll basically see that you know the syntax that I just mentioned in the sequel shell,", 'start': 1150.97, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 1160.095, 'text': 'that is create schema and then schema name and authorization Postgres.', 'start': 1156.313, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1162.036, 'text': "That's basically a database super user.", 'start': 1160.155, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1166.579, 'text': "Well, that's by default in sequel shell because you know, we are already under Postgres.", 'start': 1162.336, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 1169.16, 'text': "So that's the reason we didn't have to give it over there.", 'start': 1167.039, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 1176.943, 'text': "So I'll just click on save And then once I click on save you'll automatically see that a schema has been created that is basically sample.", 'start': 1169.84, 'duration': 7.103}, {'end': 1181.384, 'text': 'So now I have the information schema the public schema and the sample schema.', 'start': 1177.363, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 1189.126, 'text': 'Now the public schema is created by default and the information was the one that I created in sequel shell and the sample is the one I created in GY.', 'start': 1181.424, 'duration': 7.702}, {'end': 1191.267, 'text': 'So you see right how simple it is.', 'start': 1189.506, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1195.223, 'text': "Now if you're getting confused how you can write queries in GUI.", 'start': 1191.98, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 1195.963, 'text': "Well, don't worry.", 'start': 1195.263, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 1197.364, 'text': 'We have a query tool also.', 'start': 1196.043, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 1201.908, 'text': "So if I right-click over here and then if I choose query tool, you'll see that you know.", 'start': 1197.745, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 1205.431, 'text': "automatically you'll get a workspace where you can basically put all your queries.", 'start': 1201.908, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 1210.775, 'text': "I'm not going to do that now next what I'll do is let's say, you know, we want to use this particular schema.", 'start': 1205.911, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 1214.438, 'text': "So what I'll do is I'll just type in the query set.", 'start': 1211.636, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 1222.536, 'text': "search path to and then I'll mention the schema name, right? So I'll mention information over here.", 'start': 1215.43, 'duration': 7.106}, {'end': 1226.76, 'text': "So automatically you'll see an output that you know it is set to information, right?", 'start': 1222.937, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 1231.924, 'text': 'So whatever actions that I wish to perform like you know creating tables or maybe views and all,', 'start': 1226.78, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 1234.947, 'text': 'all of them will be basically under this particular schema.', 'start': 1231.924, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 1238.65, 'text': "Now, once the path is set, let's say you know we want to create a table, right?", 'start': 1235.447, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 1243.775, 'text': "So for that you'll type in create table and then you'll mention this table name.", 'start': 1238.67, 'duration': 5.105}, {'end': 1250.722, 'text': "So let's say I mentioned students and now each student will basically have various attributes, right? For example, let's say I'm a student now.", 'start': 1243.816, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 1251.603, 'text': "I'll have a name.", 'start': 1250.842, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 1252.364, 'text': 'I have an age.', 'start': 1251.683, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 1253.625, 'text': 'I have a date of birth and so on.', 'start': 1252.424, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1255.787, 'text': 'So basically all those values will be a column.', 'start': 1253.685, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 1259.071, 'text': "So I'll just put it in brackets and let's say I mentioned student.", 'start': 1256.188, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 1264.265, 'text': "ID and int to be data type and let's say further.", 'start': 1260.402, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 1276.333, 'text': "I again mention student name and then let the data type be varchar 255 characters, right? And then what I'll do is I'll put a semicolon at the end.", 'start': 1264.345, 'duration': 11.988}, {'end': 1281.384, 'text': "Once I click over here once I click on enter you'll clearly see an output that you know create table.", 'start': 1277.123, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 1286.866, 'text': "Now let's go back over here and then let's just basically refresh the schemas, right?", 'start': 1281.764, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 1290.087, 'text': "So I'll just refresh the schemas and under the information table.", 'start': 1286.886, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 1295.308, 'text': "You'll clearly see an output that you know, we have a table students and then it has columns student ID and student name.", 'start': 1290.127, 'duration': 5.181}, {'end': 1299.87, 'text': "So basically that's how you can create a table basically on the sequel shell guys.", 'start': 1295.888, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 1306.732, 'text': 'Now, if, similarly, if you wish to create a table in the PG admin, what you do is you right click on the table over here, go to create,', 'start': 1300.17, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 1310.634, 'text': 'choose table and then basically you have to mention the name right?', 'start': 1306.732, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 1313.315, 'text': "So, for example, let's say we mentioned the table name to be teachers.", 'start': 1310.654, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1317.279, 'text': 'and then the owner to be postgres the schema to be information.', 'start': 1314.256, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 1322.183, 'text': "So you'll have to basically choose the schema under which you wish to create the table and then you click on save.", 'start': 1317.319, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 1327.468, 'text': 'So if you click on save without choosing the columns then remember that you know, this particular table will have no columns.', 'start': 1322.484, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 1330.511, 'text': 'So if you wish to add columns, you can just add column over here.', 'start': 1328.049, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 1335.015, 'text': "For example, it's I wish to add column, right? So I'll go to plus button over here choose the name.", 'start': 1330.531, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 1336.997, 'text': "Let's say, you know teacher ID.", 'start': 1335.075, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 1339.579, 'text': "Let's say data type to be int.", 'start': 1338.218, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 1347.603, 'text': "right and then you know not null primary key and all I'll come later on the session, right? So I'll click on save over here.", 'start': 1341.553, 'duration': 6.05}, {'end': 1353.713, 'text': "So once I click on save you'll see that you know automatically a teacher's table will be created with a single column that is teacher ID.", 'start': 1348.124, 'duration': 5.589}, {'end': 1359.101, 'text': "So, guys, that's how basically you can create tables in the sequel shell and PG admin.", 'start': 1354.358, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 1363.444, 'text': 'now, before I move forward and show you the various other commands related to DDR.', 'start': 1359.101, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 1367.166, 'text': 'Let me cover a concept known as entity relationship diagram.', 'start': 1363.824, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1375.991, 'text': 'Now, this particular concept is important over here because you know you have to understand how to create tables and how you have to relate those tables to the other tables and,', 'start': 1367.526, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 1378.793, 'text': 'basically, what will be the column values for this particular table.', 'start': 1375.991, 'duration': 2.802}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of creating schemas and tables in sequel shell and pg admin, with a comparison of the two methods.', 'duration': 331.307, 'max_score': 1047.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1047486.jpg'}, {'end': 1176.943, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1150.97, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1156.313, 'text': "So in sequel you'll basically see that you know the syntax that I just mentioned in the sequel shell,", 'start': 1150.97, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 1160.095, 'text': 'that is create schema and then schema name and authorization Postgres.', 'start': 1156.313, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1162.036, 'text': "That's basically a database super user.", 'start': 1160.155, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1166.579, 'text': "Well, that's by default in sequel shell because you know, we are already under Postgres.", 'start': 1162.336, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 1169.16, 'text': "So that's the reason we didn't have to give it over there.", 'start': 1167.039, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 1176.943, 'text': "So I'll just click on save And then once I click on save you'll automatically see that a schema has been created that is basically sample.", 'start': 1169.84, 'duration': 7.103}], 'summary': "In sequel, a schema named 'sample' is created with the authorization of postgres.", 'duration': 25.973, 'max_score': 1150.97, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1150970.jpg'}], 'start': 533.795, 'title': 'Installing and using postgresql on windows', 'summary': 'Details the process of installing postgresql on windows, emphasizing the importance of selecting the latest version and remembering the database super user password. it also covers the installation steps, configurations, and provides an overview of sequel command categories. additionally, it focuses on using sequel shell and pg admin to create schemas, tables, and understand entity relationship diagrams with examples of commands and their outputs.', 'chapters': [{'end': 884.699, 'start': 533.795, 'title': 'Installing postgres sql on windows', 'summary': 'Details the process of installing postgresql on windows, including steps to download the installer, choose configuration options, and complete the installation, emphasizing the importance of selecting the latest version and remembering the database super user password.', 'duration': 350.904, 'highlights': ['The chapter describes the process of downloading and installing PostgreSQL on Windows, emphasizing the importance of selecting the latest version for maximum features. Emphasizes the importance of selecting the latest version for maximum features.', 'The chapter highlights the significance of remembering the password for the database super user and configuring the server, stressing the importance of not forgetting the password. Stresses the importance of not forgetting the password for the database super user.', 'The chapter details the steps involved in choosing the installation directory, selecting components to install, and setting the port number for the server. Details the steps involved in choosing the installation directory, selecting components to install, and setting the port number for the server.']}, {'end': 1047.146, 'start': 884.699, 'title': 'Postgres sql installation & command categories', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of postgres sql on windows, including steps and configurations, and provides an overview of the four main sequel command categories: ddl, dml, dcl, and tcl.', 'duration': 162.447, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the installation of Postgres SQL on Windows, including steps and configurations. The installation process of Postgres SQL on Windows is explained, including server connection and configuration settings.', 'Provides an overview of the four main sequel command categories: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. An overview of the four main sequel command categories is provided, including their respective functionalities.', 'The DDL commands consist of commands used to define the schema, such as creating tables, schemas, and views. Explains the DDL commands, which are used to define the database schema, including creating tables, schemas, and views.', 'The DML commands are used for manipulating data in the database. Describes the DML commands, which are utilized for manipulating data in the database.', 'The DCL commands include managing rights, permissions, and controls of the database system. Details the DCL commands, which involve managing rights, permissions, and controls within the database system.']}, {'end': 1535.613, 'start': 1047.486, 'title': 'Using sequel shell and pg admin', 'summary': 'Focuses on using sequel shell and pg admin to create schemas, tables, and understand entity relationship diagrams, with examples of commands and their outputs in the context of postgresql.', 'duration': 488.127, 'highlights': ["Creating schemas using Sequel Shell and PG Admin The speaker demonstrates using both Sequel Shell and PG Admin to create schemas, with the schema 'information' created in Sequel Shell and 'sample' created in PG Admin.", "Creating tables using Sequel Shell and PG Admin The process of creating tables using Sequel Shell and PG Admin is explained, with the table 'students' created in Sequel Shell and 'teachers' created in PG Admin.", 'Explanation of entity relationship diagram The concept of entity relationship diagram is explained, highlighting the relationships between tables like employee, department, project, and dependent, with attributes and their role in identifying entities.']}], 'duration': 1001.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y533795.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter describes the process of downloading and installing PostgreSQL on Windows, emphasizing the importance of selecting the latest version for maximum features.', 'The chapter covers the installation of Postgres SQL on Windows, including steps and configurations.', 'Provides an overview of the four main sequel command categories: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL.', "Creating schemas using Sequel Shell and PG Admin The speaker demonstrates using both Sequel Shell and PG Admin to create schemas, with the schema 'information' created in Sequel Shell and 'sample' created in PG Admin.", 'The DDL commands consist of commands used to define the schema, such as creating tables, schemas, and views.']}, {'end': 1959.314, 'segs': [{'end': 1595.389, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1569.694, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1576.599, 'text': 'These two attributes are very important over here, because every project can be uniquely identified, with a project number and the project name.', 'start': 1569.694, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 1579.782, 'text': 'and finally, coming to dependent, now you must be wondering over here.', 'start': 1576.599, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 1584.946, 'text': 'Why does the dependent entity have two rectangles right that is because you know, it is a weak entity.', 'start': 1579.922, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 1592.208, 'text': 'What I mean by weak entity is basically that you know the dependent entity is basically dependent on the employee entity, right?', 'start': 1585.286, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 1595.389, 'text': "For example, let's say, you know I as an employee right?", 'start': 1592.328, 'duration': 3.061}], 'summary': 'Attributes like project number and name uniquely identify each project, while the dependent entity is weak and dependent on the employee entity.', 'duration': 25.695, 'max_score': 1569.694, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1569694.jpg'}, {'end': 1654.371, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1625.138, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1627.039, 'text': "So that's what you have to understand over here.", 'start': 1625.138, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1633.621, 'text': 'when I say weak entity, you have to understand that you need is dependent on any other particular entity right now over here.', 'start': 1627.039, 'duration': 6.582}, {'end': 1636.902, 'text': 'I hope you understood what is entities and what is attributes.', 'start': 1633.861, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 1643.145, 'text': 'Next, if you look into the diagram, we have ways of the factors, like you know these diamonds, and then we have double lines.', 'start': 1637.442, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 1644.525, 'text': 'We have single lines and so on.', 'start': 1643.185, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 1646.486, 'text': "Right? So let's look into what they are.", 'start': 1644.545, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 1652.209, 'text': 'So, coming to diamonds over here, when I say Diamond, what I mean by that is that is basically the relationship set.', 'start': 1646.826, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 1654.371, 'text': 'So what is relationship set?', 'start': 1652.629, 'duration': 1.742}], 'summary': 'Explanation of weak entities, attributes, and relationship sets in diagrams.', 'duration': 29.233, 'max_score': 1625.138, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1625138.jpg'}, {'end': 1862.43, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1824.079, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1826.961, 'text': 'Right and then you also have self-referencing relationships.', 'start': 1824.079, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 1832.684, 'text': 'So, if you have to talk in technical terms, then you have one-to-one relationship, one too many relationship,', 'start': 1827.501, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 1835.906, 'text': 'many to one relationship and many too many relationship.', 'start': 1832.684, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 1836.487, 'text': 'apart from that,', 'start': 1835.906, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 1843.731, 'text': 'We also have the self-referencing relationship that I just spoke about now if you observe the complete entity relationship diagram over here.', 'start': 1836.507, 'duration': 7.224}, {'end': 1849.98, 'text': "So I hope you've understood how entities attributes and relationship works in the databases right now.", 'start': 1844.375, 'duration': 5.605}, {'end': 1851.821, 'text': "Let's look into the double lines over here.", 'start': 1850.04, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1853.883, 'text': 'What do you think the double lines mean?', 'start': 1852.041, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1862.43, 'text': 'what I mean by total participation is basically that you know each entity in the entity set must at least have one relationship in the relationship set.', 'start': 1853.883, 'duration': 8.547}], 'summary': 'Explains different types of relationships and attributes in databases.', 'duration': 38.351, 'max_score': 1824.079, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1824079.jpg'}], 'start': 1535.613, 'title': 'Understanding entities, attributes, and relationships', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of entities, attributes, and relationships in a database, emphasizing unique attributes, weak entities, and various types of relationships including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many, and self-referencing relationships.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1959.314, 'start': 1535.613, 'title': 'Understanding entities, attributes, and relationships', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of entities, attributes, and relationships in a database, including the importance of identifying unique attributes, the concept of weak entities, and the different types of relationships such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many, and self-referencing relationships.', 'duration': 423.701, 'highlights': ["The concept of weak entities is explained, highlighting their dependency on other entities and the significance of unique identification attributes. The dependent entity’s dependency on the employee entity is emphasized, illustrating the unique identification attributes' importance.", 'Different types of relationships in a database are discussed, including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many, and self-referencing relationships. The various relationships such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many, and self-referencing relationships are detailed.', 'The significance of total participation in entity relationships is examined, emphasizing the necessity of each entity to have at least one relationship in the relationship set. The concept of total participation in entity relationships is explained, stressing the importance of entities having at least one relationship in the relationship set.']}], 'duration': 423.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1535613.jpg', 'highlights': ['The concept of weak entities and their dependency on other entities is explained.', 'The significance of unique identification attributes for weak entities is emphasized.', 'Different types of relationships in a database are discussed, including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many, and self-referencing relationships.', 'The significance of total participation in entity relationships is examined, emphasizing the necessity of each entity to have at least one relationship in the relationship set.']}, {'end': 2538.56, 'segs': [{'end': 1991.452, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1959.394, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1964.356, 'text': 'So that is basically, guys, how you can build up an entity relationship diagram for the scenario that you have.', 'start': 1959.394, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 1971.08, 'text': 'I took a company database where you know you have various entities like employees, Department dependent projects,', 'start': 1964.836, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 1976.523, 'text': 'and then they are related to each other in some way or the other, and each of these entities have various attributes.', 'start': 1971.08, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 1982.887, 'text': 'So remember the fact that you know, when you build a relational database, you have entities which will basically become your tables.', 'start': 1977.023, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 1984.047, 'text': 'then you have attributes.', 'start': 1982.887, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 1991.452, 'text': 'So your attributes will basically become your column names and then you have relationships So guys this was all about entity relationship diagrams.', 'start': 1984.067, 'duration': 7.385}], 'summary': 'Guide to building an entity relationship diagram with a company database, including entities, attributes, and relationships.', 'duration': 32.058, 'max_score': 1959.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1959394.jpg'}, {'end': 2038.637, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2011.844, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2018.827, 'text': 'So basically there are various attributes like, you know composites simple single multivalued stored derived and complex attributes.', 'start': 2011.844, 'duration': 6.983}, {'end': 2021.169, 'text': "So let's look into each one of them one by one.", 'start': 2019.148, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2024.09, 'text': 'So, talking about composite and simple attributes.', 'start': 2021.809, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 2031.774, 'text': 'guys, if you remember the entity relationship diagram I showed you, I told you that the name can have first name, last name and middle name.', 'start': 2024.09, 'duration': 7.684}, {'end': 2038.637, 'text': 'the first name, last name, middle name will basically be my simple attributes and the name altogether will be my complex attribute.', 'start': 2031.774, 'duration': 6.863}], 'summary': 'Various attributes including simple and complex attributes explained in entity relationship diagram.', 'duration': 26.793, 'max_score': 2011.844, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2011844.jpg'}, {'end': 2171.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2143.951, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2150.896, 'text': 'and finally, coming to complex attributes, the attributes that can be represented by grouping composite attributes between, you know, brackets,', 'start': 2143.951, 'duration': 6.945}, {'end': 2157.801, 'text': 'by separating the components with commas and by displaying multivalued attributes with square brackets, are known as complex attributes, right?', 'start': 2150.896, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 2164.466, 'text': 'So basically, an address can have phone number and then the phone can have again, like area code and phone numbers, and then,', 'start': 2158.121, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 2171.37, 'text': 'moving forward where you can have again address and maybe address can again have street address number, Street flat number, state zip code and so on.', 'start': 2164.466, 'duration': 6.904}], 'summary': 'Complex attributes are represented by grouping composite attributes and displaying multivalued attributes with square brackets.', 'duration': 27.419, 'max_score': 2143.951, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2143951.jpg'}, {'end': 2268.655, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2184.903, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2190.629, 'text': 'and how each table can be related to the other table, because this concept is really important to understand,', 'start': 2184.903, 'duration': 5.726}, {'end': 2195.574, 'text': 'so that you understand the further Concepts, like you know, the keys in databases and the constraints used.', 'start': 2190.629, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 2202.668, 'text': 'Now, before I wrap up this entity relationship diagram, let me just shift back to my PG admin and show you the simple commands of DDL.', 'start': 2196.055, 'duration': 6.613}, {'end': 2205.574, 'text': 'like you know, the create, truncate, alter and so on.', 'start': 2202.668, 'duration': 2.906}, {'end': 2209.013, 'text': "So, for example, let's say you know you want to truncate the table right?", 'start': 2206.292, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2215.894, 'text': 'So when I say truncate, what I mean by that is you basically delete all the data present in the table, but you do not delete the table itself now,', 'start': 2209.033, 'duration': 6.861}, {'end': 2218.115, 'text': "since we haven't added any data into the table.", 'start': 2215.894, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 2220.475, 'text': "I'll just show you the syntax so that you can understand.", 'start': 2218.215, 'duration': 2.26}, {'end': 2223.956, 'text': "So let's say you know you want to truncate table students, right?", 'start': 2220.775, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 2228.977, 'text': "So for that, what you'll do is you'll type in truncate table and then you'll mention students.", 'start': 2223.976, 'duration': 5.001}, {'end': 2235.283, 'text': "right and then you'll execute right once you execute you'll see the output that you know truncate table.", 'start': 2230.137, 'duration': 5.146}, {'end': 2238.766, 'text': 'The query has been returned successfully now since we have no data is present.', 'start': 2235.323, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 2240.268, 'text': 'You cannot see any particular output.', 'start': 2238.806, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 2245.093, 'text': 'But if you had any data present in the table, you would see that you know, all the data would be removed from the table.', 'start': 2240.308, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 2247.379, 'text': "Let's say, you know, you want to rename the table.", 'start': 2245.718, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 2249.361, 'text': "Let's say you want to rename the table students to.", 'start': 2247.419, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 2250.762, 'text': "let's say, info students, right?", 'start': 2249.361, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 2257.467, 'text': 'So to rename the students you basically have to use two DDL statements, that is, alter table and rename right?', 'start': 2251.042, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 2265.152, 'text': "So for that, what you'll do is you'll type in alter table and then you'll mention the original name that students and then you wish to rename.", 'start': 2257.487, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 2268.655, 'text': "right, you type in rename to and then you'll mention the new name.", 'start': 2265.152, 'duration': 3.503}], 'summary': 'Understanding table relationships and ddl commands like create, truncate, and alter.', 'duration': 83.752, 'max_score': 2184.903, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2184903.jpg'}, {'end': 2220.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2196.055, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2202.668, 'text': 'Now, before I wrap up this entity relationship diagram, let me just shift back to my PG admin and show you the simple commands of DDL.', 'start': 2196.055, 'duration': 6.613}, {'end': 2205.574, 'text': 'like you know, the create, truncate, alter and so on.', 'start': 2202.668, 'duration': 2.906}, {'end': 2209.013, 'text': "So, for example, let's say you know you want to truncate the table right?", 'start': 2206.292, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2215.894, 'text': 'So when I say truncate, what I mean by that is you basically delete all the data present in the table, but you do not delete the table itself now,', 'start': 2209.033, 'duration': 6.861}, {'end': 2218.115, 'text': "since we haven't added any data into the table.", 'start': 2215.894, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 2220.475, 'text': "I'll just show you the syntax so that you can understand.", 'start': 2218.215, 'duration': 2.26}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating ddl commands such as create, truncate, and alter in an entity relationship diagram using pg admin', 'duration': 24.42, 'max_score': 2196.055, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2196055.jpg'}, {'end': 2440.388, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2412.112, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2416.133, 'text': "Maybe if you want to rename and all now, let's say, you know, you want to drop this particular column.", 'start': 2412.112, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 2422.155, 'text': 'So for that what you do is you type in alter table mention the table name again.', 'start': 2416.293, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 2432.799, 'text': 'And then what you do is you mention the keyword drop column and then you mention the column name right, and then you just execute.', 'start': 2424.196, 'duration': 8.603}, {'end': 2440.388, 'text': "Now, once you execute and let's say, if I refresh this, you look clearly see an output that you know your standard column is gone right?", 'start': 2433.442, 'duration': 6.946}], 'summary': "To drop a column from a table, use 'alter table' and 'drop column' with the column name. upon execution, the column will be removed.", 'duration': 28.276, 'max_score': 2412.112, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2412112.jpg'}], 'start': 1959.394, 'title': 'Entity relationship diagrams and postgresql ddl commands', 'summary': 'Covers the process of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, highlighting types of entities, attributes, and relationships. it also explains ddl commands in postgresql for table creation and manipulation, including various commands such as create, truncate, alter, rename, add, and drop.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2143.951, 'start': 1959.394, 'title': 'Understanding entity relationship diagrams', 'summary': 'Explains the process of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, highlighting the types of entities, attributes, and relationships, including examples and explanations of composite and simple attributes, single and multivalued attributes, and stored versus derived attributes.', 'duration': 184.557, 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the process of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, illustrating various entities like employees, departments, and projects, and their relationships, with mention of various attributes. The chapter provides an overview of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, highlighting the various entities like employees, departments, and projects, along with their relationships and attributes.', 'It explains the different types of attributes such as composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, and derived, using examples like names and addresses to illustrate the concepts. The chapter details the different types of attributes including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, and derived, using examples like names and addresses to illustrate the concepts.']}, {'end': 2538.56, 'start': 2143.951, 'title': 'Entity relationship diagram and ddl commands', 'summary': 'Explains entity relationship diagrams and ddl commands in postgresql, covering the definition of complex attributes, creation and manipulation of tables, including commands such as create, truncate, alter, rename, add, drop, and the alteration of column data types.', 'duration': 394.609, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains entity relationship diagrams and DDL commands in PostgreSQL The chapter provides an overview of entity relationship diagrams and DDL commands in PostgreSQL, emphasizing their importance in database management.', 'The definition of complex attributes is covered, including the representation of composite attributes and multivalued attributes The chapter explains complex attributes, illustrating the representation of composite attributes by grouping them within brackets and displaying multivalued attributes with square brackets.', 'The creation and manipulation of tables are detailed, including commands such as create, truncate, alter, rename, add, and drop The transcript delves into the creation and manipulation of tables, highlighting commands such as create, truncate, alter, rename, add, and drop, providing practical examples and syntax explanations.', 'Demonstration of altering column data types and renaming and dropping columns The chapter demonstrates altering column data types, renaming columns, and dropping columns, providing step-by-step instructions and practical examples.']}], 'duration': 579.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y1959394.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the process of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, illustrating various entities like employees, departments, and projects, and their relationships, with mention of various attributes.', 'The chapter provides an overview of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, highlighting the various entities like employees, departments, and projects, along with their relationships and attributes.', 'The chapter details the different types of attributes including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, and derived, using examples like names and addresses to illustrate the concepts.', 'The chapter explains complex attributes, illustrating the representation of composite attributes by grouping them within brackets and displaying multivalued attributes with square brackets.', 'The transcript delves into the creation and manipulation of tables, highlighting commands such as create, truncate, alter, rename, add, and drop, providing practical examples and syntax explanations.', 'The chapter demonstrates altering column data types, renaming columns, and dropping columns, providing step-by-step instructions and practical examples.', 'The chapter explains entity relationship diagrams and DDL commands in PostgreSQL, emphasizing their importance in database management.']}, {'end': 3368.376, 'segs': [{'end': 2689.497, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2662.508, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2667.715, 'text': 'So if you have around five candidate keys out of them one can be definitely your primary key for that particular relation.', 'start': 2662.508, 'duration': 5.207}, {'end': 2671, 'text': 'Moving on to the next type of key that is the alternate key.', 'start': 2668.337, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 2675.204, 'text': 'So the candidate keys other than primary keys are basically the alternate keys.', 'start': 2671.32, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 2678.307, 'text': 'So as I was giving you an example of five candidate keys.', 'start': 2675.544, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 2684.632, 'text': "So if there are five candidate keys in a relation, then out of which if, let's say, you know, the first key is chosen as the primary key,", 'start': 2678.407, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 2686.915, 'text': 'then the other four keys will be the alternate keys.', 'start': 2684.632, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 2689.497, 'text': 'and finally moving on to the foreign key.', 'start': 2687.535, 'duration': 1.962}], 'summary': 'Out of 5 candidate keys, 1 can be the primary key, and the rest are alternate keys.', 'duration': 26.989, 'max_score': 2662.508, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2662508.jpg'}, {'end': 2777.836, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2751.14, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2757.248, 'text': 'So the constraints in the database are, as you can see on my screen, that is not null, unique check, default and index.', 'start': 2751.14, 'duration': 6.108}, {'end': 2762.564, 'text': 'So the not null Constraint basically ensures that you know a null value cannot be stored in a column.', 'start': 2758.18, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 2766.407, 'text': "For example, let's say, you know, you have a student's table now in the students table.", 'start': 2762.904, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 2772.171, 'text': "You have a column on a student ID and then when you're creating the table you mentioned the not will Constraint for this particular column.", 'start': 2766.427, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 2777.836, 'text': "Then whenever you're inserting the data, you have to remember that you know, they cannot be a null value in this particular column.", 'start': 2772.492, 'duration': 5.344}], 'summary': 'Database constraints include not null, unique check, default, and index; ensuring data integrity and preventing null values.', 'duration': 26.696, 'max_score': 2751.14, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2751140.jpg'}, {'end': 3081.396, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2991.421, 'weight': 0.722, 'content': [{'end': 2999.963, 'text': "So this is basically to identify the self-referencing relationship, if you remember right, and then I'll mention character of nine characters,", 'start': 2991.421, 'duration': 8.542}, {'end': 3002.203, 'text': 'and this can be null.', 'start': 2999.963, 'duration': 2.24}, {'end': 3004.744, 'text': "and then let's say we mentioned Department number.", 'start': 3002.203, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 3010.525, 'text': "Let it be in and let's say not null because we don't want it to be not right now.", 'start': 3005.264, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 3012.926, 'text': "What I'll do is I just execute this particular query.", 'start': 3010.545, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 3018.292, 'text': "Now once I execute this particular query, you'll see that you know automatically we get an output that create table.", 'start': 3013.607, 'duration': 4.685}, {'end': 3019.993, 'text': 'So our table is successfully created.', 'start': 3018.412, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 3027.24, 'text': "So if I refresh this particular schema and then if I open tables, you'll clearly see that you know we have the employee tables now.", 'start': 3020.373, 'duration': 6.867}, {'end': 3030.243, 'text': "similarly, what I'm going to do is for all these particular entities.", 'start': 3027.24, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 3032.905, 'text': "I'm going to create table, right? So I already have a dog present.", 'start': 3030.283, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 3034.487, 'text': "So I'm just going to copy paste from that.", 'start': 3032.925, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 3036.529, 'text': 'So let me just open that doc.', 'start': 3035.187, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 3039.683, 'text': 'Right, so let me just copy paste from here.', 'start': 3037.558, 'duration': 2.125}, {'end': 3046.918, 'text': "So I'm going to copy for Department Department locations projects works on and dependent now, I'll go back to my PG admin.", 'start': 3039.703, 'duration': 7.215}, {'end': 3050.381, 'text': "and then what I'll do is I'll just paste over here.", 'start': 3048.519, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 3052.662, 'text': "So what I'm doing is, let me just explain you.", 'start': 3050.581, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 3057.646, 'text': "so I'm creating a table Department with the column names as Department name, Department number, MGR assistant.", 'start': 3052.662, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 3060.528, 'text': "that's because for the relationship of manager right?", 'start': 3057.646, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 3065.772, 'text': "So if you remember, if I just open a diagram, you'll clearly see that you know employee managers, Department right?", 'start': 3060.548, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 3069.495, 'text': 'So you see it for this particular relation and then MGR start date.', 'start': 3066.112, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 3073.778, 'text': 'that is because you know we have to consider the column present on the relationship also, that is manages.', 'start': 3069.495, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 3077.506, 'text': "Similarly, I'm creating Department locations, that is, with Department number,", 'start': 3074.318, 'duration': 3.188}, {'end': 3081.396, 'text': 'Department location and primary key as Department number and location together.', 'start': 3077.506, 'duration': 3.89}], 'summary': 'Creating tables for employee, department, and related entities with specific columns and relationships.', 'duration': 89.975, 'max_score': 2991.421, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2991421.jpg'}, {'end': 3147.395, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3115.481, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3117.382, 'text': "So I'll just execute all these particular queries.", 'start': 3115.481, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3122.886, 'text': 'So you can see that, you know automatically my query is got successfully executed.', 'start': 3119.343, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 3126.208, 'text': "So I'll just refresh this particular table again.", 'start': 3123.106, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 3131.411, 'text': "So, once I refresh this particular schema, you'll see that you know I have six tables.", 'start': 3127.849, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 3134.853, 'text': 'that is, the department dependent, dependent locations.', 'start': 3131.411, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 3136.754, 'text': 'employee project works on right?', 'start': 3134.853, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3143.553, 'text': "So, guys, that's how, basically, you can create tables and that's how you can use keys and constraints while creating tables.", 'start': 3137.91, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 3147.395, 'text': 'So guys that was all about the data definition language commands.', 'start': 3144.374, 'duration': 3.021}], 'summary': 'Executed queries successfully, refreshed table with six tables, demonstrated creating tables with keys and constraints.', 'duration': 31.914, 'max_score': 3115.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3115481.jpg'}, {'end': 3204.424, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3174.702, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3180.668, 'text': 'So normalization is basically that technique through which you know you can remove the redundancy and dependency of the data.', 'start': 3174.702, 'duration': 5.966}, {'end': 3188.135, 'text': 'So as you can see on my screen the normalization is basically at four levels that is one NF 2 NF 3 NF and BCNF.', 'start': 3181.148, 'duration': 6.987}, {'end': 3189.777, 'text': "So let's discuss the same now.", 'start': 3188.536, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 3195.719, 'text': "Now before I move forward with 1 and F, let me tell you that, you know, I'm going to consider this particular example.", 'start': 3190.476, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 3204.424, 'text': 'So the example that you can see on my screen is basically of three people you know of living in specific address and they have rented few movies of a specific category.', 'start': 3196.079, 'duration': 8.345}], 'summary': 'Normalization reduces redundancy and dependency in data. four levels: 1nf, 2nf, 3nf, bcnf.', 'duration': 29.722, 'max_score': 3174.702, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3174702.jpg'}, {'end': 3347.139, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3313.913, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3314.974, 'text': 'our address is redundant.', 'start': 3313.913, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 3316.414, 'text': 'And yes, it is divided also.', 'start': 3315.094, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 3317.515, 'text': "It's not all together.", 'start': 3316.495, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 3321.037, 'text': "So for that what we'll do is we'll convert this table into 2nf.", 'start': 3318.035, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 3324.558, 'text': 'So basically to normalize the database into 2nf.', 'start': 3321.377, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 3329.701, 'text': 'remember the fact that you know the database should be in 1nf and should also have a single column primary key.', 'start': 3324.558, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 3335.727, 'text': "What I mean by that is, you know, what I'm going to do is I'm going to divide the table into two different tables,", 'start': 3330.101, 'duration': 5.626}, {'end': 3338.27, 'text': 'such that you know for each specific user.', 'start': 3335.727, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 3341.573, 'text': "I'm going to identify the specific movie rented.", 'start': 3338.67, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 3342.214, 'text': 'for example.', 'start': 3341.573, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 3347.139, 'text': "let's say, you know I give Alice Johnson, staying in first Street House number 3, ID number 1.", 'start': 3342.214, 'duration': 4.925}], 'summary': 'The address table will be divided into 2nf to ensure data normalization and efficiency.', 'duration': 33.226, 'max_score': 3313.913, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3313913.jpg'}], 'start': 2539.136, 'title': 'Database concepts and normalization', 'summary': 'Covers database keys like candidate, super, primary, alternate, and foreign keys, along with constraints like not null, unique, check, default, and index. it also includes creating tables using sql queries, resulting in six tables, and introduces normalization to reduce data redundancy and dependency at 1nf and 2nf levels, illustrated with an example of data division and primary key identification.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3004.744, 'start': 2539.136, 'title': 'Database keys and constraints', 'summary': 'Covers the various types of keys in a database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key, as well as constraints such as not null, unique, check, default, and index. it provides examples and explanations for each key and constraint.', 'duration': 465.608, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the various types of keys in a database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key. It provides detailed explanations of each type of key, highlighting the importance of understanding these concepts in database management.', 'The constraints discussed include not null, unique, check, default, and index. The chapter explains the purpose and usage of each constraint, providing examples and scenarios where they are applied in database design.', 'Examples and explanations are provided for each key and constraint, including specific scenarios and data types. The transcript includes detailed examples of creating tables, specifying column names, data types, and constraints, offering practical insights into implementing these concepts.']}, {'end': 3368.376, 'start': 3005.264, 'title': 'Creating tables and data normalization', 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating tables in a database using sql queries, resulting in six tables, while also introducing the concept of normalization to reduce data redundancy and dependency at 1nf and 2nf levels, illustrated with an example of data division and primary key identification.', 'duration': 363.112, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates creating tables in a database using SQL queries, resulting in six tables. The speaker executes SQL queries to create tables for entities such as Department, Department locations, projects, works on, and dependent, resulting in six tables being successfully created.', 'Introduces the concept of normalization to reduce data redundancy and dependency at 1NF and 2NF levels. The speaker introduces the concept of normalization, specifically at 1NF and 2NF levels, aiming to reduce data redundancy and dependency within the database.', 'Illustrates the division of data and primary key identification in the context of normalization, using an example of users and rented movies. The speaker illustrates the process of normalizing data at 1NF level by dividing the data into different tuples and ensuring each table cell has a single value. Then, the concept of identifying a single column primary key for each user and their specific rented movies is explained in the context of 2NF normalization.']}], 'duration': 829.24, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y2539136.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various types of keys: candidate, super, primary, alternate, and foreign keys.', 'Constraints discussed include not null, unique, check, default, and index.', 'Demonstrates creating six tables using SQL queries for entities like Department, locations, projects, works on, and dependent.', 'Introduces normalization to reduce data redundancy and dependency at 1NF and 2NF levels.', 'Illustrates data division and primary key identification in the context of normalization.']}, {'end': 5000.464, 'segs': [{'end': 3476.581, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3457.464, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3468.393, 'text': 'So the condition to normalize it again is basically that you know your database must be in 3nf and maybe you know even after being in 3nf there would be some anomalies and it may have more than one candidate.', 'start': 3457.464, 'duration': 10.929}, {'end': 3469.958, 'text': 'Now, in such scenarios,', 'start': 3468.957, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 3476.581, 'text': 'what will happen is BCNF will come into the picture and then it will divide the tables further so that there would be only one candidate key present.', 'start': 3469.958, 'duration': 6.623}], 'summary': 'Normalization to bcnf ensures only one candidate key is present.', 'duration': 19.117, 'max_score': 3457.464, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3457464.jpg'}, {'end': 3543.544, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3514.73, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3517.371, 'text': 'So now to do that what you have to do is you have to insert data.', 'start': 3514.73, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 3518.352, 'text': 'So to insert data.', 'start': 3517.411, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 3524.575, 'text': "what you'll type in is insert into, and then let me show you for employee table, employee,", 'start': 3518.352, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 3529.317, 'text': "and then you'll mention values and then you'll have to mention the values that you wish to enter, right?", 'start': 3524.575, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 3536.541, 'text': "So let's say I'll wish to enter John as first name and let's say I'll enter middle name.", 'start': 3529.638, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 3538.022, 'text': 'Let it be a character.', 'start': 3536.921, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 3540.663, 'text': "Now similarly, I'll enter the next name.", 'start': 3538.622, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 3543.544, 'text': "Let's say Smith that is basically my last name.", 'start': 3540.703, 'duration': 2.841}], 'summary': 'Insert data into employee table with values like john and smith for first and last name.', 'duration': 28.814, 'max_score': 3514.73, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3514730.jpg'}, {'end': 4025.655, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3999.416, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4004.96, 'text': "what I'm going to do is I'm going to directly jump on the query so that you can understand how you can write queries and how you can manipulate data.", 'start': 3999.416, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 4006.282, 'text': "So let's get started.", 'start': 4005.401, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 4009.628, 'text': "So now let's say, you know, we want to update the salary of employees.", 'start': 4006.803, 'duration': 2.825}, {'end': 4014.517, 'text': "So for example, let's say I'll just see which employee salary has to be updated.", 'start': 4009.728, 'duration': 4.789}, {'end': 4018.103, 'text': "So I'll just type on select star from employee so that I can see the details.", 'start': 4014.577, 'duration': 3.526}, {'end': 4021.673, 'text': "I'll just execute this.", 'start': 4020.692, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 4025.655, 'text': "So when I execute this you'll see that, you know, I have all the details right now.", 'start': 4022.133, 'duration': 3.522}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of writing and executing sql queries to update employee salaries.', 'duration': 26.239, 'max_score': 3999.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3999416.jpg'}, {'end': 4731.912, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4703.815, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4708.179, 'text': 'So nested queries are sequel queries which have an outer query and an inner query.', 'start': 4703.815, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 4713.924, 'text': 'So the sub query is a query nested within another query such as select insert update or delete.', 'start': 4708.479, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 4718.527, 'text': 'So for example, if you see the screen that is basically the outer query and the inner query.', 'start': 4714.545, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 4722.728, 'text': 'So I have an outer query which says select last name first name from employees.', 'start': 4718.827, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 4726.13, 'text': "Let's say nowhere, address in and then we choose.", 'start': 4723.048, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 4731.912, 'text': 'you know, we mentioned an inner query which says select address code from office where countries India right.', 'start': 4726.13, 'duration': 5.782}], 'summary': 'Nested queries in sql involve an outer and inner query, with an example of selecting last and first names from employees and an inner query selecting address codes from offices in india.', 'duration': 28.097, 'max_score': 4703.815, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y4703815.jpg'}, {'end': 4837.402, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4810.035, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4815.52, 'text': 'So, as you can see from the pictorial representation over here, If you do Union, then you get all the rows from both the queries.', 'start': 4810.035, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 4819.365, 'text': 'if you do intersect, then you get only those rows which are common in both the queries.', 'start': 4815.52, 'duration': 3.845}, {'end': 4822.348, 'text': 'and then, if you perform the minus operation or the except operation,', 'start': 4819.365, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 4826.472, 'text': 'you get only the rows from the left query which are not included in the right query.', 'start': 4822.348, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 4831.438, 'text': 'or maybe only those rows which are included in the right query but maybe not included in the left query.', 'start': 4826.472, 'duration': 4.966}, {'end': 4833.881, 'text': 'right?. So guys, that was about set operations.', 'start': 4831.438, 'duration': 2.443}, {'end': 4837.402, 'text': "So now let's move forward and let's look into special operators.", 'start': 4834.441, 'duration': 2.961}], 'summary': 'Set operations explained: union, intersect, minus. moving on to special operators.', 'duration': 27.367, 'max_score': 4810.035, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y4810035.jpg'}], 'start': 3368.576, 'title': 'Database management', 'summary': 'Delves into database normalization process from 1nf to bcnf, data manipulation commands for inserting and resolving foreign key constraints, sql data manipulation, nested queries, set operations, and aggregate functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3494.573, 'start': 3368.576, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Explains the process of normalizing a database from 1nf to 2nf, 2nf to 3nf, and bcnf, addressing the issues of duplicate data and transitive functional dependencies, and emphasizing the importance of unique identification. it also highlights the conditions for further normalization and the role of bcnf.', 'duration': 125.997, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of normalizing a database from 1NF to 2NF, 2NF to 3NF, and BCNF, emphasizing the importance of unique identification and the conditions for further normalization.', 'It addresses the issues of duplicate data and transitive functional dependencies in the database, aiming to eliminate anomalies and achieve a well-structured database.', 'The role of BCNF is highlighted, particularly in scenarios where there are more than one candidate key present after 3NF, emphasizing the further division of tables to ensure only one candidate key is present.']}, {'end': 3999.416, 'start': 3494.653, 'title': 'Data manipulation commands', 'summary': 'Covers data manipulation commands including inserting data into tables, adding foreign keys to establish relationships, and resolving foreign key constraint violations through practical examples.', 'duration': 504.763, 'highlights': ["Inserting data into tables involves using the 'insert into' command followed by the table name and values to be entered, resulting in the successful addition of data. The speaker demonstrates the process of inserting data into the employee table by providing specific values for each column, such as first name, last name, SSN, birth date, address, gender, salary, and department number. The successful execution of the query confirms the data insertion.", "Adding foreign keys involves using the 'alter table' command to establish relationships between tables, ensuring the correct referencing and execution of the foreign key query. The speaker explains the process of adding a foreign key for the managers relationship, connecting the MGR SSN column in the department table to the SSN column in the employee table. The successful execution of the query confirms the addition of the foreign key.", 'Resolving foreign key constraint violations requires deleting records from the referencing table before attempting to delete records from the referenced table, as demonstrated with the works on table and project table. The speaker illustrates the process of resolving a foreign key constraint violation by first deleting records from the works on table, followed by the successful deletion of records from the project table, thus demonstrating the correct sequence for resolving foreign key constraint violations.']}, {'end': 4685.772, 'start': 3999.416, 'title': 'Data manipulation in sql', 'summary': 'Covers data manipulation in sql, including updating employee salaries, deleting tuples, using select queries to retrieve specific data, performing cross products, and understanding different types of operators in sql.', 'duration': 686.356, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers data manipulation in SQL, including updating employee salaries, deleting tuples, and using select queries to retrieve specific data. It explains how to update employee salaries from 25,000 to 27,000 and how to delete tuples based on specific conditions.', 'The chapter explains how to use select queries to retrieve specific data, such as retrieving first names, last names, and addresses of employees from the employee table for a specific department. It demonstrates the usage of select queries to retrieve specific data from the database, such as retrieving first names, last names, and addresses of employees from the employee table for a specific department.', 'The chapter demonstrates the usage of cross products to find all combinations of employee SSNs with department names. It illustrates the usage of cross products to find all combinations of employee SSNs with department names, providing a comprehensive understanding of cross products in SQL.', 'The chapter provides an overview of different types of operators in SQL, including arithmetic, bitwise, comparison, and compound operators. It gives an overview of various types of operators in SQL, such as arithmetic, bitwise, comparison, and compound operators, providing a comprehensive understanding of operators in SQL.']}, {'end': 5000.464, 'start': 4685.812, 'title': 'Nested queries and set operations', 'summary': 'Covers nested queries, set operations like union, intersect, minus, special operators like between, is null, like, in, exists, all, any, and concepts of order by, group by, having, and aggregate functions including min, max, count, and average.', 'duration': 314.652, 'highlights': ['Nested queries are SQL queries with an outer query and an inner query, allowing the retrieval of data based on matching conditions, for example, selecting last name, first name from employees where the country is India. Nested queries have an outer query and an inner query, allowing data retrieval based on matching conditions, for example, selecting last name, first name from employees where the country is India.', 'Set operations such as Union, Intersect, and Minus are explained, where Union retrieves data present in both sets, Intersect retrieves common rows, and Minus keeps rows from the left query not included in the right query, demonstrated with practical examples. Set operations such as Union, Intersect, and Minus are explained, where Union retrieves data present in both sets, Intersect retrieves common rows, and Minus keeps rows from the left query not included in the right query, demonstrated with practical examples.', 'Special operators like Between, Is Null, Like, In, Exists, All, and Any are discussed, each with its specific use case, for example, Between is used to mention a condition between A and B, Is Null is used to test for null values, and In is a shorthand operator for multiple or conditions. Special operators like Between, Is Null, Like, In, Exists, All, and Any are discussed, each with its specific use case, for example, Between is used to mention a condition between A and B, Is Null is used to test for null values, and In is a shorthand operator for multiple or conditions.', 'The concepts of Order By, Group By, and Having clauses are explained, with Order By used to order the data, Group By to group the data according to specific columns, and Having to filter data based on specific conditions like salary greater than 25,000. The concepts of Order By, Group By, and Having clauses are explained, with Order By used to order the data, Group By to group the data according to specific columns, and Having to filter data based on specific conditions like salary greater than 25,000.', 'Aggregate functions including Min, Max, Count, and Average are discussed, with practical use cases such as Min used to return the smallest value of a selected column, Count to count the number of rows matching specified criteria, and Average to return the average value of a numeric column. Aggregate functions including Min, Max, Count, and Average are discussed, with practical use cases such as Min used to return the smallest value of a selected column, Count to count the number of rows matching specified criteria, and Average to return the average value of a numeric column.']}], 'duration': 1631.888, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y3368576.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of normalizing a database from 1NF to 2NF, 2NF to 3NF, and BCNF, emphasizing the importance of unique identification and the conditions for further normalization.', "Inserting data into tables involves using the 'insert into' command followed by the table name and values to be entered, resulting in the successful addition of data.", 'The chapter covers data manipulation in SQL, including updating employee salaries, deleting tuples, and using select queries to retrieve specific data.', 'Nested queries are SQL queries with an outer query and an inner query, allowing the retrieval of data based on matching conditions, for example, selecting last name, first name from employees where the country is India.', 'Set operations such as Union, Intersect, and Minus are explained, where Union retrieves data present in both sets, Intersect retrieves common rows, and Minus keeps rows from the left query not included in the right query, demonstrated with practical examples.']}, {'end': 6037.755, 'segs': [{'end': 5036.529, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5000.464, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5003.887, 'text': 'and the sum function returns the total sum of a numeric column that you choose.', 'start': 5000.464, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 5006.52, 'text': 'Now that was about aggregate functions guys.', 'start': 5004.699, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 5007.2, 'text': "So don't worry.", 'start': 5006.56, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 5009.781, 'text': "I'm just brushing you with the topics basically the concepts.", 'start': 5007.26, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 5017.064, 'text': "I'm going to show you how you can use all these concepts based on the queries that I'll execute on the PG admin in a while now, but before that,", 'start': 5010.101, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 5019.965, 'text': 'let me just take you through the limit offset and fetch values.', 'start': 5017.064, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5025.434, 'text': 'So the limit is basically used to limit the number of data that you want to get now.', 'start': 5020.931, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 5027.896, 'text': 'We want only the data of the first five rows.', 'start': 5025.634, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 5032.279, 'text': "So what we'll do is we'll basically mention select star from employee limit 5.", 'start': 5028.056, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 5034.621, 'text': 'What will happen is automatically will see the first fight up.', 'start': 5032.279, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 5036.529, 'text': 'Coming to offset.', 'start': 5035.248, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'The sum function returns the total sum of a numeric column. concepts include aggregate functions, limit, and offset.', 'duration': 36.065, 'max_score': 5000.464, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5000464.jpg'}, {'end': 5090.657, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5055.365, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5056.466, 'text': 'Coming to fetch.', 'start': 5055.365, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 5059.629, 'text': 'fetch is also one of the ways to limiting the query results, right?', 'start': 5056.466, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 5066.056, 'text': "So whenever you want to fetch, let's say first five rows only, or maybe let's say 10 rows only, then you can use the fetch statement.", 'start': 5059.649, 'duration': 6.407}, {'end': 5068.178, 'text': "So I'm going to show you how that's done.", 'start': 5066.536, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 5070.34, 'text': 'Let me just shift back to my PG admin.', 'start': 5068.278, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 5076.006, 'text': "And now what I'll do is I'll start with the first topic that I had discussed over here that is nested queries.", 'start': 5070.821, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 5083.572, 'text': "So let's write some interesting nested queries so that you get a hands-on experience on how you can integrate into a complex queries, right?", 'start': 5076.707, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 5090.657, 'text': "So, for example, let's say you know we want to make a list of all the project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last name is Smith,", 'start': 5083.912, 'duration': 6.745}], 'summary': 'Limit query results using fetch statement for hands-on experience with nested queries.', 'duration': 35.292, 'max_score': 5055.365, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5055365.jpg'}, {'end': 5279.065, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5245.699, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5249.662, 'text': 'So once I execute, you see that you know I get the project number one to.', 'start': 5245.699, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 5256.408, 'text': 'that means that you know the person with the last name, Smith, works as a manager or maybe works as a worker in these two projects.', 'start': 5249.662, 'duration': 6.746}, {'end': 5257.929, 'text': 'that is project number one and two.', 'start': 5256.408, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 5261.052, 'text': 'So guys this was a nested query with the Union operation.', 'start': 5258.35, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 5266.416, 'text': "Now, let's say, you know, you don't want to use any set operations and let's say you just want to write a simple query.", 'start': 5261.392, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 5267.837, 'text': "Let's take an example for that.", 'start': 5266.696, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 5271.9, 'text': "Now let's say you know, you want to retrieve the name of employees who have no dependents, right?", 'start': 5267.977, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 5275.443, 'text': 'So we had a relationship that says employees have dependents, right?', 'start': 5271.92, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 5279.065, 'text': "So let's say you know, we want the name of employees who have no dependents.", 'start': 5275.763, 'duration': 3.302}], 'summary': 'Executing nested query with union operation, then retrieving employees with no dependents.', 'duration': 33.366, 'max_score': 5245.699, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5245699.jpg'}, {'end': 5391.819, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5367.818, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5373.862, 'text': "So now let's take this query further and let's say we want to find out the names of those managers who have at least one dependent.", 'start': 5367.818, 'duration': 6.044}, {'end': 5379.89, 'text': "So what I'll mention over here is I'll mention select first name, last name from employee, where exists,", 'start': 5374.446, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 5386.455, 'text': "and then I'll change this condition select star from dependent where SSN is equal to ESN.", 'start': 5379.89, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 5391.819, 'text': 'and also I have to take this condition further which says and exists.', 'start': 5386.455, 'duration': 5.364}], 'summary': 'Query to find managers with at least one dependent.', 'duration': 24.001, 'max_score': 5367.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5367818.jpg'}, {'end': 5621.119, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5589.709, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5594.493, 'text': 'So all the other employees who have first name with any other number of characters are not taken into account.', 'start': 5589.709, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 5597.536, 'text': "So that's how basically you can use the like operator guys.", 'start': 5594.793, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 5600.552, 'text': "Now, let's say, you know, you want to use the between operator.", 'start': 5598.251, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 5607.954, 'text': "For example, let's say that we want to find out all those employees whose salary lies between let's say 30, 000 to 45, 000.", 'start': 5600.952, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 5621.119, 'text': "So for that I'll type in the statement select star from employee where, and then you mentioned a nested query salary between,", 'start': 5607.954, 'duration': 13.165}], 'summary': "Using sql operators like 'like' and 'between' for employee data filtering.", 'duration': 31.41, 'max_score': 5589.709, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5589709.jpg'}, {'end': 5835.622, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5802.65, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5806.071, 'text': "So next let's look into how you can use aggregate functions in sequel.", 'start': 5802.65, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 5808.515, 'text': 'So to use aggregate functions.', 'start': 5806.855, 'duration': 1.66}, {'end': 5813.237, 'text': 'what you can simply do is you basically have to use the functions as some max, min, average and count right?', 'start': 5808.515, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 5818.238, 'text': "For example, let's say you know, we want to find out the sum, the max, the min and the average salary from employee.", 'start': 5813.497, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 5819.398, 'text': "Let's say so.", 'start': 5818.738, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 5823.119, 'text': "Let's say, you know, I want to find out the sum min max of salary from employee, right?", 'start': 5819.438, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 5835.622, 'text': "So I'll just mention select some salary, min salary, max salary from employee.", 'start': 5823.139, 'duration': 12.483}], 'summary': 'Learn to use aggregate functions like sum, max, min, avg in sql to analyze employee salaries.', 'duration': 32.972, 'max_score': 5802.65, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5802650.jpg'}, {'end': 5894.109, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5868.749, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5873.933, 'text': "So that was about aggregate functions guys now next let's look into order by group by and having clauses.", 'start': 5868.749, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 5880.218, 'text': 'So, as I mentioned before, the order by is basically used to get the output either in the ascending format or the descending format.', 'start': 5874.233, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 5886.203, 'text': 'the group by is basically used to group the data that you want by a specific column, and having is basically used to check a condition.', 'start': 5880.218, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 5890.366, 'text': "Let's say we want to write a query to retrieve a list of employees and the projects.", 'start': 5886.843, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 5894.109, 'text': "They're working on ordered by the department and within each department.", 'start': 5890.406, 'duration': 3.703}], 'summary': 'Understanding sql order by, group by, and having clauses for data manipulation.', 'duration': 25.36, 'max_score': 5868.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5868749.jpg'}], 'start': 5000.464, 'title': 'Sql query operations', 'summary': 'Covers aggregate functions, query limiting, nested queries, set operations, sql operators, and functions. it also includes practical examples and use cases, preparing the audience for executing queries in pg admin.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5083.572, 'start': 5000.464, 'title': 'Aggregate functions & query limiting', 'summary': 'Covers aggregate functions like sum, and explains the concepts of limit, offset, and fetch for querying data, with examples and use cases, preparing the audience for executing queries in pg admin.', 'duration': 83.108, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces aggregate functions like sum for calculating the total sum of a numeric column, providing a conceptual overview.', 'Explains the concepts of limit, offset, and fetch for querying data, with examples such as selecting the first five rows, and using offset to select specific rows after the limit.', 'Describes fetch as a method for limiting query results, offering the ability to fetch a specific number of rows, preparing the audience for executing complex queries in PG admin.']}, {'end': 5473.751, 'start': 5083.912, 'title': 'Nested queries and set operations', 'summary': "Explains the use of nested queries and set operations in sql, demonstrating how to list project numbers involving the employee smith using a nested query with union operation, retrieving employees with no dependents using 'not exists', and finding managers with at least one dependent using 'exists'.", 'duration': 389.839, 'highlights': ['Demonstrating the use of nested query with Union operation to list project numbers involving the employee Smith. The speaker explains how to use a nested query with Union operation to retrieve project numbers for projects involving the employee Smith, whether as a worker or manager, and obtains project numbers 1 and 2.', "Explaining how to retrieve employees with no dependents using 'not exists' operator. The speaker provides an example of using the 'not exists' operator to retrieve the names of employees who have no dependents, demonstrating the use of the 'not exists' operator and obtaining a list of employees with no dependents.", "Illustrating the use of 'exists' to find managers with at least one dependent. The speaker demonstrates the use of 'exists' to find managers with at least one dependent, using a nested subquery to obtain the names of managers with at least one dependent, resulting in the names Franklin and Jennifer as managers with at least one dependent."]}, {'end': 6037.755, 'start': 5474.212, 'title': 'Using sql operators and functions', 'summary': "Covers the use of sql operators like 'like', 'between', 'arithmetic', 'is null', and aggregate functions such as sum, min, max, count, as well as order by, group by, and having clauses to manipulate and retrieve data in sql, with practical examples and demonstrations.", 'duration': 563.543, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates the use of SQL operators such as 'like', 'between', and 'is null' to filter and retrieve specific data from the employee table, with practical examples and demonstrations. Examples of retrieving employees with specific addresses and names.", 'The chapter provides practical examples and demonstrations of using aggregate functions like sum, min, max, and count to perform calculations and retrieve specific data from the employee table. Demonstration of calculating sum, min, max, and count of salaries.', 'The chapter explains the usage of order by, group by, and having clauses to organize and analyze data in SQL, with practical examples and demonstrations. Examples of organizing and ordering data based on department, last name, and first name.']}], 'duration': 1037.291, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y5000464.jpg', 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates the use of SQL operators like 'like', 'between', and 'is null' to filter and retrieve specific data from the employee table.", 'The chapter provides practical examples and demonstrations of using aggregate functions like sum, min, max, and count to perform calculations and retrieve specific data from the employee table.', "Explaining how to retrieve employees with no dependents using 'not exists' operator.", "Illustrating the use of 'exists' to find managers with at least one dependent.", 'Describes fetch as a method for limiting query results, offering the ability to fetch a specific number of rows, preparing the audience for executing complex queries in PG admin.', 'Explains the concepts of limit, offset, and fetch for querying data, with examples such as selecting the first five rows, and using offset to select specific rows after the limit.', 'The chapter introduces aggregate functions like sum for calculating the total sum of a numeric column, providing a conceptual overview.', 'The chapter explains the usage of order by, group by, and having clauses to organize and analyze data in SQL, with practical examples and demonstrations.', 'Demonstrating the use of nested query with Union operation to list project numbers involving the employee Smith.']}, {'end': 7183.196, 'segs': [{'end': 6089.865, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6062.939, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6067.502, 'text': "you'll see that you know we get all the details of all the employees in the salaries of the descending orders.", 'start': 6062.939, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 6070.436, 'text': 'So, in the case of descending, if you mentioned ascending,', 'start': 6068.115, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 6075.098, 'text': "then you'll get an output of all the details of all the employees in an ascending order of based on the salaries.", 'start': 6070.436, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 6077.479, 'text': 'So guys that was about the order by Claus.', 'start': 6075.598, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 6079.92, 'text': "Now, let's move forward with the group by Claus.", 'start': 6077.819, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 6082.841, 'text': "Now, let's say, you know, we want to find out for each department.", 'start': 6080.22, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 6087.183, 'text': 'We want to retrieve the department number and the number of employees in the department right?', 'start': 6082.901, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 6089.865, 'text': 'So now to retrieve the number of employees.', 'start': 6087.563, 'duration': 2.302}], 'summary': 'Retrieve employee details in ascending or descending order based on salaries, and group employees by department to find the number of employees in each department.', 'duration': 26.926, 'max_score': 6062.939, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6062939.jpg'}, {'end': 6159.238, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6135.351, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6142.554, 'text': 'in the department number four, the number of employees working at four are three, and in the department one, the number of employees working on one.', 'start': 6135.351, 'duration': 7.203}, {'end': 6145.685, 'text': 'All right, so that was about the group by clause guys.', 'start': 6143.323, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 6148.248, 'text': 'I hope that was simple to understand now.', 'start': 6146.026, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 6149.649, 'text': "Let's look into the having clause.", 'start': 6148.288, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 6154.153, 'text': 'So having as I mentioned before is basically used to specify a specific condition.', 'start': 6149.949, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 6159.238, 'text': "So let's say, you know having countless than 2 greater than 2 having salary greater than 25, 000 or maybe less than 30, 000 and so on.", 'start': 6154.514, 'duration': 4.724}], 'summary': "The department 4 has 3 employees and the department 1 has an unspecified number. the discussion also covers the 'group by' and 'having' clauses in sql.", 'duration': 23.887, 'max_score': 6135.351, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6135351.jpg'}, {'end': 6412.042, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6382.624, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6384.865, 'text': 'So over here you can clearly see the output that you know.', 'start': 6382.624, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 6392.689, 'text': 'when we used limit five, you saw the first five rows and then, when we used offset five and then limit three, we saw the next three rows.', 'start': 6384.865, 'duration': 7.824}, {'end': 6398.712, 'text': "and now, if you're using the fetch command, where we say fetch first eight rows only, you'll see that you know we fetch all the eight rows right?", 'start': 6392.689, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 6402.934, 'text': "So that's how, guys, basically you can use the limit offset and the fetch commands.", 'start': 6399.192, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 6408.901, 'text': "So that was about till now now, let's go back to our PPT and next let's look into joints in SQL.", 'start': 6403.539, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 6412.042, 'text': 'So all of you might be knowing what are joints right now.', 'start': 6409.221, 'duration': 2.821}], 'summary': 'Using sql commands, limit and offset, we fetched 5 rows, then 3 rows, and finally 8 rows with the fetch command. next, the focus shifts to learning about joins in sql.', 'duration': 29.418, 'max_score': 6382.624, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6382624.jpg'}, {'end': 6496.885, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6470.618, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6474.88, 'text': 'all those records which either have a matching value in the left table or on the right table.', 'start': 6470.618, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 6480.264, 'text': 'So guys these were the mainly four types of joints that is the inner joint the full the left and the right joint.', 'start': 6475.481, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 6486.401, 'text': "Now, let me just quickly take you back to PG admin and then let's apply for joins on the tables that we have.", 'start': 6481.019, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 6489.723, 'text': "for example, let's say you know, we want to apply left join right.", 'start': 6486.401, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 6490.703, 'text': "as I've told you before,", 'start': 6489.723, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 6496.885, 'text': 'the left join is basically going to return all those records from the left table and also all those records matching the condition from the right table.', 'start': 6490.703, 'duration': 6.182}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses four types of joins: inner, full, left, and right joins, with a focus on left join returning all records from the left table and matching records from the right table.', 'duration': 26.267, 'max_score': 6470.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6470618.jpg'}, {'end': 6883.93, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6852.596, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6853.757, 'text': 'I leave it you to practice.', 'start': 6852.596, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 6860, 'text': "Please remember the fact that you know, I'm just giving you all the basic concepts so that you get started with postgresql.", 'start': 6853.797, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 6865.962, 'text': 'But if you have to get a good understanding of all the databases then make sure you have good practice on that note.', 'start': 6860.3, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 6869.504, 'text': "Let's get started with the next topic for today's session that is procedures.", 'start': 6866.222, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 6872.502, 'text': 'So procedures are basically a section of code.', 'start': 6870.18, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 6879.607, 'text': 'So, basically, you can understand procedures as a section of code or functions which you can save, you know, and then you can reuse it right?', 'start': 6872.542, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 6883.93, 'text': 'So whenever you want to save a section of code or maybe a function and then you want to keep reusing it,', 'start': 6879.907, 'duration': 4.023}], 'summary': "Basic concepts of postgresql covered, emphasizing the importance of practice and introducing procedures as a topic for today's session.", 'duration': 31.334, 'max_score': 6852.596, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6852596.jpg'}, {'end': 7166.989, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7140.265, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7143.788, 'text': "So now let's look into how you can implement triggers in postgresql.", 'start': 7140.265, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 7147.532, 'text': "So to implement triggers are what I'm going to do is I'm going to create a table first.", 'start': 7144.089, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 7160.686, 'text': "So let's say, I create a table audit and then let's say, you know, I'm going to consider employee ID right? to be of cat type and nine characters,", 'start': 7147.572, 'duration': 13.114}, {'end': 7162.567, 'text': 'since our SSN is of nine characters.', 'start': 7160.686, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 7165.568, 'text': 'and then it should not be null.', 'start': 7162.567, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 7166.989, 'text': 'and then, apart from that,', 'start': 7165.568, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'Exploring implementation of triggers in postgresql for creating an audit table with specific constraints.', 'duration': 26.724, 'max_score': 7140.265, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7140265.jpg'}], 'start': 6037.795, 'title': 'Sql clauses, limit, offset, fetch, joins, procedures, and triggers', 'summary': 'Introduces sql order by, group by, and having clauses with examples and covers limit, offset, fetch commands, and joins, along with procedures and triggers in postgresql, demonstrating their usage and implementation with practical examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6273.119, 'start': 6037.795, 'title': 'Sql clauses demystified', 'summary': 'Introduces the concepts of sql order by, group by, and having clauses, demonstrating their usage and providing examples, including sorting employee salaries in descending order, retrieving department numbers and employee counts, and filtering project data based on employee count.', 'duration': 235.324, 'highlights': ['The chapter provides a clear explanation of the SQL order by clause, showcasing its usage to sort employee salaries in descending and ascending order.', 'An example is given to illustrate the SQL group by clause, detailing how it can be used to retrieve department numbers and the count of employees for each department.', 'The having clause is demonstrated through an example where it filters project data based on the number of employees working on each project, showcasing the usage of aggregate functions and conditions.']}, {'end': 6852.536, 'start': 6273.119, 'title': 'Sql limit, offset, fetch & joins', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of limit, offset, and fetch commands to fetch specific rows from a sql database, and explains the concept of joins in sql, including the types of joins and their applications, with practical examples. additionally, it provides an overview of creating and dropping views in sql.', 'duration': 579.417, 'highlights': ['Explaining the usage of limit, offset, and fetch commands to fetch specific rows from a SQL database, with practical examples. The chapter provides a detailed explanation of using limit, offset, and fetch commands to retrieve specific rows from a SQL database, demonstrating how to limit the number of rows returned, fetch rows after a specified offset, and fetch the first N rows after a given position.', 'Detailed explanation of the concept of joins in SQL, including the types of joins (inner, left, right, and full) and their applications, with practical examples. The chapter thoroughly explains the concept of joins in SQL, covering the types of joins (inner, left, right, and full) and their applications when combining rows from multiple tables, providing practical examples for each type of join.', 'Overview of creating and dropping views in SQL, with a step-by-step demonstration of creating a view and dropping a view using SQL queries. Additionally, the chapter provides an overview of creating and dropping views in SQL, demonstrating the step-by-step process of creating a view by deriving data from other tables and dropping a view using SQL queries.']}, {'end': 7183.196, 'start': 6852.596, 'title': 'Procedures and triggers in postgresql', 'summary': 'Covers the creation and implementation of stored procedures in postgresql, demonstrating the process of creating a procedure to insert values into tables and verifying the successful insertion, along with an introduction to triggers and their implementation in postgresql.', 'duration': 330.6, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation and implementation of stored procedures in PostgreSQL It provides an overview of the main focus of the chapter.', 'demonstrating the process of creating a procedure to insert values into tables and verifying the successful insertion Describes the practical demonstration of creating a procedure to insert values into tables and confirming the successful insertion.', 'an introduction to triggers and their implementation in PostgreSQL Introduces the topic of triggers and their implementation in PostgreSQL.']}], 'duration': 1145.401, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y6037795.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter thoroughly explains the concept of joins in SQL, covering the types of joins (inner, left, right, and full) and their applications with practical examples.', 'The chapter provides a clear explanation of the SQL order by clause, showcasing its usage to sort employee salaries in descending and ascending order.', 'Explaining the usage of limit, offset, and fetch commands to fetch specific rows from a SQL database, with practical examples.', 'An example is given to illustrate the SQL group by clause, detailing how it can be used to retrieve department numbers and the count of employees for each department.', 'The chapter covers the creation and implementation of stored procedures in PostgreSQL, demonstrating the process of creating a procedure to insert values into tables and verifying the successful insertion.', 'An introduction to triggers and their implementation in PostgreSQL.']}, {'end': 8089.701, 'segs': [{'end': 7226.312, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7198.699, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7204.824, 'text': "what I'm going to do is I'm going to create a function audit log function which will basically return a trigger as example table,", 'start': 7198.699, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 7208.066, 'text': 'which will begin whenever you wish to insert something into the audit table.', 'start': 7204.824, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7212.707, 'text': "Now the trigger example table will be created then so let's just do the same.", 'start': 7208.786, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 7216.749, 'text': "So now, since I've created the table audit, let me create the function right?", 'start': 7213.148, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 7226.312, 'text': 'So, to create a function, you have to type in create or replace function audit log funk.', 'start': 7217.049, 'duration': 9.263}], 'summary': 'Creating a function to generate triggers for audit table', 'duration': 27.613, 'max_score': 7198.699, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7198699.jpg'}, {'end': 7343.38, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7311.907, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7327.757, 'text': "you'll mention create trigger will mention example trigger after insert on basically whenever you're inserting employee for Each row.", 'start': 7311.907, 'duration': 15.85}, {'end': 7333.54, 'text': "I'm going to execute the procedure or the function that I just created.", 'start': 7328.197, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 7337.142, 'text': 'So that is basically my audit log function.', 'start': 7334.32, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 7338.383, 'text': "So I'll just copy from here.", 'start': 7337.182, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 7339.937, 'text': 'paste it over here.', 'start': 7339.136, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 7343.38, 'text': "And then finally, I'll mention the insert statement.", 'start': 7340.577, 'duration': 2.803}], 'summary': 'Creating a trigger to execute a procedure after inserting an employee for audit logging.', 'duration': 31.473, 'max_score': 7311.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7311907.jpg'}, {'end': 7405.089, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7374.827, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7376.128, 'text': 'So what have I done over here?', 'start': 7374.827, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 7378.268, 'text': "I've basically created a table audit.", 'start': 7376.428, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 7384.39, 'text': 'So this audit table is basically like, you know, whenever I want to insert into the employee table a trigger will be created.', 'start': 7378.308, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 7389.452, 'text': 'So, basically, a trigger will be invoked, which is after execute on, you have to mention the procedure right?', 'start': 7384.45, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 7392.493, 'text': 'So, basically, the procedure is basically the function that we created.', 'start': 7389.472, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 7397.855, 'text': "that's basically it returns to the trigger example table, where you know it inserts into the order table automatically.", 'start': 7392.493, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 7403.517, 'text': "that is basically the employee ID that I've mentioned over here and automatically the current time stamp as the entry date.", 'start': 7397.855, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 7405.089, 'text': "So let's see what happens.", 'start': 7404.068, 'duration': 1.021}], 'summary': 'Created audit table with trigger to insert employee data into order table.', 'duration': 30.262, 'max_score': 7374.827, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7374827.jpg'}, {'end': 7440.158, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7411.972, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7416.054, 'text': 'All right, it says syntax error at employee ID value current.', 'start': 7411.972, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 7418.895, 'text': "Oh, it's because the current timestamp spelling is wrong over there.", 'start': 7416.174, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 7420.696, 'text': "So let's just correct that.", 'start': 7419.175, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 7424.558, 'text': "Now I'll again execute this particular section again.", 'start': 7422.157, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 7428.998, 'text': "It still says that you know, there's an error over here.", 'start': 7427.034, 'duration': 1.964}, {'end': 7434.227, 'text': "Yes, that's because you know, I've missed comma over here and then I'd put the bracket.", 'start': 7429.338, 'duration': 4.889}, {'end': 7440.158, 'text': "So I've removed the brackets and then I have to put the comma and then again, let's try executing this particular section.", 'start': 7434.247, 'duration': 5.911}], 'summary': 'Fixing syntax error and missing comma in the employee id value, re-executing the section.', 'duration': 28.186, 'max_score': 7411.972, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7411972.jpg'}, {'end': 7567.237, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7531.048, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7533.35, 'text': 'That is the grant statement and the revoke statement.', 'start': 7531.048, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 7535.646, 'text': "So let's consider the grand statement.", 'start': 7534.025, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 7540.327, 'text': 'So the grant command is basically used to grant privileges to the databases or tables.', 'start': 7536.006, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 7543.508, 'text': "For example, let's say, you know, we consider the table one we created over here.", 'start': 7540.427, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 7550.29, 'text': "So if I right-click over here and go to properties and let's say I go to securities you see that, you know, there's no grantee privileges.", 'start': 7544.068, 'duration': 6.222}, {'end': 7554.451, 'text': "There's nothing present over here because there are no privileges granted to this particular table.", 'start': 7550.31, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 7556.892, 'text': "So let's grant permissions to this particular table.", 'start': 7554.791, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 7567.237, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is I'm going to type in grant select on then I'll mention the table name that is table 1 2 and I'll mention public.", 'start': 7556.912, 'duration': 10.325}], 'summary': 'Grant command used to grant privileges to tables. example: granting select to table 1 to public.', 'duration': 36.189, 'max_score': 7531.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7531048.jpg'}, {'end': 7696.718, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7668.295, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7675.08, 'text': 'So the transaction control language commands come into the picture when you want to make sure that you know the transaction in the database is meeting all the standards.', 'start': 7668.295, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 7676.902, 'text': 'that is basically the asset properties.', 'start': 7675.08, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 7681.626, 'text': 'So asset properties are basically atomicity consistency isolation and durability.', 'start': 7677.422, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 7687.09, 'text': 'So, basically, if you want to make sure that you know the database is making sure that the transaction properties are met,', 'start': 7681.666, 'duration': 5.424}, {'end': 7689.792, 'text': 'then you have to use this transaction control language commands.', 'start': 7687.09, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 7696.718, 'text': "So to use transaction language control commands, what I'm going to do is I'm going to perform transaction on table one, right?", 'start': 7690.313, 'duration': 6.405}], 'summary': 'Transaction control language ensures database meets transaction standards.', 'duration': 28.423, 'max_score': 7668.295, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7668295.jpg'}, {'end': 7880.926, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7850.937, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7853.438, 'text': 'Well guys exporting and importing data is really simple.', 'start': 7850.937, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 7859.703, 'text': "For example, let's say, you know, I want to export and import data of the table one values, right? So what I do is I'll right click over here.", 'start': 7853.478, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 7862.085, 'text': 'and then go to import export option.', 'start': 7860.243, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 7864.829, 'text': "And then what I do is I'll mention the file name right?", 'start': 7862.626, 'duration': 2.203}, {'end': 7869.214, 'text': "So basically I'm exporting and I'll search for, let's say, demo.csv, right?", 'start': 7864.849, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 7873.619, 'text': 'So now demo.csv is present in my e folder, right?', 'start': 7869.234, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 7876.262, 'text': "I'll choose that and then I'll click on create.", 'start': 7873.839, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 7880.926, 'text': "Once I click on create you'll see that you know, if I want to replace well, I have a pre-existing file.", 'start': 7876.802, 'duration': 4.124}], 'summary': 'Exporting and importing data is simple. for example, by choosing file demo.csv, data is exported from table one.', 'duration': 29.989, 'max_score': 7850.937, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7850937.jpg'}, {'end': 8044.231, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8013.151, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8017.094, 'text': 'Now, once I create the extension and then if I select UUID generate before,', 'start': 8013.151, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 8020.877, 'text': "you'll see that you know automatically a new ID is getting generated right now.", 'start': 8017.094, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 8025.661, 'text': "the next time I execute this particular statement again, you'll see that you know a different ID will be generated.", 'start': 8020.877, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 8030.004, 'text': "So that's how basically you can use UUID as a primary key for the table.", 'start': 8026.161, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 8033.287, 'text': 'So for example in the social security number of employee table, you could have using this.', 'start': 8030.024, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 8037.907, 'text': "Now in that scenario, you don't have to sit and mention the SSN over there.", 'start': 8034.005, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 8044.231, 'text': "You can just put the specific function, that is, you ID underscore, generate underscore v4 and automatically you'll see that you know.", 'start': 8037.947, 'duration': 6.284}], 'summary': 'Uuid generates unique ids for primary keys, ensuring data integrity.', 'duration': 31.08, 'max_score': 8013.151, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y8013151.jpg'}], 'start': 7184.349, 'title': 'Database triggers and transaction commands', 'summary': 'Covers creating table audits, defining trigger functions, resolving syntax errors; demonstrates trigger creation, granting and revoking privileges, and covers transaction control language commands; includes examples and usage of uuid data type as a primary key.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7453.509, 'start': 7184.349, 'title': 'Creating table audit and trigger function', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating a table audit, defining a trigger function to insert data into the audit table, and encountering and resolving syntax errors in the process.', 'duration': 269.16, 'highlights': ["A function 'audit log function' is created to return a trigger 'example table' for inserting into the audit table, automatically generating a new SSN and entry date using the current timestamp, enabling the use of timestamps for data manipulation.", "The process involves creating a trigger 'example trigger' that executes the previously created 'audit log function' after an insert on the employee table, demonstrating the linkage between the trigger and the function for automatic data insertion into the audit table.", "The process encounters syntax errors related to the misspelling of 'current timestamp' and missing comma and brackets, highlighting the need for precise syntax and error handling in SQL scripting."]}, {'end': 7655.164, 'start': 7453.529, 'title': 'Understanding triggers and granting privileges', 'summary': 'Explains how to create triggers to automate actions in a database and demonstrates the process of granting and revoking privileges for tables, with examples of granting insert privileges to a table and then revoking them.', 'duration': 201.635, 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the process of creating triggers to automate actions in the database, such as tracking changes or generating data, and demonstrates the execution of queries to validate the trigger function and view audit table data.', 'It explains the concept of granting privileges using the grant statement, demonstrating the granting of insert privileges to a specific table, and verifying the successful execution of the grant query.', 'The process of revoking privileges is also detailed, with a demonstration of using the revoke statement to remove previously granted privileges, and verifying the successful revocation of privileges from the table.']}, {'end': 8089.701, 'start': 7655.724, 'title': 'Data control and transaction commands', 'summary': 'Covers transaction control language commands that ensure database transactions meet asset properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability, demonstrated through the use of begin, rollback, commit, and abort commands; it also explains the process of exporting and importing data and the usage of uuid data type as a primary key.', 'duration': 433.977, 'highlights': ['Transaction control language commands ensure database transactions meet asset properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability, demonstrated through the use of begin, rollback, commit, and abort commands. The transaction control language commands ensure that database transactions meet asset properties such as atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability; the commands demonstrated include begin, rollback, commit, and abort.', 'The process of exporting and importing data is explained, showcasing the steps to export and import data using PG admin and demonstrating the replacement of pre-existing files. The process of exporting and importing data is explained, showcasing the steps to export and import data using PG admin and demonstrating the replacement of pre-existing files.', 'The usage of UUID data type as a primary key to uniquely identify data is illustrated, showcasing the process of creating the extension, selecting from available extensions, and generating new IDs using UUID. The usage of UUID data type as a primary key to uniquely identify data is illustrated, showcasing the process of creating the extension, selecting from available extensions, and generating new IDs using UUID.']}], 'duration': 905.352, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/-VO7YjQeG6Y/pics/-VO7YjQeG6Y7184349.jpg', 'highlights': ["A function 'audit log function' is created to return a trigger 'example table' for inserting into the audit table, automatically generating a new SSN and entry date using the current timestamp, enabling the use of timestamps for data manipulation.", "The process involves creating a trigger 'example trigger' that executes the previously created 'audit log function' after an insert on the employee table, demonstrating the linkage between the trigger and the function for automatic data insertion into the audit table.", 'Transaction control language commands ensure database transactions meet asset properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability, demonstrated through the use of begin, rollback, commit, and abort commands. The transaction control language commands ensure that database transactions meet asset properties such as atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability; the commands demonstrated include begin, rollback, commit, and abort.', 'The chapter outlines the process of creating triggers to automate actions in the database, such as tracking changes or generating data, and demonstrates the execution of queries to validate the trigger function and view audit table data.', 'The process of exporting and importing data is explained, showcasing the steps to export and import data using PG admin and demonstrating the replacement of pre-existing files.', 'The usage of UUID data type as a primary key to uniquely identify data is illustrated, showcasing the process of creating the extension, selecting from available extensions, and generating new IDs using UUID.', "The process encounters syntax errors related to the misspelling of 'current timestamp' and missing comma and brackets, highlighting the need for precise syntax and error handling in SQL scripting.", 'It explains the concept of granting privileges using the grant statement, demonstrating the granting of insert privileges to a specific table, and verifying the successful execution of the grant query.', 'The process of revoking privileges is also detailed, with a demonstration of using the revoke statement to remove previously granted privileges, and verifying the successful revocation of privileges from the table.']}], 'highlights': ['Postgres SQL is an open-source object relational database system with 30 plus years of active development, showcasing its extensive industry experience and reliability.', 'Performance in Postgres SQL is facilitated by features like indexing, sophisticated query planner, multi-version concurrency control, and table partitioning, ensuring efficient and effective database operations.', 'The chapter guarantees a complete understanding of different concepts and commands in Postgres SQL.', 'The chapter covers the installation of Postgres SQL on Windows, including steps and configurations.', 'The chapter describes the process of downloading and installing PostgreSQL on Windows, emphasizing the importance of selecting the latest version for maximum features.', 'The chapter outlines the process of building an entity relationship diagram for a company database, illustrating various entities like employees, departments, and projects, and their relationships, with mention of various attributes.', 'The chapter explains the process of normalizing a database from 1NF to 2NF, 2NF to 3NF, and BCNF, emphasizing the importance of unique identification and the conditions for further normalization.', 'The chapter covers various types of keys: candidate, super, primary, alternate, and foreign keys.', 'The chapter covers the creation and implementation of stored procedures in PostgreSQL, demonstrating the process of creating a procedure to insert values into tables and verifying the successful insertion.', 'Transaction control language commands ensure database transactions meet asset properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability, demonstrated through the use of begin, rollback, commit, and abort commands.']}